119:
state law did not allow defense attorneys to use government funds to hire other forensic scientists to verify
Gilchrist's claims. However, during appeals of Malcolm Rent Johnson's death penalty case, two forensic experts hired by the defense were critical of Gilchrist's testimony, particularly as it
72:
Pierce, a husband and the father of two infant children, was misidentified in a police line-up. After voluntarily giving hair and blood samples to the police investigators in an attempt to clear his name, he was arrested and charged with the rape. Gilchrist claimed his hair samples were
123:
Curtis McCarty was released in 2007 after spending nearly 20 years on death row. The courts found that
Gilchrist acted to either alter or intentionally lose evidence. McCarty sued Gilchrist for her wrongdoing, but his case was thrown out on technical terms, like those of most
127:
In June 2018, Johnny Edward
Tallbear was released after 26 years in jail for a murder he did not commit. Gilchrist testified under oath that Tallbear's blood matched that found at the scene of the crime. DNA testing showed this to be
73:"microscopically consistent" with the hairs found at the crime scene. Pierce was cleared of the crime in 2001 after DNA evidence was re-examined, and released after 15 years in prison. Pierce subsequently filed a
132:
Over 1,700 cases in which
Gilchrist's evidence was significant to conviction were reviewed by the State of Oklahoma. Gilchrist's attorney stated that, "The criticism of around here is second only to that of
38:. Her evidence led in part to 23 people being sentenced to death, 12 of whom have been executed. After her dismissal, Gilchrist alleged that she was fired in retaliation for reporting sexual misconduct.
54:, thus obtaining convictions. In 1994, Gilchrist was promoted to supervisor from forensic chemist after just nine years on the job, but her colleagues began to raise concerns about her work.
85:, conspired to produce false evidence against him. The suit was settled for $ 4 million in 2007, with one Oklahoma City councilman noting that the city could have had to pay much more.
595:
234:
806:
362:
478:
811:
821:
816:
112:
included shafts of hair found near the girl's body and in Blair's car. New DNA evidence showed that the hair matched neither the girl, nor Blair.
781:
715:
270:
641:
213:
Ancestry.com. U.S. Public
Records Index, 1950-1993, Volume 1 . Provo, UT: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
801:
791:
786:
585:
666:
439:
399:
319:
224:
796:
826:
352:
35:
468:
50:
evidence that other forensic examiners could not. She was also known for being unusually adept at testifying and persuading
57:
Concerns about
Gilchrist's actions were first raised when a landscaper, Jeffrey Todd Pierce, who had been convicted of
385:
149:
138:
104:
Other cases from individuals convicted on
Gilchrist's testimony continue to work their way through the courts.
557:
689:
93:
Gilchrist was dismissed in
September 2001 due to "flawed casework analysis" and "laboratory mismanagement".
108:
Michael Blair was sentenced to die for the murder of a young girl in 1993. The evidence leading to his
776:
771:
590:
562:
473:
357:
229:
431:
311:
280:
504:
435:
395:
315:
142:
82:
426:
True
Stories of Law & Order: The Real Crimes Behind the Best Episodes of the Hit TV Show
137:." After her dismissal, Gilchrist filed a lawsuit seeking $ 20.1 million, claiming that her
120:
relied upon several "blue-colored hairs" that seemed too "ubiquitous" to be useful evidence.
23:
617:
134:
62:
424:
304:
153:
78:
34:. She participated in more than 3,000 criminal cases in 21 years while working for the
27:
765:
391:
275:
194:
178:
169:, where she worked for a candle-making company. She died in Texas on June 14, 2015.
716:"Former forensic scientist, accused of forging evidence in hundreds of cases, dies"
109:
96:
She consistently denied any wrongdoing and was never charged with any crime.
184:
77:
against
Oklahoma City, seeking $ 75 million and charging that Gilchrist and
529:
508:
188:
116:
31:
166:
74:
46:
Gilchrist earned the nickname "Black Magic" for her ability to match
741:
66:
157:
episode "Myth of Fingerprints" was inspired by Gilchrist's case.
642:"Compensation for the Wrongly Convicted – The Innocence Project"
58:
51:
61:
in 1986 largely based on Gilchrist's evidence despite a clean
47:
742:"Disgraced Oklahoma City police chemist Joyce Gilchrist dies"
667:"OKC man walks free after 1992 murder conviction vacated"
618:"FindLaw's United States Tenth Circuit case and opinions"
225:"Inquiry Focuses on Scientists Employed by Prosecutors"
141:
was actually motivated by revenge, after she reported
353:"Police Chemist's Suit Says Firing Was Retaliatory"
69:, was exonerated based on additional DNA evidence.
22:(January 11, 1948 – June 14, 2015) was an American
423:
303:
690:"4 Crimes That Inspired Law & Order Episodes"
530:"Man gets $ 4 million over wrong rape conviction"
306:The Contradictions of American Capital Punishment
469:"Police Chemist Accused of Shoddy Work Is Fired"
264:
262:
260:
258:
256:
254:
252:
556:Scheck, Barry; Neufeld, Peter (May 11, 2001).
310:. New York: Oxford University Press. p.
181:, chemist who admitted to falsifying evidence
8:
586:"Oklahoma Retraces Big Step in Capital Case"
187:, lab technician found guilty of falsifying
165:After her dismissal, Gilchrist relocated to
807:20th-century African-American scientists
551:
549:
547:
430:. New York: Berkley Boulevard. p.
206:
498:
496:
463:
461:
347:
345:
343:
341:
740:Graham Lee Brewer (August 31, 2015).
481:from the original on November 1, 2015
422:Dwyer, Kevin; Fiorillo, Juré (2006).
365:from the original on November 4, 2015
7:
812:21st-century African-American people
822:21st-century African-American women
817:20th-century African-American women
197:, forensic method used by Gilchrist
598:from the original on March 4, 2016
584:Yardley, Jim (September 2, 2001).
269:Luscombe, Belinda (May 13, 2001).
14:
237:from the original on May 27, 2015
30:in order to help prosecutors in
36:Oklahoma City Police Department
714:Keaton Fox (August 28, 2015).
688:Harness, Jill (May 23, 2011).
26:who was accused of falsifying
1:
665:Schwab, Kyle (11 June 2018).
558:"Junk Science, Junk Evidence"
782:American forensic scientists
532:. NBC News. January 24, 2007
503:David Kohn (July 24, 2002).
302:Franklin E. Zimring (2003).
223:Yardley, Jim (May 2, 2001).
843:
802:People from Oklahoma City
792:African-American chemists
787:Women forensic scientists
16:American forensic chemist
646:www.innocenceproject.org
271:"When The Evidence Lies"
115:During the early 1990s,
797:American women chemists
827:Chemists from Oklahoma
505:"Under The Microscope"
477:. September 26, 2001.
384:Fuhrman, Mark (2003).
669:. Oklahoma City Star
145:by her supervisor.
591:The New York Times
563:The New York Times
474:The New York Times
361:. April 26, 2002.
358:The New York Times
230:The New York Times
387:Death and Justice
283:on April 28, 2009
143:sexual misconduct
83:district attorney
834:
757:
756:
754:
752:
737:
731:
730:
728:
726:
711:
705:
704:
702:
700:
685:
679:
678:
676:
674:
662:
656:
655:
653:
652:
638:
632:
631:
629:
628:
614:
608:
607:
605:
603:
594:. pp. 1–2.
581:
575:
574:
572:
570:
553:
542:
541:
539:
537:
526:
520:
519:
517:
515:
500:
491:
490:
488:
486:
465:
456:
455:
453:Joyce Gilchrist.
450:
448:
429:
419:
413:
412:
410:
408:
381:
375:
374:
372:
370:
349:
336:
335:
333:Joyce Gilchrist.
330:
328:
309:
299:
293:
292:
290:
288:
279:. Archived from
266:
247:
246:
244:
242:
220:
214:
211:
81:, a now-retired
24:forensic chemist
842:
841:
837:
836:
835:
833:
832:
831:
762:
761:
760:
750:
748:
739:
738:
734:
724:
722:
713:
712:
708:
698:
696:
687:
686:
682:
672:
670:
664:
663:
659:
650:
648:
640:
639:
635:
626:
624:
616:
615:
611:
601:
599:
583:
582:
578:
568:
566:
555:
554:
545:
535:
533:
528:
527:
523:
513:
511:
502:
501:
494:
484:
482:
467:
466:
459:
446:
444:
442:
421:
420:
416:
406:
404:
402:
383:
382:
378:
368:
366:
351:
350:
339:
326:
324:
322:
301:
300:
296:
286:
284:
268:
267:
250:
240:
238:
222:
221:
217:
212:
208:
204:
175:
163:
154:Law & Order
135:Timothy McVeigh
102:
91:
63:criminal record
44:
20:Joyce Gilchrist
17:
12:
11:
5:
840:
838:
830:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
764:
763:
759:
758:
732:
706:
680:
657:
633:
609:
576:
543:
521:
492:
457:
440:
414:
400:
376:
337:
320:
294:
248:
215:
205:
203:
200:
199:
198:
192:
182:
174:
171:
162:
159:
130:
129:
125:
121:
113:
101:
98:
90:
87:
43:
40:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
839:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
767:
747:
746:The Oklahoman
743:
736:
733:
721:
717:
710:
707:
695:
691:
684:
681:
668:
661:
658:
647:
643:
637:
634:
623:
619:
613:
610:
597:
593:
592:
587:
580:
577:
565:
564:
559:
552:
550:
548:
544:
531:
525:
522:
510:
506:
499:
497:
493:
480:
476:
475:
470:
464:
462:
458:
454:
443:
441:0-425-21190-8
437:
433:
428:
427:
418:
415:
403:
401:0-06-073208-3
397:
393:
392:HarperCollins
389:
388:
380:
377:
364:
360:
359:
354:
348:
346:
344:
342:
338:
334:
323:
321:0-19-517820-3
317:
313:
308:
307:
298:
295:
282:
278:
277:
276:Time Magazine
272:
265:
263:
261:
259:
257:
255:
253:
249:
236:
232:
231:
226:
219:
216:
210:
207:
201:
196:
195:Hair analysis
193:
190:
186:
183:
180:
179:Annie Dookhan
177:
176:
172:
170:
168:
160:
158:
156:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
107:
106:
105:
99:
97:
94:
88:
86:
84:
80:
76:
70:
68:
64:
60:
55:
53:
49:
41:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
749:. Retrieved
745:
735:
723:. Retrieved
719:
709:
697:. Retrieved
694:Mental Floss
693:
683:
671:. Retrieved
660:
649:. Retrieved
645:
636:
625:. Retrieved
621:
612:
600:. Retrieved
589:
579:
567:. Retrieved
561:
534:. Retrieved
524:
512:. Retrieved
483:. Retrieved
472:
452:
445:. Retrieved
425:
417:
405:. Retrieved
386:
379:
367:. Retrieved
356:
332:
325:. Retrieved
305:
297:
285:. Retrieved
281:the original
274:
239:. Retrieved
228:
218:
209:
164:
152:
147:
131:
103:
95:
92:
71:
56:
45:
19:
18:
777:2015 deaths
772:1948 births
751:October 30,
150:12th-season
766:Categories
699:August 29,
651:2016-02-01
627:2016-02-01
202:References
128:incorrect.
124:exonerees.
110:conviction
185:Fred Zain
100:Aftermath
89:Dismissal
65:and good
42:Biography
725:28 March
596:Archived
536:July 19,
509:CBS News
479:Archived
363:Archived
235:Archived
191:evidence
189:serology
173:See also
117:Oklahoma
79:Bob Macy
32:Oklahoma
28:evidence
673:12 June
622:Findlaw
167:Houston
75:lawsuit
602:May 9,
569:May 9,
514:May 9,
485:May 9,
447:May 8,
438:
407:May 8,
398:
369:May 9,
327:May 8,
318:
287:May 9,
241:May 8,
139:firing
52:juries
161:Death
67:alibi
753:2015
727:2016
720:KOKH
701:2019
675:2018
604:2009
571:2009
538:2009
516:2009
487:2009
449:2009
436:ISBN
409:2009
396:ISBN
371:2009
329:2009
316:ISBN
289:2009
243:2009
148:The
59:rape
432:220
312:161
48:DNA
768::
744:.
718:.
692:.
644:.
620:.
588:.
560:.
546:^
507:.
495:^
471:.
460:^
451:.
434:.
394:.
390:.
355:.
340:^
331:.
314:.
273:.
251:^
233:.
227:.
755:.
729:.
703:.
677:.
654:.
630:.
606:.
573:.
540:.
518:.
489:.
411:.
373:.
291:.
245:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.