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is found. If the *@host option is used, the server must conduct a reverse DNS lookup on the user and then compare the returned host to the hosts in the Z-line list. This can result in delays, or if the DNS doesn't return correctly, banned users could still get on the network. In actuality, the *@host option is completely against the intentions of using a Z-line, and therefore some IRCd programs will not allow anything other than *@IP, with
36:
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Z-lines also work slightly differently from K-lines. Z-lines are typically set as *@IP or *@host, with the first being the better option. Z-lines do not wait for an ident response from the connecting user, but immediately close the socket once the user's IP is compared to the Z-line list and a match
595:
In practice IRC operators now use jupe configurations to administratively make channel or nicknames unavailable. A channel jupe refers to a server specific ban of a channel, which means that a specific channel cannot be joined when connected to a certain server, but other servers may allow a user to
774:
G-lines also work slightly differently from K-lines. G-lines are typically set as *@IPaddress or *@host, with the first being the better option. If the *@host option is used, the server must conduct a reverse DNS lookup on the user and then compare the returned host to the hosts in the G-line list.
762:
G-lines are a variant of K-lines, which work in much the same way, except K-lines only disconnect clients on one server of the network. G-lines are normally applied to a user who has received a K-line on one server but continues to abuse the network by connecting via a different server. G-lines are
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Operator flags are used to describe the permissions an operator is granted. While some IRC operators may be in charge of network routing, others may be in charge of network abuse, making their need for certain permissions different. Operator flags available vary widely depending on which IRC daemon
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nicknames by non-operators. Some IRC daemons may disconnect users when initially applying the Q-line, whilst others will force a nickname change, or do nothing until the user covered by the Q-line reconnects. Other IRCds, like ircd-hybrid, use the "RESV" ("reserve") command instead, with the stats
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Z-lines are sometimes stored in the configuration file of the IRCd, although some networks, who handle lines through the IRC services, prefer to have them stored in their service's configuration files. Whenever a Z-lined person attempts to connect to the IRC network, either the services or the IRC
230:
and split riding. This was not agreed on by the majority of modern IRC (EFnet, DALnet, Undernet, etc.) – and thus, 2.8 was forked into a number of different daemons using an opposing theory known as TS – or time stamping, which stored a unique time stamp with each channel or nickname on the
261:
protocols differ widely (TS5, P10, and ND/CD server protocols are incompatible), making it very difficult to "link" two separate implementations of the IRC server. Some "bridge" servers do exist, to allow linking of, for example, 2.10 servers to TS5 servers, but these are often accompanied with
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Some IRC daemons can be configured to scan for viruses or other vulnerabilities in clients connecting to them, and will react in various ways according to the result. Outdated and insecure client software might be blocked to protect other network users from vulnerabilities, for instance. Some
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and which permissions they get upon doing so. The name comes from the prefix used for the line in the original IRCd, a capital O. The O-line specifies the username, password, operator flags, and hostmask restrictions for a particular operator. A server may have many O-lines depending on the
656:), the user is banned from a certain server, either for a certain amount of time or permanently. Once the user is banned, they are not allowed back onto that server. This is recorded as a line in the server's IRC daemon configuration file prefixed with the letter "K", hence "K-line".
759:, prefer to have them stored in their service's configuration files. Whenever a G-lined person attempts to connect to the IRC network, either the services or the IRC daemon will automatically disconnect the client, often displaying a message explaining the reasoning behind the ban.
549:
protocol for server to server communications developed initially by the developers of ircd-ratbox. It has been extended by various IRC software and has the feature that proper implementations of TS6 can link to each other by using feature negotiation—even if features are disparate.
140:
originally referred to only one single piece of software, but it eventually became a generic reference to any implementation of an IRC daemon. However, the original version is still distributed under the same name, and this article discusses both uses.
468:. More recently, as a security enhancement and usability enhancement, various client and server authors have begun drafting a standard known as the STARTTLS standard which allows for TLS and plain text connections to co-exist on the same TCP port.
200:
described the kind of conversation that took place in the channel. One holdover of this is that joining channel 0 causes a client to leave all the channels it is presently on: "CHANNEL 0" being the original command to leave the current channel.
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are forced to compromise on features or vary their implementation based on the server to which they are connected. These are often implemented for the purpose of improving usability, security, separation of powers, or ease of integration with
586:. EFnet does not offer services such as NickServ; Jupiter gained control of the nickname as he (among other operators) did not believe nicknames should be owned. Today, EFnet opers jupe nicknames that are used as services on other networks.
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allowed in the IP section to block entire subnets. Another difference from K-lines (which affect only IRC clients) is if an IP is banned, nothing, not even other servers, can connect from this IP (or IP range, depending on the banmask).
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An IRC network operating multiple servers in different locales will attempt to reduce the distance between a client and a server. This is often achieved by disconnecting (and/or banning) clients from distant locales in favour of local
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often regarded as an extreme measure, only to be used in cases of repeated abuse when extensive attempts have been made to reason with the offending user. Therefore, especially on larger networks, often only very high ranking global
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There are a number of other network "lines" relating to the K-line. Modern IRC daemons will also allow IRC operators to set these lines during normal operation, where access to the server configuration file is not routinely needed.
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irc2.8 added "&channels" (those that exist only on the current server, rather than the entire network) and "!channels" (those that are theoretically safe from suffering from the many ways that a user could exploit a channel by
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Some IRC daemons, including ircd-hybrid and its descendants, can be configured to propagate K-lines to some or all other servers on a network. In such a configuration, K-lines are effectively global bans similar to G-lines.
825:
Z-lines are a variant of K-lines, which work in much the same way. Most Z-lines are "awarded" to people who abuse the network as a whole (on smaller networks, these are more frequently issued for isolated incidents).
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hostnames, it can be applied to a user before they send any data at all upon connection. Therefore, a Z-line is more efficient and uses fewer resources than a K-line or G-line when banning large numbers of users.
339:
More recently, several irc daemons were written from scratch, such as ithildin, InspIRCd, csircd (also written by Chris
Behrens), ConferenceRoom, Microsoft Exchange Chat Service, WeIRCd, or IRCPlus/IRCXPro.
343:
These attempts have met with mixed success, and large doses of skepticism from the existing IRC development community. With each new IRCd, a slightly different version of the IRC protocol is used, and many
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and EFnet TS5/TS6 protocols and implements nick and channel timestamping for handling nick collisions and netsplit channel riding, respectively. Other IRCd's that utilize this protocol extension include
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ranges of 68.0.0.0 – 68.255.255.255 and 37.0.0.0 – 38.255.255.255), a G-line could use *@*example.com, whereas Z-line would require *@37.*.*.*, *@38.*.*.*, and *@68.*.*.* to accomplish the same thing.
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since
Windows NT 3.5. The difference made by these new interfaces can be dramatic. IRCU developers have mentioned increases in the practical capacity per server from 10,000 users to 20,000 users.
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A nickname or server jupe takes advantage of the fact that certain identifiers are unique; by using an identifier, one acquires an exclusive lock that prevents other users from making use of it.
846:
One advantage to using Z-lines over K-lines and G-lines, from a server or network administrator's perspective, a Z-line uses less bandwidth than a K-line, mainly because it doesn't wait for an
592:
Officially sanctioned jupes may also utilize services or server configuration options to enforce the jupe, such as when a compromised server is juped to prevent it from harming the network.
876:. GZ-lines work in the same manner as Z-lines, except that they propagate to every server on the network. Some IRC daemons may also be configured to share Z-lines with other servers.
802:) is similar to a K-line, but applied to a client's IP address range, and is considered to be used in extreme cases. Because a Z-line does not have to check usernames (identd) or
393:
The common ports for an IRCd process are 6665 to 6669, with 6667 being the historical default. These ports can be opened by a non-superuser process, and they became widely used.
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K-lines can be given due to inappropriate behavior on the part of the user, such as "nickname colliding", mode "hacking", multiple channel flooding, harassing other users via
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network. New server-to-server protocols were introduced in version 2.10, released in 1998, and in 2.11, first released in 2004, and current as of 2007. This daemon is used by
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can gain IRC operator status using that O-line. Using hostmasks and IP addresses in the O-line requires the IP address to remain the same but provides additional security.
208:– "+channels". "+channels" were later replaced with "#channels" in version 2.7, numeric channels were removed entirely and channel bans (mode +b) were implemented.
620:
and derived from the line-based configuration file of the original IRCd, is a line of code in an IRC daemon configuration file that determines which users can become an
484:. In general, the difference between IPv6 and IPv4 connections to IRC is purely academic and the service operates in much the same manner through either protocol.
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While the precise reason for the disconnection varies from case to case, usual reasons involve some aspect of the client or the user it is issued against.
857:
A disadvantage to using Z-line over K-line or G-line is that it becomes more difficult to ban entire ISPs and very dynamic IP addresses, common with some
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protocol for server to server communications developed by the
Undernet Coder Committee to use in their ircu server software. It is similar in purpose to
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The result is that the best platforms for ircds are those that offer efficient mechanisms for handling huge numbers of connections in a single thread.
189:(WiZ on IRC) in 1988. He received help from a number of others, such as Markku Savela (msa on IRC), who helped with the 2.2+msa release, etc.
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forbids a nickname, or any nickname matching a given pattern. This is most often used to forbid use of services nicknames (such as "X", or
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Time stamping itself has been revised several times to fix various issues in its design. The latest versions of such protocols are:
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are permitted to set them, while K-lines, which are mostly regarded as a local affair, are left to the operators of the individual
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is in use. Generally, more feature rich IRC daemons tend to have more operator flags, and more traditional IRC daemons have fewer.
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Running a large IRC server, one that has more than a few thousand simultaneous users, requires keeping a very large number of
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The officially assigned port numbers are 194 ("irc"), 529 ("irc-serv"), and 994 ("ircs"). However, these ports are in the
316:. This development line produced the 4 IRC RFCs released after RFC 1459, which document this server protocol exclusively.
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133:. When the server is part of an IRC network, it also keeps one or more established connections to other servers/daemons.
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daemon will automatically disconnect the client, often displaying a message explaining the reasoning behind the ban.
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This results in delay, and, if the DNS doesn't return correct results, the banned user may still get on the network.
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In its first revisions, IRC did not have many features that are taken for granted today, such as named channels and
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or said server on the network. One possible explanation of how this term came about is that it is named after the
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Around 2.8 came the concept of nick and channel delay, a system designed to help curb abusive practices such as
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connections. For example, if a network administrator wants to ban all of ISP example.com (with hypothetical
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Client source (DMDirc) showing conditions for different servers (e.g. in function starting at line 1523)
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357:. Possibly one of the most common and visible differences is the inclusion or exclusion of the half-op
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a server, a channel, or a nickname refers to the practice of blocking said channel or nickname on the
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196:. Channels were numbered – channel 4 and channel 57, for example – and the channel
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OfficeIRC – IRC Server
Software, Web Chat, Internal Communications and Instant Messaging (IM)
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as nearly every action needs to access (at least read and possibly modify) the global state.
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507:(Internet Relay Chat eXtensions) is an extension to the IRC protocol developed by Microsoft
223:"), and is the baseline release from which nearly all current implementations are derived.
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Around version 2.7, there was a small but notable dispute, which led to ircu – the
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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restrictions of which parts of each protocol may be used, and are not widely deployed.
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letter remaining as Q. The "RESV" command can also forbid a channel from being used.
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join the channel. This is a way of banning access to problematic channels.
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purposes. There are several IRC protocol extensions for these purposes.
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While the client-to-server protocols are at least functionally similar,
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The original code base continued to be developed mainly for use on the
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2.9, 2.10, 2.11, ... continue the development of the original codebase,
60: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Diagram of derivations and relations for common IRCd implementations.
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1190:"Open Directory – Computers: Software: Internet: Servers: Chat: IRC"
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of the IRCd, although some networks, who handle K-lines through the
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884:"Q-line" redirects here. For the New York City subway service, see
460:, or TLS, for those who don't, it is still possible to use SSL via
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736:) is a global network ban applied to a user; the term comes from
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678:" etc., or in the case of older networks without timestamping,
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system means that the daemon would historically have to have
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The original IRCd was known as 'ircd', and was authored by
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Z-lines can also be global, in which case they are called
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In some IRC daemons such as ircd-hybrid, this is called a
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An O-line may also be set so that only users of a certain
287:) as 2.8/hybrid, later joined by a large development team.
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The first major change to IRC, in version 2.5, was to add
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Technical comparison of TS and nickname delay mechanisms
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2.8+th, Taner
Halicioglu's patchset, which later became
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networks will disconnect clients operating on/via open
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network to decide which was the 'correct' one to keep.
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1510:] to join juped channel ?" on EFnet forums"
242:, and Hybrid and Ratbox based servers amongst others
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1991:
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492:Large IRC networks consist of multiple servers for
578:named Jupiter, who gained control of the nickname
1506:"Reply to thread "K-lined for attemting [
436:since version 7, and from version 10 onwards has
361:status (which is not a requirement of the RFCs).
319:2.8.21+CS and Hybrid IRCd continue to be used on
625:administrative needs of the server and network.
279:Hybrid IRCd, originally developed by Jon Lusky (
110:, enabling people to talk to each other via the
118:messages in real time). It is distinct from an
1006:"RFC 2810 – Internet Relay Chat: Architecture"
938:"RFC 2810 - Internet Relay Chat: Architecture"
386:privileges in order to open them. For various
1628:
717:"G-line" redirects here. For other uses, see
8:
783:"Zline" redirects here. For other uses, see
265:Significant releases based on 2.8 included:
1592:with reasons for them, amongst other things
1347:Numerics diversity of different IRC daemons
682:, which cannot be corrected through use of
424:(since 4.1) and OpenBSD (since 2.9) offers
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1635:
1621:
1613:
405:open for long periods. Very few ircds are
122:that connects outbound to an IRC channel.
1382:"RFC 1459 – Internet Relay Chat Protocol"
1109:"RFC 1459 – Internet Relay Chat Protocol"
1059:"RFC 1459 – Internet Relay Chat Protocol"
1052:
1050:
888:. For the Detroit streetcar service, see
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
1453:
1451:
928:
269:2.8.21+CS, developed by Chris Behrens (
125:The server listens to connections from
1578:DarkFire IRC Manual (network specific)
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895:On some IRCds, such as UnrealIRCd, a
616:with a lower-case O), shortened from
420:, in kernel series newer than 2.4.x.
390:reasons this used to be undesirable.
7:
1608:GLine, KLine, QLine and ELine syntax
1336:Blog entry mentioning RFC violations
751:G-lines are sometimes stored in the
697:, or running an insecure web server.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
1169:"Search IRC, IRCD version overview"
416:offers this ability in the form of
238:the TS6 protocol, which is used by
27:Server software that implements IRC
1598:with several -line terms explained
306:http://www.irc.org/ftp/irc/server/
25:
1380:Oikarinen, J.; Reed, D. (1993).
1107:Oikarinen, J.; Reed, D. (1993).
1057:Oikarinen, J.; Reed, D. (1993).
886:Q (New York City Subway service)
545:protocol is an extension to the
520:protocol is an extension to the
153:
34:
1242:History of IRC, Daniel Stenberg
45:needs additional citations for
1583:Undernet K-Line and G-Line FAQ
744:a similar concept known as an
452:TLS (Transport Layer Security)
1:
1530:"Freenode, Using the network"
918:Internet Relay Chat services
608:(frequently also spelled as
378:range (0–1024), which on a
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1554:IRC Operator Version 1.1.2
1483:beware's P10 documentation
883:
782:
716:
314:GNU General Public License
2206:
2168:Mozilla Application Suite
1651:
162:This section needs to be
480:, and some also support
458:Transport Layer Security
440:(I/O Completion Ports).
246:
1568:irc.org – IRC resources
719:G-line (disambiguation)
304:and it can be found at
253:and ircu based servers.
2156:Web browser components
1494:ircu P10 documentation
1411:Cite journal requires
1231:IRC History on IRC.org
1192:. Dmoz.org. 2010-02-26
1138:Cite journal requires
1088:Cite journal requires
1035:Cite journal requires
986:IRC Server Request FAQ
967:Cite journal requires
336:
1656:Comparison of clients
334:
312:, licensed under the
308:The original ircd is
2182:Library and plug-ins
1968:Microsoft Comic Chat
1602:Quakenet General FAQ
476:IRC daemons support
103:that implements the
94:Internet Relay Chat
54:improve this article
2173:Mozilla Thunderbird
1644:Internet Relay Chat
1431:"STARTTLS standard"
1211:"IRCD – the server"
1157:IRCD FAQ on irc.org
903:) or forbid use of
836:CIDR prefix lengths
700:Geographic location
547:Internet Relay Chat
522:Internet Relay Chat
327:Sidestream versions
283:) and Diane Bruce (
249:, which is used by
1588:2008-04-01 at the
1384:. Tools.ietf.org.
1111:. Tools.ietf.org.
1061:. Tools.ietf.org.
1008:. Tools.ietf.org.
991:2009-04-22 at the
940:. Tools.ietf.org.
814:(deny line) or an
753:configuration file
494:horizontal scaling
456:Some IRCd support
337:
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1951:Microsoft Windows
1726:Related protocols
1004:Kalt, C. (2000).
936:Kalt, C. (2000).
686:privileges alone.
672:private messaging
221:riding a netsplit
194:channel operators
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16:(Redirected from
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1896:Jarkko Oikarinen
1886:List of commands
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187:Jarkko Oikarinen
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43:This section
41:
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32:
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19:
2035:Konversation
1706:
1665:Common terms
1549:
1538:. Retrieved
1534:the original
1524:
1513:. Retrieved
1507:
1500:
1489:
1478:
1458:
1439:. Retrieved
1435:the original
1425:
1404:cite journal
1393:. Retrieved
1375:
1364:
1353:
1342:
1331:
1320:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:the original
1295:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:the original
1270:
1264:Inspire IRCd
1259:
1248:
1237:
1226:
1215:. Retrieved
1205:
1194:. Retrieved
1184:
1173:. Retrieved
1163:
1152:
1131:cite journal
1120:. Retrieved
1102:
1081:cite journal
1070:. Retrieved
1028:cite journal
1017:. Retrieved
999:
981:
960:cite journal
949:. Retrieved
931:
905:IRC operator
896:
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873:
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850:response or
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757:IRC services
750:
733:
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707:
680:split riding
662:
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631:
627:
622:IRC operator
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247:P10 protocol
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197:
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174:January 2015
171:
163:
137:
135:
129:on a set of
124:
114:(exchanging
93:
92:, short for
89:
87:
72:
63:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
18:K-line (IRC)
2080:Quassel IRC
1799:Libera Chat
674:features, "
652:(short for
531:beware ircd
397:Connections
346:IRC clients
127:IRC clients
2111:Miranda NG
1983:Visual IRC
1891:Subculture
1870:UnrealIRCd
1843:Technology
1682:DoS attack
1540:2007-02-25
1515:2013-03-13
1441:2008-07-20
1395:2010-03-03
1311:2009-03-26
1286:2020-01-20
1217:2010-03-03
1213:. Funet.fi
1196:2010-03-03
1175:2010-03-03
1122:2010-03-03
1072:2010-03-03
1019:2010-03-03
951:2010-03-03
924:References
867:IP address
748:was used.
638:IP address
488:Clustering
376:privileged
2163:ChatZilla
2130:Web-based
2096:Centericq
1992:Unix-like
1789:GameSurge
1596:EFnet FAQ
1473:, pp. 371
1459:IRC hacks
834:(?,*) or
832:wildcards
654:kill line
434:/dev/poll
384:superuser
380:Unix-like
228:takeovers
136:The term
131:TCP ports
2222:Category
2209:Category
2121:Trillian
2089:Multi-IM
2045:LeafChat
1978:Shareaza
1937:Linkinus
1919:Colloquy
1879:See also
1834:Undernet
1824:SlashNET
1809:QuakeNet
1784:Freenode
1767:Networks
1738:MSN Chat
1717:Takeover
1712:Services
1697:Operator
1692:Netsplit
1604:G/K-Line
1586:Archived
1465:, 2004,
1369:IANA.org
1301:"WeIRCd"
989:Archived
912:See also
901:NickServ
874:GZ-lines
854:lookup.
840:e.g. /8)
804:resolved
796:zap line
738:Undernet
676:spamming
634:hostmask
580:NickServ
432:has had
388:security
365:Features
355:services
251:Undernet
213:Undernet
112:Internet
108:protocol
2137:CGI:IRC
2101:Empathy
2070:HexChat
2065:WeeChat
2055:Nettalk
1958:Bersirc
1905:Clients
1860:BitlBee
1855:Infobot
1850:Eggdrop
1829:Snoonet
779:Z-line
740:but on
695:proxies
650:k-lined
614:o:lines
600:O-line
572:network
462:Stunnel
442:Windows
430:Solaris
422:FreeBSD
285:Dianora
271:Comstud
164:updated
145:History
120:IRC bot
116:textual
2147:Mibbit
2116:Pidgin
2106:Kopete
2025:BitchX
1819:RusNet
1794:IRCnet
1774:DALnet
1702:Script
1469:
897:Q-line
880:Q-line
859:dialup
816:X-line
812:D-line
800:Z:line
792:Z-line
785:Z-line
769:server
742:DALnet
734:G:line
726:G-line
713:G-line
644:K-line
610:O:line
606:O-line
568:server
564:Juping
426:kqueue
302:IRCnet
298:IRCnet
281:Rodder
96:daemon
2194:rcirc
2142:PJIRC
2075:PJIRC
2060:Smuxi
2040:KVIrc
2030:Irssi
2020:Ayttm
1999:ircII
1973:PIRCH
1932:Ircle
1927:Homer
1912:macOS
1814:Rizon
1779:EFnet
1758:Ident
1687:Flood
1646:(IRC)
890:QLine
848:ident
746:AKill
704:ones.
584:EFnet
418:epoll
414:Linux
370:Ports
321:EFnet
240:EFnet
198:topic
99:, is
2050:naim
1963:mIRC
1942:Snak
1923:Fire
1804:OFTC
1753:XDCC
1743:CTCP
1733:IRCX
1707:IRCd
1467:ISBN
1417:help
1144:help
1094:help
1041:help
973:help
861:and
576:oper
559:Jupe
541:The
526:IRCX
516:The
505:IRCX
500:IRCX
482:IPv6
478:IPv4
466:6697
446:IOCP
438:IOCP
350:bots
348:and
245:the
138:ircd
90:IRCd
2228:IRC
2189:ERC
1865:ZNC
1748:DCC
1677:Bot
1672:BNC
1508:sic
1386:doi
1113:doi
1063:doi
1010:doi
942:doi
863:DSL
852:DNS
794:or
728:or
636:or
604:An
582:on
570:or
543:TS6
537:TS6
518:P10
512:P10
105:IRC
88:An
56:by
2224::
2004:Ii
1461:,
1450:^
1408::
1406:}}
1402:{{
1135::
1133:}}
1129:{{
1085::
1083:}}
1079:{{
1049:^
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1026:{{
964::
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958:{{
818:.
790:A
724:A
533:.
428:.
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73:(
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64:(
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
