713:
520:
693:
662:
33:
47:
681:
65:
474:
931:
The genera of diurnal
Lepidoptera, comprising their generic characters, a notice of their habitats and transformations, and a catalogue of the species of each genus; illustrated with 86 plates by W. C. Hewitson. Volume I: Containing the Families Papilionidæ, Pieridæ, Ageronidæ, Danaidæ, Heliconidæ,
493:
The undersides of the wings of both sexes are highly variable and no two specimens are exactly alike. However, the colors are always those of dead leaves like gray, brown, red, olive green, or pale yellow. They exhibit extraordinary representations of the various features found in decaying leaves.
485:
have been described as extremely beautiful. They possess oblique bright orange bands (fascia) on the upper surfaces of their forewings, the inner borders of which terminate at the lower corner of the forewings. The areas below the orange bands and the entire upper surface of the hindwings are a
633:
The upper surfaces of its large wings are quite vivid and striking, and they are very easily spotted when in flight. However, as soon as the butterfly alights, almost always among dead leaves, it becomes virtually invisible due to its remarkable
539:. From this line are fainter lines radiating forwards and resembling the secondary venation of leaves. Part of it is achieved through markings, and part through the incorporation of the actual venation of the wing. The head and the
1012:
712:
489:
The females lack the bright coloration of the males. Their upper surfaces are generally a rusty brown. They also possess broad oblique bands on their forewings, but these are white. The tips of the forewings are hooked.
692:
543:
fit exactly into the curve of the closed upper wings so as not to interfere with the outline. The resulting minor irregularities themselves resemble the wrinkled edges of withered leaves.
502:
growth are so realistic that observers may be tricked into thinking that the butterfly itself is being attacked by actual fungi. Also on the wings are small and oval scaleless areas (
606:. They are more commonly seen feeding on rotten fruit. The adults usually use the same perch while waiting for potential mates, flying off briefly and returning to the same spot.
625:, Wallace describes it as "the most wonderful and undoubted case of protective resemblance in a butterfly". He vividly describes his experiences trying to catch specimens of
661:
535:. Running through the middle of both forewings and hindwings is a line, dark on one side and light on the other, representing the shaded and illuminated sides of a leaf
1448:
809:
1474:
1157:
638:. Even when staring right at the spot where it seemed to disappear, one generally was unable to see it until it began flying again a few moments later.
1422:
1530:
680:
419:
The species is commonly known as the "Indian leafwing", though it is not found in India. It may be because its native range was once known as the
1520:
527:
shows one with wings folded and almost indistinguishable from the dead leaves, and one with wings outstretched showing brilliant colors.
519:
1461:
1288:
1263:
1167:
437:. It is also sometimes known as the "Malaysian dead leaf" or "Malayan leafwing", which is also misleading since it is not found in
1196:
1156:
Alfred Russel
Wallace (1870). "Mimicry, and Other Protective Resemblances Among Animals". In Alfred Russel Wallace (ed.).
1525:
909:
531:
The tips of the forewings are pointed, while the tips of the hindwings extend into a short narrow tail, resembling leaf
1253:
1383:
699:
1479:
1305:
64:
32:
1173:
949:
46:
1071:
719:
307:
1326:
1466:
1364:
1388:
953:
621:
616:
429:) found in India and throughout tropical eastern Asia was at times confused and previously considered a
312:
303:
159:
668:
1409:
448:
1515:
212:
59:
1453:
911:
A Catalogue of the
Lepidopterous Insects in the Museum of the Hon. East-India Company, Volume I
299:
to a dead leaf when its wings are folded. It was one of the species encountered by the
British
1487:
1396:
1284:
1259:
1192:
1163:
741:
643:
540:
506:
453:
443:
321:
891:
A Descriptive
Catalogue of the Lepidopterous Insects Contained in the Museum of East India Co
1492:
1090:
532:
401:
397:
359:
176:
1213:
594:
425:
345:
1114:
Darwinism, an
Exposition of the Theory of Natural Selection with Some of its Applications
1112:
929:
1094:
647:
1509:
991:
974:
889:
776:
588:
405:
1133:
1401:
755:
748:
423:; or it might be because the similarly colored and closely related orange oakleaf (
366:
1435:
1358:
867:"Butterflies and Moths in Nabokov's Published Writings. Alphabetical Order: F-K"
866:
769:
420:
362:
355:
268:
252:
126:
116:
1349:
957:
1230:
635:
613:
473:
430:
394:
374:
317:
300:
1039:
559:
413:
390:
352:
348:
292:
255:
96:
76:
836:
477:
Individual with wings folded, showing its remarkable resemblance to a leaf.
1375:
1343:
703:
438:
276:
1427:
762:
723:
575:
555:
503:
340:
296:
288:
280:
263:
248:
136:
1440:
672:
603:
536:
510:
495:
106:
86:
1320:
1159:
Contributions to the Theory of
Natural Selection. A Series of Essays
295:. Like other members of its genus, it is remarkable for its strong
727:
518:
513:
499:
472:
336:
272:
259:
976:
The
Naturalist in Nicaragua with an Introduction by Anthony Belt
567:
494:
Patterns like blotches, dark spots, and powdery dots resembling
409:
284:
1414:
1324:
1279:
Alexander Steven Corbet & Henry
Maurice Pendlebury (1993).
979:. Everyman's Library. J.M. Dent & Sons, Ltd. pp. xvii.
509:) that look like transparent "windows" and mimic holes left by
400:
in 1829. The female was described in 1850 by the entomologist
1215:
Entomology, with
Special Reference to its Ecological Aspects
1083:
Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London
1072:"Descriptions of the species of the Lepidopterous genus
993:
The Butterflies of India, Burmah and Ceylon. Volume II
935:. Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans. p. 208.
928:
Edward Doubleday & John O. Westwood (1846–1850).
1255:
Infinite Tropics: An Alfred Russel Wallace Anthology
1333:
1189:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World
686:
Female, underside, also from the Muséum de Toulouse
612:was made famous in the 19th century by the British
1128:Grace Wickham Curran (1902). "The Leaf Butterfly (
310:. It is mentioned in his famous 19th-century work
385:. The male of the species was first described as
835:Takashi ShirĂ´zu & Akinori Nakanishi (1984).
1313:. American Audubon Association. pp. 53–54.
631:
996:. The Calcutta Central Press, Co. p. 259.
962:. D. Appleton & Company. pp. 135–136.
908:Thomas Horsfield & Frederic Moore (1857).
8:
1258:. London/New York: Verso. pp. 145–146.
1191:. Salamander Books Ltd. pp. 59, 61–63.
1106:
1104:
903:
901:
869:. A Guide to Nabokov's Butterflies and Moths
642:Wallace used the butterfly as an example of
481:The upper surfaces of the wings of the male
1218:. P. Blakiston's Son & Co. p. 194.
923:
921:
1321:
1229:Martin Dungan (1883). J.E. Harting (ed.).
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
316:as one of the best examples of protective
45:
31:
20:
1283:. Malaysian Nature Society. p. 158.
1065:
1063:
1061:
944:
942:
860:
858:
523:A 1902 illustration of two specimens of
1304:H.B. Shinn (1914). "The Insect Tribe".
973:Thomas Belt (1874). Ernest Rhys (ed.).
816:. Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
789:
657:
1281:The Butterflies of the Malay Peninsula
1007:
1005:
1003:
1117:. Macmillan and Co. pp. 207–208.
841:Doubleday (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)"
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
7:
1307:Nature Neighbors. Volume V – Animals
932:Acræidæ, and part of the Nymphalidæ
1132:)". In William Kerr Higley (ed.).
1095:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1879.tb01976.x
570:, Indonesia; while the subspecies
14:
1138:. A.W. Mumford. pp. 131–132.
1046:. Butterflies of Malaysia, PBase
711:
691:
679:
660:
63:
486:brilliant deep blue to purple.
1531:Taxa named by Thomas Horsfield
1111:Alfred Russel Wallace (1889).
358:in the brush-footed butterfly
1:
1521:Butterflies described in 1829
1212:Justus Watson Folsom (1922).
1135:Birds and Nature. Volume XII
990:Lionel de Nicéville (1886).
408:of both were recovered from
1042:Kallima limborgii amplirufa
1019:. Missouri Botanical Garden
564:Kallima paralekta paralekta
463:Kallima paralekta amplirufa
457:, was once included within
454:Kallima limborgii amplirufa
379:Kallima paralekta paralekta
373:. The species contains two
193:Kallima paralekta paralekta
1547:
698:Male, upperside, from the
646:in support of Wallace and
619:. In his influential book
572:Kallima paralekta tribonia
447:found in the northwest of
441:. However a subspecies of
383:Kallima paralekta tribonia
201:Kallima paralekta tribonia
888:Thomas Horsfield (1829).
837:"A revision of the genus
218:
211:
189:
184:
165:
158:
60:Scientific classification
58:
53:
44:
39:
30:
23:
950:Charles Frederick Holder
667:Female, underside, from
650:'s theory of evolution.
335:is classified under the
1070:Frederic Moore (1879).
720:Collodi Butterfly House
308:maritime Southeast Asia
1231:"Notices of New Books"
640:
602:rarely feed on flower
528:
478:
1252:Andrew Berry (2002).
1176:on November 23, 2010.
1044:(The Leaf Butterfly)"
954:Joseph Bassett Holder
622:The Malay Archipelago
617:Alfred Russel Wallace
522:
476:
313:The Malay Archipelago
304:Alfred Russel Wallace
271:, it is not found in
700:Jardin des Papillons
16:Species of butterfly
1526:Butterflies of Java
1187:Paul Smart (1975).
1162:. pp. 45–129.
959:Elements of Zoölogy
586:The larvae feed on
449:Peninsular Malaysia
865:Dieter E. Zimmer.
718:Specimen from the
669:Muséum de Toulouse
529:
479:
344:(oakleafs) of the
306:in his travels in
54:Female, upperside
1503:
1502:
1488:Open Tree of Life
1365:Kallima paralekta
1335:Kallima paralekta
1327:Taxon identifiers
1130:Kallima paralekta
1015:Kallima paralekta
644:natural selection
627:Kallima paralekta
610:Kallima paralekta
600:Kallima paralekta
566:is only found in
562:. The subspecies
552:Kallima paralekta
525:Kallima paralekta
483:Kallima paralekta
459:Kallima paralekta
444:Kallima limborgii
435:Kallima paralekta
333:Kallima paralekta
322:natural selection
320:achieved through
236:Kallima paralekta
232:
231:
226:
205:
204:Fruhstorfer, 1910
197:
169:Kallima paralekta
151:K. paralekta
25:Kallima paralekta
1538:
1496:
1495:
1483:
1482:
1470:
1469:
1457:
1456:
1444:
1443:
1431:
1430:
1418:
1417:
1405:
1404:
1392:
1391:
1379:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1322:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1237:. Third Series.
1226:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1172:. Archived from
1153:
1140:
1139:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1080:
1067:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1024:
1009:
998:
997:
987:
981:
980:
970:
964:
963:
946:
937:
936:
925:
916:
915:
905:
896:
895:
885:
879:
878:
876:
874:
862:
853:
852:
832:
826:
825:
823:
821:
814:Doubleday, 1849"
805:
715:
695:
683:
664:
402:John O. Westwood
398:Thomas Horsfield
389:by the American
387:Paphia paralekta
245:Malayan leafwing
224:
222:Paphia paralekta
203:
195:
171:
68:
67:
49:
40:Male, upperside
35:
21:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1478:
1473:
1465:
1460:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1434:
1426:
1421:
1413:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1387:
1382:
1374:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1329:
1319:
1318:
1310:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1266:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1199:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1170:
1155:
1154:
1143:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1059:
1049:
1047:
1037:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1001:
989:
988:
984:
972:
971:
967:
948:
947:
940:
927:
926:
919:
907:
906:
899:
887:
886:
882:
872:
870:
864:
863:
856:
834:
833:
829:
819:
817:
808:Markku Savela.
807:
806:
791:
786:
737:
730:
716:
707:
696:
687:
684:
675:
665:
656:
598:species. Adult
595:Pseuderanthemum
584:
549:
471:
426:Kallima inachus
330:
241:Indian leafwing
180:
173:
167:
154:
62:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1544:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1508:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1484:
1471:
1458:
1445:
1432:
1419:
1406:
1393:
1380:
1370:
1355:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1325:
1317:
1316:
1296:
1289:
1271:
1264:
1244:
1221:
1204:
1197:
1179:
1168:
1141:
1120:
1100:
1057:
1030:
999:
982:
965:
938:
917:
914:. p. 208.
897:
880:
854:
827:
788:
787:
785:
782:
781:
780:
773:
766:
759:
752:
745:
736:
733:
732:
731:
717:
710:
708:
697:
690:
688:
685:
678:
676:
666:
659:
655:
652:
583:
580:
548:
545:
470:
467:
406:type specimens
329:
326:
267:. Despite its
230:
229:
228:
227:
216:
215:
209:
208:
207:
206:
198:
187:
186:
182:
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174:
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148:
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134:
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119:
114:
110:
109:
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94:
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89:
84:
80:
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69:
56:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1543:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1366:
1360:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1309:
1308:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1290:9789839681055
1286:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1267:
1265:9781859846520
1261:
1257:
1256:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1235:The Zoologist
1232:
1225:
1222:
1217:
1216:
1208:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1169:9780511693106
1165:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1075:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1045:
1043:
1034:
1031:
1018:
1016:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1000:
995:
994:
986:
983:
978:
977:
969:
966:
961:
960:
955:
951:
945:
943:
939:
934:
933:
924:
922:
918:
913:
912:
904:
902:
898:
893:
892:
884:
881:
868:
861:
859:
855:
850:
846:
842:
840:
831:
828:
815:
813:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
790:
783:
779:
778:
777:Precis tugela
774:
772:
771:
767:
765:
764:
760:
758:
757:
753:
751:
750:
746:
744:
743:
739:
738:
734:
729:
725:
721:
714:
709:
705:
701:
694:
689:
682:
677:
674:
670:
663:
658:
653:
651:
649:
645:
639:
637:
630:
629:in Sumatra:
628:
624:
623:
618:
615:
611:
607:
605:
601:
597:
596:
591:
590:
589:Strobilanthes
581:
579:
578:, Indonesia.
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
546:
544:
542:
538:
534:
526:
521:
517:
515:
512:
508:
505:
501:
497:
491:
487:
484:
475:
468:
466:
464:
460:
456:
455:
450:
446:
445:
440:
436:
432:
428:
427:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:of the genus
368:
364:
361:
357:
354:
350:
347:
343:
342:
338:
334:
327:
325:
323:
319:
315:
314:
309:
305:
302:
298:
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286:
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278:
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261:
257:
254:
250:
246:
242:
238:
237:
223:
220:
219:
217:
214:
210:
202:
199:
196:(Horsfield, )
194:
191:
190:
188:
183:
178:
172:
170:
164:
161:
160:Binomial name
157:
153:
152:
147:
144:
143:
140:
139:
135:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
111:
108:
105:
102:
101:
98:
95:
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91:
88:
85:
82:
81:
78:
75:
72:
71:
66:
61:
57:
52:
48:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
1334:
1306:
1299:
1280:
1274:
1254:
1247:
1238:
1234:
1224:
1214:
1207:
1188:
1182:
1174:the original
1158:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1113:
1086:
1082:
1073:
1048:. Retrieved
1041:
1033:
1021:. Retrieved
1014:
992:
985:
975:
968:
958:
930:
910:
890:
883:
871:. Retrieved
851:(3): 97–110.
848:
844:
838:
830:
818:. Retrieved
811:
775:
768:
761:
756:Doleschallia
754:
749:Coenophlebia
747:
740:
641:
632:
626:
620:
609:
608:
599:
593:
587:
585:
574:is found in
571:
563:
551:
550:
547:Distribution
530:
524:
492:
488:
482:
480:
462:
458:
452:
442:
434:
424:
418:
386:
382:
378:
370:
367:type species
365:. It is the
339:
332:
331:
311:
269:common names
262:
253:brush-footed
244:
240:
235:
234:
233:
221:
200:
192:
168:
166:
150:
149:
137:
24:
18:
1436:iNaturalist
1359:Wikispecies
1089:(1): 9–15.
770:Kallimoides
516:on leaves.
469:Description
421:East Indies
363:Nymphalidae
356:Nymphalinae
297:resemblance
225:Horsfield,
185:Subspecies
127:Nymphalidae
117:Lepidoptera
1510:Categories
1241:: 134–144.
1198:0861011015
1050:August 13,
1038:L.C. Goh.
1023:August 13,
873:August 13,
820:August 13,
784:References
636:camouflage
614:naturalist
498:and other
431:subspecies
395:naturalist
375:subspecies
318:camouflage
301:naturalist
97:Arthropoda
1516:Kallimini
845:TyĂ´ to Ga
560:Indonesia
414:Indonesia
391:physician
353:subfamily
349:Kallimini
293:Indonesia
279:, but is
256:butterfly
177:Horsfield
145:Species:
83:Kingdom:
77:Eukaryota
1462:LepIndex
1454:11309812
1373:BioLib:
1350:Q3006846
1344:Wikidata
956:(1886).
735:See also
706:, France
704:Hunawihr
541:antennae
533:petioles
439:Malaysia
328:Taxonomy
277:Malaysia
213:Synonyms
123:Family:
93:Phylum:
87:Animalia
73:Domain:
1428:1909620
1074:Kallima
839:Kallima
812:Kallima
763:Junonia
724:Tuscany
654:Gallery
582:Ecology
576:Sumatra
556:endemic
504:hyaline
371:Kallima
341:Kallima
289:Sumatra
281:endemic
264:Kallima
258:of the
249:species
247:, is a
138:Kallima
133:Genus:
113:Order:
107:Insecta
103:Class:
1493:858534
1480:191428
1467:158485
1441:548802
1415:160334
1376:128919
1287:
1262:
1195:
1166:
952:&
673:France
648:Darwin
604:nectar
537:midrib
514:larvae
511:insect
500:fungal
496:mildew
404:. The
360:family
239:, the
1449:IRMNG
1402:3QZ87
1389:26847
1311:(PDF)
1079:(PDF)
742:Anaea
728:Italy
507:spots
346:tribe
337:genus
273:India
260:genus
1475:NCBI
1423:GBIF
1384:BOLD
1285:ISBN
1260:ISBN
1193:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1052:2012
1025:2012
875:2012
822:2012
592:and
568:Java
410:Java
393:and
381:and
287:and
285:Java
1410:EoL
1397:CoL
1091:doi
722:of
702:of
558:to
554:is
461:as
433:of
291:of
283:to
275:or
251:of
243:or
179:, )
1512::
1490::
1477::
1464::
1451::
1438::
1425::
1412::
1399::
1386::
1361::
1346::
1233:.
1144:^
1103:^
1087:27
1085:.
1081:.
1060:^
1002:^
941:^
920:^
900:^
857:^
849:34
847:.
843:.
792:^
726:,
671:,
465:.
451:,
416:.
412:,
377:,
351:,
324:.
1293:.
1268:.
1239:7
1201:.
1097:.
1093::
1076:"
1054:.
1040:"
1027:.
1017:"
1013:"
894:.
877:.
824:.
810:"
175:(
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