3948:, the upper forelimb may have been able to swing with much greater force, while also providing greater stability against gravity and thus improving the animals ability to perform the crocodilian high walk, the mode of locomotion during which crocodiles lift their body off the ground. Additionally, these factors may also increase stride-length and walking speed. The change to the deltapectoral crest could have advantages for swimming, allowing the limbs to better resist the drag during the recovery stroke. Furthermore, the shortening of the humeral shaft may have also come with advantages, although this is less clear due to the fact that no material of the lower forelimb has been described yet, making it ambiguous how the musculature of the lower and upper arm would connect. Regardless, it is possible that the shortening could have brought the musculature into a more proximal position, which would mean that the lower limbs would have exerted less force while walking or swimming, allowing the animal to swing the lower limb faster.
3964:, based on material collected from Tingamarra, were described by Stein and colleagues in 2017 and feature a robust ilium similar to what is seen in modern alligators and gharials, but with notably shallower peduncles (the parts of the ilium that connect to the other bones of the hip). The joint for the femur is shallowly concave and the postacetabular process, the section of the ilium behind this joint, lacks the constriction seen in modern crocodiles. Otherwise the ilium does not differ significantly for what is seen in other Eusuchians. This morphotype is designated "pelvic form one" by Stein and colleagues and differs in its morphology from fossils found in the Rundle Formation that may pertain to another species of
3904:, shows several circular pits arranged in a linear fashion, which is in line with the bite marks left by a crocodilian. The amount of tooth marks present on the plastron indicates that the individual that tried to eat the turtle bit it several times, behaviour that would match the "juggling" performed by modern crocodiles. "Juggling" in this case describes the act of repeatedly biting prey like turtles in order to change its orientation, helping to align it either with the teeth or to make it easier to swallow. However, it is believed that in this instance the crocodile was overambitious, as the plastron's width and thickness would be too great for the average
4083:. Salisbury and Molnar suggest that, if not ecologically different, the two species may have differed in their habitat preferences and possibly wouldn't have crossed paths under normal circumstances. They point out that the fossil site near Murgon shows signs of having undergone both dry and wet periods, with the former greatly reducing the present bodies of water. A drought could have driven one of the species from their natural habitat and forced them to look for sanctuary in water that would otherwise be home to the other form. Somewhat similar circumstances may have led to the creation of the bonebed that preserves the fossils of
820:
4120:
4091:
large, adult males prefer deeper open waters. This could explain why the Murgon site primarily preserves large individuals alongside some remains of eggs and hatchlings, with only few animals of intermediate size. Such subadults may have lived largely separate from adults in so called "stockyards", as they would pose a threat to small hatchlings while themselves being threatened by cannibalistic adult males. This could explain why the Murgon site primarily preserves large individuals alongside some remains of eggs and hatchlings, with only few animals of intermediate size.
4064:
6746:
6741:
5901:
157:
3881:
1001:, which had been studied and compared to the equivalent bones in saltwater and freshwater crocodiles. In both of these modern forms, the deltopectoral crest is offset medially from the lateral margin of the shaft. The apex of the crest is also directed medially, which essentially places it just above the midline of the shaft. The deltapectoral crest sits at a right angle relative to the ventral face of the humeral shaft. However, in
4056:. Both species are known from a single fossil site near Murgon, with the remains being intermingled with one another, suggesting they occurred in the same environment at the time of their deaths. Morphologically, both species share a variety of similarities and differences. Both are semi-aquatic animals with platyrostral snouts and both are believed to have reached similar lengths. The two however differ in that
831:
5906:
3973:
131:
603:
3817:
938:. Around the seventh and eight dentary teeth, as well as from the twelfth to seventeenth, the teeth appear to have interlocked. However, the tenth to twelfth teeth of the dentary are confluent, meaning they are too closely spaced to interlock with those of the upper jaw, necessitating an overbite in this area. This clearly sets it apart from all other species of
983:
1025:, the dorsal and ventral faces are compressed, which in turn lengthens the medial and lateral condyles, while also directing these surfaces towards the midline. The profile of the distal end is subsequently hexagonal. Profile and size of the medial and lateral condyles in saltwater and freshwater crocodiles are nearly identical, but very different in
4020:, is mentioned, but cannot be fully confirmed due to the poor preservation of that particular element. Simultaneously, Buchanan notes that the skeletal is not any more specialised in aquatic life than that of modern crocodilians either, suggesting a similarly generalized semi-aquatic mode of life. Finally, it is pointed out that the
903:
interlocking teeth in some areas and a slight overlap further back in the jaw. The enlarged fifth tooth of the maxilla does however occupy more space, with its pit being set much further laterally than any of the others. Regardless, this clearly sets not just the skulls but also the dentaries apart from those assigned to
559:, named in 2009 by Lucas A. Buchanan. Although the type description is limited to the skull material (two crania and a lower jaw), which is easily comparable to the previously established species, Buchanan takes note of a "considerable amount" of postcranial remains. These remains were partly described in a
4152:
attacked members of their own species. Such behavior is commonly seen in extant crocodilians and even recorded in a multitude of fossils. Crocodilians often attack limb bones, which would explain the fractures seen on the pathological humerus and metatarsals. The high number of individuals present at
3912:. A costal scute of what is thought to be the same individual has also been recovered, also showing signs of a crocodile bite, some healing and infection. While this suggests that turtles, which were a readily available food source, were fed on at least occasionally, it does not necessarily mean that
957:
All teeth are slightly compressed side to side and possess distinct carinae (cutting edges), but are not ziphodont like in some later mekosuchines. Both this compression and the development of the edges is strongest towards the front of the jaw and gradually grows weaker further back in the toothrow,
887:
differ significantly, as neither preserve fully overlapping dentition. Instead, distinct occlusal pits reveal that the teeth slid in between each other when the jaw was closed. This means that the teeth of these two species would interlock in a fashion much more similar to what is observed in species
3836:
was a semi-aquatic generalist. One method to determine the details of such a lifestyle may be found in the way the teeth of these crocodilians occlude with another, although the specifics of this are still poorly understood. One hypothesis by
Charles C. Mook proposed that an overbite in crocodilians
4157:
bonebed lends itself well to this hypothesis as well, with the crowded nature of the area leading to increased aggression between its residents. In both cases, the injured animal survived and healed. The osteomyelitis of NMV P227802 meanwhile was caused by a bacterial infection causing necrosis and
4090:
It is also possible that the animals were typically kept apart not by preferences unique to the two species but through preferences based on size, age and sex. In modern saltwater crocodiles, the ranges of nesting females and juveniles often overlap upriver or in areas of denser vegetation, whereas
3856:
Another important factor that differentiates the ecology of the various species is the development of the retroarticular process. The retroarticular process serves as an attachment site for important jaw adductor and abductor muscles and is subsequently of great importance in capturing and subduing
4132:
and subsequently formed a callus, a growth of cancellous bone, during healing. Another specimen represents a series of metatarsals, toe bones, which were fractured during the animal's life and then fused into a single element as it healed, with the individual elements rotating due to the continued
4031:
seemingly displays a combination of adaptions for both semi-aquatic and somewhat terrestrial life, with the limbs suggesting a superior ability to walk on land relative to modern forms, whereas the shape and form of the skull are indicative of a semi-aquatic ambush hunting lifestyle not unlike the
1005:
things are notably different. Neither the deltapectoral crest nor its apex are directed medially, with the crest as a whole being just above the lateral margin of the shaft and the apex being directed ventrally. The right angle formed by the crest and shaft however remains. This is associated with
442:
at Murgon. It is unclear how exactly these two species differed in their niche, but they did differ notably in their anatomy, with the latter being slightly more gracile and with interlocking teeth. It is also possible that the two species didn't coexist at all, but instead were driven together by
421:
is poorly understood. The general shape of the skull, which is flattened, and the environment the fossils were deposited in, all suggest that they were semi-aquatic ambush predators like modern crocodilians. However, subtle differences in the postcranial remains, especially the limb bones, suggest
3955:
is an additional point of consideration. The olecranon fossa and the articular surface of the humerus both suggest a wider range of motion than in saltwater and freshwater crocodiles, but especially the former would require the description of the lower arm to verify this conclusion. The increased
902:
clearly interlock with each other based on the presence of the aforementioned occlusal pits between the individual tooth sockets up to the ninth tooth of the upper jaw. After this point, the pits are located further medially. This is also confirmed by the pits present in the lower jaw, indicating
3968:
or possibly a different genus altogether. Assuming the former, the Rundle fossils ("pelvic form two") feature much deeper peduncles which are shared with younger mekosuchines from the
Oligocene and Miocene, but lack the specific expansion of the pubic peduncle seen in later taxa. Additionally,
3790:
with its intermediate form, various undetermined crocodilians of the time with interlocking teeth and phylogenetic analysis all seem to suggest that the genus actually began with interlocking dentition, acquiring the overbite later. Recent phylogenies consistently point towards
860:
differs significantly and is used to set them apart. Generally, three different morphologies can be observed, with the difference being primarily expressed through how the upper and lower toothrow interact with one another. As in many other crocodilians, the dental margin of
511:
The mid 1980s saw the discovery of mammal remains in the area, leading to increased study and revised dating. This new-found attention led to the discovery of several additional crocodilian fossils, including a largely complete skull (QM F21115) collected in 1991. The genus
4075:, Salisbury and Willis argue that the difference in head shape was of little value to their respective ecologies. They suggest that the differences are so minor that they are effectively still the same ecomorph, which they determine may have been similar to that of today's
532:
seemingly showed a high degree of variation among its fossils, in particular regarding the better preserved lower jaws. For this reason, it was suggested that the fossils could belong to multiple species of a single genus. This was confirmed when a second species,
3841:
of mammalian predators, being used to break and slice. This would then suggest that interlocking dentition may be better suited when having to restrain large, struggling prey, requiring greater force that would be more evenly spread out across the toothrow.
434:. While this could suggest that it was faster on land than living crocodilians, it does not necessarily mean that it was terrestrial like some later mekosuchines are thought to have been. Another question regarding its ecology is posed by the coexistence of
3928:
is typically regarded as such a semi-aquatic animal, which would be supported by the environment it was found in. While the skull displays no particular adaptations that would suggest any degree of terrestriality, as is the case in mekosuchines like
4127:
In addition to the many well preserved bones that show no signs of non-taphonomic distortion, there is plentiful material that shows clear signs of injury. This material, covered in
Buchanan's thesis, includes a femur that has suffered a
1111:
and other extinct
Australian crocodilians were noted since the description of the Murgon mandible in 1982. By the 1993 description, the idea of an endemic Australian crocodilian radiation was better established, at the time including
788:
was described, it was recognised as a highly variable genus, retaining certain key traits but differing notably in others. As noted by
Buchanan, the most prominent of these differentiating traits centre around the anatomy of the
4040:. However it is also possible that this was no adaption towards movement on land, but rather used for bottom-walking in shallow waters, a habit that could have led to more terrestrial mekosuchines later during the Cenozoic.
1006:
the torsion of the shaft. In the modern forms, the humerus is given a sigmoid shape by the fact that the articulating surfaces, the parts of the bone that connect to the joints, are at an angle to each other. The humerus of
2383:. In addition to the monophyletic Mekosuchinae recovered by the vast majority of their analysis, two more novel results were also found. These alternative topologies render Mekosuchinae paraphyletic, including the clade
4239:
may have been found across many of the inland waterways of
Queensland, possibly even all of eastern Australia where temperatures allowed for the presence of crocodilians. If this was the case, then the distribution of
797:
stands out as having a long, high and wide process, offering a greater surface area for the musculature to attach to. By comparison, the retroarticular processes in older species are less well developed, with that of
4432:
Stein, M.; Salisbury, S. W.; Hand, S. J.; Archer, M.; Godthelp, H. (2012). "Humeral morphology of the early Eocene mekosuchine crocodylian
Kambara from the Tingamarra Local Fauna southeastern Queensland, Australia".
4202:, although none of them were especially large, seemingly maxing out at 100 mm (3.9 in) in length. This would suggest that the waters of this locality were rather shallow, which could indicate that it was a
3992:
does indeed possess some traits associated with terrestrial locomotion, however, they are generally not as well developed as one would expect from a fully terrestrial animal. Among these is the development of the
898:, the first teeth of the lower jaw slide into very pronounced pits that pierce the bones of the upper jaw, emerging on its upper surface in front of the nostrils. The remaining premaxillary and maxillary teeth of
764:
appears typically crocodilian, being roughly triangular with a rostrum that begins relatively narrow and continues to widen towards the back. The precise degree to which the snout tapers differs between species.
4137:. Based on the advanced state of the infection, it is thought to have been chronic and to have been affecting the individual for years. The final pathological specimen noted by Buchanan is a highly deformed
640:
was not recognised as a distinct species until the discovery of nearly complete skulls in 1993, clearly showing major differences with the type species. Among these differences is the fact that the teeth of
4566:
3853:
and their position in the lower jaw may have increased and focused the force of the bite in a smaller area, enhancing their ability to puncture and drawing further parallels to mammalian carnassials.
4141:, which in some areas is twice as wide as it should be. The reason for the extreme deformation of this particular specimen is not entirely clear, but could have been caused by one of several possible
4032:
one seen in most extant crocodilians, while certain adaptations of the arm are also advantageous for swimming. Buchanan interprets this to mean that while not being a true terrestrial crocodilian,
4344:
Salisbury, S. W.; Willis, P. M. A. (1996). "A new crocodylian from the early Eocene of south-eastern
Queensland and a preliminary investigation of the phylogenetic relationships of crocodyloids".
3873:
show well defined attachment sites for musculature used to hold and crush prey, an activity the pterygoid would not be involved in. This collaboration between different muscle groups would allow
645:
interlock, rather than forming an overbite. It is this fact that the species name derives from. Additionally, the skull of this species was relatively more gracile, as are this species' teeth.
4133:
use of the limb. NMV P227802 on the other hand represents a heavily altered humerus, characterised by being swollen and containing numerous sinuses filled with small bone fragments, signs of
4178:
were a part of the
Tingamarra Fauna, which also included a variety of terrestrial and aquatic animals. Mammals are represented through various marsupials, while the reptile fauna includes
1017:
There are also differences concerning the distal end, the end towards the toes rather than the hip. Here, modern
Australian crocodiles have flat medial and lateral surfaces bordering the
3908:
individual to manage. Subsequently, the turtle was let go or escaped the crocodile, allowing the bite to somewhat heal. Despite this however, the turtle later died from infection and
3865:
stands out as having the most strongly developed processes, which correlates with larger pterygoid muscles and a stronger bite than that of its older relatives. This may suggest that
777:
was relatively flat, lacking the raised edges seen in today's crocodiles, but instead multiple specimens across species show the presence of well developed pits just before the
355:. It is generally thought to have been a semi-aquatic generalist, living a lifestyle similar to many of today's crocodiles. Four species are currently recognised, the sympatric
1091:, which may be a subadult, has been estimated to have been 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in), while a much larger mandible suggests lengths of up to 3.5 m (11 ft).
911:
the teeth clearly interlock in the premaxilla as well, however, while the first pair of dentary teeth also extend into the bone, they do not breach the dorsal surface as in
594:
is stated to derive from an Aboriginal word for crocodile, however, it is not specified which language in particular, only that it stems from the Queensland language group.
537:, was named three years later on the basis of new material collected from the same locality, with some of the previously recovered fossils now being assigned to this taxon.
2403:. However, these results are a minority within the team's analysis and even then nodal support for paraphyletic Mekosuchinae is considered to be poor by the authors.
6857:
3940:
Most postcranial material remains unpublished, the exception being the humerus, which is known from an undetermined species found at the Murgon locality (possibly
3786:
was the basal most species of the genus, which would have rendered the overbite characteristic for this species the ancestral condition. However, the discovery of
3969:"pelvic form two" displays a knob situated atop the postacetabular crest which appears to be convergently developed with the constriction of modern crocodylids.
713:. It was named for Murgon, the closest township to the type locality. It was a moderately robust animal with a skull much wider than that of the contemporary
4814:
958:
while also becoming more bulbous and peg-like. While the number of premaxillary teeth is consistent, the amount of teeth in the maxilla and dentary varies.
675:
species, but has enough differences to the other forms to be considered distinct. Most notably, the teeth appear to be intermediate between the overbite of
1060:
in articulation. Ribs and chevrons are likewise known. Most of this material however have not seen formal publication and are only described in Buchanan's
502:
in 1982, who reported a lower jaw bone he believed to belong to a Miocene crocodylid. While noting similarities to other Australian crocodilians, notably
4158:
bone death. While it is unclear how the animal was infected, it is possible that the area was exposed by an injury, possibly from the attack of another
3984:
Some additional discussion of other postcranial material can be found in Buchanan's PhD thesis, which also contained the later published description of
1140:
in 1993, but it was still recognised as the basalmost member of Mekosuchinae. Subsequent papers largely supported this suggestion, typically recovering
773:, although still platyrostral, is notably slender compared to its contemporary relative. Similarly, the teeth are also more slender. The skull table of
4694:"Phylogenetic analysis of a new morphological dataset elucidates the evolutionary history of Crocodylia and resolves the long-standing gharial problem"
7006:
6937:
6844:
4024:
bonebed was likely the result of mass death caused by drought, something that would be less likely to affect an animal less dependent on water.
962:
has the lowest number of teeth in the maxillae (and thus throughout the upper jaw) with only 14 teeth on either side. The number is unknown for
4747:"Variation in the pelvic and pectoral girdles of Australian Oligo–Miocene mekosuchine crocodiles with implications for locomotion and habitus"
3869:
was capable of taking on larger, more terrestrial prey items, whereas older species fed on smaller animals. Furthermore, multiple species of
528:, Ralph Molnar and John D. Scanlon, who tentatively referred all Murgon crocodile fossils to this taxon. Even at this time it was noted that
4001:, the later of which only differing slightly from saltwater crocodiles and with only limited mobility of the ankle. The possibility that
1144:
as one of the earliest branching mekosuchines, although other taxa may be found as slightly more basal or on an even level as part of a
751:
people and simply means crocodile. This language was chosen as a proxy for that of the Bailai due to the links between the two cultures.
4642:
3832:
With its appearance generally resembling today's crocodiles, in particular the flat, platyrostral snout, it is generally thought that
548:
was known for a while, with the type specimen found in 1991. However the material was not closely examined until the description of
4107:, but also at least two hatchlings and some fragmentary egg shells. This may suggest that the Murgon site could have been used by
7001:
6740:
4807:
6745:
6996:
6073:
5900:
6119:
5988:
4119:
2852:
1777:
3960:
would have been capable of high walking at a greater speed than the crocodiles found in Australia now. The pelvic bones of
2353:
was still recovered as a mekosuchine, however, the overall make up of the clade was changed significantly. The study found
1010:
meanwhile is much straighter, with both surfaces being level to each other. As a consequence, the shaft of the humerus in
819:
454:
analyses recover it as one of the earliest diverging mekosuchines, but recent studies have commonly found other taxa like
4568:
The systematics, palaeobiology and palaeoecology of Kambara taraina sp. nov. from the Eocene Rundle Formation, Queensland
4507:
sp. nov. (Crocodylia, Crocodyloidea), a new Eocene mekosuchine from Queensland, Australia, and a revision of the genus".
3528:
3178:
4587:
Ristevski, J.; Willis, P.M.A.; Yates, A.M.; White, M.A.; Hart, L.J.; Stein, M.D.; Price, G.J.; Salisbury, S.W. (2023).
4060:
was slightly more gracile both in regards to its skull and teeth in addition to the different ways the teeth occluded.
2379:
were not found to be mekosuchines in this analysis. Another, much more different placement was also shown in Ristevski
4800:
2677:
2055:
544:, although it stands out as the species with the least amount of available material. Like with the species before it,
5980:
5147:
3461:
426:
may have been better adapted at walking on land than the two crocodile species still inhabiting Australia today, the
383:
were medium-sized crocodilians, with mature specimens generally reaching lengths from 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft).
4063:
793:
and the dentition. Regarding the retroarticular process, an important attachment site for the abductor musculature,
6201:
4638:"Tip-dating and homoplasy: reconciling the shallow molecular divergences of modern gharials with their long fossil"
508:(named nine years later), Molnar refrained from naming the material due to the fragmentary nature of the dentary.
6173:
3030:
1814:
710:
487:
156:
5819:
1136:
in this group and redefining Mekosuchidae as Mekosuchinae. No detailed phylogenetic analysis was conducted for
747:
interlock and thus set it apart from the other known species. The species name derives from the dialect of the
636:
in the Boat Mountain area near Murgon, Queensland, indicating that the two species coexisted. Because of this,
5140:
3511:
5905:
769:
for instance is described as being moderately broad-snouted with a robust build. By comparison, the skull of
6194:
3335:
2711:
2636:
2102:
2001:
790:
778:
735:, it stems from the Kerosene Creek Member of the Rundle Formation, which means that it did not coexist with
6680:
6454:
6784:
6704:
6478:
6187:
4398:"A new species of mekosuchine crocodilian from the middle Palaeogene Rundle Formation, central Queensland"
4103:
other than the fact that the Murgon fossil site preserves not just the remains of large, presumably adult
3924:
As indicated by aspects of the skull shape, namely the resemblance to modern semi-aquatic ambush hunters,
3584:
2780:
1940:
1148:. For instance, a 2018 study by Lee and Yates, using genetic, morphological and stratigraphic data, found
33:
4589:"Migrations, diversifications and extinctions: the evolutionary history of crocodyliforms in Australasia"
4148:
At least some of these pathologies are explainable through intraspecific combat, meaning that individual
872:, the teeth of the upper jaw overlap those of the lower jaw, giving it an overbite similar to that of an
6991:
6963:
6883:
6664:
6657:
6470:
6462:
6346:
4983:
4903:
3430:
3318:
2028:
6688:
668:
372:
6924:
6831:
6180:
5869:
5862:
5812:
5610:
4600:
4516:
4442:
4353:
4245:
2341:
Although Mekosuchinae as a monophyletic clade became a well established group in the years following
450:
is considered an important piece in understanding the evolutionary history and origin of this group.
431:
3294:
2612:
1974:
1526:
5848:
5575:
4129:
3270:
3219:
2660:
427:
4067:
An example for modern sympatric crocodilians includes American alligators and American crocodiles.
687:. It was named in honour of Ralph Molnar for his consistent contributions to mekosuchine research.
6712:
6621:
6613:
6339:
5617:
5596:
5589:
5250:
5126:
4930:
4618:
4532:
4458:
4235:
may have been much more widespread than currently known. Holt, Salisbury and Willis propose that
3977:
2694:
2082:
1053:
151:
6968:
6888:
4228:
stemming from the younger deposits of the Kerosene Creek Member instead of the Brick Kiln Seam.
563:, but unlike the cranial material have not been formally published. An exception to this is the
4224:. Unlike with the species of the Tingamarra Fauna, the Rundle species were not sympatric, with
6950:
6870:
6862:
6628:
6127:
6094:
5855:
5582:
5387:
4778:
4727:
4671:
3880:
1095:
is thought to have been of similar size, albeit with a more robust build. The same applies to
6955:
6875:
4052:
was how two rather similar species of the same genus could coexist as closely as it did with
2345:
s description, it is not without competing ideas. This in particular affects the position of
6606:
5841:
5704:
5667:
5603:
5498:
5364:
4768:
4758:
4717:
4707:
4661:
4651:
4608:
4524:
4450:
4361:
4179:
3838:
3825:
2384:
1057:
706:
224:
211:
6696:
6672:
6635:
6555:
6303:
6030:
5789:
5774:
5739:
5682:
5552:
5408:
5353:
5170:
5154:
4206:. Furthermore, it is known that the locality was subject to cyclical wet and dry seasons.
3845:
Buchanan speculated on the potential implications for the intermediate dentition seen in
4604:
4520:
4446:
4357:
6569:
6547:
6289:
6281:
6239:
6037:
5972:
5958:
5831:
5544:
5528:
5457:
5415:
5373:
5345:
5323:
5280:
5215:
5202:
5177:
5162:
5133:
5064:
5020:
5005:
4773:
4746:
4722:
4693:
4666:
4637:
3956:
range of motion is more certain based on the articular surface, and would suggest that
2968:
2946:
1616:
1214:
1033:
504:
462:
6985:
6822:
6767:
6599:
6592:
6577:
6562:
6525:
6511:
6423:
6408:
6400:
6317:
6296:
6267:
6260:
6253:
6143:
6057:
6045:
5995:
5965:
5950:
5936:
5718:
5689:
5659:
5521:
5490:
5477:
5465:
5449:
5431:
5394:
5294:
5118:
5096:
4622:
4462:
4231:
Although so far only known from two sedimentary basins, each preserving two species,
4134:
3202:
2804:
1763:
1365:
944:
667:
is known from a partial mandible and several isolated remains all collected from the
451:
88:
4536:
4397:
997:
has been found, most of said material remains undescribed with the exception of the
486:
of Australia, with the first remains found in rock units of what may be part of the
390:
are easiest differentiated by the different occlusal patterns of their teeth. While
6762:
6585:
6518:
6431:
6416:
6383:
6372:
6324:
6106:
6016:
6003:
5923:
5802:
5753:
5746:
5674:
5536:
5513:
5338:
5330:
5301:
5243:
5236:
5111:
4996:
4888:
4863:
4297:
4183:
4009:
3994:
3972:
3690:
3478:
2998:
2579:
2562:
2504:
2400:
2359:
2294:
1800:
1727:
1428:
1401:
1200:
1045:
974:
possess 16 teeth in either maxilla. The lower jaw contains 17 or 18 dentary teeth.
950:
584:
521:
499:
341:
290:
250:
4613:
4588:
3900:
which appears to have been attacked by a crocodile. The fossil, a nearly complete
830:
498:. Although known for half a century, the material was first formally described by
6915:
4454:
6816:
6540:
6533:
6331:
6310:
6274:
6246:
6225:
5767:
5760:
5732:
5725:
5711:
5652:
5505:
5441:
5401:
5380:
5308:
5287:
5229:
5103:
5071:
5028:
4187:
4123:
Crocodiles will often attack their opponents' limbs during intraspecific combat.
3561:
3154:
1345:
1166:
1049:
1041:
525:
456:
63:
6807:
17:
6494:
6358:
6163:
6087:
6080:
6066:
5645:
5262:
5042:
4942:
4854:
4824:
4365:
4191:
3998:
3352:
2878:
1589:
1132:
1099:, which was described as reaching lengths from 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft).
1061:
890:
495:
470:
was no mekosuchine at all, but said results are not supported by all authors.
344:
234:
130:
108:
73:
4036:
may have been much more adapt at leaving the water than members of the genus
6444:
5782:
5565:
5049:
4915:
4221:
4203:
4080:
4013:
3095:
2364:
2174:
1083:
873:
602:
576:
483:
407:
395:
352:
168:
113:
57:
4782:
4731:
4675:
4656:
3816:
4745:
Stein, Michael D.; Yates, Adam; Hand, Suzanne J.; Archer, Michael (2017).
4048:
One particular question that was raised in the wake of the description of
1075:
was a medium-sized crocodilian, smaller than the more recent mekosuchines
982:
865:
appears wave-like, though it is more gentle than some other mekosuchines.
6909:
6801:
6647:
6135:
5696:
5316:
5056:
4872:
4848:
4528:
4218:
4195:
4006:
3909:
3901:
3893:
3054:
2835:
2221:
1636:
1145:
1126:
1037:
748:
188:
103:
98:
83:
78:
68:
4712:
930:, which shows a somewhat intermediate condition between the overbite of
414:, although incompletely known, seems to represent an intermediate form.
6942:
6849:
4792:
4763:
4199:
1018:
998:
564:
334:
198:
118:
93:
5632:
4842:
4138:
4076:
3937:, some elements of the postcranium suggest a more complex lifestyle.
560:
491:
364:
348:
178:
50:
6778:
4289:
5078:
4698:
4290:"An early Eocene crocodilian from Murgon, southeastern Queensland"
4142:
4118:
4062:
3971:
3879:
3815:
1562:
1014:
is not lengthened as is the case in modern Australian crocodiles.
981:
601:
575:
has been recovered from the Rundle Formation, however, it was not
337:
6929:
6836:
6151:
5013:
4017:
3803:
is typically removed due to the limited nature of its material.
3078:
2201:
1448:
1077:
1064:. Their general proportions seem to resemble modern crocodiles.
6782:
5921:
5200:
4981:
4835:
4796:
4099:
Little has been published on the potential nesting behavior of
3944:). Based on the specific anatomy of the deltapectoral crest of
850:
had interlocking teeth similar to that of a crocodile (bottom).
3892:, but does exist. Specifically, Buchanan's thesis describes a
1130:. Willis and colleagues took this a step further by including
1032:
Additional known elements of the postcranial skeleton include
842:
had an overbite, much like modern alligators (top), whereas
3888:
Direct evidence for predator prey interaction is rare for
3877:
to attack large prey, before restraining and crushing it.
2399:
as an early diverging crocodyloid and immediate sister to
4692:
Rio, Jonathan P.; Mannion, Philip D. (6 September 2021).
4194:
environment. Fish are also known from this fauna, namely
32:
For an Indian poet in Kannada language by same name, see
4571:(PhD thesis). Melbourne: Monash University. p. 340.
466:
to be the oldest diverging. Other studies suggest that
4396:
Holt, T. R.; Salisbury, S. W.; Willis, P.M.A. (2005).
4288:
Willis, P. M. A.; Molnar, R.E.; Scanlon, J.D. (1993).
3849:. Buchanan argued that the confluent tooth sockets of
1021:, which makes the end look somewhat quadrilateral. In
406:
had interlocking dentition much more similar to true
4593:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
4435:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
2225:
2205:
2178:
2106:
2086:
2059:
2032:
2005:
1978:
1944:
1899:
1879:
1852:
1818:
1781:
1640:
1620:
1593:
1566:
1530:
1510:
1453:
1432:
1405:
1369:
1349:
1308:
1272:
1252:
1218:
314:
305:
296:
283:
6899:
6791:
6645:
6493:
6442:
6382:
6356:
6223:
6161:
6105:
6056:
6014:
5934:
5829:
5800:
5631:
5563:
5476:
5429:
5363:
5260:
5213:
5088:
4995:
4941:
4914:
4887:
4016:, which would allow for hinge-like movement of the
2349:. In a study dealing exclusively with morphology,
802:being described as long but narrow, while that of
4636:Michael S. Y. Lee; Adam M. Yates (27 June 2018).
934:and the more extensive interlocking dentition of
540:A third species was named in 2005 in the form of
2367:crocodyloid no longer believed to be related to
1056:, several dorsal and tail vertebrae as well as
571:and noted to differ greatly from modern forms.
446:As the oldest described and named mekosuchine,
856:The toothrow across all four known species of
4808:
4209:The Rundle Formation, which was home to both
1048:, hindlimbs as well as multiple parts of the
8:
4217:, on the other hand is thought to represent
4079:. One possible explanation may be found in
942:and more closely resembles animals such as
709:and have been found in areas overlying the
555:The most recent addition to this genus was
6779:
6503:
6392:
6364:
6231:
6111:
6022:
5942:
5931:
5918:
5637:
5482:
5473:
5272:
5268:
5221:
5210:
5197:
4992:
4978:
4920:
4893:
4884:
4832:
4815:
4801:
4793:
1178:to be the basalmost forms. In both cases,
993:Although a lot of postcranial material of
701:The type species of the genus, remains of
417:Despite plentiful fossils, the ecology of
129:
40:
4772:
4762:
4721:
4711:
4665:
4655:
4612:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4005:possessed a "fibular condyle" similar to
3828:. It broadly resembles modern crocodiles.
4283:
4281:
923:is characterised by being interlocking.
671:. It is the least well preserved of all
4687:
4685:
4339:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4257:
3884:A modern Alligator "juggling" a turtle.
3776:
2335:
4582:
4580:
4578:
4498:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4325:
4323:
4321:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4307:
3837:could serve a similar function as the
2929:
2408:
1750:
1187:
614:, scalebar = 10 cm (3.9 in).
4560:
4558:
4556:
4554:
4552:
4550:
4548:
4546:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4472:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
3951:The range of motion for the limbs of
524:, was finally established in 1993 by
7:
4248:inhabit most of northern Australia.
1107:Similarities between a then unnamed
394:had an overbite similar to a modern
289:Willis, Molnar & Scanlon, 1993 (
3631:
3607:
3600:
3576:
3554:
3503:
3453:
3446:
3422:
3310:
3286:
3262:
3194:
3170:
3146:
3138:
3070:
3046:
3022:
3015:
2990:
2983:
2961:
2939:
2931:
2827:
2820:
2797:
2772:
2652:
2628:
2604:
2554:
2547:
2479:
2455:
2431:
2424:
2417:
2410:
2193:
2166:
2074:
2047:
2020:
1993:
1966:
1959:
1932:
1867:
1840:
1833:
1806:
1796:
1769:
1759:
1752:
1608:
1581:
1554:
1502:
1495:
1420:
1393:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1296:
1240:
1233:
1206:
1196:
1189:
4643:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
4509:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
3916:was specialised for hunting them.
2357:in a basal position and including
679:and the interlocking dentition of
379:, also from the Rundle Formation.
311:Holt, Salisbury & Willis, 2005
270:Willis, Molnar & Scanlon, 1993
25:
915:. Regardless, much like those of
784:Ever since the first material of
590:In the type description the name
7007:Prehistoric pseudosuchian genera
6744:
6739:
5904:
5899:
4402:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum
829:
818:
155:
3782:Initially, it was thought that
2395:. Instead, these trees recover
1182:was found to be a mekosuchine.
482:are exclusively known from the
4244:may be similar to how today's
1052:, including nearly the entire
926:The third type is observed in
632:were found alongside those of
375:and the youngest of the four,
1:
4614:10.1080/03115518.2023.2201319
4071:In their 1996 description of
3820:The skull of an indetermined
3795:as the basal most species of
567:, which was covered by Stein
4455:10.1080/03115518.2012.671697
3988:. Here, Buchanan notes that
3529:Brachyuranochampsa eversolei
3179:Orientalosuchus naduongensis
302:Salisbury & Willis, 1996
2678:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
2505:"Asiatosuchus" nanlingensis
2360:"Asiatosuchus" nanlingensis
2056:Mekosuchus whitehunterensis
1087:. The holotype specimen of
711:Oakdale Sandstone Formation
488:Oakdale Sandstone Formation
7023:
3896:from the same locality as
3479:"Crocodylus" depressifrons
3203:Jiangxisuchus nankangensis
1040:, bones of the lower arm,
31:
6757:
6737:
6506:
6395:
6367:
6234:
6114:
6025:
5945:
5930:
5917:
5897:
5640:
5485:
5275:
5271:
5224:
5209:
5196:
4991:
4977:
4923:
4896:
4883:
4831:
4366:10.1080/03115519608619189
3688:
3653:
3636:
3629:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3581:
3574:
3559:
3552:
3525:
3508:
3501:
3475:
3458:
3451:
3444:
3427:
3420:
3349:
3332:
3315:
3308:
3291:
3284:
3267:
3260:
3216:
3199:
3192:
3175:
3168:
3155:Krabisuchus siamogallicus
3151:
3144:
3136:
3092:
3075:
3068:
3051:
3044:
3031:Kalthifrons aurivellensis
3027:
3020:
3013:
2999:"Asiatosuchus" germanicus
2995:
2988:
2981:
2966:
2959:
2944:
2937:
2875:
2849:
2832:
2825:
2818:
2802:
2795:
2777:
2770:
2708:
2691:
2674:
2657:
2650:
2633:
2626:
2609:
2602:
2576:
2559:
2552:
2545:
2501:
2484:
2477:
2460:
2453:
2436:
2429:
2422:
2415:
2292:
2218:
2198:
2191:
2171:
2164:
2099:
2079:
2072:
2052:
2045:
2025:
2018:
1998:
1991:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1937:
1930:
1892:
1872:
1865:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1815:Kalthifrons aurivellensis
1811:
1804:
1794:
1774:
1767:
1757:
1725:
1633:
1613:
1606:
1586:
1579:
1559:
1552:
1523:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1445:
1425:
1418:
1398:
1391:
1362:
1342:
1335:
1328:
1321:
1301:
1294:
1265:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1211:
1204:
1194:
583:, which stems from older
280:
275:
152:Scientific classification
150:
137:
128:
43:
29:Extinct genus of reptiles
6074:"Crocodylus" gariepensis
4503:Buchanan, L.A. (2009). "
3980:performing the highwalk.
3920:Locomotion and lifestyle
731:The youngest species of
7002:Crocodiles of Australia
6347:"Tomistoma" lusitanicum
6120:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
5989:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
4565:Buchanan, L.A. (2008).
4296:(3): 27–33 – via
3336:Trilophosuchus rackhami
2853:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
2712:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
2637:Trilophosuchus rackhami
2103:Mekosuchus inexpectatus
2002:Trilophosuchus rackhami
1778:"Crocodylus" megarhinus
779:supratemporal fenestrae
367:, the poorly preserved
6997:Eocene crocodylomorphs
4657:10.1098/rspb.2018.1071
4124:
4068:
3981:
3885:
3829:
3585:Australosuchus clarkae
2781:Australosuchus clarkae
1941:Australosuchus clarkae
990:
810:Toothrow and dentition
791:retroarticular process
615:
347:that lived during the
34:Chandrashekhar Kambara
6964:Paleobiology Database
6884:Paleobiology Database
4246:freshwater crocodiles
4122:
4066:
3975:
3883:
3819:
3431:Prodiplocynodon langi
3319:Volia athollandersoni
2371:. Additionally, both
2029:Volia athollandersoni
1152:to be second only to
985:
659:The third species of
605:
490:near the township of
142:and the lower jaw of
6622:"Tomistoma" coppensi
6614:"Tomistoma" cairense
6340:"Tomistoma" cairense
5981:"Crocodylus" affinis
5148:"Crocodylus" affinis
4529:10.1671/039.029.0220
4190:, which inhabited a
3462:"Crocodylus" affinis
1160:alternatively found
1156:, whereas Ristevski
432:freshwater crocodile
363:from sediments near
6901:Kambara murgonensis
6629:"Tomistoma" dowsoni
4713:10.7717/peerj.12094
4605:2023Alch...47..370R
4521:2009JVPal..29..473B
4447:2012Alch...36..473S
4358:1996Alch...20..179S
4143:tumorous conditions
4130:comminuted fracture
4054:Kambara murgonensis
4050:Kambara implexidens
3784:Kambara murgonensis
3657:Kambara murgonensis
3616:Kambara implexidens
3271:Dongnanosuchus hsui
3220:Eoalligator chunyii
2661:Ultrastenos willisi
2488:Kambara murgonensis
2440:Kambara implexidens
1896:Kambara murgonensis
1849:Kambara implexidens
1509:Bullock Creek taxon
1305:Kambara murgonensis
1269:Kambara implexidens
1138:Kambara murgonensis
988:Kambara implexidens
986:Size comparison of
919:, the dentition of
806:was short and low.
612:Kambara murgonensis
608:Kambara implexidens
606:Comparison between
535:Kambara implexidens
361:Kambara implexidens
357:Kambara murgonensis
140:Kambara implexidens
6202:C. thorbjarnarsoni
5251:Listrognathosuchus
5127:Brachyuranochampsa
4764:10.7717/peerj.3501
4184:meiolaniid turtles
4125:
4069:
3982:
3978:American crocodile
3886:
3830:
2695:Mekosuchus sanderi
2083:Mekosuchus sanderi
991:
616:
474:History and naming
6979:
6978:
6951:Open Tree of Life
6871:Open Tree of Life
6785:Taxon identifiers
6776:
6775:
6753:
6752:
6735:
6734:
6731:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6723:
6722:
6489:
6488:
6219:
6218:
6215:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6174:C. anthropophagus
5913:
5912:
5895:
5894:
5891:
5890:
5887:
5886:
5883:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5627:
5626:
5425:
5424:
5388:Eurycephalosuchus
5192:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5141:"Crocodylus" acer
4973:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4180:softshell turtles
3780:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3764:
3763:
3755:
3754:
3746:
3745:
3737:
3736:
3728:
3727:
3719:
3718:
3710:
3709:
3701:
3700:
3677:
3676:
3668:
3667:
3540:
3539:
3512:"Crocodylus" acer
3490:
3489:
3409:
3408:
3400:
3399:
3391:
3390:
3382:
3381:
3373:
3372:
3364:
3363:
3249:
3248:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3142:Orientalosuchina
3125:
3124:
3116:
3115:
3107:
3106:
2926:
2925:
2917:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2899:
2898:
2890:
2889:
2864:
2863:
2759:
2758:
2750:
2749:
2741:
2740:
2732:
2731:
2723:
2722:
2591:
2590:
2534:
2533:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2515:
2339:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2323:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2305:
2304:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2271:
2263:
2262:
2254:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2236:
2235:
2153:
2152:
2144:
2143:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2125:
2117:
2116:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1747:
1746:
1738:
1737:
1714:
1713:
1705:
1704:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1686:
1678:
1677:
1669:
1668:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1541:
1540:
1482:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1464:
1463:
1380:
1379:
1283:
1282:
705:were part of the
663:to be described,
326:
325:
271:
16:(Redirected from
7014:
6972:
6971:
6959:
6958:
6946:
6945:
6933:
6932:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6892:
6891:
6879:
6878:
6866:
6865:
6853:
6852:
6840:
6839:
6827:
6826:
6825:
6812:
6811:
6810:
6780:
6748:
6743:
6705:G. pachyrhynchus
6607:Siquisiquesuchus
6504:
6393:
6365:
6232:
6112:
6023:
5943:
5932:
5919:
5908:
5903:
5870:C. wannlangstoni
5863:C. venezuelensis
5705:Globidentosuchus
5668:Centenariosuchus
5638:
5499:Allognathosuchus
5483:
5474:
5365:Orientalosuchina
5273:
5269:
5222:
5211:
5198:
4993:
4979:
4921:
4894:
4885:
4878:
4877:
4833:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4794:
4787:
4786:
4776:
4766:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4725:
4715:
4689:
4680:
4679:
4669:
4659:
4633:
4627:
4626:
4616:
4584:
4573:
4572:
4562:
4541:
4540:
4500:
4467:
4466:
4429:
4410:
4409:
4393:
4370:
4369:
4341:
4302:
4301:
4285:
4188:madtsoiid snakes
4166:Paleoenvironment
3839:carnassial teeth
3826:Melbourne Museum
3812:Ecology and diet
3632:
3608:
3601:
3577:
3555:
3504:
3454:
3447:
3423:
3311:
3287:
3263:
3195:
3171:
3147:
3139:
3071:
3047:
3023:
3016:
2991:
2984:
2962:
2940:
2932:
2828:
2821:
2798:
2773:
2653:
2629:
2605:
2555:
2548:
2480:
2456:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2405:
2387:, but excluding
2385:Orientalosuchina
2227:
2207:
2194:
2180:
2167:
2108:
2088:
2075:
2061:
2048:
2034:
2021:
2007:
1994:
1980:
1967:
1960:
1946:
1933:
1901:
1881:
1868:
1854:
1841:
1834:
1820:
1807:
1797:
1783:
1770:
1760:
1753:
1642:
1622:
1609:
1595:
1582:
1568:
1555:
1532:
1512:
1503:
1496:
1455:
1434:
1421:
1407:
1394:
1371:
1351:
1338:
1331:
1324:
1310:
1297:
1274:
1254:
1241:
1234:
1220:
1207:
1197:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1058:lumbar vertebrae
833:
822:
707:Tingamarra Fauna
669:Rundle Formation
373:Rundle Formation
316:
307:
298:
285:
269:
262:
249:
225:Archosauriformes
212:Archosauromorpha
160:
159:
133:
123:
60:
49:Temporal range:
41:
21:
7022:
7021:
7017:
7016:
7015:
7013:
7012:
7011:
6982:
6981:
6980:
6975:
6967:
6962:
6954:
6949:
6941:
6936:
6928:
6923:
6914:
6913:
6908:
6895:
6887:
6882:
6874:
6869:
6861:
6856:
6848:
6843:
6835:
6830:
6821:
6820:
6815:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6787:
6777:
6772:
6749:
6719:
6681:G. curvirostris
6658:G. bengawanicus
6641:
6636:Toyotamaphimeia
6556:Hesperogavialis
6497:
6485:
6438:
6386:
6378:
6361:
6352:
6304:Megadontosuchus
6228:
6207:
6195:C. palaeindicus
6157:
6101:
6052:
6031:Aldabrachampsus
6019:
6010:
5939:
5926:
5909:
5875:
5849:C. brevirostris
5825:
5796:
5790:Wannaganosuchus
5775:Stangerochampsa
5740:Orthogenysuchus
5683:Chinatichampsus
5623:
5559:
5553:Wannaganosuchus
5472:
5434:
5421:
5409:Orientalosuchus
5359:
5354:Stangerochampsa
5265:
5256:
5218:
5205:
5184:
5171:Prodiplocynodon
5155:Portugalosuchus
5084:
4987:
4957:
4937:
4910:
4879:
4838:
4837:
4827:
4821:
4791:
4790:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4635:
4634:
4630:
4586:
4585:
4576:
4564:
4563:
4544:
4505:Kambara taraina
4502:
4501:
4470:
4431:
4430:
4413:
4395:
4394:
4373:
4343:
4342:
4305:
4287:
4286:
4259:
4254:
4168:
4155:Kambara taraina
4117:
4097:
4046:
4022:Kambara taraina
3986:Kambara taraina
3922:
3898:Kambara taraina
3847:Kambara molnari
3824:species at the
3814:
3809:
3788:Kambara molnari
3774:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3729:
3720:
3711:
3702:
3678:
3669:
3640:Kambara taraina
3541:
3491:
3410:
3401:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3365:
3353:Mekosuchus spp.
3250:
3241:
3232:
3126:
3117:
3108:
2927:
2918:
2909:
2900:
2891:
2865:
2760:
2751:
2742:
2733:
2724:
2592:
2535:
2526:
2517:
2464:Kambara taraina
2333:
2324:
2315:
2306:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2154:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
1920:
1911:
1876:Kambara taraina
1748:
1739:
1715:
1706:
1697:
1688:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1652:
1542:
1483:
1474:
1465:
1381:
1284:
1249:Kambara taraina
1105:
1070:
1054:cervical series
1034:shoulder blades
980:
854:
853:
852:
851:
836:
835:
834:
825:
824:
823:
812:
758:
743:, the teeth of
628:The fossils of
600:
476:
377:Kambara taraina
369:Kambara molnari
268:
260:
247:
154:
144:Kambara molnari
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
55:
54:
47:
37:
30:
23:
22:
18:Kambara taraina
15:
12:
11:
5:
7020:
7018:
7010:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6984:
6983:
6977:
6976:
6974:
6973:
6960:
6947:
6934:
6921:
6905:
6903:
6897:
6896:
6894:
6893:
6880:
6867:
6854:
6841:
6828:
6813:
6797:
6795:
6789:
6788:
6783:
6774:
6773:
6771:
6770:
6765:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6751:
6750:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6721:
6720:
6718:
6717:
6709:
6701:
6693:
6685:
6677:
6669:
6661:
6653:
6651:
6643:
6642:
6640:
6639:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6610:
6603:
6596:
6589:
6582:
6574:
6570:Maomingosuchus
6566:
6559:
6552:
6548:Harpacochampsa
6544:
6537:
6530:
6522:
6515:
6507:
6501:
6491:
6490:
6487:
6486:
6484:
6483:
6475:
6471:T. lusitanicum
6467:
6459:
6455:T. calaritanum
6450:
6448:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6428:
6420:
6413:
6405:
6396:
6390:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6368:
6362:
6357:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6328:
6321:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6290:Maomingosuchus
6286:
6282:Leptorrhamphus
6278:
6271:
6264:
6257:
6250:
6243:
6240:Dollosuchoides
6235:
6229:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6206:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6188:C. falconensis
6184:
6177:
6169:
6167:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6155:
6148:
6140:
6132:
6124:
6115:
6109:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6099:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6062:
6060:
6054:
6053:
6051:
6050:
6042:
6038:Dzungarisuchus
6034:
6026:
6020:
6015:
6012:
6011:
6009:
6008:
6000:
5992:
5985:
5977:
5973:Australosuchus
5969:
5962:
5959:Antecrocodylus
5955:
5946:
5940:
5935:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5915:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5898:
5896:
5893:
5892:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5881:
5880:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5873:
5866:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5837:
5835:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5820:M. latrubessei
5816:
5808:
5806:
5798:
5797:
5795:
5794:
5786:
5779:
5771:
5764:
5757:
5750:
5743:
5736:
5729:
5722:
5715:
5708:
5701:
5693:
5686:
5679:
5671:
5664:
5656:
5649:
5641:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5569:
5561:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5549:
5545:Procaimanoidea
5541:
5533:
5529:Hassiacosuchus
5525:
5518:
5510:
5502:
5495:
5486:
5480:
5471:
5470:
5462:
5458:Menatalligator
5454:
5446:
5437:
5435:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5419:
5416:Protoalligator
5412:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5374:Dongnanosuchus
5369:
5367:
5361:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5350:
5346:Procaimanoidea
5342:
5335:
5327:
5324:Hassiacosuchus
5320:
5313:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5281:Albertochampsa
5276:
5266:
5261:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5225:
5219:
5216:Alligatoroidea
5214:
5207:
5206:
5203:Alligatoroidea
5201:
5194:
5193:
5190:
5189:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5178:Planocraniidae
5174:
5167:
5163:Pristichampsus
5159:
5151:
5144:
5137:
5134:Charactosuchus
5130:
5123:
5115:
5108:
5100:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5075:
5068:
5065:Trilophosuchus
5061:
5053:
5046:
5039:
5032:
5025:
5021:Harpacochampsa
5017:
5010:
5006:Australosuchus
5001:
4999:
4989:
4988:
4982:
4975:
4974:
4971:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4963:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4956:
4955:
4954:
4953:
4947:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4924:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4908:
4907:
4906:
4897:
4891:
4881:
4880:
4876:
4875:
4866:
4857:
4851:
4845:
4836:
4829:
4828:
4822:
4820:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4797:
4789:
4788:
4737:
4681:
4628:
4599:(4): 370–415.
4574:
4542:
4515:(2): 473–486.
4468:
4441:(4): 473–486.
4411:
4371:
4352:(3): 179–226.
4303:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4176:K. implexidens
4172:K. murgonensis
4167:
4164:
4116:
4113:
4096:
4093:
4073:K. implexidens
4058:K. implexidens
4045:
4042:
3942:K. implexidens
3935:Trilophosuchus
3921:
3918:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3793:K. implexidens
3778:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3726:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3707:
3704:
3703:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3680:
3679:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3611:
3606:
3604:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3580:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3533:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3507:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3457:
3452:
3450:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3348:
3345:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3331:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3323:
3314:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3198:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3096:Paludirex spp.
3091:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3059:
3050:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3026:
3021:
3019:
3014:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2969:Planocraniidae
2965:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2947:Alligatoroidea
2943:
2938:
2936:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2906:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2831:
2826:
2824:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2801:
2796:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2776:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2748:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2707:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2656:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2632:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2608:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2558:
2553:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2483:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2468:
2459:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2444:
2435:
2430:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2389:Australosuchus
2377:Australosuchus
2337:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2261:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2230:
2229:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2175:Paludirex spp.
2170:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2078:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2051:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2024:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1810:
1805:
1803:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1758:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1617:Trilophosuchus
1612:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1341:
1336:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1215:Australosuchus
1210:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1162:Australosuchus
1154:Australosuchus
1114:Australosuchus
1104:
1101:
1093:K. murgonensis
1089:K. implexidens
1069:
1066:
979:
976:
972:K. murgonensis
968:K. implexidens
936:K. implexidens
932:K. murgonensis
917:K. implexidens
913:K. implexidens
905:K. murgonensis
900:K. implexidens
896:K. implexidens
881:K. implexidens
879:However, both
870:K. murgonensis
844:K. implexidens
840:K. murgonensis
838:
837:
828:
827:
826:
817:
816:
815:
814:
813:
811:
808:
804:K. implexidens
771:K. implexidens
767:K. murgonensis
757:
754:
753:
752:
741:K. implexidens
728:
727:
719:
718:
715:K. implexidens
703:K. murgonensis
698:
697:
694:K. murgonensis
689:
688:
681:K. implexidens
677:K. murgonensis
656:
655:
647:
646:
643:K. implexidens
638:K. implexidens
634:K. murgonensis
630:K. implexidens
625:
624:
621:K. implexidens
599:
596:
550:K. implexidens
518:K. murgonensis
505:Australosuchus
475:
472:
463:Australosuchus
440:K. implexidens
436:K. murgonensis
400:K. implexidens
392:K. murgonensis
324:
323:
322:
321:
320:Buchanan, 2009
312:
303:
300:K. implexidens
294:
287:K. murgonensis
278:
277:
273:
272:
258:
254:
253:
245:
238:
237:
232:
228:
227:
222:
215:
214:
209:
202:
201:
196:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
147:
135:
134:
126:
125:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
61:
48:
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7019:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6989:
6987:
6970:
6965:
6961:
6957:
6952:
6948:
6944:
6939:
6935:
6931:
6926:
6922:
6917:
6911:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6902:
6898:
6890:
6885:
6881:
6877:
6872:
6868:
6864:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6833:
6829:
6824:
6818:
6814:
6809:
6803:
6799:
6798:
6796:
6794:
6790:
6786:
6781:
6769:
6768:Gryposuchinae
6766:
6764:
6760:
6759:
6756:
6747:
6742:
6715:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6702:
6699:
6698:
6694:
6691:
6690:
6686:
6683:
6682:
6678:
6675:
6674:
6670:
6667:
6666:
6662:
6660:
6659:
6655:
6654:
6652:
6650:
6649:
6644:
6638:
6637:
6633:
6631:
6630:
6626:
6624:
6623:
6619:
6616:
6615:
6611:
6609:
6608:
6604:
6602:
6601:
6600:Rhamphosuchus
6597:
6595:
6594:
6593:Piscogavialis
6590:
6588:
6587:
6583:
6580:
6579:
6578:Paratomistoma
6575:
6572:
6571:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6563:Ikanogavialis
6560:
6558:
6557:
6553:
6550:
6549:
6545:
6543:
6542:
6538:
6536:
6535:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6526:Gavialosuchus
6523:
6521:
6520:
6516:
6514:
6513:
6512:Aktiogavialis
6509:
6508:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6496:
6492:
6481:
6480:
6479:T. taiwanicum
6476:
6473:
6472:
6468:
6465:
6464:
6460:
6457:
6456:
6452:
6451:
6449:
6447:
6446:
6441:
6434:
6433:
6429:
6426:
6425:
6424:Paratomistoma
6421:
6419:
6418:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6409:Gavialosuchus
6406:
6403:
6402:
6401:Brasilosuchus
6398:
6397:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6388:sensu stricto
6385:
6381:
6375:
6374:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6363:
6360:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6344:
6342:
6341:
6337:
6334:
6333:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6318:Paratomistoma
6315:
6313:
6312:
6308:
6306:
6305:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6297:Maroccosuchus
6294:
6292:
6291:
6287:
6284:
6283:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6268:Gunggamarandu
6265:
6263:
6262:
6261:Gavialosuchus
6258:
6256:
6255:
6254:Ferganosuchus
6251:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6242:
6241:
6237:
6236:
6233:
6230:
6227:
6222:
6204:
6203:
6199:
6197:
6196:
6192:
6190:
6189:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6178:
6176:
6175:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6154:
6153:
6149:
6146:
6145:
6144:Tzaganosuchus
6141:
6138:
6137:
6133:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6122:
6121:
6117:
6116:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6090:
6089:
6085:
6083:
6082:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6071:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6058:Osteolaeminae
6055:
6048:
6047:
6046:Oxysdonsaurus
6043:
6040:
6039:
6035:
6033:
6032:
6028:
6027:
6024:
6021:
6018:
6013:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5996:Jiangxisuchus
5993:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5974:
5970:
5968:
5967:
5966:Astorgosuchus
5963:
5961:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5951:Albertosuchus
5948:
5947:
5944:
5941:
5938:
5937:Crocodyloidea
5933:
5929:
5925:
5920:
5916:
5907:
5902:
5872:
5871:
5867:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5856:C. gasparinae
5853:
5851:
5850:
5846:
5844:
5843:
5839:
5838:
5836:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5817:
5815:
5814:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5805:
5804:
5799:
5792:
5791:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5772:
5770:
5769:
5765:
5763:
5762:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5749:
5748:
5744:
5742:
5741:
5737:
5735:
5734:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5723:
5721:
5720:
5719:Kuttanacaiman
5716:
5714:
5713:
5709:
5707:
5706:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5694:
5692:
5691:
5690:Culebrasuchus
5687:
5685:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5660:Brachychampsa
5657:
5655:
5654:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5630:
5620:
5619:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5611:A. prenasalis
5608:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5599:
5598:
5594:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5578:
5577:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5555:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5538:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5524:
5523:
5522:Chrysochampsa
5519:
5516:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5503:
5501:
5500:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5491:Akanthosuchus
5488:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5478:Alligatorinae
5475:
5468:
5467:
5466:Sajkanosuchus
5463:
5460:
5459:
5455:
5452:
5451:
5450:Lianghusuchus
5447:
5444:
5443:
5439:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5432:Alligatoridae
5428:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5399:
5397:
5396:
5395:Jiangxisuchus
5392:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5383:
5382:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5371:
5370:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5356:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5326:
5325:
5321:
5319:
5318:
5314:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5295:Brachychampsa
5292:
5290:
5289:
5285:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5277:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5264:
5259:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5241:
5239:
5238:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5227:
5226:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5199:
5195:
5180:
5179:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5165:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:Borealosuchus
5116:
5114:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5097:Albertosuchus
5094:
5093:
5091:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5067:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5047:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5022:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5003:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4976:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4940:
4932:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4913:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4892:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4874:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4818:
4813:
4811:
4806:
4804:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4784:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4741:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4649:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4632:
4629:
4624:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4598:
4594:
4590:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4561:
4559:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4497:
4495:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4469:
4464:
4460:
4456:
4452:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4399:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4372:
4367:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4270:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4258:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4243:
4238:
4234:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4197:
4193:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4165:
4163:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4135:osteomyelitis
4131:
4121:
4114:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4065:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3987:
3979:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3894:chelid turtle
3891:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3843:
3840:
3835:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3811:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3769:
3768:
3760:
3759:
3751:
3750:
3742:
3741:
3733:
3732:
3724:
3723:
3715:
3714:
3706:
3705:
3697:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3686:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3673:
3672:
3664:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3658:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3643:
3642:
3641:
3634:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3619:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3609:
3603:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3579:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3550:Longirostres
3549:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3530:
3523:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3513:
3506:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3495:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3456:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3424:
3418:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3405:
3404:
3396:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3378:
3377:
3369:
3368:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3346:
3343:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3313:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3297:
3296:
3295:"Baru" huberi
3289:
3288:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3265:
3264:
3258:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3245:
3244:
3236:
3235:
3227:
3226:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3197:
3196:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3173:
3172:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3140:
3134:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3121:
3120:
3112:
3111:
3103:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3072:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3055:Quinkana spp.
3049:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3038:
3037:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3011:Mekosuchinae
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2993:
2992:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2933:
2922:
2921:
2913:
2912:
2904:
2903:
2895:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2847:
2846:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2837:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2816:Crocodylinae
2815:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:Osteolaeminae
2800:
2799:
2793:Crocodylidae
2792:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2755:
2754:
2746:
2745:
2737:
2736:
2728:
2727:
2719:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2679:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2655:
2654:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:"Baru" huberi
2607:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2595:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2538:
2530:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2465:
2458:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2328:
2327:
2319:
2318:
2310:
2309:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2277:
2276:
2268:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2241:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2224:
2223:
2222:Quinkana spp.
2216:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2196:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2131:
2130:
2122:
2121:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2050:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1995:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1975:"Baru" huberi
1969:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1817:
1816:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1772:
1771:
1765:
1764:Crocodyloidea
1762:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1743:
1742:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1692:
1691:
1683:
1682:
1674:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1611:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1527:"Baru" huberi
1521:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1478:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1396:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1366:Pallimnarchus
1360:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1306:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1191:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1118:Pallimnarchus
1115:
1110:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
996:
989:
984:
977:
975:
973:
969:
966:, while both
965:
961:
955:
953:
952:
947:
946:
945:Borealosuchus
941:
937:
933:
929:
924:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
897:
893:
892:
886:
882:
877:
875:
871:
866:
864:
859:
849:
845:
841:
832:
821:
809:
807:
805:
801:
796:
792:
787:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
763:
760:The skull of
755:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
729:
726:
725:
721:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
699:
696:
695:
691:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
657:
654:
653:
649:
648:
644:
639:
635:
631:
627:
626:
623:
622:
618:
617:
613:
609:
604:
597:
595:
593:
588:
586:
585:stratigraphic
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
509:
507:
506:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
473:
471:
469:
465:
464:
459:
458:
453:
449:
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
420:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
343:
339:
336:
332:
331:
319:
313:
310:
304:
301:
295:
292:
288:
282:
281:
279:
274:
267:
266:
259:
256:
255:
252:
246:
243:
240:
239:
236:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
203:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
158:
153:
149:
145:
141:
138:The skull of
136:
132:
127:
120:
115:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
59:
56:54.6–29
52:
46:
42:
39:
35:
27:
19:
6992:Mekosuchinae
6900:
6792:
6763:Brevirostres
6713:G. papuensis
6711:
6703:
6695:
6687:
6679:
6671:
6665:G. breviceps
6663:
6656:
6646:
6634:
6627:
6620:
6612:
6605:
6598:
6591:
6586:Penghusuchus
6584:
6576:
6568:
6561:
6554:
6546:
6539:
6532:
6524:
6519:Dadagavialis
6517:
6510:
6498:
6477:
6469:
6461:
6453:
6443:
6432:Thecachampsa
6430:
6422:
6417:Melitosaurus
6415:
6407:
6399:
6387:
6384:Tomistominae
6373:Sacacosuchus
6371:
6345:
6338:
6330:
6325:Thecachampsa
6323:
6316:
6309:
6302:
6295:
6288:
6280:
6273:
6266:
6259:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6200:
6193:
6186:
6181:C. checchiai
6179:
6172:
6162:
6150:
6142:
6134:
6126:
6118:
6107:Crocodylinae
6093:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6044:
6036:
6029:
6017:Crocodylidae
6004:Mekosuchinae
6002:
5994:
5987:
5979:
5971:
5964:
5957:
5949:
5924:Longirostres
5868:
5861:
5854:
5847:
5842:C. australis
5840:
5830:
5818:
5811:
5803:Melanosuchus
5801:
5788:
5781:
5773:
5766:
5759:
5754:Paranasuchus
5752:
5747:Paranacaiman
5745:
5738:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5710:
5703:
5695:
5688:
5681:
5675:Ceratosuchus
5673:
5666:
5658:
5651:
5644:
5616:
5609:
5602:
5595:
5588:
5581:
5576:A. hailensis
5574:
5564:
5551:
5543:
5537:Navajosuchus
5535:
5527:
5520:
5514:Ceratosuchus
5512:
5504:
5497:
5489:
5464:
5456:
5448:
5440:
5414:
5407:
5400:
5393:
5386:
5379:
5372:
5352:
5344:
5339:Navajosuchus
5337:
5331:Leidyosuchus
5329:
5322:
5315:
5307:
5302:Ceratosuchus
5300:
5293:
5286:
5279:
5249:
5244:Leidyosuchus
5242:
5237:Diplocynodon
5235:
5228:
5176:
5169:
5161:
5153:
5146:
5139:
5132:
5125:
5117:
5112:Asiatosuchus
5110:
5102:
5095:
5077:
5070:
5063:
5055:
5048:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5027:
5019:
5012:
5004:
4997:Mekosuchinae
4986:crocodilians
4904:Pseudosuchia
4889:Pseudosuchia
4868:
4864:Pseudosuchia
4859:
4825:crocodilians
4754:
4750:
4740:
4703:
4697:
4647:
4641:
4631:
4596:
4592:
4567:
4512:
4508:
4504:
4438:
4434:
4405:
4401:
4349:
4345:
4298:Academia.edu
4293:
4241:
4236:
4232:
4230:
4225:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4175:
4171:
4169:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4147:
4126:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4098:
4089:
4084:
4072:
4070:
4057:
4053:
4049:
4047:
4037:
4033:
4028:
4026:
4021:
4010:rauisuchians
4002:
3989:
3985:
3983:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3952:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3939:
3934:
3930:
3925:
3923:
3913:
3905:
3897:
3889:
3887:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3862:
3858:
3857:prey. Among
3855:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3833:
3831:
3821:
3807:Paleobiology
3800:
3796:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3781:
3691:Crocodylidae
3689:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3583:
3582:
3560:
3527:
3526:
3510:
3509:
3477:
3476:
3460:
3459:
3429:
3428:
3351:
3350:
3334:
3333:
3317:
3316:
3293:
3292:
3269:
3268:
3218:
3217:
3201:
3200:
3177:
3176:
3153:
3152:
3094:
3093:
3077:
3076:
3053:
3052:
3029:
3028:
2997:
2996:
2967:
2945:
2877:
2876:
2851:
2850:
2834:
2833:
2803:
2779:
2778:
2710:
2709:
2693:
2692:
2676:
2675:
2659:
2658:
2635:
2634:
2611:
2610:
2580:Baru wickeni
2578:
2577:
2563:Baru darrowi
2561:
2560:
2503:
2502:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2401:Crocodylidae
2396:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2369:Asiatosuchus
2368:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2340:
2295:Crocodylidae
2293:
2220:
2219:
2200:
2199:
2173:
2172:
2101:
2100:
2081:
2080:
2054:
2053:
2027:
2026:
2000:
1999:
1973:
1972:
1939:
1938:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1875:
1874:
1873:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1813:
1812:
1801:Mekosuchinae
1776:
1775:
1728:Longirostres
1726:
1635:
1634:
1615:
1614:
1588:
1587:
1561:
1560:
1525:
1524:
1508:
1447:
1446:
1429:Baru darrowi
1427:
1426:
1402:Baru wickeni
1400:
1399:
1364:
1363:
1344:
1343:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1213:
1212:
1201:Mekosuchinae
1179:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1046:pelvic bones
1031:
1026:
1022:
1016:
1011:
1007:
1002:
994:
992:
987:
971:
967:
963:
959:
956:
951:Diplocynodon
949:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
925:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
895:
889:
884:
880:
878:
869:
867:
862:
857:
855:
847:
843:
839:
803:
799:
794:
785:
783:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
744:
740:
739:. Like with
736:
732:
723:
722:
714:
702:
693:
692:
684:
680:
676:
672:
664:
660:
651:
650:
642:
637:
633:
629:
620:
619:
611:
607:
591:
589:
580:
572:
568:
556:
554:
549:
545:
541:
539:
534:
529:
522:type species
517:
513:
510:
503:
500:Ralph Molnar
479:
477:
467:
461:
455:
452:Phylogenetic
447:
445:
439:
435:
423:
418:
416:
411:
403:
399:
391:
387:
385:
380:
376:
368:
360:
356:
329:
328:
327:
317:
308:
299:
286:
264:
263:
251:Mekosuchinae
241:
218:
205:
143:
139:
44:
38:
26:
6817:Wikispecies
6689:G. leptodus
6541:Hanyusuchus
6534:Gryposuchus
6463:T. gaudense
6332:Tienosuchus
6311:Ocepesuchus
6275:Kentisuchus
6247:Dollosuchus
6226:Gavialoidea
5768:Purussaurus
5761:Protocaiman
5733:Necrosuchus
5726:Mourasuchus
5712:Gnatusuchus
5653:Bottosaurus
5618:A. thomsoni
5597:A. munensis
5590:A. mefferdi
5506:Arambourgia
5442:Balanerodus
5402:Krabisuchus
5381:Eoalligator
5309:Deinosuchus
5288:Arambourgia
5230:Deinosuchus
5104:Arenysuchus
5072:Ultrastenos
5029:Kalthifrons
4115:Pathologies
3863:K. taraina
3799:, although
3562:Gavialoidea
2935:Crocodilia
1346:Kalthifrons
1172:Kalthifrons
1167:Kalthifrons
1050:spinal cord
1042:finger bone
756:Description
526:Paul Willis
478:Remains of
457:Kalthifrons
386:Species of
345:crocodylian
342:mekosuchine
6986:Categories
6761:See also:
6499:sensu lato
6495:Gavialinae
6359:Gavialidae
6164:Crocodylus
6088:Rimasuchus
6081:Euthecodon
6067:Brochuchus
5813:M. fisheri
5646:Acresuchus
5633:Caimaninae
5583:A. mcgrewi
5263:Globidonta
5043:Mekosuchus
4952:see below↓
4943:Crocodilia
4855:Sauropsida
4706:: e12094.
4408:: 207–218.
4346:Alcheringa
4252:References
4226:K. taraina
4215:K. taraina
4211:K. molnari
4192:lacustrine
4085:K. taraina
4038:Crocodylus
3999:astragalus
3875:K. taraina
3867:K. taraina
3851:K. molnari
3801:K. molnari
2879:Crocodylus
1590:Mekosuchus
1133:Mekosuchus
1097:K. molnari
1062:PhD thesis
978:Postcrania
964:K. molnari
960:K. taraina
928:K. molnari
921:K. taraina
909:K. taraina
891:Crocodylus
885:K. taraina
848:K. taraina
800:K. molnari
795:K. taraina
745:K. taraina
737:K. molnari
724:K. taraina
685:K. taraina
665:K. molnari
652:K. molnari
581:K. molnari
573:K. taraina
557:K. taraina
546:K. molnari
542:K. molnari
496:Queensland
412:K. molnari
408:crocodiles
404:K. taraina
318:K. taraina
309:K. molnari
235:Crocodilia
6916:Q20718518
6697:G. lewisi
6673:G. browni
6445:Tomistoma
5783:Tsoabichi
5604:A. olseni
5566:Alligator
5050:Paludirex
4931:Neosuchia
4916:Neosuchia
4841:Kingdom:
4757:: e3501.
4623:258878554
4463:129195186
4222:mud flats
4204:billabong
4111:to nest.
4081:taphonomy
4027:Overall,
4014:aetosaurs
3861:species,
3079:Baru spp.
2365:Paleocene
2202:Baru spp.
1103:Phylogeny
1084:Paludirex
1038:coracoids
874:alligator
577:sympatric
484:Paleogene
443:drought.
428:saltwater
396:alligator
371:from the
353:Australia
351:epoch in
175:Kingdom:
169:Eukaryota
6930:42335027
6910:Wikidata
6837:10588969
6808:Q5230226
6802:Wikidata
6648:Gavialis
6136:Quinkana
5697:Eocaiman
5317:Eocaiman
5057:Quinkana
4873:Eusuchia
4849:Chordata
4847:Phylum:
4843:Animalia
4823:Extinct
4783:28674657
4732:34567843
4676:30051855
4650:(1881).
4537:86254159
4219:lagoonal
4200:teleosts
4196:lungfish
4044:Sympatry
4007:Triassic
3997:and the
3931:Quinkana
3910:necrosis
3902:plastron
2836:Quinkana
2373:Quinkana
2343:Kambara'
1637:Quinkana
1146:polytomy
1127:Quinkana
1019:condyles
749:Darumbal
587:layers.
276:Species
199:Reptilia
189:Chordata
185:Phylum:
179:Animalia
165:Domain:
6956:6149935
6943:8610649
6876:3605941
6863:1201546
6850:4822295
6823:Kambara
6793:Kambara
6128:Kinyang
6095:Kinyang
5036:Kambara
4853:Class:
4774:5494174
4723:8428266
4667:6030529
4601:Bibcode
4517:Bibcode
4443:Bibcode
4354:Bibcode
4242:Kambara
4237:Kambara
4233:Kambara
4160:Kambara
4150:Kambara
4109:Kambara
4105:Kambara
4101:Kambara
4095:Nesting
4077:caimans
4034:Kambara
4029:Kambara
4003:Kambara
3990:Kambara
3966:Kambara
3962:Kambara
3958:Kambara
3953:Kambara
3946:Kambara
3926:Kambara
3914:Kambara
3906:Kambara
3890:Kambara
3871:Kambara
3859:Kambara
3834:Kambara
3822:Kambara
3797:Kambara
2397:Kambara
2393:Kambara
2355:Kambara
2351:Kambara
2347:Kambara
1452:Alcoota
1180:Kambara
1176:Kambara
1150:Kambara
1142:Kambara
1109:Kambara
1073:Kambara
1027:Kambara
1023:Kambara
1012:Kambara
1008:Kambara
1003:Kambara
999:humerus
995:Kambara
940:Kambara
863:Kambara
858:Kambara
786:Kambara
775:Kambara
762:Kambara
733:Kambara
673:Kambara
661:Kambara
598:Species
592:Kambara
565:humerus
530:Kambara
520:as the
516:, with
514:Kambara
480:Kambara
468:Kambara
448:Kambara
424:Kambara
419:Kambara
398:, both
388:Kambara
381:Kambara
335:extinct
330:Kambara
265:Kambara
257:Genus:
231:Order:
195:Class:
45:Kambara
6969:265611
6889:157974
5832:Caiman
5089:Others
4781:
4771:
4730:
4720:
4674:
4664:
4621:
4535:
4461:
4294:Kaupia
4139:fibula
1158:et al.
569:et al.
561:thesis
492:Murgon
365:Murgon
349:Eocene
333:is an
51:Eocene
6858:IRMNG
5079:Volia
4984:Basal
4869:Clade
4860:Clade
4751:PeerJ
4699:PeerJ
4619:S2CID
4533:S2CID
4459:S2CID
4170:Both
3995:ilium
2381:et al
1563:Volia
907:. In
894:. In
579:with
422:that
338:genus
242:Clade
219:Clade
206:Clade
6938:GBIF
6845:GBIF
6152:Voay
5014:Baru
4929:see
4902:see
4779:PMID
4728:PMID
4672:PMID
4213:and
4198:and
4186:and
4174:and
4153:the
4018:knee
4012:and
3933:and
2391:and
2375:and
2363:, a
1449:Baru
1174:and
1124:and
1122:Baru
1081:and
1078:Baru
1068:Size
970:and
948:and
883:and
846:and
683:and
610:and
438:and
430:and
402:and
359:and
291:type
64:PreꞒ
6925:EoL
6832:EoL
4769:PMC
4759:doi
4718:PMC
4708:doi
4662:PMC
4652:doi
4648:285
4609:doi
4525:doi
4451:doi
4362:doi
3976:An
1170:or
888:of
876:.
868:In
460:or
340:of
6988::
6966::
6953::
6940::
6927::
6912::
6886::
6873::
6860::
6847::
6834::
6819::
6804::
4871::
4862::
4777:.
4767:.
4753:.
4749:.
4726:.
4716:.
4702:.
4696:.
4684:^
4670:.
4660:.
4646:.
4640:.
4617:.
4607:.
4597:47
4595:.
4591:.
4577:^
4545:^
4531:.
4523:.
4513:29
4511:.
4471:^
4457:.
4449:.
4439:36
4437:.
4414:^
4406:50
4404:.
4400:.
4374:^
4360:.
4350:20
4348:.
4306:^
4292:.
4260:^
4182:,
4162:.
4145:.
4087:.
1164:,
1120:,
1116:,
1044:,
1036:,
1029:.
954:.
781:.
552:.
494:,
410:.
244::
221::
208::
146:.
114:Pg
58:Ma
53:,
6716:?
6708:?
6700:?
6692:?
6684:?
6676:?
6668:?
6617:?
6581:?
6573:?
6551:?
6529:?
6482:?
6474:?
6466:?
6458:?
6435:?
6427:?
6412:?
6404:?
6335:?
6285:?
6147:?
6139:?
6131:?
6123:?
6098:?
6049:?
6041:?
6007:?
5999:?
5984:?
5976:?
5954:?
5793:?
5778:?
5700:?
5678:?
5663:?
5556:?
5548:?
5540:?
5532:?
5517:?
5509:?
5494:?
5469:?
5461:?
5453:?
5445:?
5349:?
5334:?
5312:?
5181:?
5166:?
5158:?
5122:?
5107:?
5060:?
5024:?
5009:?
4816:e
4809:t
4802:v
4785:.
4761::
4755:5
4734:.
4710::
4704:9
4678:.
4654::
4625:.
4611::
4603::
4539:.
4527::
4519::
4465:.
4453::
4445::
4368:.
4364::
4356::
4300:.
2226:†
2206:†
2179:†
2107:†
2087:†
2060:†
2033:†
2006:†
1979:†
1945:†
1900:†
1880:†
1853:†
1819:†
1782:†
1641:†
1621:†
1594:†
1567:†
1531:†
1511:†
1454:†
1433:†
1406:†
1370:†
1350:†
1309:†
1273:†
1253:†
1219:†
717:.
315:†
306:†
297:†
293:)
284:†
261:†
248:†
119:N
109:K
104:J
99:T
94:P
89:C
84:D
79:S
74:O
69:Ꞓ
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.