63:
275:
628:: twelve of the women packed into the cell died during the night. His superiors, unhappy that the tragedy was leaked to the press, brought him before an SS judge. Grünewald was initially sentenced to 3.5 years in prison for excessive cruelty, but was pardoned after serving a month. However, he was then stripped of his rank and ordered to fight on the Eastern front as a common soldier. Grünewald survived for nearly a year before being killed in action in January 1945.
47:
291:
283:
707:
306:
695:
745:
70:
1100:
640:. He joined the SS in 1932 as an unpaid volunteer, and the Nazi party soon thereafter. In 1944, Huttig oversaw the evacuation and closure of the camp. After the war, Hüttig was detained, but did not go to trial for nearly a decade. He was sentenced to death in 1954, but was not executed. Hüttig was released in 1956, and died a free man in 1980.
583:
home from the occupation authorities. During that time she was detailed to work at building radios in a nearby aircraft factory under a kind prisoner-foreman. Just before the camp's liberation, the sisters were sent onto
Ravensbruck where Betsie died. Corrie survived captivity and the war to describe
511:
until he was captured on the night of 11 February 1943 and transported to
Herzogenbusch camp. During his internment, he wrote a diary, which was smuggled out of the camp in parts; it is now complete and conserved. It records events from 11 February 1943 until 8 February 1944. Koker wrote poems in his
469:
At least 749 men, women and children died in
Herzogenbusch due to hunger, sickness and abuse. Of those, 329 were murdered at the execution site just outside the camp. As Allied forces approached Herzogenbusch, the camp was evacuated and the prisoners were transferred to concentration camps further
425:
Construction of the camp at
Herzogenbusch, the German name for 's-Hertogenbosch, started in 1942. The camp was modelled on concentration camps in Germany. The first prisoners, who arrived in 1943, had to finish the construction of the camp, which was in use between January 1943 and September 1944.
490:
after fighting a rear guard of SS personnel left to defend the nearly evacuated facility. There were around 500-600 prisoners left alive, who were due to be executed that afternoon, and whose lives were saved by the arrival of the liberating forces. About 500 inmates were also discovered dead in
659:
The execution site near the camp is now a national monument, with a wall bearing the names of all those who died there. The wall has suffered numerous acts of vandalism. In one case, black smears were drawn on the wall, using tar, which seeped into the stone and proved impossible to remove.
688:. However, parts of the old camp still exist. Central to the prison, the bunker where the Bunker Tragedy occurred still stands. Large parts of the southern camp buildings are now used by the Dutch military, including the former SS barracks that have a cruciform ground plan.
607:. During the first few months, the camp was poorly run. Prisoners received no meals, the sick were barely treated, and the quality of drinking water was very poor. He was removed from command in 1943 for stealing from the camp on a large scale. In 1961, he was tried in
494:
In the first years following the war, the camp was used for the detention of
Germans, Dutch SS men, alleged collaborators and their children, and war criminals. At first, they were guarded by Allied soldiers, but shortly after by the Dutch.
611:
and sentenced to life imprisonment for his homicidal brutality towards the prisoners. Chmielewski was released from prison in 1979, on the grounds of his deteriorating mental health. He died in a mental hospital in 1991
624:. Immediately after assuming command over the camp, he imposed very strict rules. In January 1944, he ordered that a group of female prisoners was to be put into one cell. That resulted in what has become known as the
2037:
3305:
365:
in 1944. After the war, the camp was used as a prison for
Germans and for Dutch collaborators. Today there is a visitors' center which includes exhibitions and a memorial remembering the camp and its victims.
332:
3332:
553:, 16 July 1943) was the author of a diary, discovered in 2004, which describes her time in the Herzogenbusch concentration camp in Vught, where she was taken during World War II at the age of 18.
447:
2967:
1767:
361:. The camp was opened in 1943 and held 31,000 prisoners. 749 prisoners died in the camp, and the others were transferred to other camps shortly before Herzogenbusch was liberated by the
1557:
3357:
3002:
1726:
3527:
893:
3537:
1153:
3133:
2009:
3542:
2115:
2718:
3337:
2120:
2032:
62:
3036:
2860:
1304:
2997:
1924:
1721:
1449:
1070:
2220:
1299:
3517:
1672:
3478:
3071:
2520:
1552:
3522:
3419:
2940:
2668:
2063:
2014:
1832:
1682:
1356:
3532:
2244:
1351:
1146:
728:
2624:
2042:
1882:
1593:
1506:
3429:
3262:
2907:
2370:
2110:
787:
2458:
1657:
1385:
1234:
1736:
901:
3552:
3547:
2239:
1984:
1792:
1516:
1397:
1339:
1198:
1139:
984:
2254:
2190:
1716:
1380:
1229:
471:
1677:
3025:
2482:
2259:
2175:
1964:
1892:
1444:
1392:
1193:
723:
475:
2103:
2098:
1246:
2920:
2733:
2195:
1375:
1368:
1332:
1241:
1210:
1176:
576:
435:
2895:
3392:
3232:
2395:
2302:
2249:
2230:
2210:
2180:
2073:
1561:
1363:
1344:
1323:
1275:
1205:
1186:
649:
407:
399:
395:
735:
3257:
2890:
2820:
2448:
2317:
2292:
2170:
1460:
1454:
1409:
1316:
1181:
586:
403:
706:
3439:
3424:
3325:
3171:
3095:
2307:
2264:
2225:
2125:
1959:
1825:
1605:
1404:
1311:
2417:
1280:
3297:
3176:
3146:
3065:
2982:
2815:
2453:
2351:
2312:
2269:
2205:
2078:
1954:
1416:
1263:
1222:
1126:
557:
550:
2935:
2750:
2297:
2274:
2185:
2047:
1899:
1887:
1874:
1610:
1428:
1421:
1292:
1268:
1217:
531:
3414:
3369:
2915:
2234:
2215:
2162:
2146:
2093:
2088:
1999:
1989:
1979:
1931:
1914:
1904:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1327:
1287:
1162:
479:
325:
114:
2840:
2695:
1667:
3407:
3397:
3123:
2677:
2474:
2405:
2083:
2068:
1994:
1974:
1969:
1949:
1919:
1909:
1499:
1466:
346:
38:
2629:
1047:
3118:
2885:
2364:
1942:
1936:
1818:
1566:
443:
362:
232:
1104:
694:
3352:
2977:
2930:
2594:
2345:
1749:
1622:
926:
663:
The camp was partially demolished after the war. The grounds now house an educational museum known as
3315:
3252:
3181:
2835:
2619:
2510:
2488:
2383:
2378:
2359:
1704:
1511:
685:
530:
Koker's mother and brother Max survived the war, but David died during a transport of sick people to
410:. When Amersfoort and Westerbork proved to be too small to handle the large number of prisoners, the
2538:
842:
3402:
3310:
3156:
2743:
2528:
1787:
1731:
419:
354:
214:
1542:
274:
2782:
2777:
2284:
519:. Koker got the chance to throw a letter from the train. The family was later transported to the
516:
487:
431:
976:
922:
779:
491:
piles near the gates, having been executed the very morning of the day the camp was liberated.
3387:
3247:
3078:
2992:
2959:
2873:
2690:
2656:
1631:
980:
783:
676:
621:
168:
3364:
3342:
3161:
3151:
2880:
2868:
2850:
2787:
2533:
2495:
1762:
1489:
968:
771:
604:
242:
162:
3434:
3274:
3267:
3084:
2987:
2845:
2825:
2738:
2574:
1742:
1638:
1581:
1571:
681:
572:
568:
290:
282:
106:
3557:
3347:
3242:
3141:
3112:
2804:
2768:
2728:
2723:
2548:
2433:
2340:
1662:
749:
637:
625:
338:
305:
174:
101:
89:
868:
3511:
3237:
3166:
3057:
2925:
2755:
2712:
2558:
2543:
1841:
1757:
1616:
1576:
1521:
1008:
969:
772:
520:
439:
411:
391:
210:
3449:
2599:
2584:
2579:
2553:
2506:
2438:
2400:
2150:
1586:
1537:
608:
524:
455:
451:
379:
375:
139:
3455:
2972:
2589:
2443:
1547:
1484:
940:
504:
483:
383:
358:
310:
298:
250:
129:
3444:
3279:
3052:
2830:
1120:
542:
294:
246:
46:
3493:
3480:
3284:
3090:
1798:
1598:
1000:
672:
508:
2945:
1131:
556:
After her last diary entry, in early July 1943, Helga Deen was deported to
1099:
575:(1885–1944) were detained at the Herzogenbusch camp (after four months in
17:
2810:
2610:
945:
1494:
580:
546:
463:
3320:
387:
2685:
459:
415:
350:
304:
289:
281:
273:
125:
1810:
1709:
470:
east. By 4–5 September 1944, the women inmates had been sent to
427:
206:
3202:
3023:
2654:
2144:
1814:
1135:
515:
On 2 June 1944, he and his family were transported by train to
818:
1113:
819:"Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught | HERDENKEN IS NADENKEN"
261:
149:
636:
69:
774:
Holocaust - The Nazi
Persecution and Murder of the Jews
733:
603:
426:
During that period, it held nearly 31,000 prisoners:
3380:
3296:
3225:
3132:
3104:
3045:
2958:
2906:
2859:
2796:
2766:
2704:
2676:
2667:
2608:
2567:
2519:
2505:
2467:
2426:
2326:
2283:
2161:
2056:
2025:
1852:
1780:
1693:
1650:
1530:
1477:
1437:
1169:
256:
238:
228:
220:
202:
192:
184:
155:
145:
135:
121:
85:
32:
923:"Shades of Anne Frank in Dutch prison camp diary."
894:"British soldiers discover horrors of Vught camp"
115:[kɔntsɛntʁaˈtsi̯oːnsˌlaːɡɐhɛʁtsoːɡənˈbʊʃ]
2978:Civilians targeted during anti-partisan warfare
512:diary and taught Jewish children in the camp.
414:(SS) decided to build a concentration camp in
3338:Nazis and Nazi Collaborators (Punishment) Law
1826:
1147:
1052:(in Dutch), rijkmonumenten.nl, 2 October 2014
394:and other prisoners from the Netherlands via
8:
3528:Nazi concentration camps in the Netherlands
3037:List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust
3222:
3199:
3042:
3020:
2673:
2664:
2651:
2516:
2158:
2141:
1849:
1833:
1819:
1811:
1697:
1450:SS Main Economic and Administrative Office
1154:
1140:
1132:
579:) for sheltering Jews and others at their
29:
27:Nazi concentration camp in the Netherlands
3538:World War II memorials in the Netherlands
975:. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. p.
869:"ATTACK ON ST. MICHELS, GESTEL AND VUGHT"
837:
835:
3543:World War II museums in the Netherlands
762:
740:
690:
77:Location of the camp in the Netherlands
813:
811:
809:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
507:(1921–1945), lived with his family in
1034:
1022:
620:The second commander was 40-year-old
584:her experiences in her autobiography
324:
113:
100:
7:
2625:Reich Association of Jews in Germany
778:. Oxford University Press. pp.
650:List of subcamps of KZ Herzogenbusch
560:and murdered. She was 18 years old.
3430:Armenian genocide and the Holocaust
671:military base, a neighbourhood for
406:, except for 850 prisoners sent to
941:"Dutch uncover diary of Nazi camp"
25:
1793:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos
1122:Clip with survivors of camp Vught
111:Konzentrationslager Herzogenbusch
3518:Herzogenbusch concentration camp
2993:Polish leaders and intellectuals
2483:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
1445:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
1098:
1078:(in Dutch), Gemeente Vught, 2004
1072:Fietsroute Vught in de vuurlinie
743:
729:The Holocaust in The Netherlands
724:List of Nazi concentration camps
705:
693:
476:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
386:from 1940 to 1945. In 1942, the
278:Beds in the barracks of the camp
177:(February 1944 – September 1944)
68:
61:
45:
165:(5 January 1943 – October 1943)
3523:Mass murder in the Netherlands
2921:Attack on the twentieth convoy
2734:1941 pogroms in eastern Poland
472:Ravensbrück Concentration Camp
286:Washing area for the prisoners
1:
3533:War crimes in the Netherlands
665:Nationaal Monument Kamp Vught
408:Mauthausen concentration camp
171:(October 1943 – January 1944)
3258:Jewish war conspiracy theory
2449:Extermination through labour
1461:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
1455:German Earth and Stone Works
1049:Kamp Vught: kazerne in Vught
971:Women Heroes of World War II
843:"Concentration Camps: Vught"
404:Auschwitz concentration camp
3440:Righteous Among the Nations
2126:Righteous Among the Nations
1606:Disciplinary and Penal Code
967:Atwood, Kathryn J. (2011).
571:(1892–1983) and her sister
3574:
3177:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
3147:Lithuanian Security Police
3066:Reich Security Main Office
2033:Evidence and documentation
647:
558:Sobibor extermination camp
549:, Germany, 6 April 1925 –
486:liberated the camp during
51:Camp perimeter fence, 1945
33:Herzogenbusch (Kamp Vught)
3393:Books and other resources
3221:
3198:
3032:
3019:
2663:
2650:
2157:
2140:
1925:Bulgarian-occupied Greece
1848:
1700:
1558:Identification of inmates
770:Longerich, Peter (2010).
56:
44:
37:
3553:Museums in North Brabant
3548:History of North Brabant
2983:People with disabilities
2916:Aid and Rescue Committee
1163:Nazi concentration camps
326:[hɛʁtsoːɡn̩ˈbʊʃ]
3124:Order Police battalions
1768:Soviet prisoners of war
1500:SS construction brigade
347:Nazi concentration camp
39:Nazi concentration camp
2973:Soviet urban residents
2064:International response
2038:Contemporary knowledge
873:51st Highland Division
847:Jewish Virtual Library
478:. On 26 October 1944,
314:
302:
287:
279:
233:51st Highland Division
110:
93:
3420:Memorials and museums
3358:Reparations Agreement
3353:Holocaust restitution
2931:Le Chambon-sur-Lignon
2454:Human experimentation
2293:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
1750:Sonder- und Ehrenhaft
1668:Schutzhaftlagerführer
1107:at Wikimedia Commons
927:Sydney Morning Herald
712:"Room for reflection"
700:The national monument
322:German pronunciation:
308:
293:
285:
277:
3494:51.66583°N 5.25889°E
2620:Jewish Ghetto Police
2489:Politische Abteilung
2384:Risiera di San Sabba
2245:Natzweiler-Struthof
1705:Prisoner functionary
1512:Politische Abteilung
1467:SS-Totenkopfverbände
686:high security prison
669:Van Brederodekazerne
499:Diary of David Koker
456:black market traders
3490: /
3398:Days of remembrance
3311:Holocaust survivors
3306:Depopulated shtetls
3157:Rollkommando Hamann
3003:Jehovah's Witnesses
2821:Kamianets-Podilskyi
1883:Bohemia and Moravia
1788:Der Ort des Terrors
1737:Political prisoners
1727:Jehovah's Witnesses
1352:Natzweiler-Struthof
538:Diary of Helga Deen
444:Jehovah’s Witnesses
436:resistance fighters
432:political prisoners
418:, near the city of
215:political prisoners
102:[kɑmpˈfʏxt]
3381:History and memory
3285:Forced euthanasia
3233:Nazi racial policy
2936:Danish underground
2783:Operation Reinhard
2778:Wannsee Conference
930:, 22 October 2004.
904:on 25 October 2015
898:World War II Today
517:Auschwitz-Birkenau
503:A Jewish student,
488:Operation Pheasant
315:
303:
301:fences in the camp
288:
280:
3499:51.66583; 5.25889
3473:
3472:
3469:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3316:Sh'erit ha-Pletah
3263:Jewish emigration
3253:Hitler's prophecy
3248:Haavara Agreement
3194:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3182:Ypatingasis būrys
3079:Sicherheitsdienst
3015:
3014:
3011:
3010:
2954:
2953:
2874:Bielski partisans
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2637:
2477:Totenkopfverbände
2136:
2135:
1808:
1807:
1776:
1775:
1632:Arbeit macht frei
1103:Media related to
949:. 20 October 2004
474:, and the men to
402:transit camps to
353:near the city of
272:
271:
16:(Redirected from
3565:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3487:
3486:
3483:
3365:Holocaust denial
3343:Nuremberg trials
3333:Postwar violence
3288:
3223:
3200:
3162:Special Brigades
3152:Nederlandsche SS
3119:Police Regiments
3043:
3021:
2881:Ghetto uprisings
2869:Jewish partisans
2816:Harvest Festival
2788:Holocaust trains
2674:
2665:
2652:
2517:
2413:
2391:
2373:
2354:
2336:
2159:
2142:
1850:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1812:
1698:
1683:Luftwaffe guards
1156:
1149:
1142:
1133:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:Official website
1102:
1087:
1086:
1085:
1083:
1077:
1067:
1061:
1060:
1059:
1057:
1044:
1038:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1005:Soldiers of Evil
997:
991:
990:
974:
964:
958:
957:
955:
954:
937:
931:
920:
914:
913:
911:
909:
900:. Archived from
890:
884:
883:
881:
879:
864:
858:
857:
855:
853:
839:
830:
829:
827:
825:
815:
794:
793:
777:
767:
748:
747:
746:
739:
709:
697:
644:List of subcamps
605:Karl Chmielewski
599:Karl Chmielewski
587:The Hiding Place
420:'s-Hertogenbosch
355:'s-Hertogenbosch
336:
335:
334:
328:
323:
268:
265:
263:
243:Anton Constandse
163:Karl Chmielewski
117:
104:
99:
72:
71:
65:
49:
30:
21:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3562:
3508:
3507:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3461:
3376:
3292:
3286:
3275:Madagascar Plan
3268:Kindertransport
3217:
3216:
3186:
3128:
3100:
3085:Ordnungspolizei
3041:
3028:
3007:
2950:
2902:
2855:
2826:Maly Trostenets
2797:Mass executions
2792:
2762:
2700:
2659:
2634:
2604:
2563:
2501:
2463:
2422:
2411:
2389:
2371:
2352:
2334:
2322:
2279:
2153:
2132:
2052:
2043:Hidden children
2021:
1879:Czechoslovakia
1844:
1839:
1809:
1804:
1772:
1758:"Race defilers"
1743:Nacht und Nebel
1689:
1646:
1639:Jedem das Seine
1526:
1473:
1433:
1165:
1160:
1121:
1112:
1111:
1096:
1091:
1090:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1055:
1053:
1046:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1017:
999:
998:
994:
987:
966:
965:
961:
952:
950:
939:
938:
934:
921:
917:
907:
905:
892:
891:
887:
877:
875:
866:
865:
861:
851:
849:
841:
840:
833:
823:
821:
817:
816:
797:
790:
789:978-019280436-5
769:
768:
764:
759:
754:
744:
742:
734:
720:
713:
710:
701:
698:
682:Nieuw Vosseveld
657:
652:
646:
634:
618:
601:
596:
569:Corrie ten Boom
566:
564:Corrie ten Boom
540:
501:
480:Scottish troops
452:homeless people
372:
331:
330:
329:
321:
260:
239:Notable inmates
198:26 October 1944
197:
180:
97:
81:
80:
79:
78:
75:
74:
73:
52:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3571:
3569:
3561:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3510:
3509:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3466:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3459:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3384:
3382:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3370:trivialization
3362:
3361:
3360:
3350:
3348:Eichmann trial
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3308:
3302:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3290:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3243:Nuremberg Laws
3240:
3235:
3229:
3227:
3226:Early elements
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3207:Early elements
3204:
3203:
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3142:Arajs Kommando
3138:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3113:Einsatzgruppen
3108:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3063:
3055:
3049:
3047:
3040:
3039:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3026:Responsibility
3024:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2865:
2863:
2857:
2856:
2854:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2805:Einsatzgruppen
2800:
2798:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2774:
2772:
2769:Final Solution
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2671:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2630:Ústredňa Židov
2627:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2595:Theresienstadt
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2514:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2492:
2485:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2434:Einsatzgruppen
2430:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2289:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2240:Mittelbau-Dora
2237:
2228:
2223:
2221:Kraków-Płaszów
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2167:
2165:
2155:
2154:
2145:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2111:Rescue of Jews
2108:
2107:
2106:
2101:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2004:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1946:
1945:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1927:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1856:
1854:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1781:Historiography
1778:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1763:Roma and Sinti
1760:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1635:
1625:
1620:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1502:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1463:
1458:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1361:
1360:
1359:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1340:Mittelbau-Dora
1337:
1336:
1335:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1300:Kraków-Płaszów
1297:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1261:
1260:
1259:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1225:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1191:
1190:
1189:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1144:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1118:
1095:
1094:External links
1092:
1089:
1088:
1062:
1039:
1037:, p. 195.
1027:
1025:, p. 193.
1015:
992:
985:
959:
932:
915:
885:
859:
831:
795:
788:
761:
760:
758:
755:
753:
752:
732:
731:
726:
719:
716:
715:
714:
711:
704:
702:
699:
692:
675:refugees from
656:
653:
648:Main article:
645:
642:
633:
630:
626:Bunker Tragedy
622:Adam Grünewald
617:
616:Adam Grünewald
614:
600:
597:
595:
592:
565:
562:
539:
536:
500:
497:
371:
368:
270:
269:
258:
254:
253:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
186:
182:
181:
179:
178:
172:
169:Adam Grünewald
166:
159:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
123:
119:
118:
87:
83:
82:
76:
67:
66:
60:
59:
58:
57:
54:
53:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3570:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3506:
3503:
3457:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3371:
3368:
3367:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3289:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3238:Nazi eugenics
3236:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:Topf and Sons
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3134:Collaborators
3131:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3072:Referat IV B4
3070:
3069:
3068: (RSHA)
3067:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3059:Schutzstaffel
3056:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3046:Organizations
3044:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3018:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2988:Romani people
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2941:Working Group
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2926:Kastner train
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2795:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2765:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2714:
2713:Kristallnacht
2710:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2566:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2496:Sanitätswesen
2493:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2466:
2460:
2459:Death marches
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2285:Extermination
2282:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2260:Sachsenhausen
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2201:Herzogenbusch
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Bergen-Belsen
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2163:Concentration
2160:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2099:United States
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1939:and colonies
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1842:The Holocaust
1836:
1831:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1813:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:Female guards
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1618:
1617:Postenpflicht
1614:
1612:
1611:Death marches
1609:
1607:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1522:Strafkompanie
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1507:Camp brothels
1505:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1490:Sanitätswesen
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1436:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1393:Sachsenhausen
1391:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1256:
1255:
1254:Herzogenbusch
1252:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1194:Bergen-Belsen
1192:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1101:
1093:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1063:
1051:
1050:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1010:
1009:Berkley Books
1006:
1002:
996:
993:
988:
986:9781556529610
982:
978:
973:
972:
963:
960:
948:
947:
942:
936:
933:
929:
928:
924:
919:
916:
903:
899:
895:
889:
886:
874:
870:
863:
860:
848:
844:
838:
836:
832:
820:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
800:
796:
791:
785:
781:
776:
775:
766:
763:
756:
751:
741:
737:
730:
727:
725:
722:
721:
717:
708:
703:
696:
691:
689:
687:
684:
683:
678:
674:
670:
666:
661:
655:Current state
654:
651:
643:
641:
639:
631:
629:
627:
623:
615:
613:
610:
606:
598:
593:
591:
589:
588:
582:
578:
574:
570:
563:
561:
559:
554:
552:
548:
544:
537:
535:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
513:
510:
506:
498:
496:
492:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
423:
421:
417:
413:
412:Schutzstaffel
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
382:occupied the
381:
377:
369:
367:
364:
363:Allied Forces
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
333:
327:
319:
318:Herzogenbusch
312:
307:
300:
296:
292:
284:
276:
267:
259:
255:
252:
248:
244:
241:
237:
234:
231:
227:
223:
219:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
195:
191:
187:
183:
176:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
160:
158:
154:
151:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
103:
95:
91:
88:
84:
64:
55:
48:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
3475:
3450:Yizkor books
3111:
3058:
2803:
2751:in Lithuania
2711:
2609:
2494:
2487:
2476:
2410:
2388:
2369:
2350:
2333:
2200:
2116:by Catholics
1985:Soviet Union
1853:By territory
1797:
1748:
1741:
1637:
1630:
1615:
1553:Forced labor
1543:Action 14f14
1538:Action 14f13
1478:Subdivisions
1465:
1253:
1097:
1080:, retrieved
1071:
1065:
1054:, retrieved
1048:
1042:
1030:
1018:
1004:
995:
970:
962:
951:. Retrieved
944:
935:
925:
918:
906:. Retrieved
902:the original
897:
888:
876:. Retrieved
872:
867:Grant, C S.
862:
850:. Retrieved
846:
822:. Retrieved
773:
765:
680:
668:
664:
662:
658:
635:
619:
609:West Germany
602:
585:
577:Scheveningen
567:
555:
541:
529:
525:Langenbielau
514:
502:
493:
468:
424:
390:transported
380:Nazi Germany
376:World War II
373:
342:
317:
316:
264:.nmkampvught
229:Liberated by
196:January 1943
140:Nazi Germany
3497: /
3456:Never again
3287:(Action T4)
3213:Remembrance
2998:Homosexuals
2968:Soviet POWs
2896:Częstochowa
2444:Gas chamber
2255:Ravensbrück
2196:Gross-Rosen
2191:Flossenbürg
2074:Philippines
2006:Yugoslavia
1965:Netherlands
1893:Sudetenland
1722:Homosexuals
1663:Lagerführer
1548:Early camps
1485:Appellplatz
1381:Ravensbrück
1376:Niederhagen
1242:Gross-Rosen
1230:Flossenbürg
1177:Arbeitsdorf
638:Hans Hüttig
632:Hans Hüttig
505:David Koker
484:Black Watch
482:of the 7th
448:homosexuals
384:Netherlands
359:Netherlands
349:located in
313:in the camp
311:crematorium
299:barbed wire
295:Watchtowers
251:David Koker
193:Operational
185:First built
175:Hans Hüttig
146:Operated by
130:Netherlands
86:Other names
3512:Categories
3482:51°39′57″N
3445:Yad Vashem
3425:Uniqueness
3280:Nisko Plan
3053:Nazi Party
2861:Resistance
2831:Ninth Fort
2696:Vel' d'Hiv
2468:Nazi units
2406:Westerbork
2396:Amersfoort
2250:Neuengamme
2231:Mauthausen
2211:Kaiserwald
2181:Buchenwald
1960:Luxembourg
1717:"Asocials"
1658:Commandant
1364:Neuengamme
1324:Mauthausen
1276:Kaiserwald
1206:Buchenwald
1170:Main camps
1105:Kamp Vught
1082:15 October
1056:15 October
1035:Segev 2001
1023:Segev 2001
1001:Segev, Tom
953:2008-08-10
908:12 October
852:12 October
824:October 1,
757:References
679:, and the
673:Indonesian
594:Commanders
543:Helga Deen
521:Groß-Rosen
400:Westerbork
396:Amersfoort
343:Kamp Vught
247:Helga Deen
156:Commandant
98:pronounced
94:Kamp Vught
18:Kamp Vught
3485:5°15′32″E
3403:Education
3298:Aftermath
3210:Aftermath
3172:Trawnikis
3096:Wehrmacht
3091:Waffen-SS
2891:Białystok
2719:Bucharest
2691:Marseille
2568:Elsewhere
2529:Białystok
2341:Breendonk
2318:Treblinka
2171:Auschwitz
1955:Lithuania
1694:Prisoners
1678:Wehrmacht
1651:Personnel
1623:Selection
1599:Muselmann
1470:(Camp SS)
1182:Auschwitz
534:in 1945.
509:Amsterdam
460:criminals
3388:Academia
2841:Piaśnica
2811:Babi Yar
2739:Jedwabne
2678:Roundups
2611:Judenrat
2575:Budapest
2346:Mechelen
2308:Majdanek
2265:Stutthof
2226:Majdanek
2121:by Poles
2079:Portugal
2057:Response
2048:Timeline
2026:Overview
1888:Slovakia
1875:Bulgaria
1627:Slogans
1594:Language
1438:Agencies
1422:subcamps
1410:subcamps
1405:Stutthof
1398:subcamps
1386:subcamps
1369:subcamps
1357:subcamps
1345:subcamps
1333:subcamps
1317:subcamps
1312:Majdanek
1305:subcamps
1293:subcamps
1281:subcamps
1269:subcamps
1258:subcamps
1247:subcamps
1235:subcamps
1223:subcamps
1211:subcamps
1199:subcamps
1187:subcamps
1003:(2001).
946:BBC News
878:12 March
718:See also
590:(1971).
464:hostages
345:) was a
136:Built by
122:Location
3415:Lessons
2851:Rumbula
2724:Dorohoi
2705:Pogroms
2657:Victims
2507:Ghettos
2439:Gas van
2427:Methods
2401:Schoorl
2379:Bolzano
2327:Transit
2313:Sobibor
2303:Chełmno
2270:Vaivara
2206:Hinzert
2151:ghettos
2104:Vatican
2010:Croatia
2000:Ukraine
1990:Belarus
1980:Romania
1932:Hungary
1915:Germany
1905:Estonia
1900:Denmark
1870:Belgium
1865:Austria
1860:Albania
1495:Subcamp
1417:Vaivara
1264:Hinzert
1127:YouTube
750:Germany
581:Haarlem
551:Sobibor
547:Stettin
440:Gypsies
374:During
370:History
257:Website
211:Gypsies
203:Inmates
3321:Bricha
3087:(Orpo)
2960:Others
2946:Żegota
2908:Rescue
2886:Warsaw
2846:Ponary
2756:Kaunas
2559:Warsaw
2544:Lublin
2534:Kraków
2521:Poland
2365:Drancy
2298:Belzec
2275:Warsaw
2186:Dachau
2094:Turkey
2089:Sweden
2015:Serbia
1995:Russia
1975:Poland
1970:Norway
1950:Latvia
1920:Greece
1910:France
1587:Yellow
1582:Purple
1562:Badges
1531:Topics
1517:Revier
1457:(DEST)
1429:Warsaw
1218:Dachau
1013:P. 33.
983:
786:
736:Portal
677:Maluku
667:, the
573:Betsie
532:Dachau
523:camp (
462:, and
392:Jewish
221:Killed
107:German
3558:Vught
3435:Humor
3408:Films
3105:Units
2836:Odesa
2686:Izieu
2600:Vilna
2585:Minsk
2580:Kovno
2554:Radom
2418:Sereď
2235:Gusen
2216:Kauen
2147:Camps
2084:Spain
2069:Japan
1943:Libya
1937:Italy
1567:Black
1328:Gusen
1288:Kauen
1076:(PDF)
416:Vught
388:Nazis
351:Vught
339:Dutch
126:Vught
90:Dutch
3326:List
3081:(SD)
3061:(SS)
2744:Lviv
2729:Iași
2669:Jews
2590:Riga
2549:Lwów
2539:Łódź
2511:list
2360:Gurs
2233:and
2149:and
1732:Jews
1710:Kapo
1577:Pink
1560:and
1326:and
1084:2016
1058:2016
981:ISBN
910:2015
880:2019
854:2015
826:2019
784:ISBN
782:–1.
428:Jews
398:and
309:The
297:and
207:Jews
188:1942
2475:SS-
1125:on
977:121
780:360
527:).
266:.nl
262:www
224:749
3514::
2412:sk
2390:nl
2372:it
2353:fr
2335:be
1799:KL
1007:.
979:.
943:.
896:.
871:.
845:.
834:^
798:^
466:.
458:,
454:,
450:,
446:,
442:,
438:,
434:,
430:,
422:.
378:,
357:,
341::
337:,
249:,
245:,
213:,
209:,
150:SS
128:,
109::
105:,
96:,
92::
3458:"
3454:"
2771:"
2767:"
2513:)
2509:(
1834:e
1827:t
1820:v
1572:P
1155:e
1148:t
1141:v
1011:.
989:.
956:.
912:.
882:.
856:.
828:.
792:.
738::
545:(
320:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
