435:
47:
337:
487:
705:,2004 Based on the materials of the Linguistic Survey of India, Suniti Kumar Chattopadhyay has divided Eastern Magadhi Prakrit and Apabhramsa into four dialect groups (1) Radha-the language of West Bengal and Orissa (2) Varendra-dialect of North Central Bengal (3) Kamrupi-dialect of Northern Bengal and Assam and (4) Vanga-dialect of East Bengal.
626:"... (it shows) that in Ancient Assam there were three languages viz. (1) Sanskrit as the official language and the language of the learned few, (2) Non-Aryan tribal languages of the Austric and Tibeto-Burman families, and (3) a local variety of Prakrit (ie a MIA) wherefrom, in course of time, the modern Assamese language as a MIL, emerged." (
501:
Golockchandra
Goswami in his An introduction to Assamese phonology writes, "in early Assamese there seems to be one dominant dialect prevailing over the whole country, the Western Assamese dialect." Similarly Upendranath Goswami says, "Assamese entered into Kamarupa or western Assam where this speech
249:; and can be dated prior to 1250 CE, when the proto-Kamta language, the parent of the Kamatapuri lects, began to develop. Though not substantially proven, the existence of the language that predated the Kamatapuri lects and modern Assamese is widely believed to be descended from it.
613:"The Kamta-Asamiya sub-grouping hypothesis was probably first articulated by Grierson (1903). At this point Chaterji (1926) and Kakati (1962) concur with Grierson's diagnosis and the same position is reflected in recent statements like that of Baruah and Masica (2001)." (
587:"Eastern Magadhi Prakrit has been divided into four dialect groups by scholars like Dr Chatterji. Kamarupa dialect comprising Assamese and the dialects of North Bengal is one of them. So it becomes necessary to see how much Kamrupi is related to North Bengali" (
755:, Punthi Pustak (India), page 253, pages 411 Daka is stated to have belonged to village Lehidangara near Barpeta in the district of Kamrup, and the Dakabhanita, a work in the old Kamarupi dialect, said to have been composed about the 8th century A D.
718:, One would expect one and identical language to have been current in North Central Bengal (Pundra-vardhana) and North Bengal and West Assam (Kamarupa) in the 7th century, since these tracts, and other parts of Bengal, had almost the same speech.
472:---sprouted. The initial motive comes from extra-linguistic considerations. Kamarupa was the most powerful and formidable kingdom in the region which provided the political and cultural influence for the development of the Kamrupi apabhramsa.
340:
The proto-languages of the eastern
Magadhan languages. Kamarupa Prakrit corresponds to ?proto-Kamarupa here, a hitherto un-reconstructed proto-language. The period corresponds to earlier than 1250 CE, when proto-Kamata began to innovate unique
820:) the language of Kamarupa 'differed a little' from that of mid-India. Hiuen Tsang is silent about the language of Pundra-vardhana or Karna-Suvarna; it can be presumed that the language of these tracts was identical with that of Magadha." (
478:(or Hiuen Tsang), when he visited Kamarupa in 643 CE mentioned that the language spoken in Kamarupa was a 'little different' from the one spoken in mid-India is provided as evidence that this apabhramsa existed as early as the 5th century.
550:"On the basis of many such evidences it is claimed that the Assamese language developed not directly from the Magadhi but from its descendant Gauda-Kamarupi Prakrit, which deserves to be called the Kamarupi Prakrit." (
502:
was first characterised as
Assamese. This is evident from the remarks of Hiuen Tsang who visited the Kingdom of Kamarupa in the first half of the seventh century A.D., during the reign of Bhaskaravarman"
739:, 1975, P 31, Assamese, or more appropriately the old Kamarupi dialect entered into Kamrup or western Assam, where this speech was first characterized as Assamese.
940:
498:
Assamese, or more appropriately the old
Kamarupi dialect entered into Kamrup or western Assam, where this speech was first characterized as Assamese.
790:
Proto-Kamta took its inheritance from ?proto-Kamrupa (and before that from ?proto-Gauda-Kamrupa), innovated the unique features ... in 1250-1550 AD" (
280:. Linguists claim this apabhramsa gave rise to various eastern Indo-European languages like modern Assamese and felt its presence in the form of
292:
The speech is known by different names, which generally consists of two words — prefix such as 'Kamrupi', 'Kamarupi', 'Kamarupa' referring to
2764:
105:
692:, 2003, Scholars have shown that it is rather through the western Assam dialects that the development of modern Assamese has to be traced.
345:
Though the epigraphs were written in classical
Sanskrit in kavya style of a high degree, they abound in forms varying from the standard.
933:
777:"This sort of oneness must have helped the growth of a common language which can be termed as Kamrupi Prakrit or Kamrupi Apabhramsa" (
2469:
511:
890:
Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and
Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan
190:
510:
The sample of the old
Kamrupi dialect are found in different inscriptions scattered around eastern and northern India, such as
1339:
768:, p.8, p.p 152 it bears a close resemblance to modern Assamese language, the direct offspring of the old Kamarupi dialect.
2121:
1156:
926:
2092:
1912:
1758:
1075:
600:"On sociliohistorical grounds, this stage is termed 'proto-Kamta' and assigned the chronological period c1250-1550..." (
2655:
2623:
2479:
728:
726:
724:
532:
671:
in line 32 of the
Subhankarpataka grant of Dharmapala." This contrary rule was first pointed out by Dimbeswar Neog (
2769:
2189:
241:(11th–13th century). This language has been derived from Gauda-Kamarupi Prakrit and the historical ancestor of the
1626:
2628:
2329:
2303:
1742:
2774:
2524:
1285:
434:
90:
2732:
2601:
1877:
1671:
1488:
1023:
838:
732:
317:
309:
95:
676:
2402:
2215:
1701:
1666:
1661:
1500:
1483:
1003:
268:, which is contrary to Vararuci's rule, the main characteristic of Magadhi Prakrit, which warrants that
253:
2690:
2665:
2534:
2504:
2361:
2141:
2131:
1941:
1520:
949:
100:
2737:
2544:
2265:
2250:
2182:
2156:
2146:
2071:
1788:
1578:
1505:
1478:
1230:
1060:
2549:
2462:
2427:
2199:
1717:
1452:
1142:
1070:
1065:
879:
336:
2586:
2572:
527:
2779:
2742:
2556:
2225:
2194:
2172:
2136:
1978:
1936:
1841:
1783:
1548:
1470:
1465:
1374:
1295:
1275:
1197:
1122:
1039:
972:
842:
461:
246:
230:
227:
46:
2660:
2650:
2529:
2432:
2407:
2397:
2376:
2371:
2346:
2285:
2177:
2151:
2114:
2109:
2063:
2009:
1962:
1921:
1872:
1817:
1778:
1727:
1646:
1616:
1563:
1553:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1384:
1334:
1290:
1202:
1008:
957:
651:
is one of the main characteristics of the
Magadha Prakrit, as warranted by Vararuci's rule,
465:
242:
2705:
2539:
2494:
2381:
2351:
2308:
2260:
2220:
2126:
2076:
2047:
2025:
1957:
1867:
1827:
1793:
1737:
1732:
1691:
1676:
1656:
1651:
1641:
1631:
1621:
1593:
1583:
1573:
1568:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1510:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1379:
1300:
1225:
1181:
1137:
1132:
1117:
1112:
1055:
1018:
1013:
888:
753:
Early
Medieval Village in North-eastern India, A.D. 600-1200:Mainly a Socio-economic Study
457:
281:
149:
132:
82:
252:
The evidence of this MIA exist in systematic errors in the Sanskrit language used in the
737:
Grammatical sketches of Indian languages with comparative vocabulary and texts, Volume 1
2715:
2457:
2366:
2298:
2293:
2275:
2255:
2042:
2035:
2004:
1898:
1846:
1686:
1681:
1636:
1611:
1603:
1558:
1528:
1495:
1346:
1255:
1220:
1212:
1176:
1127:
993:
655:. But in the Kamarupa inscriptions, we find the reverse of it, i.e the replacement of
444:
142:
447:
shows "mistakes" and have few Apabhramsa terms due to influence of a local Apabhramsa.
2758:
2700:
2356:
2270:
2245:
2030:
1369:
1270:
469:
325:
2695:
1460:
328:
Some scholars termed it as Kamrupi Apabhramsa, Kamarupi language or proto-Kamrupa.
256:. A distinguishing characteristic of Kamarupa inscriptions is the replacement of
1773:
1588:
1091:
905:
439:
Like other inscriptions of Kamarupa kingdom which were written in Sanskrit, the
17:
1882:
1851:
1822:
491:
453:
411:
350:
301:
205:
192:
2672:
2581:
2561:
1250:
1245:
977:
440:
415:
174:
162:
2710:
2452:
1803:
1265:
1260:
1240:
998:
817:
518:
composed an authoritative work named Dakabhanita in the 8th century A.D.
475:
404:
293:
238:
65:
747:
745:
27:
Middle Indo-Aryan language used in ancient Kamarupa, Indian subcontinent
2644:
2515:
1988:
1722:
1235:
918:
515:
486:
422:
391:
305:
297:
234:
1983:
1832:
1807:
1364:
1356:
1280:
1171:
1096:
357:
909:
570:, and the historical ancestor of proto-Kamata and proto-Asamiya as
1798:
1696:
433:
2499:
1812:
922:
2591:
913:
716:
The origin and development of the Bengali language, Volume 1
566:"In this study I refer to the western dialect of Asamiya as
349:
Loss of repha and reduplication of the remaining concerned
910:
Resource Center for Indian Language Technology Solutions
852:
Hazarika, Parikshit (1968). "The Kamarupi Apabhramsa".
384:
Absence of duplication where it is otherwise necessary.
381:
Reduplication of consonants immediately followed by r.
460:
apabhramsa from which the three cognate languages---
400:
Substitution of h by gh and substitution of bh by h.
2681:
2637:
2614:
2570:
2513:
2487:
2478:
2445:
2420:
2390:
2339:
2328:
2321:
2284:
2238:
2208:
2165:
2102:
2091:
2056:
2018:
1997:
1971:
1950:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1891:
1860:
1766:
1757:
1710:
1602:
1519:
1451:
1444:
1397:
1355:
1327:
1320:
1313:
1211:
1190:
1164:
1155:
1105:
1084:
1048:
1032:
986:
965:
956:
172:
160:
155:
139:
125:
79:
71:
61:
53:
34:
844:The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language
452:Some linguists claim that there existed a Kamrupi
869:. Dept. of Historical Antiquarian Studies, Assam.
316:(the dialect of Magadhi) as spoken in Kamarupa.
934:
562:
560:
8:
893:(Ph.D.). The Australian National University.
514:. Daka, a native of Lehidangara village of
2484:
2336:
2325:
2099:
1926:
1917:
1763:
1448:
1324:
1317:
1161:
962:
941:
927:
919:
816:"It is curious to find that according to (
45:
31:
867:A study on Kāmrūpī: a dialect of Assamese
821:
690:Linguistic situation in North-East India
778:
766:Buddhism and Culture of North-East India
485:
335:
791:
614:
601:
588:
575:
543:
804:
672:
627:
551:
425:even where it is invariably necessary.
397:Varied substitution for m and final m.
369:Avoidance and irregularity of sandhis.
366:Substitution of one vowel for another.
854:Journal of the Assam Research Society
7:
403:Indiscriminate substitution of one
703:Bhawaiya, ethnomusicological study
25:
2647:(unknown further classification)
874:Sharma, Mukunda Madhava (1978).
667:, substituted for the Sanskrit
865:Goswami, Upendra Nath (1970).
751:Choudhary, Abhay Kant (1971),
1:
876:Inscriptions of Ancient Assam
512:Bhaskar Varman's inscriptions
2765:Eastern Indo-Aryan languages
887:Toulmin, Mathew W S (2006).
533:Middle Indo-Aryan languages
2796:
387:Varieties of assimilation.
288:Etymology of various names
2724:
324:; the speech used in old
237:language used in ancient
186:
44:
39:
2525:Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit
764:Rabindra Panth (2004),
714:Suniti Kumar Chatterji,
378:Total loss of medial Y.
375:Substitution of Y by i.
320:and others calls it as
2733:Indo-Iranian languages
495:
449:
372:Loss of initial vowel.
363:Lengthening of vowels.
342:
310:Suniti Kumar Chatterji
284:and Kamatapuri lects.
2403:Maharashtrian Konkani
630:, pp. 0.24–0.28)
489:
482:Geographical vicinity
437:
418:ending in consonants.
339:
254:Kamarupa inscriptions
2691:Andaman Creole Hindi
2122:Bishnupriya Manipuri
1942:Caribbean Hindustani
950:Indo-Aryan languages
639:"The replacement of
2738:Nuristani languages
2470:Mitanni superstrate
1076:Wotapuri-Katarqalai
878:. Guwahati, Assam:
701:Sukhabilasa Barma,
322:old Kamrupi dialect
202: /
2624:Proto-Indo-Iranian
2505:Early Ardhamagadhi
880:Gauhati University
675:, p. 0.25), (
496:
456:as opposed to the
450:
343:
40:Kamrupi Apabhramsa
2770:Prakrit languages
2752:
2751:
2743:Iranian languages
2610:
2609:
2530:Dramatic Prakrits
2441:
2440:
2416:
2415:
2317:
2316:
2234:
2233:
2190:Rajbanshi (Nepal)
2087:
2086:
1907:
1906:
1753:
1752:
1743:list of languages
1440:
1439:
1393:
1392:
1309:
1308:
1151:
1150:
247:Assamese language
231:Middle Indo-Aryan
221:
220:
16:(Redirected from
2787:
2629:Proto-Indo-Aryan
2485:
2408:Canarese Konkani
2337:
2326:
2100:
1927:
1918:
1764:
1449:
1325:
1318:
1162:
963:
943:
936:
929:
920:
894:
883:
870:
861:
848:
825:
814:
808:
801:
795:
788:
782:
775:
769:
762:
756:
749:
740:
730:
719:
712:
706:
699:
693:
686:
680:
637:
631:
624:
618:
611:
605:
598:
592:
585:
579:
564:
555:
548:
410:Irregularity of
314:Kamarupa dialect
276:are replaced by
243:Kamatapuri lects
224:Kamarupi Prakrit
217:
216:
214:
213:
212:
207:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
165:
145:
111:Kamarupi Prakrit
85:
75:First millennium
57:Kāmarūpī Prākrit
49:
35:Kamarupi Prakrit
32:
21:
18:Kamrupi language
2795:
2794:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2775:Kamrupi culture
2755:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2747:
2720:
2683:
2677:
2633:
2616:
2606:
2566:
2509:
2495:Ashokan Prakrit
2474:
2437:
2412:
2386:
2331:
2313:
2280:
2230:
2204:
2161:
2094:
2083:
2052:
2014:
1993:
1967:
1946:
1903:
1887:
1856:
1828:Hyderabadi Urdu
1749:
1706:
1598:
1515:
1436:
1389:
1380:Pahari-Pothwari
1351:
1305:
1286:Pahari Kinnauri
1207:
1186:
1147:
1113:Indus Kohistani
1106:Hazara Division
1101:
1080:
1044:
1028:
982:
952:
947:
902:
897:
886:
873:
864:
851:
837:
833:
828:
815:
811:
802:
798:
789:
785:
776:
772:
763:
759:
750:
743:
731:
722:
713:
709:
700:
696:
687:
683:
663:as in the word
638:
634:
625:
621:
612:
608:
599:
595:
586:
582:
565:
558:
549:
545:
541:
524:
508:
494:
484:
448:
443:inscription of
432:
334:
332:Characteristics
290:
245:and the modern
210:
208:
206:26.15°N 90.81°E
204:
201:
196:
193:
191:
189:
188:
161:
150:Kamarupi script
146:
141:
135:
133:Magadhi Prakrit
128:
121:
86:
83:Language family
81:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2793:
2791:
2783:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2757:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2746:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2670:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2653:
2648:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2620:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2527:
2521:
2519:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2491:
2489:
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2476:
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2473:
2472:
2467:
2466:
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2460:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
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2435:
2430:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
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2392:
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2385:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2369:
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2359:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2334:
2323:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2106:
2104:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1975:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1931:
1924:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1825:
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1810:
1801:
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1536:
1531:
1525:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1496:Lisan ud-Dawat
1493:
1492:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1455:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1388:
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578:, p. 14)
577:
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572:proto-Kamrupa
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187:Coordinates:
185:
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91:Indo-European
88:
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64:
60:
56:
54:Pronunciation
52:
48:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
2696:Bombay Hindi
2638:Unclassified
2596:
2535:Ardhamagadhi
2362:Berar Deccan
2216:Chittagonian
2209:Chittagonian
1702:Vaagri Booli
1667:Pauri Bareli
1662:Palya Bareli
1627:Dhodia–Kukna
1501:Parkari Koli
1314:Northwestern
1004:Kundal Shahi
889:
875:
866:
857:
853:
843:
831:Bibliography
812:
799:
792:Toulmin 2006
786:
773:
765:
760:
752:
736:
715:
710:
702:
697:
689:
684:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
635:
622:
615:Toulmin 2006
609:
604:, p. 8)
602:Toulmin 2006
596:
589:Goswami 1970
583:
576:Toulmin 2006
571:
567:
546:
509:
500:
497:
474:
451:
407:for another.
344:
321:
313:
312:named it as
291:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
251:
223:
222:
211:26.15; 90.81
180:
173:
110:
96:Indo-Iranian
29:
2684:and creoles
2666:Lahul Lohar
2545:Maharashtri
2142:Mal Paharia
2132:Kharia Thar
1774:Braj Bhasha
818:Hiuen Tsang
805:Sharma 1978
733:Sukumar Sen
673:Sharma 1978
628:Sharma 1978
552:Sharma 1978
421:Absence of
414:in case of
318:Sukumar Sen
209: /
2759:Categories
2587:Apabhraṃśa
2573:Apabhraṃśa
2550:Shauraseni
2266:Bodo Parja
2251:Sambalpuri
2183:Goalpariya
2157:Tanchangya
2147:Noakhailla
2072:Bote-Darai
1883:Fiji Hindi
1852:Sadhukkadi
1823:Judeo-Urdu
1789:Hindustani
1579:Shekhawati
1521:Rajasthani
1506:Saurashtra
1231:Bhadarwahi
1061:Gawar-Bati
669:śubhańkara
539:References
528:Apabhraṃśa
492:Charyapada
454:apabhramsa
430:Apabhramsa
412:declension
351:consonants
302:Apabhramsa
228:postulated
127:Early form
101:Indo-Aryan
2673:Sheikhgal
2617:languages
2582:Abahattha
2562:Paishachi
2463:Classical
2428:Maldivian
2200:Surjapuri
2166:Kamarupic
2068:Kuswaric
1930:Bhojpuric
1718:Khandeshi
1251:Chambeali
1246:Bilaspuri
1143:Mankiyali
1071:Shumashti
1066:Nangalami
978:Kishtwari
839:Chatterji
665:suhańkara
653:ṣasau śah
441:Nidhanpur
341:features.
175:Glottolog
163:ISO 639-3
2780:Kamarupa
2729:See also
2711:Nefamese
2706:Nagamese
2597:Kamarupi
2557:Gāndhārī
2514:Middle (
2453:Sanskrit
2391:Konkanic
2340:Marathic
2330:Marathi–
2322:Southern
2226:Rohingya
2195:Rangpuri
2173:Assamese
2137:Kurmukar
2115:dialects
2095:Kamarupa
1979:Maithili
1972:Maithili
1937:Bhojpuri
1842:Kannauji
1804:Hinglish
1784:Haryanvi
1549:Dhundari
1489:Wadiyara
1471:Jandavra
1466:Gujarati
1453:Gujarati
1375:Khetrani
1340:dialects
1296:Sirmauri
1276:Jaunsari
1266:Mandeali
1261:Pangwali
1241:Bhateali
1198:Garhwali
1157:Northern
1123:Chilisso
999:Brokskat
973:Kashmiri
966:Kashmiri
906:Assamese
860:: 77–85.
841:(1926).
522:See also
476:Xuanzang
462:Assamese
405:sibilant
294:Kamarupa
239:Kamarupa
66:Kamarupa
2682:Pidgins
2661:Chinali
2651:Bazigar
2645:Badeshi
2540:Magadhi
2516:Prakrit
2433:Sinhala
2421:Insular
2398:Konkani
2377:Katkari
2372:Phudagi
2352:Varhadi
2347:Marathi
2332:Konkani
2304:Bhunjia
2178:Kamrupi
2152:Sylheti
2110:Bengali
2103:Bengali
2064:Kumhali
2031:Kochila
2019:Tharuic
2010:Kurmali
1998:Sadanic
1989:Bajjika
1963:Khortha
1913:Eastern
1873:Bagheli
1861:Eastern
1818:Deccani
1794:Kauravi
1779:Bundeli
1767:Western
1759:Central
1728:Dawoodi
1723:Lambadi
1647:Bhilori
1617:Bhilali
1564:Marwari
1554:Harauti
1484:Parkari
1445:Western
1412:Kholosi
1407:Jadgali
1385:Saraiki
1335:Punjabi
1328:Eastern
1321:Punjabi
1291:Hinduri
1236:Churahi
1213:Western
1203:Kumaoni
1191:Central
1165:Eastern
1092:Kalasha
1085:Chitral
1040:Pashayi
1033:Pashayi
1009:Kalkoti
568:Kamrupi
516:Barpeta
466:Bengali
458:Magadhi
423:visarga
392:analogy
306:Prakrit
298:dialect
282:Kamrupi
235:Prakrit
226:is the
197:90°49′E
194:26°09′N
106:Eastern
2615:Proto-
2571:Late (
2480:Middle
2382:Kadodi
2309:Nahari
2286:Halbic
2261:Bhatri
2221:Chakma
2127:Hajong
2093:Gauda–
2077:Danwar
2057:Others
2048:Musasa
1984:Angika
1958:Magahi
1951:Magahi
1922:Bihari
1892:Others
1868:Awadhi
1833:Rekhta
1808:Urdish
1738:Romani
1733:Domari
1711:Others
1692:Vasavi
1677:Pardhi
1657:Magari
1652:Mawchi
1642:Bauria
1632:Dhanki
1622:Chodri
1594:Nimadi
1584:Dhatki
1574:Mewari
1569:Mewati
1544:Gujari
1539:Loarki
1534:Goaria
1511:Vaghri
1432:Sindhi
1427:Memoni
1422:Luwati
1417:Kutchi
1399:Sindhi
1365:Hindko
1357:Lahnda
1301:Sarazi
1281:Kullui
1226:Kangri
1182:Nepali
1172:Doteli
1138:Tirahi
1133:Kalami
1118:Bateri
1097:Khowar
1056:Dameli
1019:Palula
1014:Ushoji
958:Dardic
390:Wrong
358:vowels
326:Kamrup
233:(MIA)
62:Region
2716:Vedda
2488:Early
2458:Vedic
2367:Varli
2299:Kamar
2294:Halbi
2276:Kupia
2256:Desia
2043:Majhi
2036:Buksa
2026:Tharu
2005:Sadri
1899:Parya
1847:Sansi
1799:Hindi
1697:Wagdi
1687:Kalto
1682:Gamit
1637:Dubli
1612:Bhili
1559:Malvi
1529:Bagri
1479:Kachi
1475:Koli
1347:Sansi
1256:Gaddi
1221:Dogri
1177:Jumli
1128:Gowro
1049:Kunar
994:Shina
987:Shina
908:from
794::306)
617::295)
506:Works
416:stems
2500:Pāli
2357:Andh
2271:Reli
2246:Odia
2239:Odia
1813:Urdu
1604:Bhil
1370:Inku
1024:Sawi
677:link
643:and
574:." (
470:Odia
468:and
308:'.
300:', '
272:and
260:and
181:None
2592:Elu
2446:Old
1461:Aer
659:by
647:by
264:by
72:Era
2761::
1589:Od
912:,
858:18
856:.
744:^
735:,
723:^
559:^
464:,
2575:)
2518:)
1806:/
942:e
935:t
928:v
882:.
847:.
803:(
679:)
661:s
657:ś
649:ś
645:s
641:ṣ
394:.
360:.
353:.
278:ś
274:s
270:ṣ
266:s
262:ṣ
258:ś
168:–
20:)
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