831:
778:
5952:
5922:
436:, people with Native Hawaiian ancestry were reported to be residents in all 50 of the U.S. states, as well as Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico. Within the U.S. in 2010, 540,013 residents reported Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander ancestry alone, of which 135,422 lived in Hawaii. In the United States overall, 1.2 million people identified as Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, either alone or in combination with one or more other races. The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander population was one of the fastest-growing groups between 2000 and 2010.
183:
5937:
5907:
5892:
1822:
1808:
1176:
599:
43:
169:
451:
1922:"There were 156,000 people who reported Native Hawaiian with no additional detailed NHPI group or race group and an additional 371,000 people who reported Native Hawaiian in combination with one or more other races and/or detailed NHPI groups. Thus, a total of 527,000 people reported Native Hawaiian alone or in any combination."
798:, established in 1889 and designated as the Hawaiʻi State Museum of Natural and Cultural History. The museum houses the largest collection of native Hawaiian artifacts, documents, and other information. The museum has links with major colleges and universities throughout the world to facilitate research.
1539:
OHA was given control over certain public lands, and acquired other land-holdings for the provision of housing, supporting agriculture, and supporting cultural institutions. The lands initially given to OHA were originally crown lands of the
Kingdom of Hawaiʻi, which had gone through various forms of
1795:
was not allowed) to permanently emigrate to the United States (Salt Lake City, Utah). They were Kiha Kaʻawa, and Kahana Pukahi. Kiha was adopted by Mormon
Missionary President George Nebeker upon arrival, making Kiha Kaʻawa (Nebeker) the first native Hawaiian to become a U.S. citizen in 1873.
1666:
A Ward
Research poll commissioned in 2003 by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs reported that "Eighty-six percent of the 303 Hawaiian residents polled by Ward Research said 'yes.' Only 7 percent said 'no,' with 6 percent unsure ... Of the 301 non-Hawaiians polled, almost eight in 10 (78 percent)
1650:
entity to negotiate with state and federal governments. The bill would establish, for the first time, a formal political and legal relationship between a Native
Hawaiian entity and the US government. Proponents consider the legislation to be an acknowledgement and partial correction of past
374:. The settlers gradually became detached from their homeland and developed a distinct Hawaiian culture and identity in their new home. They created new religious and cultural structures, in response to their new circumstances and to pass knowledge from one generation to the next. Hence, the
1932:
1481:, has been controversial in the native Hawaiian community. Many families feel that gifted students could excel anywhere, and that the Hawaiian community would be better served by educating disadvantaged children to help them become responsible community contributors.
2668:
1572:. This was in part due to the Queen's rejection of the 1887 Constitution, which severely limited her authority. This diminished traditional governance and installed a US-backed, plantation-led government. One reason for the overthrow was over
1139:
was the king who unified the islands and established the
Kingdom of Hawaiʻi. He was known as a fearless warrior, wise diplomat, and the most respected leader in the history of the Hawaiian monarchy. The holiday is celebrated with parades and
2749:
No. 07-1372 State of Hawaii v. OHA Brief of the
Sovereign Councils of the Hawaiian Homelands Assembly, Na'a'ahuhiwa, the Native Hawaiian Bar Association Hui Kako'o 'Aina Ho'o Pula'pulai, and 'ahahui o Hawaii as AMICI CURIAE in support of
949:, a word meaning "people of the land", because of their connection to and stewardship of the land. It was also part of the spiritual belief system that attributes their origin to the land itself. This is reinforced by the cultivation of
3178:
Formerly known as Asian
American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month, the name officially changed to Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Heritage Month in April 2021, with President Joe Biden's signing of Proclamation
1697:
Ka Huli Ao focuses on research, scholarship, and community outreach. Ka Huli Ao maintains a social media presence and provides law students with summer fellowships. Law school graduates are eligible to apply for post-J.D. fellowships.
1323:. A major factor for this change was an 1896 law that required that English "be the only medium and basis of instruction in all public and private schools". This law excluded the Hawaiian language from schools. In spite of this, some
1247:, and the assimilation of Hawaiian culture into non-native lifestyles. This has provided significant financial support for cultural practices, while emphasizing aspects that have popular appeal over those that respect tradition.
1239:
Hawaiian culture was introduced into Hawaiʻi's public schools, teaching
Hawaiian art, lifestyle, geography, hula, and Hawaiian language. Intermediate and high schools were mandated to teach Hawaiian history to all their students.
1714:, started the process of recognizing the Hawaiians' right to self governance and the ability for nation-to-nation negotiation status and rights. This created opposition from the Hawaiian Sovereignty movement who believed that
1063:
was influenced by later
Western factors. It is accompanied by non-traditional musical instruments and colorful outfits. It became popularized with tourists and it is this form that is most widely practiced beyond the islands.
830:
702:
living on the island until 2014, a period of almost 226 years. This long spread was marked by an initial die-off of 1-in-17, which would gradually increase to almost 8–10 dying from contact to the low point in 1950.
5397:
2676:
953:, a plant that is said to be the manifestation of Hāloa. The represents the deep roots that tether Hawaiians to the islands, as well as symbolizing the branching networks that Hawaiian people created.
2103:
5392:
3209:
George Bush: "Statement on
Signing Legislation Establishing Asian/Pacific American Heritage Month", October 23, 1992. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project.
1675:
indicated that a plurality (39%) of Hawaiʻi residents opposed it and that 76% indicated that they were unwilling to pay higher taxes to offset any resulting tax revenue loss due to the act.
5858:
1477:. The schools educate thousands of children of native Hawaiian children ancestry and offers summer and off-campus programs not restricted by ancestry. KS practice of accepting primarily
3020:
1860:
532:
in AD 1300, who conquered the original inhabitants. Another is that a single, extended period of settlement populated the islands. Evidence for Tahitian conquest include the legends of
663:'s arrival in 1778, the population is estimated to have been between 250,000 and 800,000. This was the peak of the Native Hawaiian population. During the first century after contact,
1615:. Today, Title 45 CFR Part 1336.62 defines a Native Hawaiian as "an individual any of whose ancestors were natives of the area which consists of the Hawaiian Islands prior to 1778".
1236:, held 200 years after the arrival of Captain Cook. At the convention, state government committed itself to the study and preservation of Hawaiian culture, history, and language.
1731:
964:
is one of Hawai'is best-known indigenous artforms. Traditionally, hula was a ritualistic dance performed to honor the gods and goddesses. Hula is typically categorized as either
805:
reignited interest in Polynesian sailing techniques, both in ship construction and in instrument-free navigation. The Society built multiple double-hulled canoes, beginning with
1152:(flower necklaces) to King Kamehameha statues located across the islands and drape them from his cast bronze arms and neck to honor his contributions to the people of Hawaiʻi.
3748:
1351:
that developed during the plantation era in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, mixing words and diction from the various ethnic groups living in Hawaii then.
1536:
to effect change. OHA conducts research and advocacy to shape public policies. OHA works with communities to share information and build public support for Hawaiian issues.
2041:
3389:
Kauanoe, Derek; Breann Swann Nuuhiwa (May 11, 2012). "We are Who We Thought We Were: Congress' Authority to Recognize a Native Hawaiian Polity United by Common Descent".
777:
3522:
1659:, (who doubted the constitutionality of creating a race-based government), libertarian activists, (who challenged the accuracy of claims of injustice), and other Native
1451:
schools. In these schools, all courses are taught in the Hawaiian language and incorporate Hawaiian subject matter. These schools are not exclusive to native Hawaiians.
6012:
1718:
should not have to navigate US structures to regain sovereignty and viewed the process as incomplete. The outcome ultimately allowed nation-to-nation relationships if
6017:
4722:
2160:
1233:
2095:
1127:, a Congressman who succeeded in helping Native Hawaiian families become landowners. It is celebrated with canoe races and luaus across the islands. Every June 11
5629:
3162:
2573:
1542:
OHA is a semi-autonomous government body administered by a nine-member board of trustees, elected by the people of the State of Hawaiʻi through popular suffrage.
1361:. The state enacted a program of cultural preservation in 1978. Programs included Hawaiian language immersion schools, and a Hawaiian language department at the
5851:
2534:
2270:
He Aliʻi Ka ʻĀina; He Kauwā ke Kanaka (The Land Is Chief; Man Is Its Servant): Traditional Hawaiian Resource Stewardship and the Transformation of the Konohiki
3924:
3232:
Maenette K. Nee-Benham and Ronald H. Heck, Culture and Educational Policy in Hawaiʻi: The Silencing of Native Voices, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., 1998
3064:
1646:
In the early 2000s, the Congressional delegation of the State of Hawaiʻi introduced the Native Hawaiian Federal Recognition Bill (Akaka bill), an attempt to
6002:
5203:
1514:
1647:
1250:
Statutes and charter amendments were passed acknowledging a policy of preference for Hawaiian place and street names. For example, with the closure of
4868:
1827:
6007:
5844:
5775:
4833:
1707:
3367:
2072:
5601:
4939:
4694:
3741:
3143:
2923:
4651:
4592:
1243:
Many aspects of Hawaiian culture were commercialized to appeal to visitors from around the world. This includes hula, use of the word "Aloha",
3039:
540:, who is said to have made a voyage between Hawaii and the island of "Kahiki" (Tahiti) and introduced many customs. Early historians, such as
6022:
5814:
5351:
5235:
3515:
2732:
2652:
2246:
1973:
1763:
1759:
1612:
579:, prove the existence of ancient peoples who settled the islands before the Hawaiians, although similar stories exist throughout Polynesia.
5477:
5326:
3303:
3251:
Thomas G. Thrum, More Hawaiian Folk Tales: A Collection of Native Legends and Traditions, International Law & Taxation Publishers, 2001
2478:
1426:
1557:
1362:
3477:
567:
Some writers claim that earlier settlers in Hawaiʻi were forced into remote valleys by newer arrivals. They claim that stories about the
5956:
3426:
1691:
668:
1576:'s unwillingness to sign the amended Treaty of Reciprocity that would have damaged Hawaiian trade, and opened up part of 'Oahu for the
5926:
4967:
3734:
3562:
1422:
1124:
4873:
4737:
3242:
Rona Tamiko Tamiko Halualani, In the Name of Hawaiians: Native Identities and Cultural Politics, University of Minnesota Press, 2002
2699:
2008:
1569:
1273:
1215:
1193:
646:
620:
126:
60:
3213:
698:
The current 293,000 include dual lineage Native Hawaiian and mixed lineage/multi-racial people. This was the highest number of any
2152:
5780:
5644:
4612:
4212:
4185:
3917:
3669:
3508:
2033:
1690:, federal funding through the Native Hawaiian Education Act created the Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law at UH Mānoa
1430:
5113:
3091:
1288:
protests, and protests over the presence and management of astronomical observatories atop Hawaii's mountains, most notably the
878:, the mother and father of the Hawaiian islands. Their stillborn child formed the deep roots of Hawaii, and whose second child,
5997:
5502:
5311:
5078:
4132:
1656:
1595:
as the only major indigenous group with no "nation-to-nation" negotiation status and without any degree of self determination.
1289:
1251:
1161:
772:
107:
5951:
5921:
2429:
1281:
5740:
5045:
5002:
4883:
4274:
4217:
1624:
1434:
1197:
624:
79:
64:
1591:
in his Manifest Destiny plan, which harmed indigenous peoples in the continental United States and Hawai'i. The change left
5941:
5790:
5153:
4901:
4843:
4828:
4800:
4757:
3679:
3588:
2873:
2792:
1850:
1660:
426:
357:
5896:
5750:
5735:
5707:
5664:
5148:
5118:
4982:
4767:
4320:
3608:
3343:
3279:
3195:
1369:
576:
86:
3254:
Houston Wood, Displacing Natives: The Rhetorical Production of Hawaiʻi, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999
3248:
Thomas G. Thrum, Hawaiian Folk Tales: A Collection of Native Legends, International Law & Taxation Publishers, 2001
2848:
5826:
5674:
5594:
5103:
4932:
4863:
4823:
4687:
4259:
3910:
3824:
3583:
3473:
1909:
802:
422:
182:
5128:
3613:
2550:
5088:
5073:
2822:
919:
was managed by managers, who were charged by the island chief to collect tributes from the residents. Splits of the
5972:
5911:
5818:
5770:
5730:
5376:
5012:
4858:
4838:
3933:
3757:
2796:
1743:
1722:
created their own government and sought that relationship. The government formation process was stopped by Justice
1506:
1498:
978:
is a traditional style. Its interpretive dance is known for its grace and romantic feel. Dances are accompanied by
5108:
5068:
93:
5822:
5765:
5316:
5245:
5163:
5083:
4992:
4619:
4548:
4400:
3961:
3031:
2184:
voyage which also raised consciousness of the interdependence of Hawaiians, their environment, and their culture.
1668:
711:
707:
433:
5936:
5906:
5992:
5745:
5265:
4747:
4644:
4563:
4473:
1778:
1267:
889:-oriented, with specific roles based on social standing. Caste roles are reflected in how land was controlled.
609:
5891:
2404:
1950:
1396:
255:
1080:
The Hawaiian people celebrate traditions and holidays. The most popular form of celebration in Hawaii is the
75:
5654:
5557:
4977:
4962:
4607:
4360:
4284:
4109:
2333:
1440:
1340:
1186:
628:
613:
140:
53:
5123:
3700:
3116:
1888:
The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau, 2012.
5810:
5587:
5413:
5213:
5168:
5022:
4925:
4717:
4680:
4309:
4232:
4127:
4104:
3891:
3634:
3263:"To Dwell on the Earth in Unity: Rice, Arakaki, and the Growth of Citizenship and Voting Rights in Hawaii"
3245:
Marshall D. Sahlins, How Natives Think: About Captain Cook, for Example, University of Chicago Press, 1995
2965:
1277:
545:
31:
4997:
4987:
3710:
2960:
1120:
5624:
5552:
5346:
5093:
5027:
4948:
4732:
4533:
4304:
4018:
3865:
3801:
3796:
3674:
3659:
3567:
3334:
3326:
3270:
2512:
2064:
1473:
system in the United States, KS was intended to benefit orphans and the needy, with preference given to
1462:
1376:
program. It was the first doctoral program established for the study of any pre-contact language in the
1132:
979:
822:
The canoes and their worldwide voyages contributed to the renewal and appreciation of Hawaiian culture.
792:
4440:
4001:
3649:
3639:
3598:
3319:
911:, each of which extended from the sea to the top of the nearest mountain. This was to ensure that each
417:
joined the Kingdom, the last inhabited islands to do so. The Kingdom received many immigrants from the
3644:
5639:
5542:
5418:
5356:
5336:
5321:
5218:
5158:
5098:
4878:
4782:
4703:
4140:
3966:
3860:
3664:
3430:
3021:"Results from Zogby International interactive poll commissioned by the Grassroot Institute of Hawaii"
1444:
1229:
1091:
549:
386:
3383:
5785:
5689:
5610:
5198:
5017:
5007:
4913:
4853:
4777:
4314:
4207:
3593:
3411:
3236:
3035:
2947:
1672:
1466:
501:
3163:"APA, AAPI, APIDA or AANHPI? The history and significance of the "Asian American" identity crisis"
5867:
5760:
5684:
5371:
5361:
5295:
5250:
5193:
5050:
4972:
4772:
4762:
4752:
4742:
4294:
4099:
3881:
3603:
3546:
2315:
2197:
1840:
1663:, (who claimed that the legislation would prevent complete independence from the United States).
1631:
1561:
1458:
1448:
756:
487:
5331:
3829:
3262:
2700:"Economics of Non-Profit Accounting : The Kamehameha Schools Admissions Policy Controversy"
2618:
2599:
2509:
I ola ka 'olelo i na keiki: Ka 'apo 'ia 'ana o ka 'olelo Hawai'i e na keiki ma ke Kula Kaiapuni
5836:
3485:
791:
Several cultural preservation societies and organizations were established. The largest is the
763:, the city is sometimes called the "Ninth Island" in reference to the eight islands of Hawaii.
5806:
5679:
5669:
5659:
5649:
5497:
5183:
4848:
4805:
4727:
4661:
4639:
4627:
4513:
4299:
3806:
3715:
3705:
3438:
3434:
3402:
3398:
3355:
3347:
3291:
3283:
2982:
2974:
2728:
2722:
2648:
2542:
2460:
2307:
2242:
2014:
2004:
1979:
1969:
1936:
1855:
1835:
1301:
1276:, many notable protests came during or after the Hawaiian cultural revival. These include the
855:
727:
541:
445:
375:
331:
284:
250:
100:
4385:
807:
5755:
5712:
5634:
5547:
5366:
5290:
5275:
4478:
4279:
4264:
4237:
4222:
4199:
4145:
4094:
3886:
3844:
3839:
3773:
3654:
2299:
2234:
1902:
1889:
1845:
1727:
1588:
1584:
1478:
1358:
1320:
1097:
875:
733:
715:
691:, among others. These diseases were similarly catastrophic to indigenous populations in the
483:
382:
364:
303:
245:
3257:
Kanalu G. Terry Young Rethinking the Native Hawaiian Past, Taylor & Francis, Inc., 1998
1025:
759:
experiencing dramatic increases in total population. Due to a notable Hawaiian presence in
5517:
5428:
5285:
5270:
4602:
4568:
4538:
4405:
4172:
3996:
3791:
3217:
1723:
1638:
on behalf of the people of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii".
1348:
915:
provided all necessary resources for survival, including hardwoods and food sources. Each
390:
371:
261:
5472:
1694:. The program became known as Ka Huli Ao: Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law.
1651:
injustices. They included Hawaiʻi's Congressional delegation, as well as former Governor
1123:. Celebrated every year since 1949 on his birthday (March 26), the holiday honors Prince
3210:
2754:
The Hawaii Supreme Court has described OHA as a 'self-governing corporate body'…
5532:
5452:
5280:
5255:
5240:
5223:
5208:
4573:
4543:
4410:
4365:
4269:
4249:
4089:
1750:
survivors of gender-based violence and Native Hawaiian organizations in grant funding.
1470:
841:
688:
520:
One theory is that the first Polynesians arrived in Hawaii in the 3rd century from the
469:
173:
939:, Hawaiian peasants were never bound to the land and were free to move as they chose.
5986:
5462:
5230:
5178:
5173:
4420:
4380:
4227:
4167:
3981:
3956:
1813:
1788:
1687:
1377:
1141:
795:
553:
454:
418:
5487:
4435:
4162:
4084:
4013:
3971:
3948:
3783:
2437:
2164:
1711:
1652:
1627:
1577:
1565:
1136:
737:
525:
279:
4528:
4523:
1903:
2010 Census Brief, The Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population: 2010
406:
378:
focuses on ways to live and relate to the land and instills a sense of community.
3467:
2748:
5567:
5507:
5482:
5188:
4632:
4483:
4463:
4178:
4038:
4008:
3902:
3816:
3765:
2970:
2516:
1667:
supported federal recognition, 16 percent opposed it, with 6 percent unsure." A
1611:
to become eligible for some federal assistance programs originally intended for
1573:
1175:
1081:
906:
598:
402:
360:
299:
42:
2800:
2461:"Lovely Hula Lands: Corporate Tourism and the Prostitution of Hawaiian Culture"
2226:
1758:
The United States government has permanently designated the month of May to be
901:, which were given to people of high standing and kept within the family. Each
5423:
4043:
4028:
3412:"Who Is Hawaiian, What Begets Federal Recognition, and How Much Blood Matters"
3144:"Native Hawaiian Domestic Violence Survivors Now Eligible For Federal Funding"
3117:"Native Hawaiians Divided on Federal Recognition | Voice of America - English"
2961:"Another Perspective: Scientific poll shows majority favors Hawaiian programs"
2358:
2238:
1803:
1384:
1085:
1084:. A lūʻau is a traditional Hawaiian banquet, commonly featuring foods such as
867:
752:
660:
414:
3726:
3351:
3287:
3191:
2978:
2898:
2546:
2311:
710:
identified 37,656 residents of full or partial Native Hawaiian ancestry. The
548:, subscribed to this Tahitian invasion theory, but later historians, such as
370:
Hawaii was settled at least 800 years ago by Polynesians who sailed from the
30:"Hawaiians" redirects here. For information on the population of Hawaii, see
5875:
5537:
5260:
4508:
4074:
2126:
1983:
1285:
936:
760:
676:
533:
529:
521:
168:
17:
2018:
1272:
While Native Hawaiian protest has a long history, beginning just after the
854:
Native Hawaiian culture grew from their Polynesian roots, creating a local
410:
3500:
3363:
3299:
3065:"Dept. of Interior finalizes rule to recognize native Hawaiian government"
2994:
2990:
1520:
OHA's mandate is to advance the education, health, housing and economics (
464:, like the history of Hawaii, is commonly broken into four major periods:
450:
5562:
5522:
5341:
4370:
4341:
4058:
4053:
3986:
2065:"There's No Ocean in Sight. But Many Hawaiians Make Las Vegas Their Home"
1443:
rather than local school districts. Under the administration of Governor
1255:
1104:
879:
871:
692:
680:
568:
557:
537:
394:
3463:
Ka Huli Ao Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law official website
3359:
3295:
2998:
2986:
2766:
2272:. Honolulu, HI: M.A. Thesis, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. p. 21.
1998:
858:
and cultural practices. This new worship centered on the ideas of land (
5527:
5492:
5442:
5433:
4558:
4493:
4395:
4157:
4023:
2319:
1634:, which had previously passed Congress. This resolution "apologizes to
1447:
from 1994 to 2002, the state's educational system established Hawaiian
1200: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1065:
935:
and another to the island chief. In contrast to the European system of
741:
684:
866:). Land became a sacred part of life and family. Hawaiian religion is
5457:
5398:
Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
4553:
4503:
4289:
4048:
3532:
3462:
2849:"Land, Loss And Love: The Toll Of Westernization On Native Hawaiians"
2574:"The Hawaiian Language Nearly Died. A Radio Show Sparked Its Revival"
2479:"Mauna Kea Is The Latest In Long History Of Native Hawaiian Protests"
2379:
2287:
1964:
Kirch, Patrick Vinton; Green, Rorger C.; Green, Roger Curtis (2001).
1510:
1439:
In Hawaii, the public school system is operated by the Hawaiʻi State
1418:
1365:. Ever since, Hawaiian language fluency has climbed among all races.
1344:
1165:
1112:
1069:
748:
588:
508:
2303:
1357:
later became an official language of the State of Hawaii, alongside
2752:(Report). University of Hawaiʻi School of Law Library. Footnote 4.
1760:
Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Heritage Month
1754:
Asian American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander Heritage Month
1254:
in the 1990s, the region formerly occupied by the base was renamed
5871:
5512:
5467:
4447:
4430:
4415:
4254:
4033:
3629:
3457:
2669:"Linguists say Hawaii Sign Language found to be distinct language"
2233:, University of Hawaii Press, pp. 37–134, December 31, 2017,
1730:
that "ancestry was a proxy for race" in ancestry-based elections,
983:
886:
836:
829:
776:
747:
The Native Hawaiian population has increased outside the state of
572:
561:
449:
1966:
Hawaiki, ancestral Polynesia: an essay in historical anthropology
1603:
In 1974, the Native American Programs Act was amended to include
4518:
4498:
4488:
4468:
4425:
4390:
4375:
4244:
4193:
4079:
3991:
3976:
2096:"How This Mainland City Became Known as Hawaii's 'Ninth Island'"
1373:
961:
950:
923:
were based on the level of tribute. The major subdivisions were
398:
188:
5840:
5583:
4921:
4676:
3942:
List of resources about traditional arts and culture of Oceania
3906:
3730:
3504:
2405:"Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole Day 2024 in the United States"
1901:
Hixson, Linsday; Hepler, Bradford; Ouk Kim, Myoung (May 2012).
5393:
Asian American and Pacific Islander Policy Research Consortium
4334:
4328:
4151:
1540:
public ownership since the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom.
1169:
592:
36:
2198:"A Peek at the Native Hawaiian Culture, History, and Beliefs"
3482:] Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander Population"
3092:"Feds Lay Out 'Pathway' To Native Hawaiian Self-Governance"
1630:
signed United States Public Law 103–150, also known as the
1372:
established a masters program in Hawaiian, and in 2006, a
1315:) was once the language of native Hawaiian people; today,
972:. Each hula tells a story via its movements and gestures.
718:
ancestry, showing a steady growth trend over the century.
3484:. Washington, DC, USA: U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from
1890:
https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-12.pdf
1509:(OHA) is a self-governing corporate body of the State of
1461:(KS), established through the last will and testament of
732:
Some Hawaiians left the islands during the period of the
1861:
Population history of indigenous peoples of the Americas
1682:
Ka Huli Ao: Center for Excellence in Native Hawaiian Law
1232:
beginning in the 1970s. It was in part triggered by the
3452:
2359:"Instruments | Ka'Imi Na'auao O Hawai'i Nei Institute"
3211:
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=21645
2928:
Office of the Law Revision Counsel United States Code
2724:
The Green Book of Language Revitalization in Practice
1968:(1 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1642:
Native Hawaiian Government Reorganization Act of 2009
1383:
Hawaiian is the primary language of the residents of
1116:, and entertainment such as ukulele music and hula.
2288:"Coalition-Building between Natives and Non-Natives"
1951:"2018 Census ethnic group summaries | Stats NZ"
27:
Indigenous Polynesian people of the Hawaiian Islands
5721:
5698:
5617:
5576:
5406:
5385:
5304:
5141:
5059:
5036:
4955:
4912:
4896:
4814:
4791:
4710:
4669:
4660:
4582:
4456:
4353:
4118:
4067:
3947:
3874:
3853:
3815:
3782:
3764:
3688:
3622:
3576:
3555:
3539:
3235:Scott Cunningham, Hawaiian Magic and Spirituality,
714:identified 283,430 residents of Native Hawaiian or
293:
270:
236:
228:
220:
212:
207:
195:
156:
139:"Kanaka Maoli" redirects here. For other uses, see
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3327:"Hawaiian Reparations: Nothing Lost, Nothing Owed"
2281:
2279:
2221:
2219:
2159:(in American English and Hawaiian). United States
2034:"The Decades-Long Romance of Las Vegas and Hawaii"
2192:
2190:
2127:"Hawaiian Voyaging Canoe | Maui Canoe | Mo'okiha"
1488:attend public schools or other private schools.
1409:spoke the little studied Hawai'i Sign Language.
882:, is the god from whom all Hawaiians originate.
2721:Leanne Hinton; Kenneth Hale (October 8, 2001).
2539:www.mauinokaoimag.com – Maui nō ka ʻoi Magazine
2161:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1702:Department of Interior Self-Governance Proposal
1648:recognize and form a Native Hawaiian government
351:
345:
339:
5852:
5595:
4933:
4688:
3918:
3742:
3516:
3410:Garcia, Ryan William Nohea (April 14, 2010).
3192:"About Asian-Pacific American Heritage Month"
3090:Beat, Chad Blair Civil (September 23, 2016).
2645:An introduction to the languages of the world
8:
2647:. New York Oxford: Oxford university press.
2619:"UH offers first Ph.D. in a native language"
1587:, but was eventually supported by President
1234:1978 Hawaiʻi State Constitutional Convention
151:
2704:International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1515:1978 Hawaii State Constitutional Convention
627:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
429:seeks autonomy or independence for Hawaii.
5884:
5859:
5845:
5837:
5602:
5588:
5580:
4940:
4926:
4918:
4695:
4681:
4673:
4666:
3925:
3911:
3903:
3749:
3735:
3727:
3523:
3509:
3501:
2157:Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
1686:In 2005, with the support of U.S. Senator
986:. The traditional instruments include the
181:
167:
150:
2502:
2500:
1828:Indigenous peoples of the Americas portal
1216:Learn how and when to remove this message
647:Learn how and when to remove this message
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
5973:Indigenous peoples by geographic regions
2533:Collins, Kathy (January–February 2008).
2003:. Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii.
1710:(DOI), under the direction of Secretary
6013:Indigenous peoples in the United States
3458:Council for Native Hawaiian Advancement
2823:"Americans overthrow Hawaiian monarchy"
1872:
393:, conquered the independent islands of
6018:Oceanian diaspora in the United States
3419:Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal
3391:Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal
2847:Russo, Carla Herreria (May 31, 2018).
2094:Letourneau, Christian (May 24, 2022).
1119:One of the most important holidays is
4080:"yaqona" (Fiji), or "sakau" (Pohnpei)
3478:"Newsroom: Facts on the the [
2572:Goo, Sara Kehaulani (June 22, 2019).
1764:Asian Pacific American Heritage Month
1732:but the voting itself was not stopped
1497:These paragraphs are an excerpt from
7:
5805:For other topics including Oceanian
4213:French Polynesia's Marquesas Islands
3198:from the original on August 15, 2014
2771:The Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA)
2125:Goldman, Rita (September 21, 2013).
2075:from the original on January 8, 2024
1427:List of elementary schools in Hawaii
1228:Native Hawaiian culture underwent a
1198:adding citations to reliable sources
781:Hawaiian man with his two children,
671:brought by immigrants and visitors.
625:adding citations to reliable sources
208:Regions with significant populations
65:adding citations to reliable sources
3427:William S. Richardson School of Law
3161:Tiangco, Arielle (April 25, 2022).
2959:Apoliona, Haunani (April 3, 2005).
1692:William S. Richardson School of Law
1457:are eligible for an education from
931:gave a tribute to the chief of the
6003:Ethnic groups in the United States
5149:Austral Islands (French Polynesia)
3019:Korn, Cheryl (November 24, 2009).
2899:"Manifest Destiny and the Pacific"
2106:from the original on June 18, 2024
2044:from the original on June 13, 2024
2032:Goldfield, Hannah (May 27, 2024).
1568:created the "Committee of Safety"
1037:. Dancers add to the effect using
25:
3142:Lou, Alicia (December 31, 2022).
2617:Thompson, Rod (January 2, 2007).
1726:, using his earlier precedent in
1671:poll commissioned in 2009 by the
1524:) Native Hawaiians. It relies on
1274:overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
870:, but mostly focuses on the gods
5950:
5935:
5920:
5905:
5890:
4613:World Invitational Hula Festival
3453:Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA)
3373:from the original on May 1, 2015
3309:from the original on May 1, 2015
2286:Trask, Haunani-Kay (July 1991).
2268:Steele, Claire Hiwahiwa (2015).
1997:Beckwith, Martha Warren (1976).
1820:
1806:
1619:United States apology resolution
1564:to the Hawaiian Throne in 1891,
1558:Hawaiian rebellions of 1887–1895
1431:List of middle schools in Hawaii
1174:
597:
41:
6008:Indigenous peoples of Polynesia
4133:Australian Aboriginal astronomy
2793:"OHA gains Waimea Valley title"
2675:. March 1, 2013. Archived from
2334:"The History Of The Hula Dance"
2063:Fawcett, Eliza (May 20, 2023).
1657:U.S. Commission on Civil Rights
1423:Hawai'i Department of Education
1335:. As with other Hawaii locals,
1290:Thirty Meter Telescope protests
1252:Barbers Point Naval Air Station
1185:needs additional citations for
1162:Culture of the Native Hawaiians
773:Culture of the Native Hawaiians
203:156,456 (Native Hawaiian alone)
52:needs additional citations for
5630:Federated States of Micronesia
5513:Indigenous Polynesian (Mā’ohi)
5204:Federated States of Micronesia
4968:Federated States of Micronesia
4723:Federated States of Micronesia
4218:Federated States of Micronesia
2598:Hansen, Liane (May 23, 2002).
2151:Unattributed (July 25, 2007).
1762:; before 2021 it was known as
1661:Hawaiian sovereignty activists
1435:List of high schools in Hawaii
1363:University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
409:to form the kingdom. In 1810,
187:Native Hawaiians performing a
1:
3934:Culture of indigenous Oceania
3036:Grassroot Institute of Hawaii
2600:"Master's Degree in Hawaiian"
2511:(PhD). University of Hawaii.
1933:"Census Profile, 2016 Census"
1851:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
1673:Grassroot Institute of Hawaii
1469:. The largest and wealthiest
1390:
1370:University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo
1347:) in daily life. Pidgin is a
1307:Hawaiian Traditional Language
897:Each island was divided into
845:
782:
740:became the first Hawaiian in
491:
473:
427:Hawaiian sovereignty movement
6023:Culture of the United States
5352:Oceanian legendary creatures
3344:Hawaii State Bar Association
3325:Hanifin, Patrick W. (1982).
3280:Hawaii State Bar Association
2153:"Hawaiian Cultural Heritage"
1613:continental Native Americans
1599:Native American Programs Act
1583:The event was challenged by
5827:Category:Culture of Oceania
2924:"42 USC 2992c: Definitions"
2791:Boyd, Manu (July 3, 2006).
2643:Lyovin, Anatole V. (1997).
2459:Trask, Haunani-Kay (1991).
1910:United States Census Bureau
1787:were given permission from
1560:and after the ascension of
1311:The Hawaiian language (or ʻ
803:Polynesian Voyaging Society
524:by travelling in groups of
6039:
5434:Chatham Islander (Moriori
4342:Weriyeng navigation school
3758:Pacific Islander Americans
2797:Office of Hawaiian Affairs
1776:
1744:Violence Against Women Act
1738:Violence Against Women Act
1507:Office of Hawaiian Affairs
1499:Office of Hawaiian Affairs
1496:
1492:Office of Hawaiian Affairs
1416:
1394:
1299:
1265:
1159:
1144:draping ceremonies, where
770:
725:
589:Hawaii § Demographics
586:
571:, little people who built
443:
389:, of the then-independent
138:
29:
5969:
5882:
5803:
4186:traditions and ceremonies
3940:
3278:(13). Honolulu, HI, USA:
3261:Hanifin, Patrick (2002).
2698:Roth, Randall W. (2002).
2623:archives.starbulletin.com
2239:10.1515/9780824845179-003
1607:. This paved the way for
1282:Waiāhole-Waikāne struggle
1156:Hawaiian cultural revival
1125:Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole
667:were nearly wiped out by
536:and the navigator-priest
385:was formed in 1795, when
298:
275:
241:
200:
180:
166:
157:
5776:Northern Mariana Islands
5236:Northern Mariana Islands
5114:Northern Mariana Islands
4869:Northern Mariana Islands
4645:Festival of Pacific Arts
3425:(2). Honolulu, HI, USA:
3342:(2). Honolulu, HI, USA:
3216:October 5, 2008, at the
2522:(Subscription required.)
1912:. p. 15. C2010BR-12
1779:List of Native Hawaiians
1655:. Opponents include the
1552:United States annexation
1343:(referred to locally as
1268:Native Hawaiian activism
5741:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5079:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4834:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4608:Merrie Monarch Festival
3892:Asian Pacific Americans
3194:. Library of Congress.
2948:s:US Public Law 103-150
2507:Warner, Sam L. (1996).
1746:was amended to include
1678:The bill did not pass.
1441:Department of Education
1419:Hawaii § Education
1341:Hawaiian Creole English
945:refer to themselves as
905:was split into smaller
834:A depiction of a royal
528:, and were followed by
502:U.S. territorial period
352:
346:
340:
335:
141:Kanaka (disambiguation)
5998:Native Hawaiian people
5558:Torres Strait Islander
4949:Literature of Oceania
4310:Micronesian Navigation
3028:grassrootinstitute.org
2966:Honolulu Star-Bulletin
2727:. BRILL. p. 143.
2131:Maui No Ka Oi Magazine
1742:In December 2022, the
1708:Department of Interior
1623:On November 23, 1993,
1570:overthrew the monarchy
1278:Kalama Valley protests
980:percussion instruments
851:
788:
751:, with states such as
470:pre-unification period
457:
32:Demographics of Hawaii
5724:and other territories
5528:Samoan (Tagata Māo‘i)
5414:Indigenous Australian
5312:Australian Aboriginal
5062:and other territories
4817:and other territories
4704:Languages of Oceania
4305:Polynesian Navigation
4285:Torres Strait Islands
3854:Related ethnic groups
2971:Black Press Group Ltd
2969:. Honolulu, HI, USA:
2803:on September 27, 2006
2795:. Honolulu, HI, USA:
2430:"King Kamehameha Day"
2231:Adventuring in Hawaii
2167:on September 16, 2008
1791:(prior emigration of
1463:Bernice Pauahi Bishop
1397:Hawai'i Sign Language
1391:Hawai'i Sign Language
1166:Hawaii § Culture
840:(Hawaiian temple) at
833:
780:
675:had no resistance to
552:, do not mention it.
509:U.S. statehood period
453:
294:Related ethnic groups
256:Hawaiʻi Sign Language
201:527,077 (2010 census)
5611:Religion in Oceania
5543:Taiwanese aborigines
4902:Languages of Oceania
3431:University of Hawaii
3071:. September 23, 2016
3045:on December 23, 2010
3034:. Honolulu, Hawaii:
2679:on November 11, 2019
2541:. Wailuku, HI, USA.
2440:on September 2, 2019
1556:In 1893, during the
1547:Federal developments
1445:Benjamin J. Cayetano
1319:predominantly speak
1194:improve this article
984:traditional chanting
885:Hawaiian culture is
826:Religion and society
820:Mo‘okiha O Pi‘ilani.
621:improve this section
387:Kamehameha the Great
324:Aboriginal Hawaiians
316:Indigenous Hawaiians
61:improve this article
5811:indigenous currency
4105:Sāmoa 'ava ceremony
3237:Llewellyn Worldwide
3148:Honolulu Civil Beat
3032:Zogby International
2874:"Untitled Document"
2483:Honolulu Civil Beat
2409:www.timeanddate.com
2292:Stanford Law Review
1783:In 1873, the first
1669:Zogby International
1133:King Kamehameha day
153:
5868:Indigenous peoples
4421:Polynesian sailing
3882:Oceanian Americans
3635:White and European
3474:U.S. Census Bureau
3335:Hawaii Bar Journal
3271:Hawaii Bar Journal
3167:The Optimist Daily
3123:. February 7, 2019
2535:"Da Muddah Tongue"
2338:EverydayHealth.com
2069:The New York Times
2000:Hawaiian mythology
1841:Hawaiian home land
1632:Apology Resolution
1562:Queen Liliuokalani
1467:Kamehameha Dynasty
1459:Kamehameha Schools
1449:language immersion
852:
789:
458:
455:King Kamehameha II
76:"Native Hawaiians"
5980:
5979:
5964:
5963:
5834:
5833:
5799:
5798:
5791:Wallis and Futuna
5699:Associated states
5296:Wallis and Futuna
5137:
5136:
5129:Wallis and Futuna
5037:Associated states
4908:
4907:
4892:
4891:
4884:Wallis and Futuna
4792:Associated states
4640:Pacific Community
4628:Pasifika Festival
4361:Aboriginal dugout
4300:Wallis and Futuna
3900:
3899:
3887:Pacific Islanders
3825:French Polynesian
3724:
3723:
3531:Ethnic groups in
2878:www.dartmouth.edu
2734:978-90-04-26172-3
2654:978-0-19-508116-9
2485:. August 30, 2019
2384:www.to-hawaii.com
2248:978-0-8248-4517-9
2182:Navigating Change
1975:978-0-521-78309-5
1937:Statistics Canada
1856:History of Hawaii
1836:Culture of Hawaii
1302:Hawaiian language
1296:Hawaiian language
1226:
1225:
1218:
728:Hawaiian diaspora
657:
656:
649:
542:Abraham Fornander
511:(1959 to present)
446:History of Hawaii
391:island of Hawaiʻi
376:Hawaiian religion
361:Polynesian people
309:
308:
304:Pacific Islanders
285:Hawaiian religion
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
6030:
5954:
5939:
5924:
5909:
5894:
5885:
5861:
5854:
5847:
5838:
5781:Pitcairn Islands
5751:French Polynesia
5736:Christmas Island
5665:Papua New Guinea
5645:Marshall Islands
5618:Sovereign states
5604:
5597:
5590:
5581:
5498:Norfolk Islander
5443:Fijian (iTaukei)
5246:Papua New Guinea
5119:Pitcairn Islands
5089:French Polynesia
5074:Christmas Island
5003:Papua New Guinea
4983:Marshall Islands
4956:Sovereign states
4942:
4935:
4928:
4919:
4874:Pitcairn Islands
4844:French Polynesia
4829:Christmas Island
4758:Papua New Guinea
4738:Marshall Islands
4711:Sovereign states
4697:
4690:
4683:
4674:
4667:
4652:Papua New Guinea
4315:Marshall Islands
4265:Pitcairn Islands
4260:Papua New Guinea
4200:Lomilomi massage
4146:Caroline Islands
4019:Papua New Guinea
3927:
3920:
3913:
3904:
3835:Native Hawaiians
3751:
3744:
3737:
3728:
3525:
3518:
3511:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3442:
3416:
3406:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3372:
3331:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3308:
3267:
3220:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3113:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3044:
3038:. Archived from
3025:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2956:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2884:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2799:. Archived from
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2763:
2757:
2756:
2745:
2739:
2738:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2614:
2608:
2607:
2595:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2549:. Archived from
2530:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2504:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2436:. Archived from
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2298:(6): 1197–1213.
2283:
2274:
2273:
2265:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2223:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2209:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2163:. Archived from
2148:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2029:
2023:
2022:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1947:
1941:
1940:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1907:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1846:Hawaiian kinship
1830:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1811:
1810:
1809:
1728:Rice v. Cayetano
1589:William McKinley
1585:Grover Cleveland
1339:typically speak
1327:(as well as non-
1286:Kahoolawe island
1221:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1201:
1178:
1170:
1121:Prince Kuhio Day
850:
847:
811:and followed by
787:
784:
767:Culture and arts
734:Hawaiian Kingdom
716:Pacific Islander
712:2000 U.S. census
708:1900 U.S. census
652:
645:
641:
638:
632:
601:
593:
496:
493:
478:
475:
434:2010 U.S. census
383:Hawaiian Kingdom
365:Hawaiian Islands
355:
349:
343:
312:Native Hawaiians
196:Total population
185:
171:
154:
152:Native Hawaiians
132:
125:
121:
118:
112:
110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
6038:
6037:
6033:
6032:
6031:
6029:
6028:
6027:
5993:Native Hawaiian
5983:
5982:
5981:
5976:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5945:
5940:
5930:
5925:
5915:
5910:
5900:
5895:
5878:
5865:
5835:
5830:
5795:
5723:
5717:
5700:
5694:
5675:Solomon Islands
5613:
5608:
5572:
5402:
5381:
5300:
5266:Solomon Islands
5133:
5061:
5055:
5038:
5032:
5013:Solomon Islands
4951:
4946:
4904:
4888:
4816:
4810:
4793:
4787:
4768:Solomon Islands
4706:
4701:
4656:
4603:Aloha Festivals
4578:
4452:
4411:Paopao (Tuvalu)
4401:Māori migration
4349:
4321:Stick charts of
4275:Solomon Islands
4158:Chatham Islands
4120:
4114:
4063:
3943:
3936:
3931:
3901:
3896:
3870:
3849:
3811:
3778:
3760:
3755:
3725:
3720:
3684:
3618:
3572:
3551:
3535:
3529:
3491:
3489:
3488:on May 16, 2012
3472:
3468:Ka Huli Ao Blog
3449:
3414:
3409:
3388:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3329:
3324:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3265:
3260:
3229:
3227:Further reading
3224:
3223:
3218:Wayback Machine
3208:
3201:
3199:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3159:
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3141:
3140:
3136:
3126:
3124:
3121:www.voanews.com
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2735:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2673:Washington Post
2667:
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2655:
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2641:
2637:
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2616:
2615:
2611:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2582:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2553:on June 5, 2013
2532:
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2472:
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2441:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2402:
2398:
2388:
2386:
2380:"Hawaiian luau"
2378:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2342:
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2332:
2331:
2327:
2304:10.2307/1229037
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2011:
1996:
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1976:
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1926:
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1826:
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1807:
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1802:
1781:
1775:
1756:
1740:
1724:Anthony Kennedy
1704:
1684:
1644:
1621:
1601:
1580:military base.
1554:
1549:
1544:
1543:
1513:created by the
1502:
1494:
1479:gifted students
1437:
1415:
1399:
1393:
1309:
1304:
1298:
1270:
1264:
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1211:
1205:
1202:
1191:
1179:
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959:
895:
848:
828:
816:Alingano Maisu,
785:
775:
769:
736:. For example,
730:
724:
659:At the time of
653:
642:
636:
633:
618:
602:
591:
585:
546:Martha Beckwith
518:
494:
476:
460:The history of
448:
442:
372:Society Islands
314:(also known as
289:
266:
262:Hawaiian Pidgin
202:
191:
176:
162:
161:, Hawaiʻi Maoli
149:
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133:
122:
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70:
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58:
46:
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15:
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5804:
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5797:
5796:
5794:
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5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5771:Norfolk Island
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5731:American Samoa
5727:
5725:
5719:
5718:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5704:
5702:
5701:of New Zealand
5696:
5695:
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5139:
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5109:Norfolk Island
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5069:American Samoa
5065:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5042:
5040:
5039:of New Zealand
5034:
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5015:
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5000:
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4864:Norfolk Island
4861:
4856:
4851:
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4831:
4826:
4824:American Samoa
4820:
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4808:
4803:
4797:
4795:
4794:of New Zealand
4789:
4788:
4786:
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4755:
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4610:
4605:
4597:
4596:
4595:
4593:Garma Festival
4586:
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4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4366:Alingano Maisu
4363:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4338:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4250:Norfolk Island
4247:
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4205:
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4203:
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4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3977:kapa (Hawaiʻi)
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3932:
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3929:
3922:
3915:
3907:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3876:
3875:Related topics
3872:
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3837:
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3448:
3447:External links
3445:
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3386:
3322:
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3240:
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3183:
3153:
3134:
3108:
3082:
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3011:
2951:
2940:
2915:
2903:gorhistory.com
2890:
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2325:
2275:
2260:
2247:
2215:
2204:. May 11, 2015
2186:
2143:
2117:
2086:
2055:
2038:The New Yorker
2024:
2009:
1989:
1974:
1956:
1942:
1924:
1893:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
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1831:
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1801:
1798:
1777:Main article:
1774:
1768:
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1700:
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1640:
1625:U.S. President
1620:
1617:
1600:
1597:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1503:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1471:private school
1414:
1411:
1403:'Ōlelo Hawai'i
1395:Main article:
1392:
1389:
1355:ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi
1308:
1305:
1300:Main article:
1297:
1294:
1263:
1260:
1224:
1223:
1182:
1180:
1173:
1157:
1154:
1077:
1074:
958:
955:
894:
891:
862:) and family (
842:Kealakekua Bay
827:
824:
793:Bernice Pauahi
771:Main article:
768:
765:
723:
720:
689:whooping cough
655:
654:
605:
603:
596:
584:
581:
517:
514:
513:
512:
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504:(1898 to 1959)
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174:Flag of Hawaii
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24:
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5990:
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5959:
5958:
5957:South America
5953:
5947:
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5929:
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5927:North America
5923:
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5902:
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5792:
5789:
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5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5766:New Caledonia
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
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5752:
5749:
5747:
5746:Easter Island
5744:
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5214:New Caledonia
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5200:
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
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5177:
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5172:
5170:
5169:Easter Island
5167:
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5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5130:
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5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5105:
5104:New Caledonia
5102:
5100:
5097:
5095:
5092:
5090:
5087:
5085:
5084:Easter Island
5082:
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5077:
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5072:
5070:
5067:
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5064:
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4938:
4936:
4931:
4929:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4903:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4882:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4859:New Caledonia
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4839:Easter Island
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4813:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4705:
4698:
4693:
4691:
4686:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4675:
4672:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4659:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4642:
4641:
4638:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4581:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4449:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4381:Dugout (boat)
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4352:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4337:
4336:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4327:
4323:
4322:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4228:New Caledonia
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4168:Easter Island
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4134:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:Geo-specific,
4117:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4068:Broad culture
4066:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3935:
3928:
3923:
3921:
3916:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3905:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3873:
3867:
3866:New Zealander
3864:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3852:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3818:
3814:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3775:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3738:
3733:
3732:
3729:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3687:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3526:
3521:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3487:
3483:
3481:
3475:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3336:
3328:
3323:
3321:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3264:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3184:
3180:
3168:
3164:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3145:
3138:
3135:
3127:September 18,
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3101:September 18,
3097:
3093:
3086:
3083:
3075:September 18,
3070:
3066:
3060:
3057:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3012:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2944:
2941:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2916:
2908:September 18,
2904:
2900:
2894:
2891:
2883:September 18,
2879:
2875:
2869:
2866:
2858:September 18,
2854:
2850:
2843:
2840:
2832:September 18,
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2784:
2772:
2768:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2744:
2741:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2717:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2691:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2636:
2624:
2620:
2613:
2610:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2591:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2526:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2484:
2480:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2452:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2385:
2381:
2375:
2372:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2305:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2261:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2227:"2. Hawai' i"
2222:
2220:
2216:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2118:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2090:
2087:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2056:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2010:0-8248-0514-3
2006:
2002:
2001:
1993:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1967:
1960:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1818:
1815:
1814:Hawaii portal
1804:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1789:King Lunalilo
1786:
1780:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1706:In 2016, the
1701:
1699:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1688:Daniel Inouye
1681:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1500:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1378:United States
1375:
1371:
1368:In 2006, the
1366:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1333:ʻŌlelo Hawaii
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1313:Ōlelo Hawaiʻi
1306:
1303:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1246:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1220:
1217:
1209:
1206:February 2024
1199:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1183:This section
1181:
1177:
1172:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1067:
1062:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1008:ʻphe hano ihu
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
971:
967:
963:
956:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
909:
904:
900:
892:
890:
888:
883:
881:
877:
876:Papahānaumoku
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
843:
839:
838:
832:
825:
823:
821:
817:
814:
810:
809:
804:
799:
797:
796:Bishop Museum
794:
779:
774:
766:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
729:
721:
719:
717:
713:
709:
704:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
651:
648:
640:
637:February 2024
630:
626:
622:
616:
615:
611:
606:This section
604:
600:
595:
594:
590:
582:
580:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
556:claimed that
555:
554:King Kalākaua
551:
550:Patrick Kirch
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
515:
510:
506:
503:
499:
489:
485:
481:
471:
467:
466:
465:
463:
456:
452:
447:
439:
437:
435:
430:
428:
424:
420:
419:United States
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
379:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
359:
354:
353:Hawaiʻi maoli
348:
342:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
305:
301:
297:
292:
286:
283:
281:
278:
277:
274:
269:
263:
260:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
240:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
213:United States
211:
206:
199:
194:
190:
184:
179:
175:
170:
165:
160:
155:
146:
142:
131:
128:
120:
117:February 2024
109:
106:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
5971:
5949:
5934:
5919:
5904:
5889:
5722:Dependencies
5708:Cook Islands
5447:
5419:Austronesian
5164:Cook Islands
5060:Dependencies
5046:Cook Islands
4815:Dependencies
4801:Cook Islands
4624:New Zealand
4479:fire dancing
4340:
4333:
4319:
4198:
4184:
4177:
4163:Cook Islands
4149:
4110:Wood carving
4085:Kava culture
3972:Cook Islands
3834:
3784:Micronesians
3695:
3563:Puerto Rican
3490:. Retrieved
3486:the original
3479:
3422:
3418:
3394:
3390:
3375:. Retrieved
3339:
3333:
3311:. Retrieved
3275:
3269:
3239:, Ltd., 2000
3200:. Retrieved
3186:
3177:
3170:. Retrieved
3166:
3156:
3147:
3137:
3125:. Retrieved
3120:
3111:
3099:. Retrieved
3095:
3085:
3073:. Retrieved
3068:
3059:
3047:. Retrieved
3040:the original
3027:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2964:
2954:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2927:
2918:
2906:. Retrieved
2902:
2893:
2881:. Retrieved
2877:
2868:
2856:. Retrieved
2852:
2842:
2830:. Retrieved
2826:
2817:
2805:. Retrieved
2801:the original
2786:
2774:. Retrieved
2770:
2767:"What We Do"
2761:
2753:
2743:
2723:
2716:
2707:
2703:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2677:the original
2672:
2663:
2644:
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2622:
2612:
2603:
2593:
2581:. Retrieved
2577:
2567:
2555:. Retrieved
2551:the original
2538:
2528:
2508:
2487:. Retrieved
2482:
2473:
2465:Border/Lines
2464:
2454:
2444:September 2,
2442:. Retrieved
2438:the original
2433:
2424:
2412:. Retrieved
2408:
2399:
2387:. Retrieved
2383:
2374:
2364:September 1,
2362:. Retrieved
2353:
2343:September 1,
2341:. Retrieved
2337:
2328:
2295:
2291:
2269:
2263:
2252:, retrieved
2230:
2206:. Retrieved
2201:
2181:
2178:
2171:September 6,
2169:. Retrieved
2165:the original
2156:
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2099:
2089:
2077:. Retrieved
2068:
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2037:
2027:
1999:
1992:
1965:
1959:
1945:
1927:
1914:. Retrieved
1896:
1793:Kānaka Maoli
1792:
1785:Kānaka Maoli
1784:
1782:
1772:Kānaka Maoli
1771:
1757:
1748:Kānaka Maoli
1747:
1741:
1720:Kānaka Maoli
1719:
1716:Kānaka Maoli
1715:
1712:Sally Jewell
1705:
1696:
1685:
1677:
1665:
1653:Linda Lingle
1645:
1636:Kānaka Maoli
1635:
1628:Bill Clinton
1622:
1609:Kānaka Maoli
1608:
1605:Kānaka Maoli
1604:
1602:
1593:Kānaka Maoli
1592:
1582:
1578:Pearl Harbor
1566:Sanford Dole
1555:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1522:Kānaka Maoli
1521:
1519:
1504:
1486:Kānaka Maoli
1485:
1483:
1475:Kānaka Maoli
1474:
1455:Kānaka Maoli
1454:
1453:
1438:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1382:
1367:
1354:
1353:
1337:Kānaka Maoli
1336:
1332:
1329:Kānaka Maoli
1328:
1325:Kānaka Maoli
1324:
1317:Kānaka Maoli
1316:
1312:
1310:
1271:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1227:
1212:
1203:
1192:Please help
1187:verification
1184:
1149:
1146:Kānaka Maoli
1145:
1137:Kamehameha I
1129:Kānaka Maoli
1128:
1118:
1111:
1105:
1098:
1092:
1086:
1079:
1072:are common.
1060:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
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665:Kānaka Maoli
664:
661:Captain Cook
658:
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634:
619:Please help
607:
583:Demographics
566:
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482:the unified
462:Kānaka Maoli
461:
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341:kānaka ʻōiwi
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320:Kānaka Maoli
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280:Christianity
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5655:New Zealand
5488:Micronesian
5478:Marshallese
5347:Micronesian
5219:New Zealand
5159:Austronesia
4993:New Zealand
4897:by category
4748:New Zealand
4633:Te Matatini
4484:firewalking
4233:New Zealand
4179:Lau Islands
4141:Austronesia
4009:nguzu nguzu
3997:New Zealand
3967:Austronesia
3817:Polynesians
3802:Micronesian
3797:Marshallese
3766:Melanesians
3701:Marshallese
2933:November 3,
2776:February 4,
2750:respondents
2557:October 18,
2414:February 4,
2389:February 4,
2254:November 7,
2208:November 7,
2202:US Travelia
2136:February 4,
1230:renaissance
1061:Hula ʻAuana
976:Hula Kahiko
970:Hula ʻAuana
966:Hula Kahiko
893:Land tenure
849: 1816
786: 1890
495: 1800
477: 1800
300:Polynesians
229:New Zealand
5987:Categories
5508:Polynesian
5483:Melanesian
5424:Sama-Bajau
5357:Polynesian
5337:Melanesian
5322:Mangarevan
5199:Micronesia
4914:Literature
4589:Australia
4335:navigation
3861:Australian
3670:Portuguese
3397:(2): 117.
3202:August 18,
2434:hawaii.com
2179:Hōkūleʻa's
2177:Discusses
1908:(Report).
1867:References
1417:See also:
1401:Alongside
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1160:See also:
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753:California
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4963:Australia
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4662:Languages
4583:Festivals
4509:kapa haka
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4128:Australia
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2991:433678262
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2489:August 6,
2312:0038-9765
1916:March 10,
1530:moʻomeheu
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1099:lomi-lomi
1024:pahupahu
988:pahu hula
947:kama'aina
937:feudalism
813:Makali'i,
761:Las Vegas
677:influenza
608:does not
577:fishponds
560:was from
530:Tahitians
522:Marquesas
328:Hawaiians
237:Languages
5819:folklore
5640:Kiribati
5577:Religion
5563:Visayans
5538:Tahitian
5518:Rapa Nui
5448:Hawaiian
5429:Chamorro
5386:Research
5372:Tuvaluan
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5342:Menehune
5184:Kiribati
4978:Kiribati
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3556:Americas
3368:Archived
3304:Archived
3214:Archived
3196:Archived
3096:HuffPost
3069:NBC News
2853:HuffPost
2683:March 9,
2513:ProQuest
2110:June 18,
2104:Archived
2079:June 18,
2073:Archived
2048:June 18,
2042:Archived
1984:57218655
1800:See also
1770:Notable
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1262:Activism
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693:Americas
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490:period (
488:republic
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5870:of the
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4121:general
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3492:June 2,
3439:1758956
3429:at the
3403:2126441
3384:Alt URL
3377:June 2,
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3320:Alt URL
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3049:June 2,
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2999:2268098
2987:9188300
2827:HISTORY
2807:May 19,
2604:npr.org
2320:1229037
2100:Fodor's
2019:5773353
1465:of the
1405:, some
1385:Niʻihau
1359:English
1321:English
1070:guitars
1055:kalaʻau
927:. Each
742:Prussia
685:measles
629:removed
614:sources
516:Origins
440:History
432:In the
415:Niʻihau
363:of the
246:English
216:527,077
101:scholar
5897:Africa
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3435:SSRN
3399:SSRN
3379:2012
3356:OCLC
3348:ISSN
3340:XVII
3315:2012
3292:OCLC
3284:ISSN
3204:2014
3174:2024
3129:2020
3103:2020
3077:2020
3051:2012
3006:2012
2983:OCLC
2975:ISSN
2935:2021
2910:2020
2885:2020
2860:2020
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2809:2012
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2649:ISBN
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2308:ISSN
2256:2020
2243:ISBN
2210:2020
2173:2008
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2112:2024
2081:2024
2050:2024
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1980:OCLC
1970:ISBN
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