427:
24:
421:
203:
in
September 1230. The lack of sunlight caused cold so severe, winter clothing was necessary in spring and summer. The relief efforts by Emperor and Shogunate were generally ineffective, as no food was available at all. To ease population mobility in the worst stricken areas,
208:
was legalized in 1231, among other means - confiscations and forced food distribution. The social order broke down, and bands of marauding robbers (including former
Buddhist monks) became common. The strife spilled even to
198:
The anomalous cold weather started in 1229, resulting in a shortage of food. As the excessive rains, cold spells and blizzards destroyed crops in July 1230, the shortage developed into famine, and people started to die
358:"Ukraine has experienced years of famine, notwithstanding the fact that it has some of the richest soil in the world. Historically this was related to climatic conditions or disruptions caused by military conflicts"
250:
217:
raided coastal towns for food. The weather reversed to warm in winter of 1230-1231, again resulting in crop failure in 1231, this time due to lack of soil moisture and scarcity of seeds.
195:. The famine was severe throughout Japan. It was caused by cold weather caused probably by volcanic eruptions, coupled later with a general breakdown of society.
467:
383:"A famine in 1215 forced Novgorodians to eats bark and sell their children into slavery, and in 1230 the city was racked once again by hunger"
282:"Controlling factors in stalagmite oxygen isotopic composition and the paleoprecipitation record for the last 1,100 years in Northeast Japan"
491:
340:
107:
330:
516:
45:
88:
511:
460:
41:
60:
122:
357:
67:
228:), meaning the Kanki famine may be the worst in Japanese history. In the same years, the great famine also struck
486:
453:
74:
496:
34:
405:
255:
56:
506:
501:
296:
188:
281:
183:. The famine is considered to have begun in 1230 and lasted until 1231. It was named after the
336:
205:
192:
304:
245:
180:
81:
300:
437:
260:
229:
382:
480:
426:
23:
220:
Overall, about one third of the population of Japan perished (dead numbering
137:
124:
308:
420:
233:
214:
210:
176:
184:
17:
251:
Demographic history of Japan before the Meiji
Restoration
441:
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
164:
404:This page is based on Japanese Knowledge page
158:
461:
8:
332:Japan To 1600: A Social and Economic History
436:This Japanese history–related article is a
335:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 116.
468:
454:
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
280:Kato, Hirokazu; Yamada, Tsutomu (2016).
272:
187:era (1229–1232), during the reign of
7:
416:
414:
46:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
425:
419:
179:which affected Japan during the
22:
356:Makuch, Andrij; Markus, Vasyl.
33:needs additional citations for
329:Farris, William Wayne (2009).
1:
362:www.encyclopediaofukraine.com
440:. You can help Knowledge by
213:, as starving residents of
165:
533:
492:Natural disasters in Japan
413:
191:. The shogun of Japan was
408:, accessed 16 July 2019.
159:
138:35.011667°N 135.768333°E
309:10.2343/geochemj.2.0417
517:Japanese history stubs
143:35.011667; 135.768333
512:13th-century famines
42:improve this article
301:2016GeocJ..50E...1K
289:Geochemical Journal
256:Kan'ei Great Famine
189:Emperor Go-Horikawa
134: /
171:, also spelled as
449:
448:
206:human trafficking
118:
117:
110:
92:
524:
487:Famines in Japan
470:
463:
456:
431:
430:
429:
423:
415:
398:
397:
395:
393:
379:
373:
372:
370:
368:
353:
347:
346:
326:
320:
319:
317:
315:
286:
277:
227:
223:
170:
168:
162:
161:
149:
148:
146:
145:
144:
139:
135:
132:
131:
130:
127:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
532:
531:
527:
526:
525:
523:
522:
521:
477:
476:
475:
474:
424:
418:
411:
402:
401:
391:
389:
381:
380:
376:
366:
364:
355:
354:
350:
343:
328:
327:
323:
313:
311:
284:
279:
278:
274:
269:
246:List of famines
242:
225:
221:
181:Kamakura period
156:
142:
140:
136:
133:
128:
125:
123:
121:
120:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
530:
528:
520:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
497:1230s in Japan
494:
489:
479:
478:
473:
472:
465:
458:
450:
447:
446:
433:
400:
399:
374:
348:
341:
321:
271:
270:
268:
265:
264:
263:
258:
253:
248:
241:
238:
193:Kujō Yoritsune
166:Kanki no kikin
116:
115:
57:"Kanki famine"
30:
28:
21:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
529:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
482:
471:
466:
464:
459:
457:
452:
451:
445:
443:
439:
434:
428:
422:
417:
412:
409:
407:
388:
384:
378:
375:
363:
359:
352:
349:
344:
342:9780824833794
338:
334:
333:
325:
322:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
283:
276:
273:
266:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
247:
244:
243:
239:
237:
235:
231:
218:
216:
212:
207:
202:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
167:
155:
150:
147:
112:
109:
101:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
507:1231 in Asia
502:1230 in Asia
442:expanding it
435:
432:
410:
403:
390:. Retrieved
387:oocities.org
386:
377:
365:. Retrieved
361:
351:
331:
324:
312:. Retrieved
292:
288:
275:
219:
200:
197:
173:Kangi famine
172:
154:Kanki famine
153:
151:
119:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
261:Yōwa famine
230:Kievan Rus'
141: /
129:135°46′06″E
481:Categories
267:References
126:35°00′42″N
68:newspapers
295:(2): e4.
226:2,000,000
222:1,500,000
98:July 2019
240:See also
234:Novgorod
201:en masse
175:, was a
392:16 July
367:16 July
314:16 July
297:Bibcode
82:scholar
339:
215:Kyushu
211:Goryeo
177:famine
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
406:寛喜の飢饉
285:(PDF)
185:Kangi
160:寛喜の飢饉
89:JSTOR
75:books
438:stub
394:2019
369:2019
337:ISBN
316:2019
232:and
152:The
61:news
305:doi
44:by
483::
385:.
360:.
303:.
293:50
291:.
287:.
236:.
163:,
469:e
462:t
455:v
444:.
396:.
371:.
345:.
318:.
307::
299::
224:-
169:)
157:(
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
38:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
