146:
Assyrian royal court, in the hopes of creating a treaty. Esarhaddon pleaded to
Shamash, asking whether he should agree to the peace or interrogate the messenger and kill him. A subsequent oracle request suggests that peace was never achieved. Instead, the Assyrians possibly mounted a retaliation against Kaštaritu and his forces, with the intention of finally ending attacks from Kaštaritu. Kaštaritu's alliance was divided due to internal disagreements, and Kaštaritu's campaign in Assyria ended before 673 BCE. Some Scythian tribes continued attacks into Assyria. Other Scythian tribes, under the leadership of
122:. Oracles were commonly sought by Assyrian rulers for such occasions, invoking the gods to assess the situation and guide them towards help. Esarhaddon was no stranger to such practice, frequently turning to these oracles for advice. Before decisions could be made by these oracles, animals would be sacrificed and omens would then be interpreted based on the positions of the carcasses. Decisions would then be made based on these omens. In this instance, Esarhaddon turned to a priest of the sun god,
283:: "In one query Esarhaddon asks whether a Median chieftain by the name of Mamitiarshu and Kashtariti would become hostile to the Assyrians In several questions Esarhaddon asks whether Kashtariti with his troops, as well as his Cimmerian, Median and Mannean allies would conquer some particular cities."
130:, describe multiple "oracle requests" in relation to Kaštaritu in particular. Among the questions raised to Shamash during these oracle requests were whether Kaštaritu was a threat to the Assyrians, and whether he would conquer several Assyrian cities. Kaštaritu had asked another Median chieftain,
145:
It is clear that Kaštaritu's incursions were not a sole occurrence as
Esarhaddon had constantly sought oracles to help deal with his bothersome campaign into Assyrian territories. One oracle request suggests that Kaštaritu attempted to make peace with the Assyrians. He sent a messenger to the
259:, p. 334: "Esarhaddon, being hard pressed by a group of nations to the northeast of Assyria, led by a certain Kashtariti, and among whose followers the Gimirrites, the Medes, and Manneans are the most prominent, asks for an oracle from Shamash as to the outcome of the situation."
295:, pp. 353–354: "On one occasion it was Kashtariti, the regent of Karkashshi, who wrote to Mamitiarshu, one of the Median princes, to induce him to make common cause with himself in attacking the fortress of Kishshashshu on the eastern border of the empire."
319:, p. 354: "At another time we find the same chief plotting with the Mannai and the Saparda to raid the town of Kilmân, and Esarhaddon implores the god to show him how the place may be saved from their machinations."
150:, sought to marry Esarhaddon's daughter to create an alliance with Esarhaddon as a means to end the hostilities. Other Median tribes in Kaštaritu's alliance also settled peace with the Assyrians.
138:. One recorded oracle request purports that Esarhaddon feared the loss of the city to the Medians. Kaštaritu also planned a raid on the Assyrian town of Kilmân with the Mannaeans and
355:, p. 28: "t irm, positive answer to what I am askdon, ki the messenger of his choice tar of Karkashshi? n , king of Assyria, ashtaritu, sors, that messenger, , kill him?"
110:. Some scholars, however, deny such a connection based on historical evidence and linguistic differences in the native Iranian names of the two rulers.
74:
chieftain. He is mentioned as "King of the Medes" in an inscription dated 678 BCE. His lands were presumably located along the northeastern border of
885:
620:
271:, p. 28: " All come from Nineveh (Kouyundjik) and belong to the category of 'oracle requests' addressed to the Mesopotamian sun god, Shamash.
895:
197:
171:
205:
235:: "KASHTARITI (kaš-ta-ri-ti, the Old Iranian Khshathrita), a city lord of Karkashshi which was located in the Central Zagros mountains."
522:
488:
191:
31:
719:
223:, p. 375: "In an inscription dated in 678 B.C., Kash-tariti, according to Boscawen, is called "King of the Medes".
613:
589:
545:
176:
402:
450:
890:
606:
79:
50:
464:
393:
75:
166:
131:
807:
792:
693:
518:
484:
201:
827:
648:
474:
880:
776:
714:
644:
422:
504:
843:
709:
418:
874:
118:
Assyrian texts mention Kaštaritu's incursions into
Assyria, then under leadership of
479:
444:
539:
508:
468:
426:
397:
771:
797:
727:
119:
87:
751:
514:
135:
107:
95:
91:
17:
817:
766:
761:
676:
664:
147:
126:, for guidance. Tablets dating from the 7th-century BCE, mostly found in
822:
812:
746:
583:
473:, Handbooks on the history of religions ;v. 2, Boston: Ginn & Co.,
139:
127:
123:
106:
It has been suggested that Kaštaritu can be identified as Median king
859:
756:
670:
44:
802:
629:
510:
The
Persian Empire: A Corpus of Sources from the Achaemenid Period
83:
71:
598:
602:
65:
852:
836:
785:
739:
702:
686:
657:
637:
431:, London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge
193:
Iranica in the
Achaemenid Period (ca. 550-330 B.C.)
134:, for assistance in attacking the Assyrian city of
428:The Passing of the Empires: 850 B.C. to 330 B.C.
614:
8:
621:
607:
599:
559:
541:A History of the Babylonians and Assyrians
78:. Amongst his possessions was the city of
478:
376:
328:
316:
304:
292:
256:
244:
220:
158:
280:
232:
172:Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus
82:. Kaštariti forged an alliance of the
470:The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria
364:
352:
340:
268:
7:
398:"The Beginnings of Persian History"
538:Goodspeed, George Stephen (1902),
25:
886:7th-century BC monarchs in Asia
36:
844:Monarchs of the Median dynasty
196:. Peeters Publishers. p.
1:
896:7th-century BC Iranian people
720:Battle of the Persian Border
167:"Kaštaritu [1] (PN)"
66:
45:
912:
513:, Abingdon-on-Thames, UK:
177:University of Pennsylvania
54:
35:
580:
573:
567:
562:
724:Siege of Pasargadae Hill
703:Battles involving Persia
687:Battles involving Lydia
480:2027/mdp.39015008683719
406:, vol. XLI, London
190:Tavernier, Jan (2007).
423:Sayce, Archibald Henry
70:; fl. 670s BCE) was a
32:Neo-Assyrian Akkadian
728:Battle of Pasargadae
673:(Shahre Rey, Tehran)
451:Encyclopædia Iranica
575:Lord of Kār-Kaššî
546:C. Scribner's Sons
379:, pp. 292–293
868:
867:
793:Amytis of Babylon
694:Eclipse of Thales
597:
596:
581:Succeeded by
396:(16 April 1892),
394:Howorth, Henry H.
207:978-9-042-91833-7
98:against Assyria.
64:
43:
16:(Redirected from
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732:Fall of Ecbatana
649:Iranian language
623:
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568:Preceded by
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443:Dandamayev, M.,
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21:
911:
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906:
905:
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781:
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735:
715:Battle of Hyrba
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645:Median language
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627:
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102:Identification
100:
24:
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786:Other Medians
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636:
631:
624:
619:
617:
612:
610:
605:
604:
601:
592:
591:
590:King of Medes
585:
578:fl. 670s BCE
576:
566:
561:
547:
543:
542:
536:
526:
524:9781136016943
520:
516:
512:
511:
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505:Kuhrt, Amélie
502:
492:
490:9780790511658
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331:, p. 338
330:
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247:, p. 333
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549:, retrieved
544:, New York:
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528:, retrieved
509:
494:, retrieved
469:
454:, retrieved
445:
433:, retrieved
427:
408:, retrieved
401:
372:
360:
348:
343:, p. 28
336:
329:Jastrow 1898
324:
317:Maspero 1900
312:
305:Jastrow 1898
300:
293:Maspero 1900
288:
276:
264:
257:Jastrow 1898
252:
245:Jastrow 1898
240:
228:
221:Howorth 1892
216:
192:
185:
170:
161:
144:
117:
105:
57:𐎧𐏁𐎰𐎼𐎡𐎫
27:
26:
772:Cyaxares II
403:The Academy
132:Mamitiarshu
51:Old Persian
875:Categories
798:Artembares
679:(Nahavand)
446:Kashtariti
365:Kuhrt 2007
353:Kuhrt 2007
341:Kuhrt 2007
281:Dandamayev
269:Kuhrt 2007
233:Dandamayev
154:References
120:Esarhaddon
88:Cimmerians
37:𒁹𒁉𒋫𒊑𒌅
18:Kashtariti
752:Phraortes
667:(Hamadan)
515:Routledge
136:Kishsassu
108:Phraortes
96:Scythians
92:Mannaeans
86:with the
80:Kār-Kaššî
46:Kaštaritu
28:Kaštaritu
818:Harpagus
767:Astyages
762:Cyaxares
677:Laodicea
665:Ecbatana
638:Language
507:(2007),
467:(1898),
421:(1900),
148:Bartatua
67:Xšaθrita
853:Related
828:Mandane
823:Aryenis
813:Mazares
747:Deioces
584:Deioces
570:unknown
425:(ed.),
386:Sources
140:Saparda
128:Nineveh
124:Shamash
76:Assyria
881:678 BC
860:Medism
808:Gubaru
757:Madyes
671:Rhagae
658:Cities
632:topics
630:Median
551:8 June
530:7 June
521:
496:6 June
487:
456:7 June
435:7 June
410:8 June
204:
94:, and
72:Median
837:Lists
803:Datis
114:Reign
84:Medes
553:2015
532:2015
519:ISBN
498:2015
485:ISBN
458:2015
437:2015
412:2015
202:ISBN
588:as
475:hdl
877::
647:,
517:,
483:,
449:,
400:,
200:.
198:23
175:.
169:.
142:.
90:,
61:,
53::
49:;
40:,
34::
622:e
615:t
608:v
477::
210:.
179:.
30:(
20:)
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