494:, Poland. That was due largely to an investigation based on allegations of his improper behavior at Buchenwald, which included corruption, fraud, embezzlement, drunkenness, sexual offences and a murder. Koch commanded the Majdanek camp for only one year; he was relieved from his duties while 86 Soviet POWs escaped from the camp in August 1942. Koch was charged with criminal negligence and transferred to Berlin, where he worked at the
514:, a head hospital orderly at Buchenwald, which he recognized because Krämer had successfully treated him in the past. Hereditary Prince Josias investigated the case and found that Koch, as the Camp Commandant, had ordered Krämer and Karl Peix, a hospital attendant, killed as "political prisoners" because they had treated him for
531:. As a result of the investigation, more of Koch's orders to kill prisoners at the camp were revealed, as well as embezzlement of property stolen from prisoners. The Kochs had used the massive Nazi apparatus to gain an enormous amount of wealth. The Kochs were both arrested in August 1943 to await trial by an SS court.
556:
571:), usually rendered in English as "The Bitch of Buchenwald." Though Ilse Koch never had any official job at Buchenwald or at any other concentration camp, many inmates alleged that she used the tacit authority she had as the commandant's wife to abuse prisoners, or seek their punishment by the camp SS.
538:
formally indicted the Kochs on 17 August 1944, charging Karl Koch with the "embezzlement and concealing of funds and goods in an amount of at least 200,000 RM," and the "premeditated murder" of three inmates—ostensibly to prevent them from giving evidence to the SS investigatory commission. Ilse was
518:
and he feared it might be discovered. Josias also received reports that a certain prisoner had been shot while attempting to escape, and discovered that in fact, the prisoner had been told to get water from a well some distance from the camp, then was shot from behind; he had also helped treat Koch
459:. Briefly, he was the officer in charge of the Esterwegen Concentration Camp guard unit, officer in charge of the preventive custody camp in the Lichtenburg Concentration Camp, and the adjutant at Dachau Concentration Camp. On 13 June 1935, he became commander of the
432:
in Black. After World War I, Koch worked as a commercial manager, an authorized signatory and insurance agent and became unemployed in 1932 (he had served a prison sentence in 1930 for embezzlement and forgery). In 1931, he joined the
547:. Contrary to some claims, however, Karl's body was not burned in the camp's crematoria, as they had run short of coal and had stopped operating in mid-March 1945. Instead, his body was disposed of in an unknown location.
522:
By that time, Koch had been transferred to the
Majdanek concentration camp in Poland, but his wife, Ilse, was still living at the Commandant's house in Buchenwald. Waldeck ordered a full-scale investigation of the camp by
539:
charged with the "habitual receiving of stolen goods, and taking for her benefit at least 25,000 RM..." The trial resulted in Koch being sentenced to death for disgracing both himself and the SS. Koch was executed by
1585:
3333:
3243:
3303:
3150:
2394:
1014:
563:
Koch first married Käte Müller in 1924 and had one psychiatrically troubled son named
Manfred; however, this marriage ended with divorce in 1931 due to his infidelity. On 25 May 1937, Koch married
2751:
2786:
2741:
3313:
3283:
2781:
2776:
2761:
2766:
3233:
2771:
2746:
2504:
1578:
3004:
2715:
3318:
3268:
1055:
1007:
3223:
1571:
1145:
507:
405:, on 2 August 1897. His father worked in a local registrar's office and died when Karl was eight years old. After completing elementary school in 1912, Koch attended
2710:
3248:
3288:
3273:
2720:
3047:
3308:
3238:
2725:
3183:
2800:
1000:
3032:
321:
3278:
3258:
3253:
2389:
1239:
3293:
3263:
3188:
2756:
2497:
2997:
1391:
3298:
3228:
3122:
2419:
643:
Whitlock Flint: Buchenwaldské bestie: Karl a Ilse
Kochovi a lampy se stínítkem z lidské kůže, Grada Publishing, a.s., 29 September 2015 p. 326-327
631:
Gedenkstätte
Buchenwald: Buchenwald Concentration Camp, 1937–1945: A Guide to the Permanent Historical Exhibition, Wallstein Verlag, 2004 p. 41-43
2451:
2344:
2855:
2349:
3052:
2535:
2490:
1138:
2990:
1550:
3173:
2530:
732:
Mark
Jacobson: The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective Story from Buchenwald to New Orleans, Simon and Schuster, 14 September 2010 p. 15
510:, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, in 1941. While perusing the death list of Buchenwald, Hereditary Prince Josias had seen the name of
822:
780:
753:
695:
3323:
2081:
919:
899:
472:
374:
299:
3328:
3135:
1329:
1131:
3108:
2463:
2439:
1234:
567:(née Margarete Ilse Köhler), with whom he had a son and two daughters. Ilse became known later as "The Witch of Buchenwald" (
456:
402:
59:
2586:
3130:
2940:
1459:
1182:
946:
887:
544:
483:
303:
81:
2596:
2581:
1229:
1209:
1177:
1274:
3165:
2431:
1309:
1264:
1254:
1244:
1187:
973:
460:
417:
378:
307:
253:
2176:
1678:
1294:
3077:
3019:
2960:
2901:
2591:
2555:
2459:
2399:
1982:
1545:
1259:
1204:
1085:
3062:
2850:
2435:
2126:
2071:
1540:
1269:
1249:
1199:
1105:
1060:
100:
3177:
2881:
2443:
1324:
1221:
1160:
1110:
1095:
1075:
1065:
1050:
1045:
495:
366:
351:
2891:
2273:
1504:
1299:
2820:
2545:
2379:
1100:
1090:
1080:
1070:
1023:
261:
2601:
2151:
2066:
652:
Rescue and
Resistance: Portraits of the Holocaust, Macmillan Library Reference USA, 1 January 1999 p. 311.
3140:
2560:
580:
1414:
3218:
3213:
2617:
2455:
2328:
2293:
2213:
1849:
1774:
1718:
1314:
528:
413:
1444:
3155:
3027:
2677:
2667:
2627:
2076:
1899:
1469:
1438:
1404:
1339:
607:
524:
476:
331:
285:
1409:
2865:
2652:
2404:
1952:
1889:
1819:
1809:
1728:
1193:
1169:
455:(Thirty-fifth SS Regiment Kassel, SS Special Detachment Saxony). In 1934, he took command of the
281:
213:
2896:
2657:
2228:
2166:
1449:
3145:
2920:
2830:
2647:
2642:
2622:
2298:
2025:
1990:
1942:
1784:
1723:
1648:
818:
776:
749:
691:
812:
770:
743:
685:
3082:
2687:
2637:
2427:
2248:
2106:
2086:
2056:
1894:
1884:
1859:
1834:
1743:
1733:
1708:
1663:
1658:
1499:
1494:
1429:
1399:
1381:
1371:
1334:
1319:
3103:
3098:
2955:
2886:
2835:
2815:
2576:
2383:
2313:
2243:
2181:
2171:
2111:
2046:
1914:
1824:
1713:
1698:
1683:
1643:
1509:
1361:
911:
868:
421:
382:
2825:
2156:
1738:
1618:
1474:
2845:
2840:
2672:
2540:
2447:
2369:
2323:
2238:
2136:
2097:
2061:
2020:
1879:
1869:
1864:
1829:
1779:
1668:
1653:
1633:
1623:
1484:
1434:
1376:
1304:
957:
511:
992:
3207:
3042:
2860:
2632:
2373:
2308:
2303:
2288:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2223:
2161:
2116:
2030:
2015:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1967:
1957:
1937:
1909:
1799:
1769:
1688:
1673:
1628:
1519:
1489:
1464:
1454:
1424:
1419:
1355:
1037:
535:
439:
357:
257:
236:
63:
2950:
2662:
2469:
2409:
2318:
2283:
2278:
2146:
2131:
1972:
1904:
1874:
1844:
1794:
1764:
1759:
1613:
1514:
1479:
1366:
585:
540:
424:
and returned to
Germany in 1919. As a soldier, he behaved well and was awarded the
406:
362:
241:
203:
89:
1804:
377:. From September 1941 until August 1942, he served as the first commandant of the
711:
486:. He remained at Buchenwald until September 1941, when he was transferred to the
2945:
2682:
2218:
2208:
2141:
2121:
2051:
2010:
1947:
1932:
1854:
1814:
1703:
1693:
930:
879:
429:
327:
2268:
2233:
1789:
1638:
984:
468:
434:
425:
370:
317:
295:
192:
17:
385:, stealing vast amounts of valuables and money from murdered Jews. His wife,
2525:
1962:
1535:
564:
464:
398:
386:
154:
55:
2550:
420:
until he was captured by the
British. Koch spent the rest of the war as a
2965:
515:
487:
110:
475:
concentration camp. Within a few years (September 1937) he advanced to
555:
3037:
491:
198:
85:
355:; 2 August 1897 – 5 April 1945) was a mid-ranking commander in the
554:
467:
and, in April 1936, he was assigned to the concentration camp at
2986:
2486:
1567:
1127:
996:
543:
on 5 April 1945 one week before
American allied troops arrived
1594:
Perpetrators, participants, organizations, and collaborators
800:(3rd ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. p. 885.
498:
and as a liaison between the SS and the German Post Office.
690:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 64–65.
506:
Koch's actions at
Buchenwald first caught the attention of
3151:
International Youth Meeting Center in Oświęcim/Auschwitz
817:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 293.
3334:
World War I prisoners of war held by the United Kingdom
3244:
German people who died in Buchenwald concentration camp
775:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 14.
748:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 77.
3304:
People from Hesse executed in Nazi concentration camps
814:
Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'
772:
Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'
745:
Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'
687:
Ilse Koch on Trial: Making the 'Bitch of Buchenwald'
3164:
3121:
3091:
3070:
3061:
3018:
2933:
2913:
2874:
2808:
2799:
2734:
2703:
2696:
2610:
2569:
2518:
2418:
2362:
2337:
2201:
2194:
2095:
2039:
1981:
1923:
1752:
1606:
1599:
1528:
1390:
1348:
1287:
1220:
1168:
1159:
840:, Revue de la Fondation Auschwitz, Bruxelles, 2005.
313:
291:
277:
267:
247:
232:
209:
190:
178:
116:
106:
96:
70:
41:
34:
482:On 1 August 1937, he was given command of the new
389:, also participated in the crimes at Buchenwald.
2513:Resistance, victims, documentation and technical
608:"Majdanek Concentration Camp (a.k.a. KL Lublin)"
859:Commandant of Columbia-Haus concentration camp
3314:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
3284:Nazis executed by Nazi Germany by firing squad
2998:
2498:
1579:
1139:
1008:
838:L’exemplarité du commandant SS Karl Otto Koch
8:
3234:Executed Nazi concentration camp commandants
3184:Rescue of Jews by Poles during the Holocaust
471:. Four months later, he was assigned to the
1154:Camps, ghettos, execution sites and attacks
610:. H.E.A.R.T, Holocaust Research Project.org
527:, an SS officer who was an SS-judge in the
428:Second Class, the Observer's Badge and the
409:and completed a commercial apprenticeship.
3319:Sachsenhausen concentration camp personnel
3067:
3005:
2991:
2983:
2805:
2700:
2505:
2491:
2483:
2198:
1603:
1586:
1572:
1564:
1165:
1146:
1132:
1124:
1120:
1015:
1001:
993:
843:
31:
3269:Lichtenburg concentration camp personnel
639:
637:
627:
625:
3224:Buchenwald concentration camp personnel
3109:Extraordinary (Soviet) State Commission
598:
3249:German prisoners of war in World War I
3092:Polish, East German, and Soviet trials
2452:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
664:
662:
660:
658:
606:Chris Webb, Carmelo Lisciotto (2007).
3289:People convicted of murder by Germany
3274:Majdanek concentration camp personnel
350:
7:
3309:People from the Grand Duchy of Hesse
3239:German Army personnel of World War I
798:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
412:In 1916, he volunteered to join the
365:who was the first commandant of the
3013:Aftermath, trials and commemoration
1024:Holocaust in German-occupied Poland
588:, Allied airman taken to Buchenwald
167:
3174:Polish Righteous Among the Nations
25:
3279:Military personnel from Darmstadt
3259:Holocaust perpetrators in Germany
3254:German people convicted of murder
2856:Special Prosecution Book – Poland
490:concentration camp for POWs near
3294:People convicted of embezzlement
3264:Holocaust perpetrators in Poland
3033:Population transfers (1944–1946)
2082:Ferdinand von Sammern-Frankenegg
978:September 1941 – 24 August 1942
920:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
900:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
300:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
141:
3136:Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum
3048:Anti-Jewish violence, 1944–1946
951:1 August 1937 – September 1941
163:
137:
3299:People executed by Nazi courts
3229:Executed German mass murderers
2464:Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118
2440:36th Estonian Police Battalion
854:SS-Oberführer Alexander Reiner
457:Sachsenburg Concentration Camp
403:Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt
60:Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt
1:
3131:Monument to the Ghetto Heroes
2961:Human medical experimentation
947:Buchenwald concentration camp
924:October 1936 – 1 August 1937
888:Esterwegen concentration camp
673:, Westview Press, p. 341
484:Buchenwald concentration camp
304:Buchenwald concentration camp
296:Esterwegen concentration camp
82:Buchenwald concentration camp
27:German SS officer (1897–1945)
892:20 April 1936 – August 1936
862:13 June 1935 – 1 April 1936
3166:Righteous Among the Nations
3053:Ministry of Public Security
2432:Belarusian Auxiliary Police
1042:Related articles by country
974:Majdanek concentration camp
559:Ilse Koch after her arrest.
508:SS-Obergruppenführer Josias
461:Columbia concentration camp
379:Majdanek concentration camp
308:Majdanek concentration camp
3350:
3078:Frankfurt Auschwitz trials
2460:Ukrainian Auxiliary Police
796:William L. Shirer (1990).
669:Hackett, David A. (1995),
2982:
2851:Sobibor perpetrator album
2482:
2436:Estonian Auxiliary Police
1563:
1546:Human medical experiments
1123:
1119:
1030:
980:
970:
964:
953:
943:
937:
926:
916:
907:
894:
884:
875:
864:
857:
851:
846:
451:Koch served with several
337:
227:
223:
219:
186:
101:Execution by firing squad
3099:Auschwitz trial (Poland)
2444:Latvian Auxiliary Police
2177:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
1679:Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger
714:. Germania International
496:SS Personnel Main Office
367:Nazi concentration camps
318:1914 Iron cross II class
3189:Garden of the Righteous
2941:Identification in camps
2934:Technical and logistics
2380:Order Police battalions
910:SS-Obersturmbannführer
712:"Schutzstaffel: The SS"
569:Die Hexe von Buchenwald
2602:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
2067:Heinrich Klaustermeyer
811:Jardim, Tomaz (2023).
769:Jardim, Tomaz (2023).
742:Jardim, Tomaz (2023).
684:Jardim, Tomaz (2023).
560:
282:Einjährig-Freiwilliger
3324:Schutzhaftlagerführer
3141:Majdanek State Museum
2274:Karl-Friedrich Höcker
1178:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
671:The Buchenwald Report
581:Buchenwald Resistance
558:
502:Prosecution and death
268:Years of service
2618:Mordechai Anielewicz
2329:Elisabeth Volkenrath
2214:Jenny-Wanda Barkmann
1850:Arthur Liebehenschel
1775:Hermine Braunsteiner
1719:Arthur Seyss-Inquart
956:SS-Standartenführer
593:Notes and references
545:to liberate the camp
529:SS Court Main Office
414:Imperial German Army
262:SS-Totenkopfverbände
140: 1924;
3329:SS-Standartenführer
3156:March of the Living
3028:Holocaust survivors
2892:Vrba–Wetzler report
2668:Alexander Pechersky
2628:Mordechai Tenenbaum
2077:Alexander Palfinger
1900:Johann Schwarzhuber
1460:Międzyrzec Podlaski
1439:Lviv pogroms (1941)
1340:Sonderaktion Krakau
983:SS-Sturmbannführer
525:Georg Konrad Morgen
477:SS-Standartenführer
447:Service with the SS
332:German Sports Badge
97:Cause of death
3071:West German trials
2866:Wannsee Conference
2653:Itzhak Katzenelson
2405:General Government
1890:Franz Reichleitner
1820:Fritz Hartjenstein
1810:Maximilian Grabner
1729:Bruno Streckenbach
1541:Grossaktion Warsaw
1194:Operation Reinhard
561:
416:and fought on the
397:Koch was born in
3201:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3117:
3116:
2978:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2929:
2928:
2921:Sonderaktion 1005
2795:
2794:
2478:
2477:
2456:Ypatingasis būrys
2358:
2357:
2299:Johanna Langefeld
2294:Hildegard Lächert
2190:
2189:
2026:Alfred Trzebinski
1991:Franz von Bodmann
1943:Lorenz Hackenholt
1785:Theodor van Eupen
1724:Jakob Sporrenberg
1559:
1558:
1283:
1282:
991:
990:
981:Succeeded by
954:Succeeded by
927:Succeeded by
895:Succeeded by
865:Succeeded by
847:Military offices
836:Benoît Cazenave,
341:
340:
328:Black wound badge
16:(Redirected from
3341:
3083:Treblinka trials
3068:
3007:
3000:
2993:
2984:
2882:Graebe affidavit
2875:Witness accounts
2821:Frank memorandum
2806:
2701:
2688:Szmul Zygielbojm
2678:Frumka Płotnicka
2638:Leon Feldhendler
2623:Icchak Cukierman
2577:Ghetto uprisings
2507:
2500:
2493:
2484:
2428:Schutzmannschaft
2249:Feodor Fedorenko
2199:
2107:Wolfgang Birkner
1895:Heinrich Schwarz
1885:Josef Oberhauser
1860:Heinrich Matthes
1744:Dieter Wisliceny
1734:Richard Thomalla
1709:Heinz Reinefarth
1659:Heinrich Himmler
1604:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1565:
1529:Other atrocities
1166:
1148:
1141:
1134:
1125:
1121:
1017:
1010:
1003:
994:
965:Preceded by
938:Preceded by
908:Preceded by
876:Preceded by
852:Preceded by
844:
829:
828:
808:
802:
801:
793:
787:
786:
766:
760:
759:
739:
733:
730:
724:
723:
721:
719:
708:
702:
701:
681:
675:
674:
666:
653:
650:
644:
641:
632:
629:
620:
619:
617:
615:
603:
465:Berlin-Tempelhof
354:
349:
322:Hindenburg Cross
286:Standartenführer
249:
210:Criminal penalty
195:
171:
169:
165:
145:
143:
139:
77:
51:
49:
32:
21:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3193:
3160:
3113:
3104:Stutthof trials
3087:
3057:
3014:
3011:
2970:
2956:Holocaust train
2925:
2909:
2897:Witold's Report
2887:Gerstein Report
2870:
2836:Katzmann Report
2816:Auschwitz Album
2791:
2730:
2692:
2658:Michał Klepfisz
2606:
2565:
2514:
2511:
2474:
2414:
2384:Ordnungspolizei
2354:
2333:
2314:Erich Muhsfeldt
2244:Margot Dreschel
2229:Alexander Bülow
2186:
2182:Udo von Woyrsch
2172:Hermann Schaper
2167:Emanuel Schäfer
2152:Josef Meisinger
2112:Helmut Bischoff
2091:
2047:Heinz Auerswald
2035:
1977:
1925:
1919:
1915:Christian Wirth
1825:Gottlieb Hering
1748:
1714:Julian Scherner
1699:Georg Michalsen
1684:Franz Kutschera
1644:Odilo Globocnik
1595:
1592:
1555:
1524:
1386:
1344:
1325:Kielce cemetery
1279:
1216:
1155:
1152:
1115:
1026:
1021:
987:
977:
968:
960:
950:
941:
933:
923:
914:
912:Michael Lippert
903:
891:
882:
871:
869:Heinrich Deubel
861:
855:
833:
832:
825:
810:
809:
805:
795:
794:
790:
783:
768:
767:
763:
756:
741:
740:
736:
731:
727:
717:
715:
710:
709:
705:
698:
683:
682:
678:
668:
667:
656:
651:
647:
642:
635:
630:
623:
613:
611:
605:
604:
600:
595:
577:
553:
504:
449:
422:prisoner of war
395:
383:occupied Poland
347:
330:
326:
324:
320:
306:
302:
298:
284:
272:
260:
256:
240:
228:Military career
202:
191:
174:
173:
161:
157:
147:
144: 1931)
135:
131:
128:
107:Criminal status
92:
79:
75:
66:
53:
47:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3347:
3345:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3206:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3170:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3146:Sobibór Museum
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3112:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3085:
3080:
3074:
3072:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3024:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2987:
2980:
2979:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2903:Sonderkommando
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2846:Posen speeches
2843:
2841:Korherr Report
2838:
2833:
2831:Höfle telegram
2828:
2823:
2818:
2812:
2810:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2707:
2705:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2673:Witold Pilecki
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2648:Henryk Iwański
2645:
2643:Paweł Frenkiel
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2522:
2520:
2516:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2502:
2495:
2487:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2448:Arajs Kommando
2424:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2377:
2370:Einsatzgruppen
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2324:Alice Orlowski
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:John Demjanjuk
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2137:Gerhard Flesch
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2103:
2101:
2098:Einsatzgruppen
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2043:
2041:
2040:Ghetto command
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2021:Horst Schumann
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1985:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1880:Johann Niemann
1877:
1872:
1867:
1865:Hermann Michel
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1840:Karl-Otto Koch
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1780:Irmfried Eberl
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1669:Fritz Katzmann
1666:
1661:
1656:
1654:Arthur Greiser
1651:
1649:Richard Glücks
1646:
1641:
1636:
1634:Ludwig Fischer
1631:
1626:
1624:Adolf Eichmann
1621:
1616:
1610:
1608:
1601:
1597:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1568:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1530:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1396:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1291:
1289:
1288:Mass shootings
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1275:Danzig-Matzkau
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1240:Kraków-Płaszów
1237:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1174:
1172:
1163:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1128:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1005:
997:
989:
988:
982:
979:
972:Commandant of
969:
966:
962:
961:
958:Hermann Pister
955:
952:
945:Commandant of
942:
939:
935:
934:
929:SS-Oberführer
928:
925:
918:Commandant of
915:
909:
905:
904:
898:absorbed into
896:
893:
886:Commandant of
883:
878:SS-Oberführer
877:
873:
872:
867:SS-Oberführer
866:
863:
856:
853:
849:
848:
842:
841:
831:
830:
823:
803:
788:
781:
761:
754:
734:
725:
703:
696:
676:
654:
645:
633:
621:
597:
596:
594:
591:
590:
589:
583:
576:
573:
552:
549:
519:for syphilis.
503:
500:
448:
445:
394:
391:
344:Karl-Otto Koch
339:
338:
335:
334:
325:Air Raid Medal
315:
311:
310:
293:
289:
288:
279:
275:
274:
269:
265:
264:
254:Deutsches Heer
251:
245:
244:
234:
230:
229:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
216:
211:
207:
206:
196:
188:
187:
184:
183:
180:
176:
175:
159:
153:
152:
151:
150:
133:
129:
126:
125:
124:
123:
120:
118:
114:
113:
108:
104:
103:
98:
94:
93:
80:
78:(aged 47)
72:
68:
67:
54:
43:
39:
38:
36:Karl-Otto Koch
35:
26:
24:
18:Karl Otto Koch
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3346:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3175:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3043:Kielce pogrom
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2932:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2861:Stroop Report
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:Documentation
2798:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2633:Marek Edelman
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2519:Organizations
2517:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2420:Collaboration
2417:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:Organizations
2361:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:Eduard Lorenz
2307:
2305:
2304:Anton Lechner
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2289:Josef Kollmer
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2259:Kurt Gerstein
2257:
2255:
2254:Hans Hoffmann
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2224:Juana Bormann
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2162:Erich Naumann
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2117:Lothar Beutel
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2088:
2087:Jürgen Stroop
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2057:Josef Blösche
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2031:Eduard Wirths
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2016:Josef Mengele
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2006:Horst Fischer
2004:
2002:
2001:Karl Gebhardt
1999:
1997:
1996:Carl Clauberg
1994:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1968:Ludwig Plagge
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:Herbert Lange
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1938:Kurt Bolender
1936:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1910:Gustav Wagner
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1835:Franz Hössler
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1800:Karl Fritzsch
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1770:Wilhelm Boger
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1689:Erwin Lambert
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1675:
1674:Wilhelm Koppe
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1664:Hermann Höfle
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1629:Theodor Eicke
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1570:
1569:
1566:
1562:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1330:Aktion Krakau
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:Bloody Sunday
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1222:Concentration
1219:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1170:Extermination
1167:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1038:The Holocaust
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1004:
999:
998:
995:
986:
976:
975:
963:
959:
949:
948:
936:
932:
922:
921:
913:
906:
902:
901:
890:
889:
881:
874:
870:
860:
850:
845:
839:
835:
834:
826:
824:9780674249189
820:
816:
815:
807:
804:
799:
792:
789:
784:
782:9780674249189
778:
774:
773:
765:
762:
757:
755:9780674249189
751:
747:
746:
738:
735:
729:
726:
713:
707:
704:
699:
697:9780674249189
693:
689:
688:
680:
677:
672:
665:
663:
661:
659:
655:
649:
646:
640:
638:
634:
628:
626:
622:
609:
602:
599:
592:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
574:
572:
570:
566:
557:
550:
548:
546:
542:
537:
536:Konrad Morgen
532:
530:
526:
520:
517:
513:
512:Walter Krämer
509:
501:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
473:Sachsenhausen
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
453:SS-Standarten
446:
444:
442:
441:
440:Schutzstaffel
436:
431:
427:
423:
419:
418:Western Front
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
392:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
375:Sachsenhausen
372:
368:
364:
360:
359:
358:Schutzstaffel
353:
352:[kɔx]
345:
336:
333:
329:
323:
319:
316:
312:
309:
305:
301:
297:
294:
290:
287:
283:
280:
276:
270:
266:
263:
259:
258:Schutzstaffel
255:
252:
246:
243:
238:
237:German Empire
235:
231:
226:
222:
218:
215:
212:
208:
205:
200:
197:
194:
193:Conviction(s)
189:
185:
181:
177:
156:
149:
148:
122:
121:
119:
115:
112:
109:
105:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
73:
69:
65:
64:German Empire
61:
57:
52:2 August 1897
44:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2902:
2826:Höcker Album
2809:Nazi sources
2697:Victim lists
2663:Miles Lerman
2470:Trawniki men
2410:Hotel Polski
2319:Detlef Nebbe
2284:Oswald Kaduk
2279:Karl Jeschke
2157:Bruno Müller
2147:Felix Landau
2132:Ernst Damzog
2127:Karl Brunner
2096:
2072:Franz Konrad
1973:Adolf Theuer
1926:executioners
1905:Franz Stangl
1875:Robert Mulka
1845:Josef Kramer
1839:
1795:Karl Frenzel
1765:Richard Baer
1760:Hans Aumeier
1753:Camp command
1739:Otto Wächter
1619:Josef Bühler
1614:Viktor Brack
1600:Perpetrators
1192:
1034:Main article
971:
944:
917:
897:
885:
858:
837:
813:
806:
797:
791:
771:
764:
744:
737:
728:
716:. Retrieved
706:
686:
679:
670:
648:
612:. Retrieved
601:
586:Phil Lamason
568:
562:
541:firing squad
533:
521:
505:
481:
452:
450:
438:
411:
407:Mittelschule
396:
363:Nazi Germany
356:
343:
342:
242:Nazi Germany
204:Embezzlement
127:Käte Müller
90:Nazi Germany
76:(1945-04-05)
74:5 April 1945
29:
3219:1945 deaths
3214:1897 births
2946:Gas chamber
2914:Concealment
2905:photographs
2752:Gross-Rosen
2721:Lviv (Lwów)
2683:Roza Robota
2587:Częstochowa
2219:Herta Bothe
2209:Hans Anhalt
2202:Camp guards
2142:Ludwig Hahn
2122:Paul Blobel
2062:Franz Bürkl
2052:Hans Biebow
2011:Fritz Klein
1948:Josef Klehr
1933:Erich Bauer
1924:Gas chamber
1870:Karl Möckel
1855:Maria Mandl
1830:Rudolf Höss
1815:Otto Hantke
1704:Oswald Pohl
1694:Ernst Lerch
1505:Stanisławów
1415:Częstochowa
1305:Bronna Góra
1235:Gross-Rosen
1230:Auschwitz I
931:Hans Helwig
880:Hans Loritz
479:(colonel).
430:Wound Badge
155:Ilse Köhler
3208:Categories
2269:Irma Grese
2264:Paul Götze
2234:Luise Danz
1983:Physicians
1790:Kurt Franz
1639:Hans Frank
1607:Organizers
1551:Heidelager
985:Max Koegel
469:Esterwegen
435:Nazi Party
426:Iron Cross
371:Buchenwald
271:1916–1919
233:Allegiance
201:(3 counts)
48:1897-08-02
3123:Memorials
3020:Aftermath
2787:Treblinka
2742:Auschwitz
2597:Treblinka
2582:Białystok
2570:Uprisings
2350:Treblinka
2195:Personnel
1963:Otto Moll
1953:Hans Koch
1805:Amon Göth
1536:Action T4
1500:Sosnowiec
1470:Nowy Sącz
1405:Białystok
1372:Szczuczyn
1320:Erntefest
1310:Bydgoszcz
1295:Białystok
1210:Treblinka
1086:Lithuania
614:11 August
565:Ilse Koch
534:SS Judge
399:Darmstadt
387:Ilse Koch
273:1931–1945
239:(to 1919)
56:Darmstadt
2966:Zyklon B
2782:Trawniki
2777:Stutthof
2762:Majdanek
1510:Tarnopol
1450:Lubartów
1362:Jedwabne
1265:Trawniki
1255:Stutthof
1245:Potulice
1188:Majdanek
1106:Slovakia
575:See also
516:syphilis
488:Majdanek
437:and the
361:(SS) of
292:Commands
248:Service/
179:Children
111:Executed
2951:Gas van
2767:Sobibór
2704:Ghettos
2611:Leaders
2592:Sobibor
2345:Sobibor
2338:By camp
1485:Siedlce
1392:Ghettos
1377:Tykocin
1349:Pogroms
1335:Palmiry
1260:Szebnie
1205:Sobibor
1183:Chełmno
1111:Ukraine
1096:Romania
1076:Germany
1066:Estonia
1061:Denmark
1056:Croatia
1051:Belgium
1046:Belarus
348:German:
172:
160:
146:
134:
130:
117:Spouses
3063:Trials
3038:Bricha
2772:Soldau
2757:Izbica
2747:Bełżec
2726:Warsaw
2711:Kraków
2551:Żegota
1520:Warsaw
1495:Słonim
1490:Sambor
1465:Mizocz
1455:Lublin
1430:Kraków
1425:Kielce
1420:Grodno
1400:Będzin
1382:Wąsosz
1358:(1946)
1356:Kielce
1270:Warsaw
1250:Soldau
1200:Belzec
1101:Russia
1091:Norway
1081:Latvia
1071:France
821:
779:
752:
718:18 May
694:
551:Family
492:Lublin
443:(SS).
314:Awards
250:branch
199:Murder
166:
86:Weimar
2735:Camps
2395:RKFDV
1515:Wilno
1480:Radom
1475:Pińsk
1410:Brest
1315:Dynów
1161:Camps
214:Death
170:)
162:(
158:
136:(
132:
3178:List
2716:Łódź
2536:Bund
2400:VoMi
2390:WVHA
1445:Łódź
1435:Lwów
1367:Lviv
967:none
940:none
819:ISBN
777:ISBN
750:ISBN
720:2009
692:ISBN
616:2013
393:Life
373:and
278:Rank
168:1937
142:div.
71:Died
42:Born
2561:ŻZW
2556:ŻOB
2546:PKB
2531:AOB
463:in
381:in
369:at
3210::
2541:GL
2526:AK
2462:/
2458:,
2454:,
2450:,
2446:,
2442:,
2438:/
2434:,
2374:SS
657:^
636:^
624:^
401:,
164:m.
138:m.
88:,
84:,
62:,
58:,
3180:)
3176:(
3006:e
2999:t
2992:v
2506:e
2499:t
2492:v
2466:)
2430:(
2386:)
2382:(
2376:)
2372:(
1587:e
1580:t
1573:v
1441:)
1437:(
1147:e
1140:t
1133:v
1016:e
1009:t
1002:v
827:.
785:.
758:.
722:.
700:.
618:.
346:(
182:4
50:)
46:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.