967:
961:
1322:
62:
20:
141:
955:
80:, in his Old Javanese-English dictionary, defines kawaca as a chain mail, possibly shaped like a jacket, which is made of metal. The word also has a second meaning, namely the shirt worn by the clergy. Irawan Djoko Nugroho argues that in a military context, kawaca means armor. It is shaped like a long tube and is made of cast copper. According to Jiří Jákl, kawaca was a metal
128:
A suit of armor, or specifically cuirass, is depicted on the reliefs of the
Divyavadana story in the Borobudur temple. In that story, it is said that Rudrayana sent a gift to king Bimbisara in the form of his famous cuirass which not only had miraculous powers but was also adorned with priceless
966:
960:
337:"JAVA : ARTS AND REPRESENTATIONS. Art historical and Archaeometric Analyses of Ancient Jewellery (7–16th C.) : The Prillwitz Collection of Javanese Gold"
440:
1402:
1397:
1363:
215:
319:
433:
418:
1321:
1382:
247:
61:
309:
426:
390:
109:(c. 500 CE), mentions clothing and armor that reflect the era. A member of the royal family is said to wear crown,
77:
1356:
281:
Jákl, Jiří; Hoogervorst, Tom (2017). "Custom, Combat, and
Ceremony: Java and the Indo-Persian Textile Trade".
1293:
1082:
1061:
407:
1407:
1387:
1138:
1349:
869:
19:
1392:
1077:
802:
752:
797:
757:
354:
954:
777:
663:
315:
243:
211:
93:
24:
1333:
864:
1023:
713:
651:
590:
540:
525:
344:
290:
146:
101:
70:
1211:
879:
703:
169:
1168:
787:
658:
92:
is a general term for a jacket, although it used to mean armor in Old
Javanese. In modern
336:
1206:
1143:
936:
838:
747:
724:
550:
500:
490:
174:
1376:
1226:
1216:
1056:
1013:
859:
737:
615:
605:
580:
545:
358:
184:
179:
1254:
1191:
1003:
998:
792:
782:
762:
646:
600:
585:
575:
555:
515:
495:
409:
Beginnings of
Buddhist Art and Other Essays in Indian and Central Asian Archaeology
164:
35:
1201:
1196:
1163:
1046:
1018:
833:
708:
373:
159:
154:
81:
1183:
1148:
678:
530:
136:
50:
449:
Indonesian traditional weapons, armors, and premodern gunpowder-based weapons
84:
worn on the upper body of a high-ranking soldier. In high
Balinese language,
1008:
510:
294:
129:
gems. The cuirass is depicted as sleeveless and apparently closed in front.
349:
268:
1173:
1092:
921:
884:
673:
485:
106:
39:
1158:
1087:
1051:
1041:
990:
926:
916:
874:
807:
772:
698:
688:
668:
565:
535:
505:
480:
471:
66:
46:
27:. According to I.D. Nugroho, this is an armor made of assembled plates.
1329:
1249:
1244:
1236:
1133:
1125:
1033:
931:
900:
812:
767:
742:
683:
636:
570:
560:
520:
1153:
854:
828:
728:
693:
631:
610:
595:
60:
18:
641:
1275:
1113:
978:
458:
422:
117:(girdle or plastron) and use gold-plated armor even in battle.
105:(c. 870 AD), which is the Javanese version of Valmiki's epic
237:
1337:
1286:
1235:
1182:
1124:
1070:
1032:
989:
909:
893:
847:
821:
722:
624:
469:
392:Barabudur: Archaeological Description Volume I
283:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient
1357:
434:
8:
270:(PhD thesis). The University of Queensland.
1364:
1350:
1283:
1272:
1121:
1110:
986:
975:
466:
455:
441:
427:
419:
308:Robson, Stuart; Wibisono, Singgih (2013).
348:
195:
96:, kawaca means cuirass or chain mail.
34:is a term for war attire mentioned in
625:Daggers (Belati) & knives (Pisau)
201:
199:
113:(collar, medallion, or breastplate),
53:, any kind of cover, corset, jacket.
7:
1318:
1316:
261:
259:
231:
229:
227:
1336:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
470:Swords (Pedang) & cutlasses (
1320:
965:
959:
953:
375:Ancient South-East Asian Warfare
139:
1403:Military equipment of Indonesia
1398:Military equipment of antiquity
242:. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
239:Old Javanese-English dictionary
65:A cuirass being presented by a
38:texts. Its name comes from the
395:. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff.
372:Wales, H. G. Quaritch (1952).
206:Nugroho, Irawan Djoko (2011).
125:, which means armored troops.
16:A Javanese term for war attire
1:
335:Tjoa-Bonatz, Mai Lin (2019).
412:. London: Humphrey Milford.
378:. London: Bernard Quaritch.
311:Javanese English Dictionary
208:Majapahit Peradaban Maritim
1424:
1315:
236:Zoetmulder, P. J. (1982).
210:. Suluh Nuswantara Bakti.
78:Petrus Josephus Zoetmulder
1282:
1271:
1120:
1109:
985:
974:
951:
465:
454:
23:Close-up of a statue in
1294:Weapons of pencak silat
295:10.3406/befeo.2017.6248
121:also mentions the term
1332:-related article is a
1062:Miniature meriam kecil
74:
28:
1383:Indonesian inventions
1083:Bujang Timpang Berang
910:Miscellaneous weapons
848:Pole or spear weapons
350:10.4000/archipel.1018
314:. Tuttle Publishing.
64:
22:
406:Foucher, A. (1917).
1287:Traditional weapons
389:Krom, N.J. (1900).
266:Jákl, Jiří (2014).
45:which means armor,
727:) & machetes (
460:Traditional weapon
75:
69:, depicted in the
29:
1345:
1344:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1267:
1266:
1263:
1262:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1100:
949:
948:
945:
944:
217:978-602-9346-00-8
94:Javanese language
25:Singhasari temple
1415:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1324:
1317:
1284:
1273:
1122:
1115:Armor and outfit
1111:
987:
980:Gunpowder weapon
976:
969:
963:
957:
894:Flexible weapons
591:Piso Sanalenggam
541:Langgai Tinggang
467:
456:
443:
436:
429:
420:
414:
413:
403:
397:
396:
386:
380:
379:
369:
363:
362:
352:
332:
326:
325:
305:
299:
298:
278:
272:
271:
263:
254:
253:
233:
222:
221:
203:
149:
147:Indonesia portal
144:
143:
142:
119:Kakawin Ramayana
102:Kakawin Ramayana
71:Borobudur temple
1423:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1313:
1311:
1298:
1278:
1259:
1231:
1178:
1169:Peurise Teumaga
1116:
1097:
1066:
1028:
981:
970:
964:
958:
941:
905:
889:
843:
817:
788:Parang Chandong
718:
620:
461:
450:
447:
417:
405:
404:
400:
388:
387:
383:
371:
370:
366:
334:
333:
329:
322:
307:
306:
302:
280:
279:
275:
265:
264:
257:
250:
235:
234:
225:
218:
205:
204:
197:
193:
145:
140:
138:
135:
59:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1368:
1361:
1354:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1325:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1130:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1096:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1036:
1030:
1029:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
995:
993:
983:
982:
979:
972:
971:
952:
950:
947:
946:
943:
942:
940:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
913:
911:
907:
906:
904:
903:
897:
895:
891:
890:
888:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
851:
849:
845:
844:
842:
841:
836:
831:
825:
823:
822:Impact weapons
819:
818:
816:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
734:
732:
720:
719:
717:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
655:
654:
649:
639:
634:
628:
626:
622:
621:
619:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
477:
475:
463:
462:
459:
452:
451:
448:
446:
445:
438:
431:
423:
416:
415:
398:
381:
364:
327:
320:
300:
273:
255:
248:
223:
216:
194:
192:
189:
188:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
151:
150:
134:
131:
123:watek makawaca
58:
55:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1420:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1314:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1270:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1228:
1227:Siping-siping
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1217:Karambalangan
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1078:Anak Makassar
1076:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1014:Java arquebus
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
994:
992:
988:
984:
977:
973:
968:
962:
956:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
914:
912:
908:
902:
899:
898:
896:
892:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
860:Bambu runcing
858:
856:
853:
852:
850:
846:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
824:
820:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
735:
733:
730:
726:
721:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
627:
623:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
606:Sikin Panyang
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
476:
473:
468:
464:
457:
453:
444:
439:
437:
432:
430:
425:
424:
421:
411:
410:
402:
399:
394:
393:
385:
382:
377:
376:
368:
365:
360:
356:
351:
346:
343:(97): 19–68.
342:
338:
331:
328:
323:
321:9781462910618
317:
313:
312:
304:
301:
296:
292:
288:
284:
277:
274:
269:
262:
260:
256:
251:
245:
241:
240:
232:
230:
228:
224:
219:
213:
209:
202:
200:
196:
190:
186:
185:Karambalangan
183:
181:
180:Siping-siping
178:
176:
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
148:
137:
132:
130:
126:
124:
120:
116:
115:karambalangan
112:
108:
104:
103:
97:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
72:
68:
63:
56:
54:
52:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
26:
21:
1408:Armour stubs
1388:Asian armour
1338:expanding it
1327:
1312:
1255:Takula tofao
1221:
1192:Baju Empurau
1004:Bedil tombak
798:Parang Taawu
793:Parang Latok
763:Golok Rembau
758:Golok Ciomas
647:Keris bahari
586:Piso Halasan
576:Parang Nabur
496:Bara Sangihe
408:
401:
391:
384:
374:
367:
340:
330:
310:
303:
286:
282:
276:
267:
238:
207:
165:Baju empurau
127:
122:
118:
114:
110:
100:
98:
89:
85:
76:
49:, a type of
42:
36:Old Javanese
31:
30:
1207:Baru Lema'a
1202:Baju Rantai
1197:Baju Lamina
1164:Peurise Awe
1047:Ekor lotong
709:Tumbok Lada
289:: 207–235.
175:Baru lema'a
160:Baju lamina
155:Baju rantai
82:breastplate
57:Description
1393:Body armor
1377:Categories
1212:Baru Öröba
1184:Body armor
1149:Klebit Bok
723:Choppers (
679:Pisau raut
531:Krai Silai
249:9024761786
191:References
170:Baru Oroba
51:chain mail
1009:Istinggar
778:Kandawulo
664:Pasatimpo
511:Dua Lalan
359:197855704
1277:Category
1174:Salawaku
1139:Cakalele
1093:Si Jagur
922:Kerambit
674:Peurawot
486:Amanremu
341:Archipel
133:See also
107:Ramayana
40:Sanskrit
1159:Kurabit
1088:Ki Amuk
1071:By name
1052:Lantaka
1042:Cetbang
1024:Terakul
1019:Pemuras
991:Firearm
927:Salukat
917:Celurit
885:Trisula
875:Lembing
865:Bessing
808:Tangkin
773:Kabeala
699:Si Euli
689:Rencong
669:Palitai
611:Sundang
566:Pakayun
536:Ladieng
506:Co Jang
481:Alamang
472:Klewang
67:brahmin
47:cuirass
1330:armour
1250:Paseki
1245:Katapu
1237:Helmet
1222:Kawaca
1134:Baluse
1126:Shield
1034:Cannon
932:Sumpit
901:Cambuk
870:Kawali
829:Cabang
813:Wedung
768:Jimpul
743:Blakas
725:Parang
714:Wamilo
684:Pisuwe
659:Kujang
652:Patrem
637:Dohong
571:Pandat
561:Niabor
551:Mandau
526:Jenawi
521:Hemola
501:Belida
491:Balato
357:
318:
246:
214:
111:padaka
90:kuwaca
43:kawaca
32:Kawaca
1328:This
1154:Kliau
1144:Kanta
999:Bedil
937:Tolor
880:Pantu
855:Arbir
839:Indan
738:Bendo
729:Golok
704:Tappi
694:Sewar
632:Badik
616:Surik
596:Rudus
581:Penai
546:Luwuk
355:S2CID
86:kwaca
1334:stub
1057:Lela
834:Gada
803:Peda
783:Kudi
753:Guma
748:Buko
642:Kris
601:Rugi
556:Moso
516:Gari
316:ISBN
244:ISBN
212:ISBN
99:The
345:doi
291:doi
287:103
88:or
1379::
353:.
339:.
285:.
258:^
226:^
198:^
1365:e
1358:t
1351:v
1340:.
731:)
474:)
442:e
435:t
428:v
361:.
347::
324:.
297:.
293::
252:.
220:.
73:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
