898:
996:". The Tat Khalsa, a reformist Sikh movement seeking to consolidate the hitherto multifariousness within the Sikh community and establish a separate, distinct identity from Hindus and Muslims, had begun to emerge in the late nineteenth century. Literature published by Vir Singh and Kahn Singh Nabha within the framework of this emerging polity, wrote of a Hindu woman's conversion which had been accompanied by the adoption of the surname "Kaur", the latter featured the transmutation of Mata Sahib Devan's name to Mata Sahib Kaur. These works precipitated the Tat Khalsa's increased cognizance for the need of a consolidated Sikh female identifier. The Tat Khalsa ignored the injunction within the
754:
1005:, "Kaur" had been cemented and ratified as the Sikh female epithet, attaining similar significance as its male counterpart "Singh". Female Sikh nomenclature prior to the Tat Khalsa's efforts was ambiguous, heterogeneous, undelineated and lacked authoritative basis; single names instead of dual names were prevalent among women, ancillary epithets included "Singhni" or "Sikhni", many Sikh women were also named "Kumari" or "Devi".
3532:
710:
3524:
47:
897:
1001:
combat perceived threats to
Sikhism, both from Christian and Arya Samaj proselytization, by removing "Hinduized" and "un-Sikh" cultural and religious practices from within their fold and accentuating and introducing egalitarian practices to the fore of their religion. By the mid twentieth century, under the auspices of the
1478:
The Singh Sabha's interpretation of Sikh history, which forms Sikh understanding today, is that since 1699 women have (like the Sundri of Bhai Vir Singh's novel) received amrit on a par with men, and have as part of this initiation assumed the name 'Kaur'....It is possible that it only gradually came
974:
it is used to refer to a woman's name. "Kaur" was appended by some Sikh women prior to the initiation of the Khalsa, including the daughter of Guru Har Rai. According to older
British accounts, "Kaur" ceased to become a male signifier in the late nineteenth century and henceforth became encumbered to
978:
Despite the widespread belief that "Kaur" was conferred to women on the inauguration day of the Khalsa, there is a dearth of textual evidence corroborating this, further exacerbated by the paucity of conclusive information about the inauguration in general and discrepancies in the sources regarding
1000:
and supplanted it with "Kaur", due to its association with female Sikh aristocracy in the eighteenth century and its Rajput origins. According to Jaspal Kaur Singh, the baptism of women and the bestowal of "Kaur" was incipient only during the colonial period, during which the Tat Khalsa sought to
1447:
Reformers saw in this political and cultural signifier an important means for distinguishing Sikh women from their coreligionists, and a rather obscure cultural tradition was thus legitimized with religious significance. It is important to note that Sikh history was rewritten to give this name
983:
and Doris
Jakobsh. The appellation "Kaur" for women did not appear in early Sikh sources following the initiation of the Khalsa, in addition, the appellation was traditionally omitted in the name of the symbolic matriarch of the Khalsa,
879:â a Rajput title meaning prince or bachelor that was used for people of status, and eventually became a common Rajput female designation. W.H. McLeod has also written that most regard the name as the female form of
963:
allowed Sikhs to implement the Sikh religion's rejection of the caste system. This narrative has been contested by some scholars who wrote of the name's anachronistic religious association.
1509:
The usage that applied to all Khalsa women was not introduced until the time of the Singh Sabha in the early 20th century. The first rahit-nama to include it was the Sikh Rehat
Maryada.
1361:
Because she was childless she was, according to tradition, designated Mother of the Khalsa and renamed Sahib Kaur. The change will have taken place during the Singh Sabha period.
988:. Although the early historical texts thoroughly stressed the importance of appending the name "Singh" for male Sikhs, the only text stipulating female naming conventions, the
955:. Because familial last names often signal a person's caste status (or for women who adopted their spouse's surname, the caste of their spouse), substituting
901:
Detail of a folio from
Colonel James Skinnerâs âTazkirat al-Umaraâ (âBiographies of the Noblesâ) showing the unnamed widowed Sikh queen of Rup Singh of
2727:
740:
1002:
975:
an exclusive female title. Until the twentieth century, the name's usage was a result of cultural diffusion, as opposed to religious association.
1402:
Singh, Jaspal Kaur (2020-04-30). "Mughal India and
Colonialism: Revising History, Gender Identity, and Violence in Bhai Veer Singh's Sundri".
2418:
1502:
1471:
1440:
1413:
1386:
1354:
1327:
1218:
3132:
2255:
2218:
1316:
Jakobsh, Doris (2004). "What's in a Name? Circumscribing Sikh Female
Nomenclature". In Singh, Pashaura; Barrier, Norman Gerald (eds.).
3569:
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1676:
1554:
1272:
1245:
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1162:
1135:
1085:
1055:
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2373:
1912:
753:
3431:
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2223:
2111:
733:
3302:
2250:
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2054:
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1179:
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3198:
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3127:
2986:
2811:
2626:
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2518:
2411:
321:
966:
According to early sources, "Kaur" was used by both males and females in Punjab. The appellation appears in the
3307:
3183:
3162:
2513:
1766:
864:
726:
629:
562:
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1996:
1821:
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2723:
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3001:
2981:
2976:
2781:
2687:
2588:
2563:
2208:
2198:
2158:
2024:
1379:
Bhai Vir Singh (1872â1957): Religious and
Literary Modernities in Colonial and Post-Colonial Indian Punjab
654:
2715:
1152:
3511:
3451:
3364:
3097:
2966:
2936:
2674:
2039:
1986:
1907:
1547:
952:
577:
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20:
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1956:
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76:
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2011:
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1879:
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71:
66:
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2203:
2183:
2178:
2168:
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2001:
1937:
1932:
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1829:
1642:
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1409:
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1125:
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967:
914:
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146:
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136:
1430:
1262:
3535:
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3421:
3254:
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2138:
2133:
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1971:
1946:
1736:
1627:
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1014:
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591:
433:
238:
208:
131:
30:
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2891:
2649:
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2528:
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2128:
2123:
2071:
1991:
1693:
1661:
1653:
714:
552:
183:
3411:
3214:
3076:
2827:
2776:
2356:
2317:
2287:
1874:
1839:
1716:
1617:
511:
203:
198:
173:
121:
61:
46:
1208:
3548:
3344:
3122:
2853:
2771:
2346:
2019:
1966:
1902:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1602:
1297:
1110:
928:
828:
474:
464:
418:
283:
268:
243:
218:
106:
3267:
3227:
3056:
2863:
2796:
2471:
2446:
2441:
2334:
2106:
1961:
1834:
1801:
1622:
1607:
980:
971:
504:
376:
371:
355:
263:
178:
126:
111:
1403:
1317:
3152:
3006:
2956:
2886:
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2427:
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1854:
1786:
1781:
1746:
469:
428:
346:
308:
298:
278:
273:
258:
253:
223:
213:
188:
709:
3491:
3483:
3416:
3317:
3297:
3277:
3237:
3021:
2755:
2461:
2456:
2312:
1981:
1951:
1864:
1849:
1771:
1741:
1721:
1612:
1597:
1592:
1584:
639:
614:
557:
538:
518:
459:
337:
303:
293:
288:
248:
116:
101:
96:
87:
3359:
2951:
2946:
2466:
2307:
1776:
832:
831:. It is also sometimes translated as 'lioness', not because this meaning is
331:
931:
to both male and female Sikhs; all female Sikhs were asked to use the name
1479:
into its present widespread use as the second part of a Sikh woman's name.
356:
347:
338:
3456:
3287:
3282:
3272:
3244:
2322:
2292:
1897:
1726:
970:
retaining its traditional delineated meaning of "prince", whereas in the
609:
599:
547:
408:
233:
1844:
1806:
1563:
1290:
Relocating Gender in Sikh
History: Transformation, Meaning and Identity
1103:
Relocating Gender in Sikh
History: Transformation, Meaning and Identity
948:
820:
816:
423:
38:
851:
states that the name is etymologically derived from the Sanskrit word
3446:
3379:
3374:
2821:
2302:
2282:
1869:
1811:
1791:
1731:
1711:
1024:
902:
892:
876:
762:
604:
453:
448:
443:
413:
228:
193:
159:
3369:
3232:
2351:
2327:
1237:
The Story of Religion The Rich History of the World's Major Faiths
1019:
923:
896:
880:
836:
824:
752:
168:
56:
2267:
993:
910:
2400:
1536:
835:
derived from the name, but as a parallel to the Sikh male name
2396:
2378:
1532:
935:
after their forename, and male Sikhs were to use the name
1375:"Vir Singh's Publication of the Gurpratap Suraj Granth"
1154:
Royals and Rebels: The Rise and Fall of the Sikh Empire
855:
meaning girl or daughter which was later abridged to
1292:. University of British Columbia. pp. 296â300.
1130:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 175.
1105:. University of British Columbia. pp. 296â300.
992:, stated that women were to be conferred the title "
3482:
3253:
3213:
3171:
3145:
3085:
2879:
2872:
2836:
2764:
2738:
2706:
2673:
2640:
2597:
2489:
2480:
2434:
2389:
2266:
2010:
1888:
1820:
1702:
1652:
1583:
909:The traditional narrative is as follows: The tenth
819:or a part of a personal name primarily used by the
1405:Violence and Resistance in Sikh Gendered Identity
1491:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (2014-06-11).
1343:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W. H. (2014-06-11).
2412:
1548:
1322:. Oxford University Press. pp. 176â185.
780:
734:
19:For people with the name and other uses, see
8:
1069:
1067:
1377:. In Malhotra, Anshu; Murphy, Anne (eds.).
786:
2876:
2486:
2419:
2405:
2397:
1555:
1541:
1533:
1435:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 75.
1311:
1309:
1307:
757:19th century depiction of a Sikh woman (a
741:
727:
25:
2728:List of battles involving the Sikh Empire
1497:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 175.
1349:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 269.
1264:Sikhism - An Introduction: Teach Yourself
1080:. Oxford University Press. p. 284.
1157:. Oxford University Press. p. 34.
1036:
1003:Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee
867:. Other scholars, however, assert that
37:
1047:World Religions A Voyage of Discovery
7:
1240:. Arcturus Publishing. p. 302.
1077:Dictionary of American Family Names
1050:. Saint Mary's Press. p. 113.
849:Dictionary of American Family Names
781:
1463:Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction
14:
1267:. John Murray Press. p. 51.
893:Khalsa § Initiation of women
3531:
3530:
3522:
3333:Sikhs in the British Indian Army
1494:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
1346:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
1213:. Scarecrow Press. p. 119.
1210:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
1127:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
708:
45:
3523:
2374:Contemporary Sant Mat movements
1460:Nesbitt, Eleanor (2016-04-28).
1448:practice deep historical roots.
3427:Sikhism and sexual orientation
979:female naming patterns, state
1:
1528:, 2004, page 80, footnote 14.
1429:Jakobsh, Doris (2012-03-02).
1373:Jakobsh, Doris (2023-04-27).
1074:Hanks, Patrick (8 May 2003).
1184:A Dictionary of Sikh Studies
951:was also intended to reduce
1522:History of Sikhs: 1469-1838
1466:. Oxford University Press.
1186:. Oxford University Press.
871:is a diminutive of and the
678:Sikhism and other religions
357:
348:
339:
3586:
2787:British East India Company
890:
18:
3570:Punjabi-language surnames
3560:Surnames of Indian origin
3520:
3199:Treaty of Amritsar (1846)
3179:Treaty of Amritsar (1809)
3128:Johann Martin Honigberger
2987:Chattar Singh Attariwalla
1570:
776:
3189:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
3184:Tripartite Treaty (1838)
1408:. Taylor & Francis.
1381:. Taylor & Francis.
1178:Singh, Pashaura (2019).
811:), sometimes spelled as
3194:Treaty of Lahore (1846)
3072:Malik Fateh Khan Tiwana
1997:Samadhi of Ranjit Singh
1526:Oxford University Press
1288:Jakobsh, Doris (1999).
1101:Jakobsh, Doris (1999).
1044:Brodd, Jeffrey (2003).
161:Selected revered saints
3027:Ajit Singh Sandhawalia
3012:Mangal Singh Ramgarhia
3002:Ranjodh Singh Majithia
2982:Sher Singh Attariwalla
2977:Sham Singh Attariwalla
2873:Officials and warriors
2782:Emirate of Afghanistan
2688:Battle of Chillianwala
1913:Darbar Sahib Kartarpur
1662:Beliefs and principles
1234:Hawkins, John (2016).
1207:McLeod, W. H. (1995).
906:
839:, which means 'lion'.
765:
655:Jathedar of Akal Takht
3365:Fariduddin Ganjshakar
3108:François Henri Mouton
3098:Jean-Baptiste Ventura
2937:Khushal Singh Jamadar
2724:Panchayati Revolution
2720:Hill StatesâSikh Wars
2675:Second Anglo-Sikh War
1987:Qila Mubarak, Patiala
1151:Atwal, Priya (2021).
1124:McLeod, W.H. (2014).
953:caste-based prejudice
927:when he administered
900:
756:
21:Kaur (disambiguation)
16:Surname of Sikh women
3146:Influential families
3103:Claude Auguste Court
3093:Jean-François Allard
3007:Surat Singh Majithia
2997:Lehna Singh Majithia
2802:Hill States Alliance
2655:Battle of Ferozeshah
2642:First Anglo-Sikh War
2362:Akhand Kirtani Jatha
2340:Piara Singh Bhaniara
2219:United Arab Emirates
1957:Hazuri Bagh Baradari
1687:Cannabis and Sikhism
685:Sikhism and Hinduism
3437:Idolatry in Sikhism
3355:Nanakshahi calendar
3350:Sikh Light Infantry
2992:Amar Singh Majithia
2927:Mahan Singh Mirpuri
2718:, KatochâSikh War,
1319:Sikhism and History
1261:Cole, Owen (2010).
715:Religion portal
695:Sikhism and Jainism
645:Nanakshahi calendar
3338:11th Sikh Regiment
3153:Sandhawalia family
3067:Sultan Mahmud Khan
3052:Jarnail Ghaus Khan
3037:Sangat Singh Saini
2932:Dewan Mokham Chand
2807:Kingdom of Mankera
2683:Battle of Ramnagar
2627:Battle of Peshawar
2622:Battle of Nowshera
2499:Battle of Bhangani
1977:Nanak Shahi bricks
1880:Tav-Prasad Savaiye
1672:Sikh Rehat Maryada
1667:Guru Maneyo Granth
939:. The adoption of
907:
766:
399:Sikh Rehat Maryada
366:Guru Maneyo Granth
3565:Sikhism and women
3542:
3541:
3223:Bandi Chhor Divas
3207:
3206:
3141:
3140:
3113:Alexander Gardner
3032:Kahan Singh Nakai
3017:Akali Phula Singh
2897:Diwan Bhawani Das
2734:
2733:
2665:Battle of Sobraon
2617:Battle of Shopian
2102:Jammu and Kashmir
2002:Well of Dina Nath
1830:Guru Granth Sahib
1643:Guru Granth Sahib
1638:Guru Gobind Singh
1633:Guru Tegh Bahadur
1504:978-1-4422-3601-1
1473:978-0-19-106277-3
1442:978-0-8248-6034-9
1415:978-1-000-06026-3
1388:978-1-000-86700-8
1356:978-1-4422-3601-1
1329:978-0-19-566708-0
1220:978-0-8108-3035-6
968:Guru Granth Sahib
915:Guru Gobind Singh
751:
750:
690:Sikhism and Islam
620:Nirgun and Sargun
498:Guru Granth Sahib
147:Guru Granth Sahib
142:Guru Gobind Singh
137:Guru Tegh Bahadur
3577:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3525:
3462:Punjabi language
3422:Women in Sikhism
2962:Balbhadra Kunwar
2922:Hari Singh Nalwa
2912:Misr Diwan Chand
2902:Diwan Buta Singh
2877:
2817:Barakzai dynasty
2792:Kingdom of Nepal
2746:Sikh Khalsa Army
2698:Battle of Gujrat
2660:Battle of Aliwal
2632:Battle of Jamrud
2612:Battle of Multan
2607:Battle of Attock
2599:AfghanâSikh wars
2491:Mughal-Sikh Wars
2487:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2398:
2278:Sects of Sikhism
2244:Northern Ireland
1972:Moti Bagh Palace
1947:Bahadurgarh Fort
1645:(Sikh holy book)
1628:Guru Har Krishan
1557:
1550:
1543:
1534:
1520:Karamjeet kaur,
1512:
1511:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1457:
1451:
1450:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1313:
1302:
1301:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1204:
1198:
1197:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1071:
1062:
1061:
1041:
1015:Women in Sikhism
986:Mata Sahib Devan
810:
807:
806:spiritual prince
804:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
784:
783:
778:
743:
736:
729:
713:
712:
679:
594:
541:
535:
490:
392:
360:
351:
342:
324:
239:Bhagat Trilochan
209:Bhagat Parmanand
162:
132:Guru Har Krishan
90:
49:
26:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3545:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3516:
3478:
3249:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3167:
3158:Majithia family
3137:
3118:Paolo Avitabile
3081:
3062:Fakir Azizuddin
2972:Mehta Basti Ram
2892:Diwan Dina Nath
2868:
2832:
2812:Namgyal dynasty
2760:
2739:Military forces
2730:
2702:
2693:Siege of Multan
2669:
2650:Battle of Mudki
2636:
2593:
2482:
2476:
2452:Nau Nihal Singh
2430:
2425:
2385:
2270:and communities
2269:
2262:
2006:
1992:Ramgarhia Bunga
1903:Harmandir Sahib
1884:
1816:
1698:
1694:Diet in Sikhism
1648:
1579:
1566:
1561:
1531:
1516:
1515:
1505:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1474:
1459:
1458:
1454:
1443:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1389:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1315:
1314:
1305:
1287:
1286:
1282:
1275:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1248:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1221:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1194:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1100:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1073:
1072:
1065:
1058:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1011:
895:
889:
845:
808:
805:
802:
798:
795:
792:
789:
747:
707:
700:
699:
680:
677:
670:
669:
595:
590:
583:
582:
553:Harmandir Sahib
543:
539:
533:
525:
524:
492:
488:
480:
479:
394:
390:
382:
381:
326:
322:
314:
313:
184:Bhagat Ramanand
164:
160:
152:
151:
92:
88:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3583:
3581:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3547:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3488:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3459:
3454:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3407:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3247:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3230:
3225:
3219:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3175:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3133:Henry Lawrence
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3077:Sohan Lal Suri
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2881:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2830:
2828:Maqpon Dynasty
2825:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2777:Durrani Empire
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2731:
2712:NepalâSikh War
2710:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2401:
2395:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2371:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2357:Damdami Taksal
2349:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2274:
2272:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2224:United Kingdom
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2057:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1894:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1875:Sukhmani Sahib
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1840:Sarbloh Granth
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1717:Sikh practices
1714:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1689:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1618:Guru Hargobind
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1589:
1587:
1581:
1580:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1552:
1545:
1537:
1530:
1529:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1503:
1483:
1472:
1452:
1441:
1421:
1414:
1394:
1387:
1365:
1355:
1335:
1328:
1303:
1280:
1273:
1253:
1246:
1226:
1219:
1199:
1192:
1170:
1163:
1143:
1136:
1116:
1093:
1086:
1063:
1056:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1007:
888:
885:
875:equivalent of
844:
841:
833:etymologically
749:
748:
746:
745:
738:
731:
723:
720:
719:
718:
717:
702:
701:
698:
697:
692:
687:
681:
676:
675:
672:
671:
668:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
596:
592:General topics
589:
588:
585:
584:
581:
580:
575:
570:
565:
563:Keshgarh Sahib
560:
555:
550:
544:
531:
530:
527:
526:
523:
522:
515:
512:Sarbloh Granth
508:
501:
493:
486:
485:
482:
481:
478:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
395:
388:
387:
384:
383:
380:
379:
374:
369:
362:
353:
344:
335:
327:
320:
319:
316:
315:
312:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
204:Bhagat Bhikhan
201:
199:Bhagat Sadhana
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
174:Bhagat Ravidas
171:
165:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:
144:
139:
134:
129:
124:
122:Guru Hargobind
119:
114:
109:
104:
99:
93:
86:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3582:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3537:
3529:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3502:Kesgarh Sahib
3500:
3498:
3497:Damdama Sahib
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3345:Sikh Regiment
3343:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3220:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3164:
3163:Tiwana family
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3123:Josiah Harlan
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2967:Jawahar Singh
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2942:Zorawar Singh
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2854:Harkishangarh
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Mughal Empire
2770:
2769:
2767:
2763:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2716:Sino-Sikh war
2713:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2584:Gurdas Nangal
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2559:Chappar Chiri
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2422:
2417:
2415:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:Agrahari Sikh
2345:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2336:
2333:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2268:Groups, sects
2265:
2257:
2256:U.S. Military
2254:
2253:
2252:
2251:United States
2249:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1967:Khanda museum
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1939:
1938:North America
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1887:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1868:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1767:Three Pillars
1765:
1763:
1762:Antam Sanskar
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1752:Amrit Sanchar
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:The 52 Hukams
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:Guru Amar Das
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1321:
1320:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1274:9781444131017
1270:
1266:
1265:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1247:9781784287368
1243:
1239:
1238:
1230:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1203:
1200:
1195:
1193:9780192508430
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1164:9780197566930
1160:
1156:
1155:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1137:9781442236011
1133:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1087:9780199771691
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3474:Sacred trees
3255:Other topics
3228:Hola Mohalla
3057:Ilahi Bakhsh
2917:Diwan Mulraj
2907:Pratap Singh
2864:Zorawar Fort
2519:2nd Anandpur
2514:1st Anandpur
2472:Duleep Singh
2447:Kharak Singh
2442:Ranjit Singh
2335:Mazhabi Sikh
2194:South Africa
1962:Kesgarh Qila
1908:Janam Asthan
1890:Architecture
1835:Dasam Granth
1802:Charhdi Kala
1682:Prohibitions
1623:Guru Har Rai
1608:Guru Ram Das
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404:Prohibitions
377:Five Virtues
372:Five Thieves
364:
358:Charhdi KalÄ
330:
264:Bhatt Gayand
179:Bhagat Farid
169:Bhagat Kabir
127:Guru Har Rai
112:Guru Ram Das
3512:Patna Sahib
3507:Hazur Sahib
3042:Hukma Singh
2957:Gulab Singh
2887:Dhian Singh
2859:Lahore Fort
2849:Multan Fort
2844:Jamrud Fort
2797:Qing Empire
2765:Adversaries
2751:Fauj-i-Khas
2428:Sikh Empire
2391:Sikh Empire
2369:Singh Sabha
2298:Nanakpanthi
2209:Switzerland
2199:South Korea
2159:New Zealand
2154:Netherlands
2025:Afghanistan
1855:Japji Sahib
1787:The Five Ks
1782:Vand Chhako
1747:Anand Karaj
998:Prem Sumarg
990:Prem Sumarg
859:and became
578:Hazur Sahib
573:Patna Sahib
470:Anand Karaj
429:The Five Ks
349:Vand ChakkĆ
309:Balvand Rai
299:Baba Sundar
279:Bhatt Kirat
274:Bhatt Jalap
259:Bhatt Bhika
254:Bhatt Bhalh
224:Bhagat Pipa
214:Bhagat Sain
189:Bhagat Beni
3555:Sikh names
3549:Categories
3492:Akal Takht
3432:In Fiction
3417:Ravidassia
3385:Dharamyudh
3308:Literature
3298:Panj Pyare
3238:Mela Maghi
3086:Foreigners
3047:Veer Singh
3022:Chandu Lal
2756:Fauj-i-Ain
2462:Sher Singh
2457:Chand Kaur
2313:Sewapanthi
2040:Bangladesh
2012:By country
1982:Pul Kanjri
1952:Fateh Burj
1865:Jaap Sahib
1850:Mul Mantar
1772:Kirat Karo
1757:Amrit VelÄ
1742:Naam Karan
1722:Sikh rites
1654:Philosophy
1613:Guru Arjan
1598:Guru Angad
1593:Guru Nanak
1031:References
913:of Sikhs,
891:See also:
865:metathesis
630:Literature
615:Panj Pyare
558:Akal Takht
519:Five Banis
460:Naam Karan
419:Amrit VelÄ
340:Kirat KarĆ
323:Philosophy
304:Satta Doom
294:Bhatt Salh
289:Bhatt Nalh
249:Bhatt Balh
117:Guru Arjan
102:Guru Angad
97:Guru Nanak
89:Sikh gurus
3442:Criticism
3360:Ramananda
3215:Festivals
2952:Lal Singh
2947:Tej Singh
2824:of Poonch
2574:Jalalabad
2483:conflicts
2467:Jind Kaur
2308:Nirankari
2189:Singapore
2119:Indonesia
2055:Vancouver
2030:Australia
1822:Scripture
1777:Naam Japo
1704:Practices
1524:, Vol I:
1298:143307470
1111:143307470
843:Etymology
823:and some
801: or
761:) from a
650:Criticism
489:Scripture
391:Practices
332:Naam Japo
3536:Category
3466:Gurmukhī
3457:Punjabis
3400:Hinduism
3328:Politics
3288:Waheguru
3283:Ik Onkar
3245:Vaisakhi
3172:Treaties
2554:Sadhaura
2524:Chamkaur
2481:Military
2323:Ramraiya
2293:Namdhari
2234:Scotland
2214:Thailand
2174:Pakistan
2144:Malaysia
2020:Diaspora
1898:Gurdwara
1573:Glossary
1009:See also
949:surnames
815:, is a
610:Waheguru
600:Ik Onkar
548:Gurdwara
456:(Turban)
77:Glossary
31:a series
29:Part of
3528:Outline
3452:History
3395:Jainism
3268:Culture
3263:History
2880:Natives
2822:Sudhans
2569:Lohgarh
2549:Sirhind
2539:Sonepat
2534:Muktsar
2318:Nirmala
2229:England
2087:Germany
2077:Finland
2067:Denmark
2045:Belgium
2035:Austria
1860:Chaupai
1845:Gurbani
1807:Dasvand
1577:History
1564:Sikhism
1432:Sikhism
887:History
873:Punjabi
817:surname
790:
773:Punjabi
424:Dasvand
72:History
67:Outline
39:Sikhism
3447:Punjab
3380:Dastar
3375:Sardar
3323:Places
3293:Khanda
2707:Others
2544:Samana
2509:Basoli
2504:Nadaun
2435:Rulers
2303:Nihang
2283:Khalsa
2204:Sweden
2184:Poland
2179:Panama
2169:Norway
2112:Punjab
2092:Greece
2082:France
2050:Canada
1933:Europe
1923:Africa
1870:Rehras
1812:Jhatka
1792:Simran
1737:Langar
1732:Kirtan
1712:Khalsa
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1025:Kunwar
903:Radaur
853:Kumari
763:Haveli
625:Khanda
605:Khalsa
540:Takhts
534:Places
454:Dastar
449:Nitnem
444:Simran
434:Langar
414:Kirtan
62:Topics
57:People
3484:Takht
3412:Sikhs
3390:Islam
3370:Kabir
3318:Names
3313:Music
3303:Films
3278:Music
3233:Maghi
2837:Forts
2589:Delhi
2579:Jammu
2564:Rahon
2529:Sarsa
2352:Jatha
2328:Udasi
2239:Wales
2149:Nepal
2139:Japan
2134:Italy
2107:Kochi
2097:India
2062:China
1727:ArdÄs
1585:Gurus
1294:S2CID
1107:S2CID
1020:Singh
961:Singh
945:Singh
937:Singh
929:Amrit
924:Singh
881:Kumar
837:Singh
825:Hindu
665:Sects
640:Names
635:Music
409:ArdÄs
3405:Rama
2288:Mina
2164:Niue
2129:Iraq
2124:Iran
2072:Fiji
1928:Asia
1918:List
1797:Sewa
1575:and
1499:ISBN
1468:ISBN
1437:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1383:ISBN
1351:ISBN
1324:ISBN
1269:ISBN
1242:ISBN
1215:ISBN
1188:ISBN
1159:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1082:ISBN
1052:ISBN
994:Devi
959:and
957:Kaur
943:and
941:Kaur
933:Kaur
921:and
919:Kaur
911:guru
869:Kaur
861:Kaur
857:Kuar
847:The
821:Sikh
813:Kour
787:lit.
769:Kaur
759:Kaur
537:and
439:Sewa
3273:Art
2379:3HO
1180:"K"
863:by
782:Ú©Ù۱
777:àšà©àš°
660:War
3551::
2726:,
2722:,
2714:,
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