440:
activities" in the aftermath of the attack. As the conflict escalated the UDA attempted to abduct Gibson outside an east
Belfast bar on 6 May 1975. He broke free but broke his arm in the struggle before UVF members drinking at the bar came out to help him. In the resulting struggle one UDA member was shot and another stabbed, neither fatally. The UVF responded to the attack on Gibson by attempting to blow up Roberta House, the
269:, County Down which was used by the British Secret Service for clandestine meetings. The meeting between the UVF and MI6 commenced 10 days after the car bombings and lasted over two days. The other three UVF members present at the talks were Tom Best, Stanley Grey and John Falls. Gibson was concerned that the interests and opinions of the loyalist working-class were being ignored by the
376:. His candidacy came in for criticism from within the UVF. Gusty Spence, who supported the formation of the VPP, criticised Gibson's decision to run for election, arguing that it was much too soon for the party to think about making any inroads on the mainstream unionist vote. Stronger criticism came from an anonymous commentator, identified by Jim Cusack and
472:
By the time the UVF was banned again, in
October 1975, Gibson was no longer a member of its leadership but continued to give political advice to its Brigade Staff. However, he made a show of presenting himself at a local police station to announce his membership of the group. He was turned away, the
159:
in
December 1972 and January 1973, which left a total of three men dead and 133 people injured. Tiernan also maintained that Gibson and his bombing unit were directed and controlled by officers from the British Intelligence community operating out of Army Headquarters in Lisburn. From January 1973 to
439:
between the UVF and the UDA broke out in east
Belfast, where the UDA was much larger, as part of a wider deterioration in relations between the two paramilitary groups. As part of this strife Gibson had a grenade lobbed at his house by local UDA members. Gibson publicly accused the UDA of "gangster
304:
He publicly stated that the new party endorsed the idea of the establishment of an all-party talks forum, a policy that was seen as attractive to the
British government. Gibson also added that if the UVF's efforts did not yield results then "there's going to be nothing left in Northern Ireland but
364:
at the time, arguing that
Northern Ireland was too small to be economically viable as an independent state. Gibson, out of frustration with his party's inability to win support from ordinary, working-class people, hit the table one night shouting: "Scum, rats 'I've told the people out there, but
131:
religion before splitting with the church. He had been active as a member of the Sunday men's Bible study group at the
Martyrs' Memorial Church, the Free Presbyterians' headquarters on the Ravenhill Road in south-east Belfast. From an early age he identified strongly with loyalism and Unionism.
459:
at his
Martyrs' Memorial Church in a largely unsuccessful attempt to heal the rifts that had opened between the paramilitaries and the UUUC with the UVF feeling that they had been sidelined in the new coalition. Gibson had already criticised Paisley for his failure to take the Carson route of
33:
336:. Much of this stemmed from the "Ulster Citizens Army", a supposedly loyalist paramilitary group that wrote a series of letters to the press expressing left-wing views on paper headed with the left-wing republican
254:, resulting in the deaths of 33 people. Almost 300 were injured; many scarred and maimed for life. Nobody was ever charged in connection with the bombings which were carried out by units from the UVF's Belfast and
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273:(UUUC) politicians who were instead using the UWC strike for their own ends. He also demanded more UVF participation in politics. Gibson also discussed his support of the return of IRA prisoners
384:
but even accused Gibson of orchestrating the assassination of former UVF Chief of Staff Jim Hanna, who was killed on 1 April 1974. Although Gibson received the support of West
Belfast
340:
emblem. Rumours circulated that this group was in fact the UVF and that they had gone over to communism, although in fact the Ulster
Citizens Army had never existed and was simply
963:
Fearon, Kate. The Conflict's Fifth Business: A brief biography of Billy Mitchell Northern Ireland: LINC Resource Centre (Local Initiatives for Needy Communities) (2002), p.52
289:
Following his release from prison in 1973, Gibson was chosen to serve as the public spokesman for the UVF. He was subsequently appointed as the Chairman of the short-lived
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The VPP was dissolved shortly afterwards as the UVF accepted there was little interest in their forming a political arm. As a result, Hugh Smyth was elected to the
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1526:
373:
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headquarters of the east Belfast UDA. The bomb, which journalists Jim Cusack and Henry McDonald stated was being transported by UVF member and future
369:
586:
Frenett, Ross. "'Protestant Socialists'? Ulster Loyalism and Working-Class Politics: 1969–1974," Scrinium, University College Cork (2010), p.16, p.36
261:
Classified government documents discovered by the Pat Finucane Centre reveal that Gibson was one of a four-man UVF delegation that secretly met with
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294:
559:
Frenett, Ross. "'Protestant Socialists'? Ulster Loyalism and Working-Class Politics: 1969–1974," Scrinium, University College Cork (2010), p.36
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as a "senior west Belfast UVF figure at the time", who claimed that not only did Gibson attempt to force him out of his role as head of the
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694:
168:
Prison. This experience inside Long Kesh, including contact with Gusty Spence, left him a vehement opponent of internment and a critic of
211:
that was held immediately prior to the strike in an attempt to avoid the industrial action. The others in attendance were UDA commanders
717:
Frenett, Ross. "'Protestant Socialists'? Ulster Loyalism and Working-Class Politics:1969–1974," Scrinium, University College Cork (2010)
393:
320:
In part due to their focus on social deprivation Gibson and the VPP were attacked by a number of unionist politicians, most notably Rev
207:
central committee the previous March. Indeed, Gibson had been one of only three paramilitaries to be invited to the secret meeting with
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413:
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press office in Lisburn, known colloquially as the "Lisburn Lie Machine". For their part the UVF issued a statement in their magazine
128:
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851:
643:
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543:"Irish Politics, Current Affairs and Magazine Archive - Politico.ie | Dublin and Monaghan bombings: Cover-up and incompetence"
200:
219:. When asked a direct question by Orme, Gibson, who was the trio's representative, replied: "We are only here as observers". The
1431:
1042:
381:
191:
By 1974 Gibson was the UVF's Chief of Staff or Brigadier-General as well as the official spokesman. With the Supreme Commander
177:
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stating that they and the VPP were opposed to "all shades of communism, socialism and liberalism". Gibson also disavowed the
270:
1537:
1485:
325:
902:
305:
for the Ulster Volunteer Force to go ahead and fight for Ulster". Gibson's campaign also focused on the poor standard of
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546:
244:
199:
has stated that in 1974 Gibson was the "leader of the UVF". He was one of the organisation's strike leaders during the
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1323:
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176:(DUP), Gibson having previously been chairman of the DUP East Belfast Branch. He then became a leading figure in the
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87:
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293:(VPP) that was formed in June 1974 by members of the UVF, which had been legalised two months before by
266:
228:
1449:
452:, was intercepted by security forces whose presence in the area had increased as a result of the feud.
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103:(VPP), which he had helped to form in 1974. He also served as a spokesman and Chief of Staff of the
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they're afraid. I've told them, you can run this country, you can have anything you want.'"
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240:
124:
408:, who garnered 16,265 votes against Gibson's 2,690, with the seat won by the incumbent MP,
1730:
1318:
361:
243:
a voice in running Northern Ireland. On 17 May 1974, the third day of the UWC strike, the
224:
104:
160:
December of that year Gibson, described as a "top intelligence officer" in the UVF, was
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220:
196:
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1300:
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332:, who suggested that their working class approach to politics represented a form of
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464:, although by the time of the meeting they had both long since left the religion.
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317:" due to a supposed resemblance to the cuboid shaped, crumbly breakfast cereal.
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169:
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police remaining indifferent. Several years later, he gave an interview to the
1313:
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publicly supporting the UVF. Both Gibson and Mitchell had been members of the
409:
397:
357:
212:
195:
in prison since 1966, Gibson became the organisation's "leading personality".
497:
333:
247:
165:
143:(UVF) and soon had a seat on its Brigade Staff (Belfast leadership on the
1034:
314:
251:
127:, Gibson was brought up in the Willowfield area. He was a member of the
120:
52:
32:
313:, in particular the blocks of flats that were known colloquially as "
156:
623:
The Troubles: Ireland's Ordeal, 1966–1996, and the Search for Peace
281:
to Northern Ireland along with loyalist prisoners held in England.
132:
Author Sarah Nelson described him as a "skilled manual worker".
1038:
479:, in which he stated that he "wouldn't touch politics again".
262:
184:(UDA) front organisation which was eventually merged into the
99:
was a Northern Irish politician who was the Chairman of the
151:
from the Shankill Road UVF, and senior West Belfast member
1797:
Loyalists imprisoned during the Northern Ireland conflict
796:
The Union: Essays on Ireland and the British Connection
147:). According to journalist Joe Tiernan, Gibson, leader
250:
in the city centre of Dublin and a fourth car bomb in
231:. This was an attempt at power-sharing, setting up a
455:
Around this time Gibson and Billy Mitchell met with
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68:
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42:
23:
846:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. pp.139–140
1736:Ulster Loyalist Central Co-ordinating Committee
744:Voices from the Grave: Two Men's War in Ireland
1050:
921:"'He articulated voice of the new voiceless'"
738:
736:
8:
498:REMEMBERING KEN GIBSON | Longkesh Inside Out
368:Gibson stood as the VPP's candidate for the
684:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p.125.
638:. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. p.138
521:
519:
511:Persecuting Zeal: A Portrait of Ian Paisley
1614:Murders of Andrew Robb and David McIlwaine
1057:
1043:
1035:
999:
493:
491:
421:Northern Ireland Constitutional Convention
203:in May 1974, having been brought onto the
31:
20:
972:Derek Brown, "Police crack down on UVF",
537:
535:
992:Northern Ireland: a personal perspective
569:
567:
565:
1527:Donnelly's Bar and Kay's Tavern attacks
927:– via www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk.
669:Crimes of loyalty: a history of the UDA
597:UDA Inside the Heart of Loyalist Terror
487:
295:Secretary of State for Northern Ireland
1726:Ulster Constitution Defence Committee
1533:October 1975 Northern Ireland attacks
356:ideas being proposed by the likes of
227:and loyalists to protest against the
7:
903:"Ervine tried to blow up UDA chiefs"
610:The British Army in Northern Ireland
396:and independent Shankill councillor
119:Born in predominantly unionist East
86:Spokesman and Chief of Staff of the
1769:indicates brigadiers and commanders
952:Paisley: From Demagogue to Democrat
1696:Combined Loyalist Military Command
1115:Unnamed Chief of Staff (1974–1975)
671:. Edinburgh University Press. p.37
462:Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster
414:Social Democratic and Labour Party
265:officials in Laneside, a house in
14:
1602:1994 Dublin-Belfast train bombing
746:, Faber & Faber, 2011, p. 375
595:Henry McDonald & Jim Cusack,
573:Jim Cusack & Henry McDonald,
529:. Belfast: Appletree Press. p.182
37:Ken Gibson with VPP rosette, 1974
400:, he finished fourth behind the
545:. 15 March 2012. Archived from
178:Loyalist Association of Workers
107:paramilitary organisation, the
1787:Ulster Volunteer Force members
1746:Ulster Workers' Council strike
612:. Arms and Armour Press. p.243
599:, Penguin Ireland, 2004, p. 74
271:United Ulster Unionist Council
201:Ulster Workers' Council Strike
1:
1486:1972 and 1973 Dublin bombings
513:, Brandon Books, 1996, p. 184
374:October 1974 General Election
245:UVF exploded three no-warning
1497:Dublin and Monaghan bombings
1491:Rose & Crown Bar bombing
954:, Poolbeg, 2008, pp. 270–271
527:Ulster's Uncertain Defenders
1751:Volunteer (Ulster loyalist)
1195:William "Frenchie" Marchant
239:which would have given the
1813:
1711:Progressive Unionist Party
1538:Reavey and O'Dowd killings
1509:Bleary Darts Club shooting
1329:David Alexander Mulholland
798:, Colourpoint, 2001, p. 80
625:, Hutchinson, 1995, p. 177
446:Progressive Unionist Party
233:Northern Ireland Executive
182:Ulster Defence Association
1764:
1756:Volunteer Political Party
1253:Harry "Harmless" Stockman
1072:
1025:
1015:
1007:
1002:
402:Democratic Unionist Party
370:West Belfast constituency
291:Volunteer Political Party
285:Volunteer Political Party
174:Democratic Unionist Party
139:, he joined the loyalist
101:Volunteer Political Party
82:Volunteer Political Party
30:
16:Northern Irish politician
1792:Politicians from Belfast
1706:Loyalist Volunteer Force
1608:Quinn brothers' killings
1503:1975 Conway's Bar attack
1432:Young Citizen Volunteers
382:Young Citizen Volunteers
1591:1991 Craigavon killings
1521:Miami Showband killings
1427:Protestant Action Force
1236:Robert "Squeak" Seymour
1132:Belfast Brigade members
937:McDonald & Cusack,
888:Cusack & McDonald,
875:Cusack & McDonald,
862:Cusack & McDonald,
829:Cusack & McDonald,
816:Cusack & McDonald,
781:Cusack & McDonald,
768:Cusack & McDonald,
755:Cusack & McDonald,
726:Cusack & McDonald,
654:McDonald & Cusack,
608:Dewar, Michael (1985).
577:, Poolbeg, 1997, p. 143
500:. Retrieved 2 July 2013
186:Ulster Workers' Council
135:In the early stages of
1596:Loughinisland massacre
1550:Charlemont pub attacks
1474:Imperial Hotel bombing
1468:Battle at Springmartin
1456:Battle of St Matthew's
1118:Tommy West (1975–1976)
1066:Ulster Volunteer Force
1028:Unnamed Chief of Staff
1018:Ulster Volunteer Force
842:Taylor, Peter (1999).
695:"PDF of the documents"
680:Taylor, Peter (1999).
634:Taylor, Peter (1999).
525:Nelson, Sarah (1984).
141:Ulster Volunteer Force
115:Ulster Volunteer Force
109:Ulster Volunteer Force
88:Ulster Volunteer Force
1586:1991 Drumbeg killings
1580:1991 Cappagh killings
1544:Hillcrest Bar bombing
1390:Winston Churchill Rea
1283:Mark "Swinger" Fulton
707:on 24 September 2014.
667:Wood, Ian S. (2006).
390:Charles Harding Smith
330:Ulster Unionist Party
229:Sunningdale Agreement
1568:Glasgow pub bombings
1462:McGurk's Bar bombing
1288:William James Fulton
1122:John "Bunter" Graham
425:independent Unionist
1721:Ulster Army Council
1574:Avenue Bar shooting
1556:Chlorane Bar attack
235:and a cross-border
223:had been called by
1649:The Miami Showband
1637:John Francis Green
1515:Strand Bar bombing
1450:RTÉ Studio bombing
1269:Mid-Ulster Brigade
1259:James "Tonto" Watt
354:Ulster nationalist
237:Council of Ireland
55:, Northern Ireland
1774:
1773:
1741:Ulster Volunteers
1624:Prominent victims
1562:Ramble Inn attack
1480:Belturbet bombing
1422:Shankill Butchers
1361:Red Hand Commando
1339:Wesley Somerville
1098:Samuel McClelland
1033:
1032:
1026:Succeeded by
549:on 15 March 2012.
476:Belfast Telegraph
129:Free Presbyterian
94:
93:
1804:
1689:Related articles
1410:Units and groups
1324:Robert McConnell
1230:George Seawright
1220:Clifford Peeples
1173:Billy Hutchinson
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342:black propaganda
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423:in 1975 as an
378:Henry McDonald
344:spread by the
307:social housing
286:
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221:general strike
197:Tim Pat Coogan
180:, a joint UVF-
153:Billy Mitchell
116:
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97:Kenneth Gibson
92:
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77:Known for
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47:Kenneth Gibson
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1701:Loyalist feud
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1679:Tommy English
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1615:
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1609:
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1597:
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1447:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1417:Glenanne gang
1415:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1401:Michael Stone
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1383:John McKeague
1380:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1370:Frankie Curry
1368:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1352:
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1301:Robin Jackson
1298:
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1273:
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1243:
1242:William Smith
1240:
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1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
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1205:William Moore
1203:
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1198:
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1193:
1191:
1190:Jackie Mahood
1188:
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1180:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1159:
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1152:
1151:Frankie Curry
1149:
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1019:
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984:
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966:
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934:
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908:
904:
898:
895:
891:
885:
882:
878:
872:
869:
865:
859:
856:
853:
852:0-7475-4519-7
849:
845:
839:
836:
832:
826:
823:
819:
813:
810:
807:Nelson, p.186
804:
801:
797:
791:
788:
784:
778:
775:
772:, pp. 149–150
771:
765:
762:
758:
752:
749:
745:
739:
737:
733:
729:
723:
720:
714:
711:
703:
696:
690:
687:
683:
677:
674:
670:
664:
661:
657:
651:
648:
645:
644:0-7475-4519-7
641:
637:
631:
628:
624:
618:
615:
611:
605:
602:
598:
592:
589:
583:
580:
576:
570:
568:
566:
562:
556:
553:
548:
544:
538:
536:
532:
528:
522:
520:
516:
512:
506:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
482:
480:
478:
477:
467:
465:
463:
458:
453:
451:
447:
443:
438:
437:loyalist feud
430:
428:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
338:starry plough
335:
331:
327:
323:
318:
316:
312:
311:Shankill Road
308:
302:
300:
296:
292:
284:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
154:
150:
146:
145:Shankill Road
142:
138:
133:
130:
126:
122:
114:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
89:
83:
79:
75:
72:Manual worker
71:
67:
63:
59:
54:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1766:
1661:Larry Marley
1396:Wiliam Smith
1388:
1381:
1376:Billy Elliot
1374:
1350:Billy Wright
1348:
1334:Lindsay Robb
1306:
1299:
1292:
1278:Harris Boyle
1251:
1247:Billy Spence
1234:
1215:Lenny Murphy
1177:
1167:Mark Haddock
1165:
1156:David Ervine
1145:John Bingham
1143:
1139:Robert Bates
1109:
1092:Gusty Spence
1077:the Troubles
1075:
1016:
991:
983:
975:The Guardian
973:
968:
959:
951:
950:Ed Moloney,
946:
938:
933:
924:
915:
906:
897:
889:
884:
876:
871:
863:
858:
843:
838:
833:, p. 151-152
830:
825:
817:
812:
803:
795:
790:
782:
777:
769:
764:
756:
751:
743:
742:Ed Moloney,
727:
722:
713:
702:the original
689:
681:
676:
668:
663:
655:
650:
635:
630:
622:
617:
609:
604:
596:
591:
582:
574:
555:
547:the original
526:
510:
505:
474:
471:
454:
450:David Ervine
434:
418:
406:John McQuade
367:
349:
346:British Army
322:Martin Smyth
319:
303:
288:
279:Marion Price
260:
217:Tommy Lyttle
209:Stanley Orme
193:Gusty Spence
190:
137:The Troubles
134:
118:
96:
95:
18:
1655:Maire Drumm
1643:Billy Hanna
1294:Billy Hanna
1210:John Murphy
1185:Bobby McKee
1179:Trevor King
1161:Billy Giles
1124:(1976-date)
1106:(1973–1974)
1100:(1966–1973)
988:Merlyn Rees
907:independent
457:Ian Paisley
326:John Taylor
299:Merlyn Rees
170:Ian Paisley
61:Nationality
1781:Categories
1314:Robin King
1110:Ken Gibson
483:References
468:Later life
410:Gerry Fitt
398:Hugh Smyth
358:Glenn Barr
258:brigades.
256:Mid-Ulster
213:Andy Tyrie
69:Occupation
25:Ken Gibson
1631:Jim Hanna
1344:John Weir
1104:Jim Hanna
1011:Jim Hanna
844:Loyalists
682:Loyalists
636:Loyalists
334:communism
248:car bombs
225:unionists
166:Long Kesh
149:Jim Hanna
941:, p. 100
892:, p. 157
879:, p. 155
866:, p. 154
820:, p. 151
785:, p. 150
759:, p. 349
730:, p. 144
416:(SDLP).
394:Vanguard
315:Weetabix
267:Holywood
252:Monaghan
172:and the
162:interned
105:loyalist
1442:Actions
1363:members
1271:members
1074:during
658:, p. 79
448:leader
412:of the
388:leader
372:in the
328:of the
309:on the
275:Dolours
121:Belfast
111:(UVF).
64:British
53:Belfast
1681:(2000)
1675:(2000)
1669:(1994)
1663:(1987)
1657:(1976)
1651:(1975)
1645:(1975)
1639:(1975)
1633:(1974)
1616:(2000)
1610:(1998)
1604:(1994)
1598:(1994)
1582:(1991)
1576:(1988)
1570:(1979)
1564:(1976)
1558:(1976)
1552:(1976)
1546:(1976)
1540:(1976)
1529:(1975)
1523:(1975)
1517:(1975)
1511:(1975)
1505:(1975)
1499:(1974)
1493:(1974)
1482:(1972)
1476:(1972)
1470:(1972)
1464:(1971)
1458:(1970)
1452:(1969)
1112:(1974)
1094:(1966)
994:, p.92
850:
642:
350:Combat
157:Dublin
1023:1974
705:(PDF)
698:(PDF)
205:UWC's
90:(UVF)
84:(VPP)
51:East
1767:bold
1716:Tara
848:ISBN
640:ISBN
431:Feud
360:and
324:and
277:and
215:and
43:Born
939:UDA
890:UVF
877:UVF
864:UVF
831:UVF
818:UVF
783:UVF
770:UVF
757:UVF
728:UVF
656:UDA
575:UVF
386:UDA
263:MI6
164:in
1783::
990:,
923:.
905:.
735:^
564:^
534:^
518:^
490:^
427:.
301:.
297:,
188:.
123:,
1058:e
1051:t
1044:v
909:.
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