788:
794:
961:
729:
1381:
1475:
295:
782:
1464:
481:
possibility that their host stars were binary systems; the only way that this was definitely known in the case of Kepler-14 was through the use of high-resolution imaging. If the less prominent portion of the Kepler-14 binary system had not been detected, Kepler-14b's mass would have been incorrect by nearly 60%, and its radius too small by about 10%.
376:
was used to find the centroid, the point in space around which both of the Kepler-14 stars orbit. Analysis of the collected data determined which component of the binary star system was the site of the transit signal, and, additionally, that the transit signal came from the primary star in the system
480:
The authors of Kepler-14b's discovery paper noted that, had they not discovered that Kepler-14 was indeed a binary system, the parameters for Kepler-14b would have been extremely inaccurate. They noted that other planets discovered using radial velocity measurements might not have accounted for the
416:
Kepler-14b's host star is the primary (A) component of the Kepler-14 binary system. However, because the binary system is so closely knit, it was impossible at the time of Kepler-14b's discovery to distinguish the characteristics of each individual star. If the Kepler-14 system was an individual
399:
Kepler-14 is a binary star system, which means that it is actually composed of two gravitationally bound stars that orbit a common point in space. The system is composed of a primary star, Kepler-14A, and a dimmer companion star, Kepler-14B. When the stars were observed, while searching for the
252:). However, the team was unable to confirm the planet until extensive follow-up observations, as high-resolution imaging resolved the star Kepler-14 as a closely orbiting binary system. The Kepler team would have not noticed that Kepler-14 was a binary star based solely on initial
404:
of the binary system made it extremely difficult to note the dimmer companion star. The stars have such a wide orbit that it takes approximately 2800 years for each star to complete a revolution around the centroid. The two stars are located approximately 980
239:
system. It is currently the only planet known to exist in this star system. Kepler-14b is 8.4 times the mass of
Jupiter and has a radius 1.14 times that of Jupiter, and it orbits its host star every 6.79 days. It was discovered by NASA-led
380:
Using the spectral data collected by HIRES and FIES, the Kepler team derived the characteristics of the host star. The HIRES and FIES results agreed on every aspect of the star that had been derived except for the star's
365:
Scientists investigated the possibility that the transit signal detected by Kepler was actually due to a third star in the system that eclipsed its sister stars. However a bisector analysis of the
1534:
279:. When the data collected during this period was analyzed, 1235 planetary candidates were identified amongst the observed 150,000 stars; all of these planetary candidates were suspected of
461:. In other words, the planet is 8.4 times more massive than Jupiter, but only 1.136 times Jupiter's size. This equates to a high density, which is measured at 7.1 g cm. According to the
453:
Kepler-14b is the sole planet discovered in the Kepler-14 system to date. The planet orbits the primary star in the Kepler-14 binary system. Kepler-14b is estimated to have 8.40
287:-98 (later known as Kepler-14b) seemed very clearly to indicate a planet, Kepler identified KOI-98 early on in its mission. Data on the object of interest was forwarded to the
256:
measurements (a standard method for confirming a planet's existence), and found that if they had not realized this, their data on Kepler-14b would have been very inaccurate.
811:
244:, which noted the planet as a planetary candidate as early as March 2009, around the same time as the discovery of the first five planets discovered by Kepler (
1400:
283:
their host stars, in which the planetary body periodically crosses in front of and slightly dims its host star. Because the data collected on the transits of
437:, or its age as determined by the rate at which a star spins, is estimated at 2.2 billion years, far younger than the Sun. It is also hotter, with an
697:
1509:
960:
728:
956:
425:
of 12.12, the star system is not visible from Earth with the naked eye. Kepler-14's combined results resemble that of a star that is 1.512
310:
to gather information that would accompany the gathered photometric observations. The High
Resolution Échelle Spectrometer (HIRES) at the
385:. With the stellar parameters known, the Kepler team interpreted the Spitzer data to confirm that Kepler-14b was indeed a planet.
599:
462:
32:
66:
1524:
1488:
1483:
1478:
690:
604:
284:
45:
465:, which calculated Kepler-14b's eccentricity independently, Kepler-14b has a slightly irregular orbit, with an
303:
288:
1380:
787:
757:
373:
152:
1519:
714:
683:
418:
272:
1514:
438:
434:
311:
1238:
1324:
649:
556:
466:
307:
86:
793:
1405:
1389:
904:
724:
331:
268:
241:
117:
50:
1299:
342:
to confirm WIYN's findings. Although suspected as a planet early on, KOI-98 was not included when
1468:
1233:
916:
892:
829:
639:
546:
422:
401:
1441:
928:
817:
803:
761:
737:
276:
1427:
1330:
1289:
659:
566:
315:
217:
79:
1284:
326:, which complicated the analysis. A November 2009 operation of the ARIES instrument on the
1294:
1274:
382:
339:
327:
319:
253:
654:
561:
1433:
474:
470:
458:
335:
298:
The
Palomar Observatory confirmed findings suggesting that Kepler-14 was a binary star.
280:
167:
97:
72:
1529:
1503:
1304:
1279:
1269:
996:
969:
571:
534:
628:"Revisiting the Kepler field with TESS: Improved ephemerides using TESS 2 min data"
454:
430:
193:
294:
535:"Kepler-14b: A Massive Hot Jupiter Transiting an F Star in a Close Visual Binary"
275:
data continuously over a four-month period in a small area of sky, using a 0.95m
1335:
1072:
991:
781:
770:
442:
323:
233:
1221:
1216:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1148:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1099:
1094:
1031:
985:
426:
410:
1422:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1308:
1228:
1211:
1169:
1153:
1106:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1006:
1001:
865:
751:
664:
627:
594:
394:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
249:
245:
236:
138:
445:
of 0.12, Kepler-14 has 132% more iron than the amount measured in the Sun.
477:
from its host star is about 8.213 times the measured radius of Kepler-14.
1253:
1248:
1243:
1041:
1036:
1026:
1021:
940:
853:
841:
366:
1447:
1016:
1011:
886:
881:
876:
207:
406:
644:
1319:
745:
551:
293:
302:
The Fibre-fed Échelle
Spectrograph (FIES) on the Canary Islands'
1345:
675:
264:
232:
is an extrasolar planet in orbit around the primary star of the
214:
179:
679:
330:
and the July 2010 use of the PHARO near-infrared camera on the
110:
362:
were published, as further investigation was still required.
322:
found that the host star of KOI-98 was actually a close-knit
372:
On August 7, 2010, the
Infrared Array Camera aboard the
271:
spacecraft, which was launched in March 2009, collected
469:
of 0.035. Kepler-14b takes approximately 6.79 days to
533:
Buchhave, Lars A.; et al. (28 September 2011).
1535:
Exoplanets discovered by the Kepler space telescope
1414:
1377:
1344:
1262:
955:
801:
723:
204:
178:
150:
145:
134:
116:
95:
85:
78:
64:
56:
44:
31:
26:
377:(as opposed to the fainter, less prominent star).
632:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
626:Battley, Matthew P; et al. (10 March 2021).
16:Extrasolar planet of the binary Kepler-14 system
528:
526:
524:
522:
520:
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
691:
8:
369:of KOI-98's star ruled out that hypothesis.
21:
539:The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
698:
684:
676:
663:
653:
643:
570:
560:
550:
490:
20:
1438:(end of mission; Mar 2010 / May 2011)
588:
586:
584:
582:
7:
607:from the original on 19 October 2012
306:was operated in October 2009, using
14:
1474:
1473:
1462:
1379:
959:
792:
786:
780:
727:
600:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
463:Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia
748:(mission to the Moon; Sep 2011)
291:for a follow-up investigation.
595:"Notes for Planet Kepler-14 b"
314:was also utilized. Use of the
1:
1510:Exoplanets discovered in 2011
1489:Category:2012 in outer space
1484:Category:2011 in outer space
1479:Category:2010 in outer space
1450:orbital insertion; Jul 2011)
1430:orbital insertion; Apr 2011)
60:Paper submitted 27 June 2011
1401:45P/Honda–Mrkos–Pajdušáková
773:(mission to Mars; Nov 2011)
767:(mission to Mars; Nov 2011)
742:(Jupiter orbiter; Aug 2011)
1551:
392:
1457:
812:Asteroid close approaches
778:
754:(Mars orbiter); Nov 2011)
711:
572:10.1088/0067-0049/197/1/3
223:
98:Orbital period (sidereal)
304:Nordic Optical Telescope
289:Kepler Follow-up Program
146:Physical characteristics
758:Mars Science Laboratory
593:Jean Schneider (2011).
400:planet Kepler-14b, the
374:Spitzer Space Telescope
80:Orbital characteristics
1469:Outer space portal
299:
1525:Transiting exoplanets
665:10.1093/mnras/stab701
439:effective temperature
435:gyrochronological age
417:star, it would be an
312:W.M. Keck Observatory
297:
725:Space probe launches
467:orbital eccentricity
308:Doppler spectroscopy
1406:C/2011 W3 (Lovejoy)
1325:SDSS J102915+172927
655:2021MNRAS.503.4092B
562:2011ApJS..197....3B
473:its host star. The
332:Palomar Observatory
57:Discovery date
46:Discovery site
23:
1234:MOA-2009-BLG-387Lb
441:of 6395 K. With a
423:apparent magnitude
402:angular separation
334:'s 200 inch
300:
33:Discovered by
1497:
1496:
1415:Space exploration
277:Schmidt telescope
227:
226:
51:Kepler spacecraft
1542:
1477:
1476:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1395:
1383:
1331:moons of Jupiter
1316:
1314:
1313:
1239:PSR J1719−1438 b
990:habitability of
963:
948:
946:
945:
936:
934:
933:
929:(549948) 2011 WL
924:
922:
921:
917:(308635) 2005 YU
912:
910:
909:
905:(436724) 2011 UW
900:
898:
897:
893:(415029) 2011 UL
873:
871:
870:
861:
859:
858:
849:
847:
846:
837:
835:
834:
830:(471240) 2011 BT
825:
823:
822:
818:(367789) 2011 AG
796:
790:
784:
731:
700:
693:
686:
677:
670:
669:
667:
657:
647:
638:(3): 4092–4104.
623:
617:
616:
614:
612:
590:
577:
576:
574:
564:
554:
530:
389:Host star system
316:WIYN Observatory
192:
191:
166:
165:
130:
129:
109:
107:
67:Detection method
24:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1410:
1394:
1390:
1373:
1340:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1295:Kerberos (moon)
1290:ULAS J1120+0641
1258:
951:
943:
942:
939:
931:
930:
927:
919:
918:
915:
907:
906:
903:
895:
894:
891:
868:
867:
864:
856:
855:
852:
844:
843:
840:
832:
831:
828:
820:
819:
816:
797:
791:
785:
776:
719:
718:
707:
704:
674:
673:
625:
624:
620:
610:
608:
592:
591:
580:
532:
531:
492:
487:
451:
449:Characteristics
397:
391:
383:radial velocity
340:adaptive optics
328:MMT Observatory
320:speckle imaging
262:
254:radial velocity
210:
199:
196:
190:
187:
186:
185:
173:
170:
164:
161:
160:
159:
155:
128:
125:
124:
123:
105:
103:
100:
69:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1548:
1546:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1471:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1439:
1431:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1384:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1302:
1300:PSR J1719−1438
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:Swift J1644+57
1272:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1177:
1167:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1104:
1103:
1102:
1097:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1070:
1067:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
988:
983:
982:
981:
978:
975:
966:
964:
953:
952:
950:
949:
937:
925:
913:
901:
889:
884:
879:
874:
862:
850:
838:
826:
814:
808:
806:
799:
798:
779:
777:
775:
774:
768:
755:
749:
743:
734:
732:
721:
720:
713:
712:
709:
708:
705:
703:
702:
695:
688:
680:
672:
671:
618:
578:
489:
488:
486:
483:
455:Jupiter masses
450:
447:
421:star. With an
413:) from Earth.
393:Main article:
390:
387:
336:Hale Telescope
261:
258:
242:Kepler mission
225:
224:
221:
220:
211:
205:
202:
201:
197:
194:
188:
182:
176:
175:
171:
168:
162:
156:
151:
148:
147:
143:
142:
136:
132:
131:
126:
120:
114:
113:
101:
96:
93:
92:
91:0.035 (± 0.02)
89:
83:
82:
76:
75:
73:Transit method
70:
65:
62:
61:
58:
54:
53:
48:
42:
41:
35:
29:
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1547:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:Giant planets
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1490:
1486:
1485:
1480:
1472:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1306:
1305:Uranus trojan
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1280:Kronberger 61
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1270:UDFj-39546284
1268:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1168:
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
997:Gliese 3634 b
995:
993:
989:
987:
984:
979:
976:
973:
972:
971:
970:82 G. Eridani
968:
967:
965:
962:
958:
954:
947:
938:
935:
926:
923:
914:
911:
902:
899:
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
872:
863:
860:
851:
848:
839:
836:
827:
824:
815:
813:
810:
809:
807:
805:
800:
795:
789:
783:
772:
769:
766:
764:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
740:
736:
735:
733:
730:
726:
722:
716:
710:
706:2011 in space
701:
696:
694:
689:
687:
682:
681:
678:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
637:
633:
629:
622:
619:
606:
602:
601:
596:
589:
587:
585:
583:
579:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
544:
540:
536:
529:
527:
525:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
491:
484:
482:
478:
476:
475:mean distance
472:
468:
464:
460:
459:Jupiter radii
456:
448:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
414:
412:
408:
403:
396:
388:
386:
384:
378:
375:
370:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
296:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
259:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
235:
231:
222:
219:
216:
212:
209:
203:
200:
183:
181:
177:
174:
157:
154:
149:
144:
140:
137:
133:
121:
119:
115:
112:
102:
99:
94:
90:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
71:
68:
63:
59:
55:
52:
49:
47:
43:
40:
36:
34:
30:
25:
19:
1515:Hot Jupiters
1482:
1442:
1434:
1421:
1143:
986:Gliese 433 b
762:
738:
635:
631:
621:
609:. Retrieved
598:
542:
538:
479:
452:
427:solar masses
415:
398:
379:
371:
364:
301:
263:
229:
228:
213:7.1 (± 1.1)
163:−0.054
108:0.0000003985
104:6.7901236131
87:Eccentricity
38:
37:L. Buchhave
18:
1336:GRB 111209A
1285:WD 0806−661
1263:Discoveries
1057:HD 137388 b
1052:HD 131496 b
1047:HD 100655 b
992:Gliese 581d
771:Fobos-Grunt
443:metallicity
431:solar radii
411:light years
324:binary star
273:photometric
189:−0.18
153:Mean radius
118:Inclination
1504:Categories
1207:Kepler-39b
1202:Kepler-22b
1149:Kepler-16b
1144:Kepler-14b
1042:HD 98219 b
1037:HD 96063 b
1032:HD 85512 b
1027:HD 82886 b
1022:HD 30856 b
957:Exoplanets
645:2103.03259
485:References
457:and 1.136
429:and 2.048
281:transiting
230:Kepler-14b
139:Kepler-14A
127:−2.8
22:Kepler-14b
1423:MESSENGER
1391:P/2011 NO
1369:SN 2011fe
1364:SN 2011dh
1359:SN 2011by
1354:SN 2010lt
1229:LkCa 15 b
1212:Kepler-70
1170:Kepler-20
1154:Kepler-18
1107:Kepler-11
1090:Kepler-10
1085:Kepler-9d
1080:HR 7722 c
1062:HIP 57274
1017:HD 7199 b
1012:HD 1502 b
1007:HAT-P-33b
1002:HAT-P-32b
802:Selected
763:Curiosity
752:Yinghuo-1
552:1106.5510
395:Kepler-14
360:Kepler-8b
356:Kepler-7b
352:Kepler-6b
348:Kepler-5b
344:Kepler-4b
260:Discovery
250:Kepler-8b
246:Kepler-4b
237:Kepler-14
27:Discovery
1396:(Elenin)
1254:WASP-44b
1249:WASP-43b
1244:WASP-39b
717: »
605:Archived
545:(1). 3.
141:(KOI-98)
1428:Mercury
1378:Comets
1309:2011 QF
941:2011 XC
887:2011 MD
882:2009 BD
877:2011 GA
866:2011 EO
854:2011 ES
842:2011 CQ
650:Bibcode
611:15 July
557:Bibcode
409:(3,196
407:parsecs
367:spectra
208:density
1435:Spirit
433:. Its
419:F-type
358:, and
269:Kepler
234:binary
158:1.136
39:et al.
1448:Vesta
1346:Novae
1320:U1.11
765:rover
746:GRAIL
640:arXiv
547:arXiv
471:orbit
338:used
206:Mean
184:8.40
122:90.0
1530:Lyra
1443:Dawn
804:NEOs
739:Juno
715:2012
613:2011
318:for
265:NASA
180:Mass
135:Star
908:158
660:doi
636:503
567:doi
543:197
285:KOI
267:'s
248:to
1506::
1487:—
1481:—
1329:2
1312:99
920:55
896:21
869:40
833:15
760:/
658:.
648:.
634:.
630:.
603:.
597:.
581:^
565:.
555:.
541:.
537:.
493:^
354:,
350:,
346:,
218:cm
1446:(
1426:(
1393:1
1222:c
1217:b
1195:f
1190:e
1185:d
1180:c
1175:b
1164:d
1161:c
1158:b
1137:g
1132:f
1127:e
1122:d
1117:c
1112:b
1100:c
1095:b
1073:d
1069:c
1066:b
980:d
977:c
974:b
944:2
932:2
857:4
845:1
821:5
699:e
692:t
685:v
668:.
662::
652::
642::
615:.
575:.
569::
559::
549::
215:g
198:J
195:M
172:J
169:R
111:d
106:±
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