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since 1927, formed the Circle after Hitler's request in 1932 for the formation of a "study group on economic questions". Members were not initially expected to be party members (though many later joined the party), and portrayed the group as
881:
96:, a friend of Keppler, beginning in 1935. From 1936 to 1944, the members of the circle donated approximately 1 million Marks a year to Himmler for uses "outside the budget". One use of the money was to fund the
916:
941:
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89:" and an "innocuous gentleman's club". The size of the group never exceeded 40 members. Groups represented included manufacturing, banking, and SS officials.
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in 1949. Rasche was released from prison in 1950, while
Keppler was released in February 1951.
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992:
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790:
638:
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395:
632:
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728:
666:. Vol. VI: The Flick Case. United States Government Printing Office. 1952. p. 287.
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The
Respectable Career of Fritz K.: The Making and Remaking of a Provincial Nazi Leader
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184:
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1137:
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433:
260:. Flick was released from prison in 1950, while Steinbrinck died in prison in 1949.
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were sentenced to 10 years and 7 years in prison, respectively following the
871:
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113:
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483:, a former employee of Keppler's and member of Himmler's personal staff;
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Reich
Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion
54:
and business and industry. The group was formed and co-ordinated by
697:
194:
179:
164:
101:
81:
50:
industrialists whose aim was to strengthen the ties between the
701:
660:
Trials of War
Criminals Before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals
132:. The project stopped at this stage when Germany lost the war.
256:
were sentenced to 7 years and 5 years, respectively, at the
466:, head of the Administrative and Economic office of the SS;
128:
for defleshing and ultimately public display by
Professor
268:
were both executed in 1951, after being convicted at the
1106:
1075:
1044:
985:
890:
854:
758:
538:"Chapter 9: Wall Street and the Nazi Inner Circle"
631:Berghoff, Hartmut; Rauh, Cornelia (2015-05-30).
213:was killed during an American air raid in 1944.
578:"Frederick Flick's Opportunism and Expediency"
294:, Keppler's nephew and member of the board at
713:
402:for his work to save Jews from the Holocaust)
202:receives his sentence of death by hanging at
139:, later benefited from the NSDAP's policy of
8:
782:("Circle of Friends of the Reichsführer-SS")
476:, of the Reich Group for Commerce and Trade;
135:At least some members of the group, such as
27:German industrialists linked with Nazi Party
588:(2). Anti-Defamation League. Archived from
510:Private sector participation in Nazi crimes
720:
706:
698:
582:Dimensions: A Journal of Holocaust Studies
817:(Personal Administrative Officer to RFSS)
231:committed suicide at the end of the war.
150:
69:
521:
458:Gottfried Graf von Bismarck-Schönhausen
922:Persecution of Slavs in Eastern Europe
80:Keppler, who had been a member of the
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112:, when 86 victims were selected at
942:Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses
637:. Berghahn Books. pp. 62–63.
543:Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler
500:Secret Meeting of 20 February 1933
25:
678:"The Righteous Among The Nations"
340:German-American Petroleum Company
92:The group became associated with
1116:(predecessor as Reichsführer-SS)
799:(successor as Chief of the RSHA)
536:Sutton, Antony C. (2010-11-01).
108:research. It also sponsored the
42:", "Freundeskreis Himmler" or "
36:Circle of Friends of the Economy
284:Members of the group included:
1122:(successor as Reichsführer-SS)
775:Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS
1:
780:Freundeskreis Reichsführer-SS
143:of Jewish-owned competitors.
122:Natzweiler concentration camp
40:Freundeskreis Reichsführer SS
952:Kommandostab Reichsführer-SS
62:'s close economic advisors.
32:Freundeskreis der Wirtschaft
947:Persecution of black people
835:(second personal assistant)
442:, chairman of the board at
126:Reichsuniversität Straßburg
124:and the corpses shipped to
1193:
1152:(man who arrested Himmler)
937:Suppression of Freemasonry
927:Persecution of homosexuals
917:Crimes against Soviet POWs
449:From politics and the SS:
318:, the General Director of
977:Himmler-Kersten Agreement
805:(Chief of Personal Staff)
735:
1172:Nazi Party organizations
750:Minister of the Interior
486:group financial manager
330:Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG
328:, the vice-president of
46:Circle") was a group of
38:(which became known as "
488:Kurt Baron von Schröder
351:Ewald Hecker, chair of
302:Kurt Baron von Schröder
110:Jewish skull collection
1093:Claus von Stauffenberg
1057:Army Group Upper Rhine
746:Chief of German Police
432:, board member of the
398:(and later honored by
207:
192:
177:
162:
116:, then murdered using
77:
454:Carl Vincent Krogmann
363:Vereinigte Stahlwerke
338:, board chair of the
198:
183:
168:
154:
73:
1134:(personal physician)
1098:Henning von Tresckow
932:Persecution of Serbs
912:Crimes against Poles
505:Industrielleneingabe
460:, political figures;
348:, chair of Flick KG;
287:From manufacturing:
274:Einsatzgruppen trial
234:William Keppler and
189:Einsatzgruppen trial
66:Role and development
957:Deutsche Volksliste
839:Walter Schellenberg
797:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
793:(Chief of the RSHA)
576:Stallbaumer, L. M.
546:. CLAIRVIEW BOOKS.
422:, president of the
306:Emil Heinrich Meyer
221:Emil Heinrich Meyer
1140:(personal masseur)
1067:Operation Nordwind
1062:Army Group Vistula
962:Operation Reinhard
891:Responsibility for
845:Karl Maria Wiligut
770:Ideology of the SS
440:Friedrich Reinhart
406:Richard Kaselowsky
386:Norddeutsche Lloyd
369:Heinrich Bütefisch
211:Richard Kaselowsky
208:
193:
178:
170:Heinrich Bütefisch
163:
100:, which conducted
78:
1159:
1158:
1052:Operation Himmler
1019:(younger brother)
993:Margarete Himmler
791:Reinhard Heydrich
396:Robert Bosch GmbH
191:, 9 October 1947.
187:testifies at the
16:(Redirected from
1184:
1177:Heinrich Himmler
1128:(closest friend)
1076:Failed assassins
1037:(brother-in-law)
1031:(brother-in-law)
827:Werner Grothmann
729:Heinrich Himmler
722:
715:
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479:group secretary
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346:Friederich Flick
326:Otto Steinbrinck
276:, respectively.
254:Otto Steinbrinck
250:Friederich Flick
240:Ministries Trial
204:Nuremberg trials
160:Nuremberg Trials
94:Heinrich Himmler
21:
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1035:Richard Wendler
1013:(older brother)
1005:Hedwig Potthast
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907:Romani genocide
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841:(personal aide)
809:Hedwig Potthast
761:Reichsführer-SS
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420:Hjalmar Schacht
377:
371:, of IG-Farben;
336:Emil Helfferich
310:ITT Corporation
292:Fritz Kranefuss
282:
229:Fritz Kranefuss
217:Fritz Kranefuss
156:Friedrich Flick
149:
137:Friedrich Flick
104:historical and
75:Wilhelm Keppler
68:
56:Wilhelm Keppler
28:
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1023:Katrin Himmler
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1011:Gebhard Ludwig
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999:Gudrun Burwitz
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474:Otto Ohlendorf
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415:From banking:
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389:
375:Karl Lindemann
372:
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316:August Rosterg
313:
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266:Otto Ohlendorf
185:Otto Ohlendorf
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18:Keppler Circle
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1144:Hugo Blaschke
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1138:Felix Kersten
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1132:Karl Gebhardt
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1126:Falk Zipperer
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902:The Holocaust
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855:Organizations
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821:Hermann Gauch
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815:Rudolf Brandt
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644:9781782385943
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592:on 2017-02-15
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441:
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434:Dresdner Bank
431:
428:
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421:
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411:
408:, manager of
407:
404:
401:
397:
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381:
376:
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367:
364:
360:
359:Albert Vögler
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353:Ilseder Hütte
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226:
225:Albert Vögler
222:
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205:
201:
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182:
175:
172:in charge at
171:
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147:Post-war fate
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57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1088:Thomas Sneum
1029:Heinz Kokott
833:Heinz Macher
786:Adolf Hitler
779:
759:
739:
685:. Retrieved
681:
672:
659:
653:
633:
594:. Retrieved
590:the original
585:
581:
542:
470:Franz Hayler
448:
414:
286:
283:
248:
233:
215:
209:
141:aryanization
134:
91:
79:
60:Adolf Hitler
35:
31:
29:
847:(occultist)
811:(secretary)
464:Oswald Pohl
444:Commerzbank
430:Karl Rasche
378: [
320:Wintershall
312:executives;
262:Oswald Pohl
258:Flick trial
236:Karl Rasche
200:Oswald Pohl
158:during the
130:August Hirt
1166:Categories
1120:Karl Hanke
1007:(mistress)
1001:(daughter)
877:Lebensborn
823:(adjutant)
803:Karl Wolff
687:2017-03-20
682:Yad Vashem
596:2017-02-14
516:References
424:Reichsbank
410:Dr. Oetker
400:Yad Vashem
394:, head of
270:Pohl trial
106:eugenicist
52:Nazi Party
1146:(dentist)
872:Ahnenerbe
392:Hans Walz
244:Nuremberg
114:Auschwitz
98:Ahnenerbe
58:, one of
1045:Military
967:Hegewald
494:See also
272:and the
174:Monowitz
118:Zyklon B
867:Gestapo
280:Members
120:gas at
87:palaver
44:Keppler
1107:People
995:(wife)
986:Family
641:
550:
296:Brabag
227:, and
48:German
1017:Ernst
664:(PDF)
384:, of
382:]
361:, of
176:works
102:Aryan
82:NSDAP
34:, or
639:ISBN
548:ISBN
472:and
456:and
304:and
264:and
252:and
30:The
242:at
1168::
680:.
605:^
586:13
584:.
580:.
562:^
540:.
524:^
380:de
308:,
223:,
219:,
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206:.
85:"
20:)
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