1094:, appeared in a vision and said, "If you will believe in Christ, I will lead you lest you perish." The king promised to become Christian, and the saint told him to close his eyes and he found himself back home (Bar Hebraeus' version says the saint led him to the open valley where his home was). When he met Christian merchants, he remembered the vision and asked them about the Christian religion, prayer and the book of canon laws. They taught him the
172:
1347:"It is said that in ancient times was the king; He had seven sons, all of them swarthy. For this reason they were called Kerait. After a time, each of the branches, and the progeny of those sons got a special name and nickname. Until very recently, in Kerait was the name of one branch, the sovereign one; the other sons became the servants of his brother, who was their sovereign, while they did not have sovereignty."
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learned, and makes the sign of the cross over it, and he and his people after him take a draft from it." Yohannan replied to
Abdisho telling him one priest and one deacon was to be sent with altar paraments to baptize the king and his people. Yohannan also approved the exemption of the Keraites from strict church law, stating that while they had to abstain from meat during the annual
781:
1029:
and very confused in terms of liturgy, not following the usual norms of
Christian churches elsewhere in the world. He attributes this to the lack of teachers of the faith, power struggles among the clergy and a willingness to make doctrinal concessions to win the favour of the Khans. Contact with the
748:
The people were divided into a "central" faction and an "outer" faction. The central faction served as the khan's army and was composed of warriors from many different tribes with no loyalties to anyone but the Khan. This made the central faction more of a quasi-feudal state than a genuine tribe. The
1121:
Abdisho also related that the Khan had already "set up a pavilion to take the place of an altar, in which was a cross and a Gospel, and named it after Mar
Sergius, and he tethered a mare there and he takes her milk and lays it on the Gospel and the cross, and recites over it the prayers which he has
1150:
in the early 15th century, they disappear as an identifiable group. There are various hypotheses as to which groups may partially have been derived from them during the 16th or 17th century. According to
Tynyshbaev (1925), their further fate was closely linked to that of the
1053:, otherwise set in India or Ethiopia, was also brought in connection with the Eastern Christian rulers of the Keraites. In some versions of the legend, Prester John was explicitly identified with Toghril, but Mongolian sources say nothing about his religion.
825:
in 1195. The Jin commander sent an emissary to
Timujin. A fight with the Tatars broke out and the Mongol alliance defeated them. In 1196, the Jin Dynasty awarded Toghrul the title of "Wang" (king). After this, Toghrul was recorded under the title "Wang Khan"
749:"outer" faction was composed of tribes that pledged obedience to the khan, but lived on their own tribal pastures and functioned semi-autonomously. The "capital" of the Keraite khanate was a place called Orta Balagasun, which was probably located in an old
760:
Markus Buyruk Khan was a
Keraite leader who also led the Zubu confederacy. In 1100, he was killed by the Liao. Kurchakus Buyruk Khan was a son and successor of Bayruk Markus, among whose wives was Toreqaimish Khatun, daughter of Korchi Buiruk Khan of the
737:. At the height of its power, the Keraite Khanate was organized along the same lines as the Naimans and other powerful steppe tribes of the day. A section is dedicated to the Keraites by Rashid al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318), the official historian of the
1304:"A General History And Collection of Voyages And Travels, Arranged In Systematic Order: Forming A Complete History of The Origin And Progress of Navigation, Discovery, And Commerce By Sea And Land, From The Earliest ages to the present time."
1254:
1627:"The further fate of our Kerei is closely linked with the fate of Argyn, although they did not play such a large role as the Argyn. The Kerei participated in the campaign of Barak (1420) in Tashkent and Khujand.
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700:
At that time they had more power and strength than other tribes. The call of Jesus - peace be upon him - reached them and they entered his faith. They belong to the Mongol ethnicity. They reside along the
1118:
in
Baghdad. Abdisho informed Yohannan V that the Khan asked him about fasting and whether they could be exempted from the usual Christian way of fasting since their diet was mainly meat and milk.
1763:
1130:) to "sweet milk" (normal milk) to remember the suffering of Christ during the Lenten fast. Yohannan also told Abdisho to endeavor to find wheat and wine for them, so they can celebrate the
1090:
According to these accounts, shortly before 1007, the
Keraite Khan lost his way during a snowstorm while hunting in the high mountains of his land. When he had abandoned all hope, a saint,
1266:Бембеев В. Ойраты. Ойрат-калмыки. Калмыки: история, культура, расселение, общественный строй до образования Калмыцкого ханства в Поволжье и Предкавказье. — Джангар, 2004. — С. 87. — 495 с.
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for "black, swarthy". There have been various other Mongol and Turkic tribes with names involving the term, which are often conflated. According to the early 14th-century work
1255:Нанзатов Б. З., Содномпилова М. М. Селенгинские буряты в XIX в.: этнический состав и расселение (юго-западный ареал) // Вестник БНЦ СО РАН. — 2019. — № 1 (33). — С. 126—134.
806::Тоорил хан/Tooril khan) who was the son of Kurchakus by Ilma Khatun, reigned from the 1160s to 1203. His palace was located at present-day Ulan Bator and he became
859:
In 1203, Temüjin defeated the
Keraites, who were distracted by the collapse of their coalition. Toghrul was killed by Naiman soldiers who failed to recognize him.
1799:
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1134:. As a result of the mission that followed, the king and 200,000 of his people were baptized (both Bar Hebraeus and Mari ibn Suleiman give the same number).
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have been proposed as possibly in part derived from the remnants of the
Keraites who sought refuge in Eastern Europe in the early 15th century.
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The Keraites consisted of eight Mongolic tribes, including the Khereid, Jirkhin, Khonkhoid, Sukhait, Albat, Tumaut, Dunghaid, and the Khirkh.
1547:
1446:
1764:"Some Aspects of Turco-Mongol Christianity in the Light of Literary and Epigraphic Syriac Sources (Pier Giorgio Borbone) - Academia.edu"
1724:("Keraites in the ethnogenesis of the peoples of Eurasia: historiography of the problem"), Elista: Kalmyk State University Press (2008).
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1244:Нанзатов Б. З. Кударинские буряты в XIX веке: этнический состав и расселение // Вестник БНЦ СО РАН. — 2016. — № 4 (24). — С. 126—134.
1994:
1393:
128:
998:, early in the 11th century. Other tribes evangelized entirely or to a great extent during the 10th and 11th centuries were the
895:. The remaining Keraites submitted to Timujin's rule, but out of distrust, Timujin dispersed them among the other Mongol tribes.
1437:
Li, Tang (2006). "Sorkaktani Beki: A prominent Nestorian woman at the Mongol Court". In Malek, Roman; Hofrichter, Peter (eds.).
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374:
360:
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66:
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may be derived from the Keraites, but it may also be connected to the names of various other Central Asian groups involving
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818:('khan father'). Yesugei, having disposed of all Tughrul's sons, was now the only one in line to inherit the title khan.
822:
109:
2542:
1876:
1755:
1731:
1639:, obviously the Kerei who had remained among the Uzbeks of Ferghana, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva." Tynyshbaev (1925)
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like other Christians, they could still drink milk during that period, although they should switch from "sour milk" (
581:, Mongol legend traced the clan back to eight brothers with unusually dark faces and the confederation they founded.
81:
55:
1903:
918:
903:
62:
88:
1317:"EAS 107, Владимирцов 324, ОСНЯ 1, 338, АПиПЯЯ 54-55, 73, 103-104, 274. Despite TMN 3, 427, Щербак 1997, 134."
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After the Zubu broke up, the Keraites retained their dominance on the steppe until they were absorbed into the
31:
1744:
Togan, İsenbike, "Flexibility and Limitation in Steppe Formations: the Kerait Khanate and Chinggis Khan" in:
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1864:
1292:
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From the 1380s onward, Nestorian Christianity in Mongolia declined and vanished, on the one hand due to the
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871:, and then two years later divorced her and had her remarried to the general Jürchedei. Genghis Khan' son
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Triad Societies: Western Accounts of the History, Sociology and Linguistics of Chinese Secret Societies
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Mongolized ethnic groups.Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin or with a large Mongolian ethnic component.
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Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon ecclesiasticum (ed. and tr. J.B. Abbeloos and T.J. Lamy, vol. 3, coll. 279-81)
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798:
After Kurchakus Buyruk Khan died, Ilma's Tatar servant Eljidai became the de facto regent. This upset
765:. Kurchakus' younger brother was Gur Khan. Kurchakus Buyruk Khan had many sons. Notable sons included
1913:
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1734:"Родословная тюрков, киргизов, казахов и ханских династий" (trans. Бахыт Каирбеков), Alma-Ata, 1990.
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G. Németh, A Hongfoglaló Magyarság Kialakulása, Budapest, 1930, 264-68, cited after P. Oberling,
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991:
876:
803:
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the Kerei (as well as the Argyns) suffered relatively less than other peoples. In the wars of
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in origin. The names and titles of early Keraite leaders suggest that they were speakers of
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was the name of the leading brother's clan, while the clans of his brothers are recorded as
1356:Хойт С.К. Кереиты в этногенезе народов Евразии: историография проблемы. Элиста, 2008. 82 с.
856:, Toghrul, fearing Temüjin's growing power, plotted with Jamukha to have him assassinated.
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1952:
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Hunter, Erica C. D. (1989). "The Conversion of the Kerait to Christianity in A.D. 1009".
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They are first noted in Syriac Church records which mention them being absorbed into the
1291:"History of the voyages and discoveries made in the north translated from the German of
952:. These remnants were finally dispersed in the 1420s in the Mongol-Oirat wars fought by
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conquest of Karakorum. The remnants of the Keraits by late 14th century lived along the
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1042:(reigned 1370–1405), who effectively destroyed the Church of the East. The Church in
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in Syriac. At their suggestion, he sent a message to Abdisho, the Metropolitan of
1110:, for priests and deacons to baptize him and his tribe. Abdisho sent a letter to
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who had his younger brothers killed and then claimed the throne as Toghrul khan (
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1989:
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489:) in the early 11th century and are one of the possible sources of the European
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amalgamation from an early time. All Khereid tribal names have meanings in the
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plural suffix "d" (t; ud, uud, üd, üüd) and singular suffix "n" common among
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Their original territory was expansive, corresponding to much of what is now
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1683:
Boyle, John Andrew, "The Summer and Winter Camping Grounds of the Kereit,"
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933:'s troops in the 1270s were likely mostly composed of Keraites and Naimans.
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rivers, the land of the Mongols. That land is close to the country of the
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An account of the conversion of this people is given in the 12th-century
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After the final dispersal of the remaining Keraites settling along the
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V.V. Bartold in the article on Genghis Khan in the 1st edition of the
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1984:
1964:
1372:, New Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers University Press, 1970, p191.
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in 1254–1255, notes that Nestorianism in Mongolia was tainted by
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663:, but coalitions and incorporation of sub-clans may have led to
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The Keraites first entered history as the ruling faction of the
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One common theory sees the name as a cognate with the Mongolian
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during the 11th and 12th centuries and often fought with the
1722:Кереиты в этногенезе народов Евразии: историография проблемы
651:
It is unclear whether the Keraites should be classified as
1439:
Jingjiao: the Church of the East in China and Central Asia
1295:
and elucidated by several new and original maps" p.141-142
1758:"Материалы по истории казахского народа", Tashkent, 1925.
1046:
was destroyed by the invading Ming dynasty army in 1380.
769:, Yula-Mangus, Tai-Timur, Bukha-Timur. In union with the
592:
Other researchers also suggested that the Mongolian name
1699:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
1082:
1013:, who encountered many Nestorians during his stay at
887:. Tolui and Sorghaghtani Bekhi became the parents of
558:, in some earlier texts also as Karait or Karaites.
27:
Former Turco-Mongol tribal confederation in Mongolia
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1009:Hamadani stated that the Keraites were Christians.
481:during the 12th century. They had converted to the
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69:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1514:
867:Genghis Khan married the oldest niece of Toghrul,
520:in 1203 and became influential in the rise of the
1385:History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volym 4
648:, which controlled much of Mongolia at the time.
1730:Kudaiberdy-Uly, Sh. (Кудайберды-Улы, Шакарим),
546:). In English, the name is primarily adopted as
902:began to persecute them but he was executed by
698:
636:, a large confederacy of tribes that dominated
562:
537:
148:
1567:Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire
1793:
8:
1701:, University of London, 1944, 276–289.
1658:, vol. XV, Fasc. 5 (2002), pp. 536–537.
1536:Kingsley Bolton; Christopher Hutton (2000).
611:The Khereid should not be confused with the
1364:
1362:
1319:Tower of Babel Mongolian etymology database
721:around 1000 by Metropolitan Abdisho of the
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2184:
1800:
1786:
1778:
184:
140:
1081:where he names them with the Syriac word
615:, an unrelated turkic tribe in northwest
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
1754:Tynyshbaev, M. (Тынышбаев, Мухамеджан),
1542:. Taylor & Francis. pp. xlix–.
1194:List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans
1737:Németh, Julius, "Kereit, Kérey, Giray"
1605:Bar Hebraeus Chron. Syr. (1286) 204/184
1432:
1430:
1428:
1214:
1667:Dunlop (1944:289), following Howorth,
1464:
1454:
814:) to Yesugei. Genghis Khan called him
587:Jirkin, Konkant, Sakait, Tumaut, Albat
1635:, there is mention of a tribe called
906:when fighting against his custodian,
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308:
304:
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267:
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7:
1441:. Steyler Verlagsbuchhandlung GmbH.
1408:History of Mongolia (2003) Volume II
1233:Үндэсний Статистикийн Хороо. Хэрэйд.
1222:Үндэсний Статистикийн Хороо. Хэрээд.
1083:
917:Keraites arrived in Europe with the
504:(1913) located them along the upper
67:adding citations to reliable sources
2583:Former countries in Chinese history
1746:The Ottoman Empire and its Heritage
1116:Patriarch of the Church of the East
990:The Keraites were converted to the
600:name derived from the root Kheree (
2568:Church of the East in Central Asia
898:Rinchin protected Christians when
25:
1616:A History of Christianity in Asia
1748:, Vol. 15, Leiden: Brill (1998).
982:with his Keraite Christian wife
821:The Tatars rebelled against the
696:(Section Three, Khereid Tribe):
465:) were one of the five dominant
397:
372:
358:
170:
43:
1563:Atwood, Christopher P. (2004).
536:, the confederation is spelled
54:needs additional citations for
966:Christianity among the Mongols
840:
462:
1:
1282:(1913); see Dunlop (1944:277)
773:, they became vassals of the
944:and on the other due to the
723:Merv ecclesiastical province
1073:, and also by 13th-century
863:Mongol Empire and dispersal
784:Depiction of Wang Khan as "
563:
2609:
963:
29:
2539:
1741:36 (1965), 360–365.
1739:Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher
1707:Zentralasiatische Studien
1695:The Karaits of East Asia"
1517:The Realm of Prester John
1370:The Empire of the Steppes
1345:by L.A. Khetagurov (1952)
831:
538:
454:
337:
333:
321:• absorbed into the
305:
291:
244:
183:
167:
163:11th century–13th century
162:
149:
692:(1247–1318) says in the
671:and end with either the
516:. They were defeated by
30:Not to be confused with
1762:Borbone, Pier Giorgio.
1685:Central Asiatic Journal
1293:Johann Reinhold Forster
883:married a third niece,
875:married another niece,
844:). When Temüjin, later
791:Le Livre des Merveilles
473:tribal confederations (
447:Kerait, Kereit, Khereid
1388:. UNESCO. p. 74.
1331:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
987:
960:Nestorian Christianity
904:Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan
795:
715:
690:Rashid al-Din Hamadani
579:Rashid-al-Din Hamadani
1691:Douglas Morton Dunlop
1521:. Doubleday. p.
1279:Encyclopedia of Islam
1199:List of Mongol states
1128:fermented mare's milk
973:
783:
512:rivers and along the
274:Kurchakus Buyruk Khan
2593:Tribal confederacies
1687:17 (1973), 108–110.
1655:Encyclopedia Iranica
1422:, Paris, 1866, p.362
1306:Robert Kerr (writer)
1092:Sergius of Samarkand
270:• 12th century
260:• 12th century
250:• 11th century
63:improve this article
1766:. Pisa.academia.edu
1170:groups such as the
1034:was lost after the
380:Kara-Khanid Khanate
311:• Established
280:• –1203
2543:Donghu and Xianbei
1899:Mongolian nobility
1850:Slab Grave culture
1596:See Hunter (1991).
1511:Silverberg, Robert
1490:Tynyshbaev (1925)
1057:Conversion account
1011:William of Rubruck
992:Church of the East
988:
877:Sorghaghtani Bekhi
796:
719:Church of the East
669:Mongolian language
596:may be an ancient
483:Church of the East
479:Altai-Sayan region
254:Markus Buyruk Khan
219:Church of the East
2555:
2554:
2535:
2534:
2303:
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1830:Mongolian Plateau
1633:Muhammad Shaybani
1571:. Facts On File.
1549:978-0-415-24397-1
1499:Tynyshbaev (1925)
1481:Tynyshbaev (1925)
1448:978-3-8050-0534-0
1336:Jami' al-tawarikh
1308:, section VIII.2.
1132:Paschal Eucharist
1071:Mari ibn Suleiman
1063:Book of the Tower
852:for the title of
743:Jami' al-tawarikh
694:Jami' al-tawarikh
574:Jami' al-tawarikh
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16:(Redirected from
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1835:Mongol heartland
1809:Mongolic peoples
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1669:Unknown Mongolia
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1230:
1224:
1219:
1158:The name of the
1086:
1085:
1017:'s court and at
842:
833:
661:Turkic languages
566:
550:, alternatively
541:
540:
464:
456:
401:
400:
389:
388:
376:
375:
362:
361:
355:
354:
339:
338:
188:
174:
152:
151:
141:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
47:
39:
21:
2608:
2607:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2531:
2511:Sichuan Mongols
2441:
2411:
2317:Altai Uriankhai
2299:
2226:
2176:
2033:Medieval tribes
2027:
1918:
1904:Writing systems
1872:Medieval tribes
1811:
1806:
1769:
1767:
1761:
1751:
1727:
1717:
1704:
1680:
1675:
1666:
1662:
1647:
1643:
1626:
1622:
1613:
1609:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1562:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1509:
1508:Hunter (1991).
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1463:
1453:
1449:
1436:
1435:
1426:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1396:
1382:Unesco (1992).
1381:
1380:
1376:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1339:
1329:
1325:
1316:
1312:
1303:
1299:
1290:
1286:
1275:
1271:
1264:
1260:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1238:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1207:
1190:
1140:
1075:Syriac Orthodox
1067:Kitab al-Majdal
1059:
1032:Catholic Church
968:
962:
919:Mongol invasion
865:
794:, 15th century.
731:
630:
625:
530:
428:and some other
418:Khalkha Mongols
398:
373:
359:
326:
312:
281:
271:
261:
251:
207:
206:(Western Liao),
202:
197:
179:
178:
175:
158:
146:
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
60:
48:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2606:
2604:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2573:Turkic peoples
2570:
2560:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2482:
2477:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2419:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2366:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2313:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2255:Eastern Dorbet
2252:
2247:
2242:
2236:
2234:
2225:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2182:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1909:Soyombo symbol
1906:
1901:
1896:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1882:Nomadic empire
1879:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1865:Proto-Mongolic
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1821:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1797:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1759:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1725:
1715:
1702:
1688:
1679:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1660:
1641:
1620:
1607:
1598:
1584:
1577:
1555:
1548:
1528:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1474:
1447:
1424:
1410:
1401:
1394:
1374:
1358:
1349:
1323:
1310:
1297:
1284:
1269:
1258:
1247:
1236:
1225:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1186:
1139:
1136:
1058:
1055:
1049:The legend of
964:Main article:
961:
958:
879:, and his son
864:
861:
730:
727:
629:
626:
624:
621:
529:
526:
502:Vasily Bartold
437:
436:
434:Turkic peoples
415:
411:
410:
407:
406:
403:
402:
395:
386:
383:
382:
377:
369:
368:
363:
351:
350:
345:
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
320:
317:
316:
313:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
297:
296:Historical era
293:
292:
289:
288:
282:
279:
276:
275:
272:
269:
266:
265:
262:
259:
256:
255:
252:
249:
246:
245:
242:
241:
238:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
212:
211:
194:
190:
189:
181:
180:
176:
169:
168:
165:
164:
160:
159:
147:
144:
137:
136:
51:
49:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2605:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:Kerait people
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2578:Mongol states
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2505:Yunnan Mongol
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2414:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2402:Upper Mongols
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2183:
2181:Ethnic groups
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Khamag Mongol
2039:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1924:Proto-Mongols
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1887:Mongol Empire
1885:
1884:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1856:
1855:Ordos culture
1853:
1851:
1848:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1838:
1836:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1803:
1798:
1796:
1791:
1789:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1720:Khoyt, S.K.,
1716:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1677:
1670:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1656:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1574:
1569:
1568:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1532:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1458:
1450:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1395:9789231036545
1391:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1368:R. Grousset,
1365:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1338:cited after
1337:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1280:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1176:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1096:Lord's Prayer
1093:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1007:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
985:
981:
977:
972:
967:
959:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
932:
928:
924:
920:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
862:
860:
857:
855:
851:
847:
843:
837:
829:
824:
819:
817:
813:
809:
808:blood-brother
805:
801:
793:
792:
787:
782:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
758:
756:
752:
746:
744:
740:
736:
735:Mongol Empire
728:
726:
724:
720:
714:
712:
708:
704:
697:
695:
691:
687:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
627:
622:
620:
618:
614:
609:
607:
603:
599:
595:
590:
588:
584:
580:
576:
575:
570:
565:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
535:
527:
525:
523:
522:Mongol Empire
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
460:
452:
448:
444:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
416:
414:Today part of
412:
396:
394:
393:Mongol Empire
391:
390:
387:
381:
378:
371:
370:
367:
364:
357:
356:
353:
352:
349:
346:
344:
341:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
323:Mongol Empire
314:
301:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
273:
263:
253:
239:
237:
230:
227:
223:
220:
217:
213:
210:
205:
200:
196:Subjects to:
195:
191:
187:
182:
173:
166:
161:
156:
142:
133:
130:
122:
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
58:
57:
52:This article
50:
46:
41:
40:
37:
33:
19:
2547:Turco-Mongol
2504:
2100:
1892:Turco-Mongol
1877:Modern clans
1768:. Retrieved
1752:(in Russian)
1745:
1738:
1728:(in Russian)
1718:(in Russian)
1710:
1706:
1698:
1684:
1668:
1663:
1653:
1644:
1636:
1623:
1618:pp. 400-401.
1615:
1610:
1601:
1587:
1566:
1558:
1538:
1531:
1516:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1438:
1417:
1413:
1404:
1384:
1377:
1369:
1352:
1340:(in Russian)
1334:
1326:
1313:
1300:
1287:
1277:
1272:
1261:
1250:
1239:
1228:
1217:
1181:
1163:
1157:
1144:Irtysh River
1141:
1120:
1089:
1087:"Keraith").
1079:Bar Hebraeus
1066:
1062:
1060:
1051:Prester John
1048:
1036:Islamization
1008:
996:Christianity
994:, a sect of
989:
984:Doquz Khatun
938:Islamization
935:
916:
897:
866:
858:
846:Genghis Khan
839:
820:
815:
797:
789:
786:Prester John
759:
747:
742:
732:
716:
699:
688:
685:
681:modern clans
665:Turco-Mongol
650:
642:Liao dynasty
631:
610:
601:
593:
591:
586:
582:
572:
568:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
531:
518:Genghis Khan
495:
491:Prester John
487:Nestorianism
446:
442:
440:
348:Succeeded by
347:
342:
329:13th century
315:11th century
285:Toghrul Khan
199:Liao dynasty
177:Coat of arms
154:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
61:Please help
56:verification
53:
36:
2392:Sart Kalmyk
2142:Qara Khitai
1465:|work=
1419:Compendium
1343:translation
1160:Qarai Turks
1124:Lenten fast
1015:Mongke Khan
980:Hulagu Khan
950:Kara Irtysh
927:Mongke Khan
893:Kublai Khan
889:Möngke Khan
848:, attacked
823:Jin dynasty
775:Kara-Khitai
646:north China
567:and Turkic
343:Preceded by
300:Middle Ages
204:Qara Khitai
2562:Categories
2541:See also:
2516:Sogwo Arig
1770:2012-09-20
1713:: 142–163.
1578:0816046719
1205:References
1112:Yohannan V
1102:, and the
1077:historian
1027:Manicheism
954:Uwais Khan
885:Begtütmish
816:khan etseg
757:fortress.
617:Kazakhstan
532:In modern
514:Tuul river
264:Saryk Khan
225:Government
209:Genghisids
119:March 2020
89:newspapers
78:"Keraites"
2469:Dongxiang
2217:Khotogoid
2202:Dariganga
2172:Uriankhai
2147:Qara'unas
2106:Khongirad
1860:Languages
1614:Moffett,
1467:ignored (
1457:cite book
1210:Citations
1166:"black".
1104:Trisagion
1044:Karakorum
1023:shamanism
1019:Karakorum
976:Ilkhanate
923:Batu Khan
914:in 1319.
804:Mongolian
741:, in his
739:Ilkhanate
534:Mongolian
477:) in the
451:Mongolian
215:Religion
2430:Hamnigan
2407:Zakhchin
2295:Üzemchin
2265:Khorchin
2260:Kharchin
2157:Taichiud
2131:Olkhonud
2066:Borjigin
1914:Religion
1825:Timeline
1650:"Karāʾi"
1513:(1972).
1188:See also
1177:and the
1002:and the
912:Taichiud
841:Wáng Hàn
777:state.
677:medieval
673:Mongolic
638:Mongolia
564:хар/khar
548:Keraites
498:Mongolia
493:legend.
475:khanates
443:Keraites
145:Keraites
2496:Monguor
2480:Kangjia
2417:Buryats
2397:Torghut
2382:Myangad
2358:Khoshut
2348:Dzungar
2332:Chantuu
2222:Sartuul
2212:Khalkha
2207:Eljigin
2197:Darkhad
2189:Mongols
2111:Manghud
2096:Katagan
2081:Eljigin
2076:Dughlat
2005:Didouyu
1980:Tuyuhun
1970:Kumo Xi
1953:Yujiulü
1937:Xianbei
1817:History
1678:Sources
1671:(1913).
1637:Sakhiot
1629:In 1723
1175:Kazakhs
1168:Kipchak
1146:by the
1100:Te Deum
921:led by
910:of the
850:Jamukha
828:Chinese
800:Toghrul
767:Toghrul
763:Naimans
729:Khanate
707:Kerulen
628:Origins
623:History
604:) for "
594:Khereid
556:Kereyit
544:Khereid
510:Kherlen
459:Chinese
426:Kalmyks
422:Buryats
229:Khanate
155:Khereid
103:scholar
32:Karaite
18:Keraite
2501:Khatso
2491:Moghol
2485:Mughal
2474:Hazara
2375:Buzava
2373:incl.
2369:Kalmyk
2363:Khoton
2343:Dörbet
2338:Choros
2322:Baatud
2309:Oirats
2275:Naiman
2270:Jaruud
2250:Chahar
2245:Baarin
2121:Naiman
2116:Merkit
2101:Kerait
2091:Jalair
2086:Gorlos
2071:Chonos
2056:Barlas
2046:Baarin
2014:incl.
2010:Khitan
2000:Shiwei
1975:Murong
1951:incl.
1947:Rouran
1942:Wuhuan
1932:Donghu
1845:Rulers
1840:States
1575:
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1182:Kireis
1179:Kyrgyz
1148:Oirats
1138:Legacy
1084:ܟܹܪܝܼܬ
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978:ruler
940:under
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900:Ghazan
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755:Khitan
751:Uyghur
711:Khitai
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467:Mongol
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2167:Tumed
2162:Tatar
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2136:Ongud
2126:Oirat
2061:Bayad
2051:Barga
1985:Tuoba
1965:Yuwen
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1732:КЕРЕИ
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