233:
Italian researchers who studied
Kervran's theory in controlled conditions observed no transmutation. Contrary to what Kervran argued, oats are not devoid of calcium. If there isn't enough calcium in a chicken's diet, they will mobilize calcium from their bones. In modern times, chicken feed is often
102:
occurs in living organisms, which he called "biological transmutation". He made this claim after experimenting with chickens, which he believed showed that they were generating calcium in their eggshells while there was no calcium in their food or soil. He had no known scientific explanation for it.
580:
to publish supposedly scientific papers on ', apparent chemical or biological transmutation (alchemy), etc.' Despite the impressive jargon and, in some cases, the impressive academic degrees of the authors, these papers have been absolutely unconvincing to mainstream scientific journals and
229:
and concluded that the potassium in the oats must combine with hydrogen to produce the calcium. He considered this a "low-energy transmutation" which became known as the "Kervran effect". There is no scientific basis for such an effect.
256:
Raoul
Lemaire (1884–1972) and Jean Boucher promoted Kervran's discredited theory of biological transmutation, incorporating it into the Lemaire-Boucher organic farming method in the 1960s. They argued that their
261:-based fertilizer known as Calmagol underwent biological transmutation by transitioning calcium into potassium. Kervran took an interest in organic farming and was a contributor to Henri-Charles Geffroy's
203:
Since biological systems do not contain mechanisms to produce the speed, temperature, and pressure necessary for such reactions, even for extremely short periods, this contradicts basic physical laws.
138:
by biological systems, according to which the amount of each chemical element is preserved in all chemical reactions. He claimed that organisms can transmute potassium into calcium by
119:
and are not part of accepted scientific discourse. Kervran's ideas about biological transmutation have no scientific basis and are considered discredited.
238:
has written that "the bottom line is that the
Kervran effect doesn't exist... simply came to the wrong conclusion based on some faulty observations."
756:
221:
Kervran suggested that under the right conditions, potassium could combine with hydrogen to form calcium. He questioned how chickens fed a diet of
245:
prize in
Physics due to his "improbable research" in biological transmutation. The award description called him an "ardent admirer of alchemy."
751:
526:
218:
do not apply to biological reactions, which contradicts the mainstream understanding that physical laws apply for all scales and conditions.
771:
42:
420:, revised and edited by Herbert & Elizabeth Rosenauer, London, Crosby Lockwood 1972 (reprinted by Beekman, New York, in 1998 under
690:
667:
434:
Louis
Kervran and George Ohsawa, George Ohsawa Macrobiotic Foundation, Oroville, California, USA 1971 (reprinted 1975, 1976) 48 pages.
710:
601:
554:
425:
404:
372:
352:
572:(September–October 1998), "Uncritical Publicity for Supposed 'Independent UFO Investigation' Demonstrates Media Gullibility",
776:
628:
Louis
Kervran, "Biological evidence of low energy transmutations", Maloine, 1975 (See "Final Note" by Costa de Beauregard)
206:
Kervran said that prior studies and reports of industrial carbon monoxide accidents supported his work. Kervran said that
766:
761:
781:
135:
544:
128:
581:
organizations, and, far from pointing the way to further research, they have been quite deliberately ignored.
263:
320:
A la découverte des transmutations biologiques : une explication des phénomènes biologiques aberrants
134:
In the 1960s, Kervran claimed to have conducted experiments and studies demonstrating violations of the
99:
399:
C. Louis
Kervran, translation and adaptation by Michel Abehsera, 1989, 1998 (first published in 1972)
746:
741:
574:
211:
127:"Biological transmutation" redirects here. For Lamarck's theory on the evolution of species, see
706:
686:
663:
597:
550:
522:
421:
407:
400:
375:
368:
355:
348:
323:
310:
297:
226:
92:
91:(Brittany), and received a degree as an engineer in 1925. In World War II he was part of the
288:
Transmutations
Biologiques: Métabolismes Aberrants de l'Azote, le Potassium et le Magnésium
569:
253:
139:
41:
735:
268:
267:
magazine. Kervran's biological transmutation also influenced the macrobiotic diet of
258:
214:, by what he called "neutral currents." His response to criticism was to claim that
27:
French scientist known for his controversial theories on "biological transmutations"
235:
215:
463:
638:
444:
294:
Transmutations naturelles non radioactives; une propriete nouvelle de la matiere
87:(3 March 1901 – 2 February 1983) was a French scientist. Kervran was born in
108:
477:
660:
Organic
Resistance: The Struggle Over Industrial Farming in Postwar France
411:
327:
314:
301:
242:
379:
359:
290:(1962) Paris : Librairie Maloine S.A. (2nd ed. 1963, 3rd ed. 1965)
116:
112:
104:
88:
55:
17:
519:
Is that a Fact?: Frauds, Quacks, and the Real
Science of Everyday Life
275:
was first translated by Michel Abehsera, an Ohsawa disciple, in 1972.
703:
Mystical Diets: Paranormal, Spiritual, and Occult Nutrition Practices
207:
724:
Corentin Louis Kervran: "Hors-d'Ĺ“uvre", an autobiographical note in
307:
Transmutations à la faible énergie : synthèse et développements
546:
Modelling in natural sciences: design, validation, and case studies
345:
Preuves en géologie et physique de transmutations à faible énergie
115:. Proponents of biological transmutations fall outside mainstream
234:
supplemented to ensure adequate calcium intake. Science writer
333:
Preuves Relatives Ă l'Existence des Transmutations Biologiques
222:
618:. Paris: Librairie Maloine S.A. pp. 36–40 (see Fig. 10).
103:
Such transmutations are not possible according to known
726:
Preuves en Biologie de Transmutations a Faible Energie
594:
Preuves en Biologie de Transmutations à Faible Énergie
365:
Preuves en biologie de transmutations Ă faible Ă©nergie
662:. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 128-130.
210:can facilitate biological transmutations using the
74:
62:
48:
32:
549:(illustrated ed.), Springer, pp. 24–29,
677:
675:
478:"C. Louis Kervran and Biological Transmutations"
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
497:
482:C. Louis Kervran and Biological Transmutations
654:
652:
650:
386:Transmutations Biologique et Physique Moderne
8:
432:Biological Transmutation. Natural Alchemy.
388:(1982) Paris : Librairie Maloine S.A.
341:(1970) Paris : Librairie Maloine S.A.
335:(1968) Paris : Librairie Maloine S.A.
40:
29:
322:(1966) Paris : Le Courrier du livre
685:. Baltic University Press. pp. 260-261.
538:
536:
534:
455:
339:Transmutations biologiques en agronomie
296:Paris : Librairie Maloine, (1963)
241:In 1993, Kervran was awarded a parodic
543:Tibor MĂĽller, Harmund MĂĽller (2003),
414:(extract of three of Kervran's books)
142:in the course of making an eggshell:
7:
225:could produce eggshells composed of
643:, Improbable Research, August 2006
25:
757:20th-century French male writers
681:Jakobsson, Christine. (2012).
1:
752:20th-century French engineers
640:Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize
578:, vol. 22, no. 5,
367:(1975) Paris, Maloine, S.A.
347:(1973) Paris : Maloine
309:(1964) Paris : Maloine
772:Pseudoscientific physicists
705:. Prometheus Books. p. 27.
136:law of conservation of mass
798:
614:Kervran, C. Louis (1962).
126:
728:Paris: Maloine S.A., 1975
616:Transmutations Biologique
418:Biological transmutations
397:Biological Transmutations
273:Biological Transmutations
39:
521:. ECW Press. pp. 40-43.
129:Transmutation of species
123:Biological transmutation
683:Sustainable Agriculture
596:, Paris 1975, Maloine,
517:Schwarcz, Joe. (2014).
658:Bivar, Venus. (2018).
392:English translations:
382:, (2nd edition, 1995).
98:Kervran proposed that
85:Corentin Louis Kervran
34:Corentin Louis Kervran
777:Writers from Brittany
100:nuclear transmutation
701:Raso, Jack. (1993).
464:"Les transmutations"
767:People from Quimper
762:French male writers
782:Ig Nobel laureates
575:Skeptical Inquirer
212:weak nuclear force
89:Quimper, Finistère
69:Quimper, Finistère
56:Quimper, Finistère
592:Louis C. Kervran
527:978-1-77041-190-6
227:calcium carbonate
93:French Resistance
82:
81:
16:(Redirected from
789:
713:
699:
693:
679:
670:
656:
645:
644:
635:
629:
626:
620:
619:
611:
605:
590:
584:
583:
566:
560:
559:
540:
529:
515:
492:
491:
489:
488:
474:
468:
467:
460:
200:
199:
198:
191:
190:
181:
180:
179:
172:
171:
162:
161:
160:
153:
152:
78:Engineer, writer
44:
30:
21:
797:
796:
792:
791:
790:
788:
787:
786:
732:
731:
721:
719:Further reading
716:
700:
696:
680:
673:
657:
648:
637:
636:
632:
627:
623:
613:
612:
608:
591:
587:
570:Robert Sheaffer
568:
567:
563:
557:
542:
541:
532:
516:
495:
486:
484:
476:
475:
471:
462:
461:
457:
453:
441:
281:
254:Organic farmers
251:
249:Organic farming
197:
195:
194:
193:
189:
186:
185:
184:
183:
178:
176:
175:
174:
170:
167:
166:
165:
164:
159:
157:
156:
155:
151:
148:
147:
146:
145:
132:
125:
70:
67:
66:2 February 1983
58:
53:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
795:
793:
785:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
734:
733:
730:
729:
720:
717:
715:
714:
694:
691:978-9186189105
671:
668:978-1469641195
646:
630:
621:
606:
585:
561:
555:
530:
493:
469:
454:
452:
449:
448:
447:
440:
437:
436:
435:
429:
415:
390:
389:
383:
362:
342:
336:
330:
317:
304:
291:
280:
277:
250:
247:
196:
187:
177:
168:
158:
149:
140:nuclear fusion
124:
121:
80:
79:
76:
72:
71:
68:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
46:
45:
37:
36:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
794:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
737:
727:
723:
722:
718:
712:
711:0-87975-761-2
708:
704:
698:
695:
692:
688:
684:
678:
676:
672:
669:
665:
661:
655:
653:
651:
647:
642:
641:
634:
631:
625:
622:
617:
610:
607:
603:
602:2-224-00178-9
599:
595:
589:
586:
582:
577:
576:
571:
565:
562:
558:
556:3-540-00153-0
552:
548:
547:
539:
537:
535:
531:
528:
524:
520:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
494:
483:
479:
473:
470:
465:
459:
456:
450:
446:
443:
442:
438:
433:
430:
427:
426:0-8464-0195-9
423:
419:
416:
413:
409:
406:
405:0-916508-47-1
402:
398:
395:
394:
393:
387:
384:
381:
377:
374:
373:2-224-00178-9
370:
366:
363:
361:
357:
354:
353:2-224-00053-7
350:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
329:
325:
321:
318:
316:
312:
308:
305:
303:
299:
295:
292:
289:
286:
285:
284:
278:
276:
274:
270:
269:George Ohsawa
266:
265:
264:La Vie Claire
260:
259:Lithothamnion
255:
248:
246:
244:
239:
237:
231:
228:
224:
219:
217:
216:physical laws
213:
209:
204:
201:
143:
141:
137:
130:
122:
120:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
96:
94:
90:
86:
77:
75:Occupation(s)
73:
65:
61:
57:
51:
47:
43:
38:
31:
19:
725:
702:
697:
682:
659:
639:
633:
624:
615:
609:
593:
588:
579:
573:
564:
545:
518:
485:. Retrieved
481:
472:
458:
431:
417:
396:
391:
385:
364:
344:
338:
332:
319:
306:
293:
287:
282:
272:
262:
252:
240:
236:Joe Schwarcz
232:
220:
205:
202:
144:
133:
97:
84:
83:
52:3 March 1901
747:1983 deaths
742:1901 births
445:Cold fusion
283:In French:
271:. His book
736:Categories
487:2019-08-01
451:References
412:301517796
109:chemistry
439:See also
328:30562980
315:35460556
302:21388057
243:Ig Nobel
380:1603879
208:enzymes
117:physics
113:biology
105:physics
18:Kervran
709:
689:
666:
600:
553:
525:
424:
410:
403:
378:
371:
360:914685
358:
351:
326:
313:
300:
111:, and
279:Books
707:ISBN
687:ISBN
664:ISBN
598:ISBN
551:ISBN
523:ISBN
422:ISBN
408:OCLC
401:ISBN
376:OCLC
369:ISBN
356:OCLC
349:ISBN
324:OCLC
311:OCLC
298:OCLC
223:oats
63:Died
49:Born
738::
674:^
649:^
533:^
496:^
480:.
192:Ca
188:20
182:→
163:+
150:19
107:,
95:.
604:.
490:.
466:.
428:)
173:H
169:1
154:K
131:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
