62:, local tributary rulers with a large degree of political autonomy under the emperor. This autonomous state of affairs resulted in a flourishing slave trade between Ethiopia and Sudan, where slaves were captured and trafficked to supply the markets of both the Ethiopian highlands as well as Eastern Sudan, a trade in which Khojali al-Hassan became the most prominent slave merchant. He operated a parallel supplying slaves both to
81:, a flourishing slave trade was discovered between Sudan and Ethiopia: slave raids were conducted from Ethiopia to the Funj and White Nile provinces in South Sudan, capturing Berta, Gumuz and Burun non-Muslims, who were bought from Ethiopian slave traders by Arab Sudanese Muslims in Sudan or across the border in the independent Empire of Ethiopia, and Khojali al-Hassan played a major role in this slave trade.
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adolescent girls and boys or children – by kidnapping, debt servitude or as tribute from his feudal subjects, and would send them across the border to his wife, who sold them to buyers in Sudan. In 1927, the slave trader
Khojali al-Hassan, "Watawit" shaykh of Bela Shangul in Wallagi, was reported to have trafficked 13,000 slaves from Ethiopia to the Sudan via his wife Sitt Amna.
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later claimed in his autobiography that the child slaves were in fact freed slaves, which were provided with manumission certificates and enrolled in military schools and given an education, but it was reported that
Khojali regularly sent slaves to the emperor as tributes, and that the emperor did
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His principal wife, Sitt Amna, had been acknowledged by the
British as the head of an administrative unit in Sudan in 1905, where she had settled with her retinue. From her base in Sudan, she acted as the Sudanese agent of her husband's slave trade. Khojali al-Hassan collected slaves – normally
70:, sending slaves to be sold in Sudan via the branches of his trade operated by his wife and children in Sudan, and sent consignment of slaves regularly to Addis Ababa in Ethiopia.
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contained an order for 600 slaves between seven and thirteen age to be delivered to the empress. The sale of 600 slaves to the empress reportedly took place in 1927; emperor
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of Bela
Shangul in Wallagi in the first half of the 20th century. Initially a traditional local ruler in Sudan, he became an autonomous tributary ruler under the
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after 1903. He became internationally known as a major player in the slave trade between
Ethiopia and Sudan, a trade that attracted attention from the
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of
Ethiopia annexed territories lyging between the 2nd and 14th-latitudes north and west of the White Nile in 1891, and took control after the
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in 1896, four sheikhdoms were annexed, and three of four pledged loyalty to the
Ethiopian invaders, among them being Khojali al-Hassan.
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Khojali al-Hassan was assigned also by the
Imperial family in Ethiopia as a slave trader, and a letter from
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In 1903, the traditional rulers of Bela
Shangul, Assosa and Komosha were all taken to Ethiopian capital of
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Slavery in the
Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem
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Slavery in the Twentieth Century: The Evolution of a Global Problem
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not free them and made no effort to return them to their parents.
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127:Ethiopia: The Last Two Frontiers
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75:Temporary Slavery Commission
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223:20th-century slave traders
181:Miers, Suzanne (2003).
153:Miers, Suzanne (2003).
125:Markakis, John (2011).
233:African slave traders
253:Slavery in Ethiopia
218:20th-century deaths
213:19th-century births
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238:Arab slave traders
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60:balabbat
243:Sheikhs
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25:Shaykh
187:ISBN
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39:Life
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