146:. He first settled in the area over the winter of 1848-1849 in a walled-in cave overhang at the confluence of the main channel and the South Fork of the Kinnickinnic River. Foster wrote about the two Native American tribes inhabiting the region—the Sioux and the Chippewa. He noted that both placed such value on the St. Croix River Valley that neither claimed it for themselves. Two brothers, Nathaniel N. and Oliver Stanley Powell, also claimed land in the vicinity in 1849. They built the first commercial structure in the City of River Falls in 1852 along the banks of the Kinnickinnic River. Foster built a sawmill and dam in 1854 which was later expanded to include a feed store and was located on the south bank of the Kinnickinnic River. Later that year, the firm of Crossman & Hart constructed a brickyard on the southern edge of the growing community along the Kinnickinnic. Four flour mills with dams in the Kinnickinnic River were established in the City of River Falls. The first was built in 1855 by C.B. Cox, who later built another mill known as the Prairie Mill, located on the west side of North Main Street.
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174:, enough that that section of the St. Croix is known as the "Kinnickinnic Narrows." The water is slightly colder above the City of River Falls than below by about 4.5 degrees Fahrenheit. The difference in water temperature is possibly due to the two hydroelectric dams remaining in the river and their impoundments, both of which are silted in to very shallow depths, allowing the river water to stagnate and warm prior to continuing downstream. Both impoundments also experience extreme eutrophication during the warm summer months leading to significant algae blooms.
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base of the dam, with the water being diverted through the 200' long penstock of the hydroelectric project and coming out of the power house on the left rather than cascading over the falls. The boulder that historically sat on top of the ledge, known as "Eagle Rock" has been dislodged by flood waters and now sits below the ledge on the right side of the picture.
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the Powell Falls Dam, however, the stretch of the Kinni through the City of River Falls is not included in this designation where the river is impounded into two reservoirs which do not support a fishery. This ORW designation indicates the Kinni provides outstanding recreational opportunities, supports valuable fisheries and wildlife habitat, has good
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below the lower dam in River Falls is a major attraction. The City is also a Bird City and attracts a number of birders along the river. Kayaking along the lower stretches of the river has become popular, with three businesses shuttling kayakers to the launch point below the lower dam and picking them up at the takeout at the County F bridge near
101:, and is not significantly impacted by human activities. This designation indicates that the State of Wisconsin has determined the Kinnickinnic River warrants additional protection from the effects of pollution. These designations are intended to meet federal Clean Water Act obligations requiring Wisconsin to adopt an “
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Access is limited on the stretch of the
Kinnickinnic River below the City of River Falls. Public access on the lower river is mainly gained at three spots immediately downstream from the Glen Park dam within the River Hills neighborhood, and downstream from the County Highway F bridge at Kinnickinnic
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The River Falls
Municipal Utility owns and operates the Powell and Junction Falls dams as a hydroelectric project licensed by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission under docket #P-10489. In February 2018, the River Falls city council unanimously approved a plan to decommission and remove the dams.
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stream by the WI DNR, indicating it is a "high quality" trout water that has sufficient natural reproduction to sustain populations of wild trout, at or near carrying capacity. The
Kinnickinnic is also designated as an Outstanding Resource Water (ORW) by the WI DNR both above State HWY 35, and below
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The Upper "Junction Falls" Dam on the
Kinnickinnic River in River Falls, Wisconsin as it appears today. The Historic Junction Falls are obscured by its presence, sitting below the flat waters of the impoundment above the dam. The lowest ledge of the Junction Falls now sits as the dry ledge below the
170:. The Kinnickinnic is composed of two types of river. Above River Falls, the river flows slowly, with a sandy/silty bottom and a narrower bed. Below River Falls, the bed is wider and is generally composed of stone rather than sand or silt. A substantial amount of silt and sand are deposited in the
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The Kinni watershed is characterized by scenic bluff lands, rare oak savanna, original prairie, farm land, white pine forest, wooded coulees, sedge meadows, rare and endangered plant species, beautiful stands of white pines and plenty of open space and scenic vistas. Its feeder creeks are cold and
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The main recreational opportunity on the upper portions of the
Kinnickinnic River is trout fishing. Nearer to River Falls downtown, walking, hiking, running, mountain biking along the trails beginning in Heritage Park and continuing across the swinging bridge and connecting to extensive trails
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prior to the construction of any dam in the
Kinnickinnic River. This photograph was originally taken by John Carbutt between 1864 - 1865 and published as a stereoview in a set of scenery pictures of "The Upper Mississippi, Minnesota and the
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The differences in the stream make for differences in the fish population. The upper section of the river contains very high numbers of trout that are of smaller size. The warmer water below River Falls supports more
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life, which can support larger trout, though in fewer numbers. The extreme case of this is near the delta, where the water becomes even warmer, and the river supports warmer-water species such as
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The plan as passed has a target date of 2026 for removal of the Powell Dam, and a target date range of 2035 to 2040 for removal of the
Junction Falls Dam.
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105:” policy that is designed to prevent any lowering of water quality – especially in those waters having significant ecological or cultural value.
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220:. Local s also launch kayaks north of the City at several points and take out in Heritage Park just before the upper dam.
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374:"Annual Report: Quantitative Assessment of Zebra Mussels at Native Mussels Beds in the Lower St. Croix River - 2005"
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Pioneer
Photographers from the Mississippi to the Continental Divide: A Biographical Dictionary, 1839-1865
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U.S. Geological Survey. National
Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data.
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The first settler of
European descent along the Kinnickinnic River was Judge
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National Park Service, St. Croix National Scenic Riverway (March 2006).
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showing the effect of the upper dam with the stagnant flow of the river.
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329:"Beauty of the Kinnickinnic beckoned Foster to found settlement here"
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459:"River Falls city council votes to remove Kinnickinnic River dams"
294:"Outstanding and Exceptional Resource Waters | Wisconsin DNR"
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and flows in a southwesterly direction before emptying into the
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for short, is a 22-mile-long (35 km) river in northwestern
408:"Kinnickinnic River - Kiap-TU-Wish Chapter of Trout Unlimited"
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The Kinnickinnic River is officially designated as a Class I
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The historic Junction Falls of the Kinnickinnic River in
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Tributaries of the St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)
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For the Kinnickinnick River in eastern Wisconsin, see
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The Kinnickinnic River as it passes through downtown
277:"Trout stream classifications | Wisconsin DNR"
224:State Park two miles above the mouth of the river.
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245:. Stanford University Press. pp. 146–147.
353:Kiap-TU-Wish Chapter Trout Unlimited (2002).
134:mixed with other plant material for smoking.
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433:"FERC Order Issuing License Docket #P-10489"
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439:. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
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533:Rivers of St. Croix County, Wisconsin
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29:Kinnickinnic River (Milwaukee River)
18:Kinnickinnic River (St. Croix River)
528:Rivers of Pierce County, Wisconsin
154:The Kinnickinnic River rises from
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335:. March 31, 2010. Archived from
355:"A Short History of the Kinni"
194:clean, containing wild native
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457:Stark, Gretta (2018-02-28).
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266:, accessed October 5, 2012
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307:Milwaukee Public Museum.
241:Palmquist, Peter (2005).
379:. National Park Service.
437:The City of River Falls
218:Kinnickinnic State Park
168:Kinnickinnic State Park
538:River Falls, Wisconsin
464:St. Paul Pioneer Press
115:River Falls, Wisconsin
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40:River Falls, Wisconsin
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523:Rivers of Wisconsin
499:44.8311°N 92.7691°W
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333:River Falls Journal
123:is a word from the
309:"Wild Plant Foods"
262:2012-03-29 at the
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196:brook trout
144:Joel Foster
62:River Falls
517:Categories
490:92°46′09″W
487:44°49′52″N
470:2019-12-07
443:2016-01-20
418:2013-10-17
391:"ELibrary"
314:2008-04-13
228:References
211:Recreation
184:crustacean
128:giniginige
43:Vicinity".
150:Geography
78:Wisconsin
260:Archived
156:springs
138:History
132:tobacco
80:in the
180:minnow
125:Ojibwe
377:(PDF)
172:delta
94:trout
74:Kinni
202:Dams
182:and
109:Name
68:The
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