1180:
3498:
42:
276:
2772:, the King of the Congo: "Now, I say, like you said that there was no capture of slaves in your Kingdom, I just want to provide you with flour and wine for your Eucharistic rites, and for that it would only be needed a caravel each year; if it seems right to you, in exchange for 10,000 slaves and 10,000 armlets and 10,000 ivory tooth, that, it is said, in the Congo there is not much, not even a ship per year; so, this and more shall be as you want."
804:
1036:
accepting any denunciation as evidence, denying prisoners the right to choose their defenders, and allowing no appeal outside the
Inquisition. Punishments ranged from fines and imprisonment to property confiscation and banishment, with executions for heresy carried out by Crown justice. Between 1543 and 1684, at least 1,379 people were burned at the stake, and a minimum of 19,247 were condemned, with many dying in prison without trial.
402:
1045:
936:. However, rivalry between the orthodox views of the "Parisians" group headed by Diogo de Gouveia and the more secular views of the "Bordeaux" school headed by his nephew André de Gouveia led to accusations of heterodoxy and Protestant sympathies, resulting in all foreign professors leaving by 1551. The Society of Jesus took over administration of the college in 1555.
1388:
581:
976:
1450:(1557–1578). Since Brazil lacked a large native population and the ones who lived there weren't adapted to the strenuous work required in the plantation fields, the Portuguese colonists began importing African slaves to strengthen the workforce present in the territory. The first slaves, from the region of
1035:
The
Inquisition in Portugal gradually became a remarkably powerful entity with its own extensive bureaucracy. There were inquisitorial courts in Lisbon, Coimbra, Évora and Goa that each featured a central office and employed dozens of officials. The Inquisition's procedures were severe and irregular,
1370:
winds in the Indian Ocean. In winter the prevailing northeasterly monsoon impeded travel to India; in summer the southwest monsoon made departure from India difficult. As a result, Portugal decided that it needed permanent bases in India in addition to its ports in Africa, to pass the time while the
1264:
state. Portugal thus militarily occupied some key cities on the Indian coast and Goa became the headquarters of the
Portuguese Empire in the East as of 1512. Goa became a starting point for the introduction of European cultural and religious values in India, and churches, schools and hospitals were
1217:
was offered to
Portugal by China. From India, John III imported an amazing variety of spices, herbs, minerals, and fabrics; from Malacca, exotic woods and spice; from Bengala, fabrics and exotic foodstuffs; from Alexandria and Cairo, exotic woods, metals, minerals, fabrics, and boullion; and from
611:
interests grew increasingly chaotic under the poor administration of ambitious governors. John III responded with new appointments that proved troubled and short-lived: in some cases, the new governors even had to fight their predecessors to take up their appointments. The resulting failures in
612:
administration brought on a gradual decline of the
Portuguese trade monopoly. In consideration of the challenging military situation faced by Portuguese forces worldwide, on 7 August 1549 John III declared every male subject between 20 and 65 years old recruitable for military service.
500:, but instead she married his widowed father Manuel. John took deep offence at this: his chroniclers say he became melancholic and was never quite the same. Some historians also argue this was one of the main reasons that John later became fervently religious, giving him the name of
967:. He had been enthusiastically endorsed by Diogo de Gouveia, his teacher at the Collège Sainte-Barbe, and advised the king to draw the youngsters of the newly formed Society of Jesus. The Jesuits were particularly important for mediating Portuguese relations with native peoples.
1445:
In the final years of John's reign
Portugal's colony of Brazil was just beginning its rapid development as a producer of sugar that compensated for the gradual decline of revenues from Asia, a development that would continue during the reign of his grandson and successor,
520:
On 19 December 1521 John was crowned king in the Church of São
Domingos in Lisbon, beginning a thirty-six-year reign characterized by extensive activity in internal and overseas politics, especially in relations with other major European states. John III continued the
655:, an initial settlement of French colonists in Brazil created yet another "front". The French made alliances with native South Americans against the Portuguese and military and political interventions were used. Eventually they were forced out, but not until 1565.
2303:
John III (referred to as João III) leads the
Portuguese civilization in the 2016 4X video game Civilization VI, being released in the Portugal Pack on 25 March 2021, as part of the "New Frontier Pass" DLC. His ability and civilization focuses on maritime trade.
794:
was offered to the
Portuguese, and soon Portugal controlled major trade routes in the area. In South Asia, the Portuguese continued its hostile stance against their Muslim rivals and insurgent Indian leaders.
1218:
China, musk, rhubarb and silk in exchange for gromwells, pearls, horses from Arabia and Persia, non-worked silk, silk embroidery threads, fruits of the date palm, raisins, salt, sulphur and many other goods.
741:– and there were others. However, the intermarriage of these closely related royal families may have been one of the factors that contributed to the poor health of John's children and of future King
1426:, Indian slaves and exotic birds from there. Brazilian wood was a very appreciated product in Europe because it could be used to produce a type of red dye. During John III's rule, after the initial
1343:
In 1553, Leonel de Sousa obtained authorization for the
Portuguese to establish themselves in Canton and Macau. Macau was later offered to John III as a reward for Portuguese assistance against
1758:
Dom João, por graça de Deus, Rei de Portugal, e dos Algarves, d'aquém e d'além mar em África, Senhor da Guiné, e da Conquista, Navegação, & Comércio da Etiópia, Arábia, Pérsia, & Índia
1118:
John III refused to abandon all of the Portuguese North African strongholds, but he had to make choices based on the economic or strategic value of each possession. John III decided to leave
670:, and especially in India, where attacks became more frequent. The expense of defending Indian interests was huge. To pay for it, John III abandoned a number of strongholds in North Africa:
4107:
209:
1340:
to Spain and secured their presence in the islands, which was not actually necessary, since Portugal was actually entitled to the islands according to the Treaty of Tordesillas.
916:, to head the college and organize faculty. André de Gouveia assembled a group of Scottish, French, and Portuguese scholars who had been educated in France. Those included
481:
António de Castilho said that, "Dom João III faced problems easily, complementing his lack of culture with a practice formation that he always showed during his reign" (
1179:
4655:
1276:, who called it "Cipango". Whether Portuguese nationals were the first Europeans to arrive in Japan is debated. Some say the first Portuguese arrival was the writer
1229:(or Governor-General with extensive powers) was nominated, but it was not enough to defend the Portuguese possessions in India. The Portuguese started by creating
3414:
3362:
3148:
3731:
3497:
4122:
4086:
763:. This relationship with the Catholic Church made it possible for John to name whomever he desired to important religious positions in Portugal: his brothers
4102:
199:
1291:. Because the Portuguese established themselves in Macau, Chinese commercial relations and the silver trade with Japan were improved under John III's rule.
3269:
3015:
2915:
1593:
1087:. Under John III, several expeditions started in coastal Africa and advanced to the interior of the continent. These expeditions were formed by groups of
4365:
4014:
1158:
4401:
1415:(São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos) in 1549. For his role in the colonization of South America, John III has been referred to as The Colonizer (
1146:
were strengthened "to face the new military techniques, imposed by the generalization of heavy artillery, combined with light fire weapons and blades".
1225:
in India, and because it was so far away from mainland Portugal, it was extremely difficult for John III to secure Portuguese dominion in this area. A
4650:
3770:
4514:
4180:
790:
during John III's reign. Meanwhile, in the opposite side of the world, Portugal was the first European nation to make contact with Japan. In China
701:
with Emperor Charles V on 22 April 1529. It defined the areas of Spanish and Portuguese influence in Asia and established the anti-meridian to the
1516:
1467:
1427:
718:
561:
343:
160:
3858:
2216:
1009:. Following ten years of negotiations with Rome, a Portuguese Inquisition received papal dispensation in 1536. The first Grand Inquisitor was
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4186:
4156:
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4050:
3114:
2885:
3157:
1854:
632:
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2313:
1541:
734:
204:
4117:
3988:
3879:
3407:
2122:
1640:
1463:
422:
254:
219:
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4055:
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3384:
3230:
3198:
2978:
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2443:
1525:
568:. John III had nine children from that marriage, but most of them died at young age. By the time of John's death, only his grandson
4261:
4066:
3009:
1032:. Because Protestants and Jews did not have a significant presence in Portugal, the Inquisition instead targeted New Christians.
662:
continued, and the Portuguese reached China and Japan; however these accomplishments were offset by pressure from a strengthening
4442:
3916:
694:
647:
in both the Indian Ocean and North Africa, causing Portugal to increase spending on defense and fortifications. Meanwhile in the
385:
territories in North Africa in favor of the trade with India and investments in Brazil. In Europe he improved relations with the
748:
John III remained neutral during the war between France and Spain, but stood firm in fighting the attacks of French privateers.
328:
41:
4645:
4394:
4382:
4251:
713:
The reign of John III was marked by active diplomacy. With Spain, he made alliances through marriage that ensured peace in the
275:
1395:
During the reign of King John III the Portuguese Empire established itself in South America with the foundation of the twelve
4256:
1491:
4660:
4465:
4430:
4297:
4215:
3400:
2861:
2038:
1471:
1404:
730:
549:
522:
3070:
4630:
4625:
4496:
4449:
4436:
3998:
3983:
3811:
3717:
3431:
3294:
1396:
4138:
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3423:
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3330:
2479:
1916:
1724:
The official style was the same used by his father Manuel I: "Dom João, by the grace of God, King of Portugal, of the
768:
316:
264:
59:
2566:
2520:
4287:
3947:
3037:
1609:
1557:
1355:, was vital to Portuguese interests in the Far East. After an unsuccessful expedition in 1509, Malacca was finally
463:
214:
1099:. Missions in Africa were established by the College of Arts of Coimbra. The objective was to increase the king's
541:. During the early part of his reign, he also tried to restructure administrative and judicial life in his realm.
4329:
4241:
4143:
3957:
2459:
2276:
1942:
1356:
921:
1407:, and the twelve captaincy colonies became subordinate to it. The first Governor-General appointed by John III,
485:). In 1514 he was given his own house, and a few years later began to help his father in administrative duties.
3978:
3937:
3921:
3806:
3667:
3520:
3211:
Portugal: diccionario historico, chorographico, heraldico, biographico, bibliographico, numismatico e artistico
2359:"De Romatinas a Christianitas: o Humanismo à portuguesa e as visões sobre o reinado de Dom João III, O Piedoso"
2296:
1822:
1796:
1162:
667:
1190:
1154:
4527:
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4192:
4081:
3911:
3837:
3555:
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1725:
1479:
1360:
1323:
1010:
882:
764:
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had a global dimension and spanned almost 4 million square kilometres (1.5 million square miles).
320:
3188:
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1474:. The sole son of John III to survive childhood, Prince John, was sick and died at young age (of juvenile
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336:
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925:
811:
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410:
47:
1454:, arrived in Brazil in 1539. Most of them worked in the sugarcane fields or served as house servants.
1283:
Portuguese traders started negotiating with Japan as early as of 1550 and established a base there in
474:(1476) and Professor of Law at Ferrara (1502). He studied Latin, Greek, mathematics, and cosmography.
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1880:
1315:
890:
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726:
545:
445:
418:
324:
244:
88:
3156:
Johnson, Harold (1995). "The Portuguese settlement of Brazil, 1500–1580". In Bethell, Leslie (ed.).
401:
377:
During his reign, the Portuguese became the first Europeans to make contact with Japan (during the
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4334:
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alongside its military and trade outposts, at the height of the reign of King John III of Portugal.
985:
905:
878:
760:
722:
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505:
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308:
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1280:, while others say it was the navigators António Peixoto, António da Mota, and Francisco Zeimoto.
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that Ethiopians carry on their necks as an amulet against lightning, yellow and green beads from
2158:
1974:
1553:
1331:
1322:. The Portuguese delegation sent by John III included names such as António de Azevedo Coutinho,
1295:
1249:
and Tanor – with the initial objective of establishing just a commercial dominion in the region.
1108:
909:
738:
698:
489:
459:
2522:
Asia in the making of Europe: A century of wonder. The literary arts. The scholarly disciplines
1260:
with the intent of expelling the Portuguese made it necessary for the Europeans to establish a
342:
During his rule, Portuguese possessions were extended in Asia and in the New World through the
4355:
3993:
3853:
3766:
3758:
3646:
3596:
3465:
3226:
3194:
3110:
2974:
2968:
2944:
2881:
2875:
2844:
2801:
2526:
2463:
2439:
2380:
2096:
1745:
1733:
1379:
remained in Portuguese hands until 1658, when it was seized by the Dutch after an epic siege.
1376:
1352:
1266:
1131:
1049:
843:
835:
827:
714:
679:
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553:
526:
497:
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371:
183:
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1371:
wind was changing. In addition to Goa, they established themselves in Ceylon (in what is now
2834:
2370:
2271:
1753:
1408:
1299:
1288:
1272:
The Portuguese arrived in Japan in 1543. Japan had been known in Portugal since the time of
964:
886:
831:
786:
Commercial relations were intensified with England, the countries of the Baltic regions and
378:
3179:
The history of Portugal, from the Commencement of the Monarchy to the Reign of Alfonso III
2909:
1749:
1714:
1430:, Portuguese explorers intensified the search for brazilwood and began the cultivation of
1412:
1314:, pilots, etc.) was held to solve the dispute caused by the difficulty of determining the
1016:
The activities of the Inquisition extended from book censorship, repression and trial for
917:
871:
565:
347:
17:
3177:
1213:(1515). During John's rule the Portuguese reached Japan, and at the end of John's reign
3220:
2740:
1760:). This style would only change in the 19th century when Brazil became a Vice-Kingdom.
1366:
In order to follow its trade routes to the Far East, Portugal depended on the seasonal
1303:
1202:
1184:
1061:
In John III's time, trade between the Portuguese and Africans was extremely intense in
989:
960:
855:
690:
663:
648:
644:
367:
135:
2751:" (Basílio Vasconcelos, "Itinerário" de Jerónimo Münzer, 1932), in exchange for gold,
1044:
4609:
3754:
3506:
3286:
3258:
3209:
3004:
2904:
2438:. Vol. II, The Reformation, 1520–1559. Cambridge University Press. p. 632.
2284:
1652:
1403:
captain, the twelve colonies worked independently. In 1549, John III established the
1119:
1072:
1002:
981:
948:
929:
671:
628:
616:
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596:
444:
The young prince was sworn heir to the throne in 1503, the year his youngest sister,
386:
234:
3032:
2839:
2822:
2375:
2358:
1552:
Princess of Portugal (1527–1531). Princess consort of Asturias by marriage to King
1311:
1307:
1234:
1174:
1150:
1104:
1096:
940:
901:
752:
530:
51:
2795:
488:
At the age of sixteen John was chosen to marry his first cousin, the 20-year-old
2736:
2460:"Six essays on Erasmus and a translation of Erasmus' letter to Carondelet, 1523"
1261:
1222:
998:
952:
933:
867:
851:
823:
756:
689:
John III achieved an important political victory in securing the control of the
564:, younger sister of Charles V and his erstwhile fiancée Eleanor, in the town of
430:
355:
1422:
Immediately following the discovery of Brazil in 1500, the Portuguese imported
1375:) through the conquest of several Ceylonese kingdoms in the sixteenth century.
3055:
1737:
1423:
1334:, signed by John III and Charles I of Spain. The Portuguese paid 350,000 gold
1327:
1273:
1246:
1021:
1017:
776:
552:, enabled the Portuguese king to forge a stronger alliance with Spain and the
478:
456:
2848:
2384:
3262:
2769:
2744:
1431:
1372:
1206:
1088:
944:
652:
390:
1287:. By then, trade with Japan was a Portuguese monopoly under the rule of a
932:, who were decisive for the dissemination of the contemporary research of
580:
2864:, História do Descobrimento e Conquista da Índia pelos Portugueses, 1979.
2748:
1741:
1718:
1483:
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1400:
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1257:
1198:
1139:
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956:
913:
787:
675:
659:
608:
538:
534:
3273:. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 444.
1359:, the Portuguese viceroy of India, on 24 August 1511. Malacca was later
939:
Another noteworthy aspect of John III's rule was the support he gave to
858:. Through his links to Portuguese humanists such as Luís Teixeira Lobo,
3709:
3392:
2752:
2724:
1434:, which was well suited to the climate of Brazil and especially around
1387:
1367:
1348:
1226:
1143:
1076:
1006:
975:
859:
697:. After almost a decade of skirmishes in Southeast Asia, he signed the
557:
229:
4589:
title removed in 1920 as their parents' marriage was deemed undynastic
900:
In 1547 John established in Coimbra a College of Arts and Humanities (
651:, where Portuguese ships already had to withstand constant attacks of
350:. John III's policy of reinforcing Portugal's bases in India (such as
1729:
1451:
1435:
1344:
1253:
1242:
1238:
1127:
1123:
1080:
1068:
1029:
1025:
877:
John awarded many scholarships to universities abroad, mainly in the
683:
595:
was difficult and expensive to administer and was burdened with huge
426:
382:
363:
359:
118:
643:
and Henrique de Meneses. Overseas, the Empire was threatened by the
2756:
2728:
2340:
2338:
1439:
1386:
1336:
1214:
1210:
1178:
1157:, a black African, who was eventually admitted to the prestigious
1135:
1112:
1043:
1001:
in Portugal by pressure from neighboring Castile and reports that
974:
802:
791:
780:
604:
579:
400:
2908:
1197:
Before the reign of John III, the Portuguese had already reached
1111:. Relations with local rulers were often complicated by trade in
455:
John was educated by notable scholars of the time, including the
4541:* also an infante of Castile and León, Aragon, Sicily and Naples
3713:
3396:
1651:
Prince of Portugal (1537–1554). Declared heir in 1539. Married
3135:
História da Origem e Estabelecimento da Inquisição em Portugal
2797:
Africa in Europe: Antiquity into the Age of Global Exploration
2732:
2525:(University of Chicago Press, 1994 ed.). pp. 30–31.
351:
1265:
built. Goa remained an overseas possession of Portugal until
889:. He definitively transferred the Portuguese university from
759:
in Portugal and the adhesion of the Portuguese clergy to the
3222:
Reign of the Fortunate King, 1495–1521: Manuel I of Portugal
1330:
and Simão Fernandes. The dispute was settled in 1529 by the
1252:
The hostility of many Indian kingdoms and alliances between
1221:
As Muslims and other peoples constantly attacked Portuguese
1013:, the king's brother (who would later himself become king).
658:
In the first years of John III's reign, explorations in the
429:
on 6 June 1502. The event was marked by the presentation of
339:. John succeeded his father in 1521 at the age of nineteen.
3019:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
3010:"Ferdinand V. of Castile and Leon and II. of Aragon"
2919:. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1028:, as well as the prosecution of sexual crimes, especially
822:
was significant. He patronized various writers, including
3214:(in Portuguese). Vol. III. Lisboa: J. Romano Torres.
2695:
2693:
2691:
2666:
2664:
2639:
2637:
733:, the king of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor. His daughter
3182:. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington.
2823:"Ser mulato em Portugal nos primórdios da época moderna"
2612:
2610:
1486:
in 1557, his only heir was his three-year-old grandson,
947:, Asia and Africa. In 1540, after successive appeals to
1717:), a mark of high esteem for a distinguished Christian
1621:
Prince of Portugal (1537–1539). Declared heir in 1537.
1604:
Prince of Portugal (1531–1537). Declared heir in 1535.
1556:, then Prince of Asturias. She had one deformed child,
4573:
also a prince of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke in Saxony
866:
to John III of Portugal in 1527. French mathematician
615:
Among John III's many colonial governors in Asia were
483:
Elogio d'el rei D. João de Portugal, terceiro, do nome
466:, and Luís Teixeira Lobo, one of the first Portuguese
3763:
Infanta Isabel, Holy Roman Empress and Queen of Spain
323:
from 1521 until his death in 1557. He was the son of
3071:"CIVILIZATION VI - FIRST LOOK: JOÃO III OF PORTUGAL"
2723:"Common products were salt, wheat, horses, carpets,
2300:
in 2001, but his role was cut when it was released.
4549:
also an infante of Spain and an archduke of Austria
4507:
4476:
4411:
4375:
4343:
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4306:
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3028:
3026:
2294:John III was mentioned in the historical Thai film
1187:
asking King John III for the Evangelization of Asia
881:, where fifty Portuguese students were sent to the
393:, hoping that this would bolster Portuguese trade.
270:
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154:
142:
125:
108:
104:
94:
84:
76:
65:
58:
34:
3187:Marques, Antonio Henrique R. de Oliveira (1976).
2999:
2997:
2899:
2897:
2735:for African natives' coins, copper or tin vases,
693:, the "Spice Islands" claimed by Spain since the
529:only three times and at great intervals: 1525 in
4210:Baltasar Carlos, Prince of Portugal and Asturias
2943:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 11.
2480:"Études sur le Portugal au temps de l'humanisme"
2344:
1391:Captaincies of the Governorate General of Brazil
3244:. Vol. II. Lisboa: Iniciativas Editoriais.
3208:Pereira, Esteves; Rodrigues, Guilherme (1904).
3106:A History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire
2962:
2960:
1728:, of either side of the sea in Africa, Lord of
1705:Like his predecessors John III used the style "
1478:), eighteen days before his wife gave birth to
1115:, as shown by John's correspondence with them.
435:Visitation Play or the Monologue of the Cowherd
4056:Miguel da Paz, Prince of Portugal and Asturias
3725:
3408:
2759:and bush redpepper brought by the Portuguese.
928:, Nicolas de Grouchy, Guillaume Guérante and
584:King John III portrayed as the patron of the
189:
8:
808:Portrait of the King D. João III of Portugal
525:politics of his predecessors. He called the
3109:. Vol. I. Cambridge University Press.
2571:(1st, UC Biblioteca Geral 1, 1979 ed.)
2568:The Erasmian influence on D. João de Castro
1560:, and she died a few days after his birth.
951:asking for missionaries for the Portuguese
3732:
3718:
3710:
3415:
3401:
3393:
3277:
3147:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1777:
1768:
1482:on 20 January 1554. When John III died of
717:for a number of years. He himself married
40:
31:
2874:Coutinho, Eduardo F. (22 February 2018).
2838:
2374:
775:and his biological son, Duarte; was made
439:Auto da Visitação ou Monólogo do Vaqueiro
303:; 6 June 1502 – 11 June 1557), nicknamed
3917:Infante João, Duke of Valencia de Campos
2877:Brazilian Literature as World Literature
1496:
997:John III was persuaded to establish the
4656:Portuguese colonization of the Americas
3193:. New York: Columbia University Press.
2932:
2930:
2928:
2926:
2781:
2699:
2682:
2670:
2643:
2628:
2552:
2514:
2512:
2491:
2421:
2409:
2397:
2325:
1468:Joanna of Austria, Princess of Portugal
1399:(from 1534 onwards). Each with its own
370:. On the eve of his death in 1557, the
354:) secured Portugal's monopoly over the
4356:Pedro I of Brazil & IV of Portugal
4144:Diogo, Prince of Portugal and Asturias
3749:The generations indicate descent from
3140:
2711:
2655:
2616:
2482:, pp.73–77 UC Biblioteca Geral 1, 1952
2332:Rendered as Joam in Archaic Portuguese
2138:
2018:
2014:
2004:
1896:
1786:
1782:
1462:From 1539, the heir to the throne was
984:of the Portuguese Inquisition, in the
850:. He also supported the mathematician
4466:Infante Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza
4157:Manuel, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
4051:Afonso, Hereditary Prince of Portugal
3771:Infanta Catarina, Duchess of Braganza
3171:. Vol. III. Círculo de Leitores.
2434:Elton, Geoffrey Rudolph, ed. (1990).
2357:Paes, Maria Paula Dias Couto (2007).
2214:
2204:
2200:
2188:
2182:
2172:
2156:
2146:
2142:
2126:
2120:
2110:
2094:
2084:
2080:
2068:
2062:
2052:
2036:
2026:
2022:
1998:
1988:
1972:
1962:
1958:
1946:
1940:
1930:
1914:
1904:
1900:
1884:
1878:
1868:
1852:
1842:
1838:
1826:
1820:
1810:
1794:
1790:
1347:in the period between 1557 and 1564.
1205:(1512), the Chinese littoral (1513),
560:he married his maternal first cousin
298:
7:
4497:Infante Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
3999:Infante Diogo, Constable of Portugal
3984:Infante Pedro, Constable of Portugal
3698:Debatable or disputed rulers are in
2601:
2589:
2503:
1306:. In 1524, a conference of experts (
1103:, develop peaceful relations and to
3953:Infante João, Constable of Portugal
3812:Infante Fernando, Count of Flanders
2973:. G.P. Putnam's Sons. p. 139.
2937:Liss, Peggy K. (10 November 2015).
2768:Here is a passage from a letter to
2314:Descendants of Manuel I of Portugal
751:He strengthened relations with the
205:Maria Manuela, Princess of Asturias
4351:Francisco António, Prince of Beira
3859:Infante Afonso, Lord of Portalegre
3249:Serrão, Joaquim Veríssimo (1978).
3242:Dicionário da História de Portugal
3159:Cambridge History of Latin America
2458:John C. Olin, Desiderius Erasmus,
874:also dedicated works to the king.
27:King of Portugal from 1521 to 1557
25:
4565:also an imperial prince of Brazil
4123:Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães
4087:Infante Duarte, Duke of Guimarães
3994:Cardinal-Infante Jaime of Coimbra
3126:D. João III O Homem e a Sua Época
2462:, p. 47 Fordham Univ Press, 1979
1772:Ancestors of John III of Portugal
1357:captured by Afonso de Albuquerque
1351:, which controlled the eponymous
452:between 1527 and 1538, was born.
4651:16th-century Portuguese monarchs
4443:Infante Augusto, Duke of Coimbra
4395:Infante Miguel, Duke of Braganza
4072:Infante Fernando, Duke of Guarda
3922:Infante Dinis, Lord of Cifuentes
3496:
3133:Herculano, Alexandre (1879–80).
2940:Isabel the Queen: Life and Times
2800:. Lexington Books. p. 167.
2436:The New Cambridge Modern History
2270:John III of Portugal figures in
1302:claimed the recently discovered
1050:Portugal and its colonial empire
1005:had failed to properly renounce
959:" agreement, John III appointed
695:Magellan-Elcano circumnavigation
572:was alive to inherit the crown.
274:
4252:Infante Francisco, Duke of Beja
4118:João Manuel, Prince of Portugal
3989:Infante João, Prince of Antioch
3979:Infante Fernando, Duke of Viseu
3948:Infante Henrique, Duke of Viseu
3838:Infante Fernando, Lord of Serpa
3253:. Vol. III. Lisboa: Verbo.
3225:. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books.
3128:. Lisboa: Edição Romano Torres.
2840:10.1590/S1413-77042011000100005
2519:Lach, Donald Frederick (1994).
2376:10.1590/S0104-87752007000200015
1490:. John III's body rests in the
1464:João Manuel, Prince of Portugal
464:Diogo de Ortiz, Bishop of Viseu
405:Detail of Prince John from the
220:João Manuel, Prince of Portugal
172:
46:Portrait of John attributed to
4262:Infante Manuel, Count of Ourém
4082:Henrique I (The Cardinal-King)
3943:Infante Pedro, Duke of Coimbra
3880:Infante Afonso, Lord of Leiria
3807:Infante Pedro, Count of Urgell
3094:Braga, Paulo Drummond (2002).
2967:Stephens, Henry Morse (1903).
2727:, Irish and English clothing,
556:. To strengthen his ties with
544:The marriage of John's sister
496:of Austria-Burgundy and Queen
1:
4490:Infante Afonso, Duke of Porto
4450:Infante Miguel, Duke of Viseu
3264:"John III. of Portugal"
3167:Mattoso, José (dir.) (1993).
3162:. Cambridge University Press.
2880:. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
1405:Governorate General of Brazil
417:John, the eldest son of King
331:, the third daughter of King
50:, copy of a 1552 original by
4666:Maritime history of Portugal
4641:Knights of the Golden Fleece
4383:João Carlos, Prince of Beira
4030:Infante Diogo, Duke of Viseu
3753:, and continues through the
3240:Serrão, Joel (dir.) (1971).
2345:Pereira & Rodrigues 1904
1397:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil
1233:– commercial strongholds in
1161:based on his service in the
4025:Infante João, Duke of Viseu
3103:Disney, A. R. (2009).
1917:John, Constable of Portugal
1685:Duarte, Archbishop of Braga
1536:Prince of Portugal (1526).
1520:(married 10 February 1525)
1134:in 1549. The fortresses of
818:John III's support for the
4682:
4431:Infante João, Duke of Beja
4216:Teodósio, Prince of Brazil
4113:Filipe, Prince of Portugal
4108:Manuel, Prince of Portugal
4103:Afonso, Prince of Portugal
4067:Infante Luís, Duke of Beja
3033:Isabella I, Queen of Spain
2862:Fernão Lopes de Castanheda
2821:Dutra, Francis A. (2011).
2132:
2016:
1890:
1784:
1709:" (the king) followed by "
1579:Infanta Beatriz (Beatrice)
1361:taken by the Dutch in 1641
1267:India reclaimed it in 1961
1172:
441:) in the queen's chamber.
421:born from his second wife
215:Philip, Prince of Portugal
210:Manuel, Prince of Portugal
200:Afonso, Prince of Portugal
4581:also a prince of Braganza
4538:
4515:Luís Filipe, Prince Royal
4187:Cardinal-Infante Fernando
3747:
3696:
3494:
3376:
3367:
3354:
3347:
3337:
3328:
3320:
3315:
3280:
3124:Domingues, Mário (1962).
2565:Hooykaas, Reijer (1979).
2202:
2194:
2166:
2144:
2140:
2104:
2082:
2074:
2046:
2024:
2020:
1982:
1960:
1952:
1924:
1902:
1898:
1862:
1840:
1832:
1804:
1788:
1677:
1664:Infante António (Anthony)
1513:
864:Chrysostomi Lucubrationes
492:, the eldest daughter of
448:, Empress Consort of the
296:Portuguese pronunciation:
39:
18:King John III of Portugal
4557:also an infante of Spain
4015:João, Prince of Portugal
3219:Sanceau, Elaine (1970).
3176:McMurdo, Edward (1889).
2794:Goodwin, Stefan (1955).
2297:The Legend of Suriyothai
1823:Ferdinand, Duke of Viseu
1655:. Their son became King
1458:Death and dynastic issue
1163:Conquest of Tunis (1535)
668:Suleiman the Magnificent
591:The large and far-flung
407:Triptych of the Infantes
4528:Afonso, Prince of Beira
4278:Pedro, Prince of Brazil
4077:Cardinal-Infante Afonso
3270:Encyclopædia Britannica
3038:Encyclopædia Britannica
3016:Encyclopædia Britannica
2916:Encyclopædia Britannica
1324:Diogo Lopes de Sequeira
709:International relations
344:Portuguese colonization
4646:Portuguese Inquisition
4458:Infante Francisco José
4330:José, Prince of Brazil
4242:João, Prince of Brazil
2277:The Elephant's Journey
2065:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1542:Princess Maria Manuela
1492:Monastery of Jerónimos
1411:, founded the city of
1392:
1194:
1057:Luso-African relations
1053:
994:
815:
637:Martim Afonso de Sousa
588:
548:to Holy Roman Emperor
414:
333:Ferdinand II of Aragon
292:
3282:John III of Portugal
3051:"Production Painting"
2970:The Story of Portugal
2283:John III features in
2185:Isabella I of Castile
1626:Infante Dinis (Denis)
1390:
1320:Treaty of Tordesillas
1182:
1126:in 1541, followed by
1047:
978:
870:and Spanish academic
806:
743:Sebastian of Portugal
703:Treaty of Tordesillas
586:University of Coimbra
583:
468:Renaissance humanists
404:
337:Isabella I of Castile
4661:Nobility from Lisbon
4366:Infante Pedro Carlos
3741:Infantes of Portugal
3424:Monarchs of Portugal
3292:Cadet branch of the
3251:História de Portugal
3169:História de Portugal
2217:Isabella of Portugal
2001:John III of Portugal
1943:Beatrice of Portugal
1881:Manuel I of Portugal
1797:Edward I of Portugal
1740:, & Commerce of
1517:Catherine of Austria
1419:: "o Colonizador").
1294:After the voyage of
1169:Luso-Asian relations
1159:Order of Saint James
883:Collège Sainte-Barbe
727:Isabella of Portugal
719:Catherine of Austria
562:Catherine of Austria
546:Isabella of Portugal
446:Isabella of Portugal
381:). He abandoned the
245:Manuel I of Portugal
161:Catherine of Austria
4631:Princes of Portugal
4626:Portuguese infantes
3190:History of Portugal
2631:, pp. 206–207.
1278:Fernão Mendes Pinto
1040:Imperial management
908:, principal of the
879:University of Paris
840:Fernão Mendes Pinto
761:Counter-Reformation
755:by introducing the
723:Philip I of Castile
625:Lopo Vaz de Sampaio
494:Philip the Handsome
472:University of Siena
148:Jerónimos Monastery
69:13 December 1521 –
4388:Pedro II of Brazil
3381:Title next held by
3370:Prince of Portugal
3359:Title last held by
3349:Portuguese royalty
2910:"Emanuel I."
2478:Marcel Bataillon,
2266:In popular culture
2159:John II of Castile
1975:Isabel of Barcelos
1713:" (abbreviated to
1641:Prince João Manuel
1554:Philip II of Spain
1393:
1383:Portuguese America
1332:Treaty of Zaragoza
1296:Ferdinand Magellan
1195:
1155:João de Sá Panasco
1109:indigenous peoples
1095:, adventurers and
1054:
995:
963:to take charge as
910:College of Guienne
854:and the physician
816:
739:Philip II of Spain
721:, the daughter of
699:Treaty of Zaragoza
589:
490:Eleanor of Austria
415:
411:Master of Lourinhã
138:, Lisbon, Portugal
4603:
4602:
4402:Infante Sebastião
4298:Infante Alexandre
3767:House of Braganza
3759:House of Habsburg
3707:
3706:
3597:House of Braganza
3568:House of Habsburg
3432:House of Burgundy
3391:
3390:
3338:Succeeded by
3295:House of Burgundy
3116:978-0-521-60397-3
2887:978-1-5013-2327-0
2365:(in Portuguese).
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2039:John II of Aragon
1855:Eleanor of Aragon
1698:
1697:
1377:Portuguese Ceylon
1353:Strait of Malacca
1318:agreed to in the
836:Bernardim Ribeiro
828:Garcia de Resende
715:Iberian Peninsula
621:Pedro Mascarenhas
593:Portuguese Empire
554:Holy Roman Empire
527:Portuguese Cortes
498:Joanna of Castile
450:Holy Roman Empire
372:Portuguese empire
282:
281:
16:(Redirected from
4673:
4597:claimant infante
4594:
4586:
4578:
4570:
4562:
4554:
4546:
4437:Infante Fernando
3958:Infante Fernando
3734:
3727:
3720:
3711:
3666:
3635:
3500:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3394:
3331:King of Portugal
3321:Preceded by
3311:
3304:
3278:
3274:
3266:
3254:
3245:
3236:
3215:
3204:
3183:
3172:
3163:
3152:
3146:
3138:
3129:
3120:
3099:
3098:. Lisbon: Hugin.
3081:
3080:
3076:civilization.com
3067:
3061:
3060:
3047:
3041:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3012:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2934:
2921:
2920:
2912:
2901:
2892:
2891:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2842:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2766:
2760:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2703:
2697:
2686:
2680:
2674:
2668:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2641:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2605:
2599:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2562:
2556:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2516:
2507:
2501:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2476:
2470:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2378:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2333:
2330:
1778:
1769:
1691:11 November 1543
1582:15 February 1530
1530:24 February 1526
1497:
1480:Prince Sebastian
1300:Crown of Castile
986:Terreiro do Paço
965:Apostolic Nuncio
906:André de Gouveia
887:Diogo de Gouveia
470:, rector of the
379:Muromachi period
317:King of Portugal
302:
300:[ʒuˈɐ̃w]
297:
278:
193:
176:
174:
132:
80:19 December 1521
72:
60:King of Portugal
44:
32:
21:
4681:
4680:
4676:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4592:
4584:
4576:
4568:
4560:
4552:
4544:
4534:
4508:24th generation
4503:
4477:23rd generation
4472:
4412:22nd generation
4407:
4376:21st generation
4371:
4344:20th generation
4339:
4323:19th generation
4318:
4307:18th generation
4302:
4271:17th generation
4266:
4257:Infante António
4235:16th generation
4230:
4203:15th generation
4198:
4168:14th generation
4163:
4132:13th generation
4127:
4096:12th generation
4091:
4044:11th generation
4039:
4008:10th generation
4003:
3962:
3926:
3900:
3884:
3863:
3842:
3816:
3790:
3774:
3743:
3738:
3708:
3703:
3692:
3664:
3633:
3591:
3562:
3501:
3492:
3426:
3421:
3382:
3373:
3360:
3343:
3334:
3326:
3305:
3299:
3298:
3290:
3283:
3257:
3248:
3239:
3233:
3218:
3207:
3201:
3186:
3175:
3166:
3155:
3139:
3132:
3123:
3117:
3102:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3069:
3068:
3064:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3031:
3024:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2966:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2936:
2935:
2924:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2888:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2833:(30): 101–114.
2820:
2819:
2815:
2808:
2793:
2792:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2767:
2763:
2722:
2718:
2710:
2706:
2698:
2689:
2681:
2677:
2669:
2662:
2654:
2650:
2642:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2608:
2600:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2574:
2572:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2518:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2498:
2490:
2486:
2477:
2473:
2457:
2453:
2446:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2404:
2396:
2392:
2369:(38): 500–514.
2356:
2355:
2351:
2347:, p. 1043.
2343:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2310:
2268:
2263:
2123:Maria of Aragon
1766:
1732:, & of the
1703:
1679:By Isabel Moniz
1670:20 January 1540
1598:1 November 1531
1546:15 October 1527
1460:
1413:Salvador, Bahia
1385:
1345:maritime piracy
1177:
1171:
1059:
1042:
973:
926:Jerónimo Osório
918:George Buchanan
872:Juan Luis Vives
812:Cristóvão Lopes
801:
711:
633:Estêvão da Gama
578:
518:
460:Tomás de Torres
423:Maria of Aragon
399:
329:Maria of Aragon
295:
255:Maria of Aragon
224:
187:
186:
178:
175: 1525)
170:
166:
163:
150:
134:
130:
115:Alcáçova Palace
113:
70:
54:
48:Cristóvão Lopes
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4679:
4677:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4608:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4532:
4524:
4518:
4511:
4509:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4493:
4487:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4462:
4454:
4446:
4440:
4434:
4428:
4422:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4405:
4399:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4326:
4324:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4316:
4310:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4288:Infante Carlos
4285:
4280:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4193:Infante Alonso
4190:
4184:
4181:Infante Carlos
4178:
4171:
4169:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4093:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4053:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4038:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4009:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3970:
3968:
3967:9th generation
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3934:
3932:
3931:8th generation
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3908:
3906:
3905:7th generation
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3892:
3890:
3889:6th generation
3886:
3885:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3868:5th generation
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3850:
3848:
3847:4th generation
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3821:3rd generation
3818:
3817:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3795:2nd generation
3792:
3791:
3789:
3788:
3782:
3780:
3779:1st generation
3776:
3775:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3729:
3722:
3714:
3705:
3704:
3697:
3694:
3693:
3691:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3602:
3600:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3573:
3571:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3560:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3512:
3510:
3503:
3502:
3495:
3493:
3491:
3490:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3437:
3435:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3412:
3405:
3397:
3389:
3388:
3380:
3375:
3366:
3358:
3352:
3351:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3336:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3316:Regnal titles
3313:
3312:
3291:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3261:, ed. (1911).
3259:Chisholm, Hugh
3255:
3246:
3237:
3231:
3216:
3205:
3199:
3184:
3173:
3164:
3153:
3130:
3121:
3115:
3100:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3062:
3042:
3022:
3007:, ed. (1911).
3005:Chisholm, Hugh
2993:
2979:
2956:
2949:
2922:
2907:, ed. (1911).
2905:Chisholm, Hugh
2893:
2886:
2866:
2854:
2813:
2806:
2786:
2774:
2761:
2741:Canary Islands
2716:
2714:, p. 183.
2704:
2702:, p. 292.
2687:
2685:, p. 289.
2675:
2673:, p. 287.
2660:
2658:, p. 182.
2648:
2646:, p. 288.
2633:
2621:
2619:, p. 181.
2606:
2594:
2582:
2557:
2555:, p. 195.
2545:
2531:
2508:
2496:
2494:, p. 200.
2484:
2471:
2451:
2444:
2426:
2424:, p. 143.
2414:
2402:
2400:, p. 113.
2390:
2363:Varia Historia
2349:
2334:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2306:
2287:'s 2021 novel
2274:'s 2008 novel
2267:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:Juana Enríquez
2093:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1939:
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1799:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1774:
1773:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1649:
1648:2 January 1554
1646:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1633:
1632:1 January 1537
1630:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1565:Infanta Isabel
1562:
1561:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1511:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1470:, daughter of
1466:, who married
1459:
1456:
1384:
1381:
1304:Maluku Islands
1203:Maluku Islands
1185:Francis Xavier
1173:Main article:
1170:
1167:
1132:Alcácer Ceguer
1058:
1055:
1041:
1038:
1011:Cardinal Henry
1003:New Christians
990:Ribeira Palace
972:
969:
961:Francis Xavier
922:Diogo de Teive
904:) and invited
862:dedicated his
856:Garcia de Orta
848:Luís de Camões
844:João de Barros
820:humanist cause
800:
797:
710:
707:
691:Maluku Islands
680:Alcácer Ceguer
664:Ottoman Empire
645:Ottoman Empire
641:João de Castro
601:trade deficits
577:
574:
517:
514:
425:, was born in
398:
395:
368:Maluku Islands
280:
279:
272:
268:
267:
262:
258:
257:
252:
248:
247:
242:
238:
237:
232:
226:
225:
223:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
196:
194:
180:
179:
168:
164:
159:
158:
156:
152:
151:
146:
144:
140:
139:
136:Ribeira Palace
133:(aged 55)
127:
123:
122:
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:
96:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
67:
63:
62:
56:
55:
45:
37:
36:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4678:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4636:House of Aviz
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4598:
4590:
4582:
4574:
4566:
4558:
4550:
4542:
4537:
4530:
4529:
4525:
4522:
4519:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4506:
4499:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4468:
4467:
4463:
4460:
4459:
4455:
4452:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4441:
4438:
4435:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4410:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4374:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4315:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4269:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4179:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4166:
4159:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4148:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3755:House of Aviz
3752:
3746:
3742:
3735:
3730:
3728:
3723:
3721:
3716:
3715:
3712:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3507:House of Aviz
3504:
3499:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3371:
3365:
3364:
3363:Miguel da Paz
3357:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3333:
3332:
3325:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3288:
3287:House of Aviz
3279:
3272:
3271:
3265:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3234:
3232:0-2080096-8-X
3228:
3224:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3200:0-231-08353-X
3196:
3192:
3191:
3185:
3181:
3180:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3161:
3160:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3136:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3101:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3018:
3017:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2994:
2982:
2980:9780722224731
2976:
2972:
2971:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2950:9780812293203
2946:
2942:
2941:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2918:
2917:
2911:
2906:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2889:
2883:
2879:
2878:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2807:9780739129944
2803:
2799:
2798:
2790:
2787:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2771:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2749:brass armlets
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2604:, p. 32.
2603:
2598:
2595:
2592:, p. 31.
2591:
2586:
2583:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2534:
2532:0-226-46733-3
2528:
2524:
2523:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2506:, p. 30.
2505:
2500:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:0-8232-1024-3
2465:
2461:
2455:
2452:
2447:
2445:0-521-34536-7
2441:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2423:
2418:
2415:
2412:, p. 50.
2411:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2353:
2350:
2346:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2326:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2292:
2290:
2289:Civilizations
2286:
2285:Laurent Binet
2281:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2272:José Saramago
2265:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2012:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1798:
1792:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1700:
1694:Natural son.
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1653:Joan of Spain
1650:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1629:26 April 1535
1628:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1618:29 April 1539
1617:
1615:25 March 1533
1614:
1611:
1610:Prince Filipe
1608:
1607:
1603:
1601:14 April 1537
1600:
1597:
1595:
1594:Prince Manuel
1592:
1591:
1587:
1585:16 March 1530
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1568:28 April 1529
1567:
1564:
1563:
1559:
1558:Prince Carlos
1555:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1533:12 April 1526
1532:
1529:
1527:
1526:Prince Afonso
1524:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1457:
1455:
1453:
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949:Pope Paul III
946:
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832:Sá de Miranda
829:
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766:
762:
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749:
746:
744:
740:
737:married King
736:
735:Maria Manuela
732:
728:
725:. His sister
724:
720:
716:
708:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
687:
685:
681:
677:
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669:
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638:
634:
630:
629:Nuno da Cunha
626:
622:
618:
617:Vasco da Gama
613:
610:
606:
603:. Portugal's
602:
598:
597:external debt
594:
587:
582:
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573:
571:
567:
563:
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547:
542:
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516:Initial reign
515:
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396:
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388:
387:Baltic region
384:
380:
375:
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369:
365:
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353:
349:
345:
340:
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334:
330:
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325:King Manuel I
322:
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30:
19:
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4526:
4495:
4464:
4456:
4448:
4393:
4313:
4155:
4061:
3699:
3668:Ferdinand II
3556:
3540:
3486:
3383:
3377:
3368:
3361:
3355:
3329:
3310:11 June 1557
3307:
3300:
3293:
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3134:
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3105:
3095:
3074:
3065:
3054:
3045:
3036:
3014:
2986:17 September
2984:. Retrieved
2969:
2939:
2914:
2876:
2869:
2857:
2830:
2826:
2816:
2796:
2789:
2782:Mattoso 1993
2777:
2764:
2719:
2707:
2700:Marques 1976
2683:Marques 1976
2678:
2671:Marques 1976
2651:
2644:Marques 1976
2629:Marques 1976
2624:
2597:
2585:
2573:. Retrieved
2567:
2560:
2553:Marques 1976
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2521:
2499:
2492:Marques 1976
2487:
2474:
2454:
2435:
2429:
2422:Sanceau 1970
2417:
2410:Sanceau 1970
2405:
2398:McMurdo 1889
2393:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2328:
2302:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2282:
2275:
2269:
2000:
1757:
1723:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1678:
1667:9 March 1539
1549:12 July 1545
1514:
1461:
1444:
1428:colonization
1421:
1394:
1365:
1342:
1335:
1293:
1282:
1271:
1251:
1230:
1220:
1201:(1511), the
1196:
1183:
1175:Nanban trade
1151:court jester
1148:
1117:
1105:Christianize
1097:missionaries
1062:
1060:
1034:
1015:
996:
988:in front of
979:
941:missionaries
938:
902:Liberal arts
899:
876:
863:
817:
807:
785:
753:Papal States
750:
747:
712:
688:
657:
614:
590:
543:
537:and 1544 in
531:Torres Novas
519:
509:
501:
487:
482:
476:
454:
443:
438:
434:
416:
406:
376:
341:
312:
304:
284:
283:
188:
131:(1557-06-11)
129:11 June 1557
71:11 June 1557
52:Anthonis Mor
29:
4621:1557 deaths
4616:1502 births
4139:Sebastião I
3599:(1640–1910)
3570:(1581–1640)
3546:Sebastian I
3509:(1385–1580)
3481:Ferdinand I
3434:(1139–1383)
3303:6 June 1502
3096:D. João III
2712:Disney 2009
2656:Disney 2009
2617:Disney 2009
1657:Sebastian I
1645:3 June 1537
1571:22 May 1530
1494:in Lisbon.
1209:(1517) and
1149:John III's
999:Inquisition
971:Inquisition
955:under the "
953:East Indies
934:Pedro Nunes
868:Jean Fernel
852:Pedro Nunes
824:Gil Vicente
757:Inquisition
609:Far Eastern
431:Gil Vicente
356:spice trade
315:), was the
112:6 June 1502
85:Predecessor
77:Acclamation
4610:Categories
4175:Filipe III
3912:Fernando I
3833:Afonso III
3765:, and the
3587:Philip III
3487:Beatrice I
3461:Afonso III
3374:1502–1521
3335:1521–1557
3088:References
3059:(in Thai).
3056:Pantip.com
2575:6 December
2538:6 December
1738:Navigation
1424:brazilwood
1417:Portuguese
1328:Lopo Homem
1274:Marco Polo
1247:Cranganore
1089:navigators
1085:Mozambique
1022:witchcraft
1018:divination
992:in Lisbon.
982:auto-da-fé
930:Élie Vinet
885:headed by
777:Archbishop
771:were made
653:privateers
533:, 1535 in
523:absolutist
506:Portuguese
479:chronicler
457:astrologer
397:Early life
335:and Queen
309:Portuguese
289:Portuguese
121:, Portugal
4521:Manuel II
4293:Pedro III
4221:Afonso VI
4150:Filipe II
3875:Afonso IV
3828:Sancho II
3802:Afonso II
3688:Manuel II
3637:Peter III
3611:Afonso VI
3582:Philip II
3557:Anthony I
3471:Afonso IV
3456:Sancho II
3451:Afonso II
3341:Sebastian
3143:cite book
3137:. Lisbon.
2849:1413-7704
2770:Manikongo
2745:Nuremberg
2739:from the
2602:Lach 1994
2590:Lach 1994
2504:Lach 1994
2385:0104-8775
1488:Sebastian
1472:Charles V
1448:Sebastian
1432:sugarcane
1373:Sri Lanka
1262:sovereign
1239:Cannanore
1231:feitorias
1093:merchants
1064:feitorias
945:New World
897:in 1537.
773:Cardinals
731:Charles V
570:Sebastian
550:Charles V
510:o Piedoso
502:the Pious
391:Rhineland
366:from the
313:o Piedoso
305:The Pious
271:Signature
99:Sebastian
95:Successor
4484:Carlos I
4361:Miguel I
4226:Pedro II
4062:João III
4035:Manuel I
3974:Afonso V
3938:Duarte I
3786:Sancho I
3769:through
3761:through
3751:Afonso I
3683:Carlos I
3662:Maria II
3657:Miguel I
3652:Maria II
3647:Peter IV
3626:Joseph I
3616:Peter II
3577:Philip I
3541:John III
3536:Manuel I
3526:Afonso V
3521:Edward I
3446:Sancho I
3441:Afonso I
3324:Manuel I
2308:See also
1764:Ancestry
1752:, &
1742:Ethiopia
1734:Conquest
1726:Algarves
1719:nobleman
1612:(Philip)
1484:apoplexy
1476:diabetes
1401:donatary
1316:meridian
1285:Nagasaki
1258:zamorins
1140:Tangiers
1101:dominion
957:Padroado
914:Bordeaux
788:Flanders
729:married
660:Far East
649:Atlantic
539:Almeirim
419:Manuel I
389:and the
321:Algarves
319:and the
293:João III
285:John III
265:Catholic
261:Religion
89:Manuel I
35:John III
4419:Pedro V
4335:João VI
4020:João II
3896:Pedro I
3854:Dinis I
3700:italics
3673:Peter V
3642:John VI
3631:Maria I
3606:John IV
3551:Henry I
3531:John II
3476:Peter I
3466:Denis I
3035:at the
1673:
1635:
1588:
1574:
1368:monsoon
1349:Malacca
1337:ducados
1289:captain
1254:sultans
1227:viceroy
1193:, 1635.
1144:Mazagan
1077:Mombasa
1048:Map of
1007:Judaism
943:in the
895:Coimbra
860:Erasmus
799:Culture
558:Austria
477:John's
190:more...
177:
169:
165:
4425:Luís I
4283:José I
4247:João V
3757:, the
3678:Luís I
3621:John V
3516:John I
3385:Afonso
3378:Vacant
3356:Vacant
3306:
3229:
3197:
3113:
2977:
2947:
2884:
2847:
2804:
2753:slaves
2747:, and
2737:shells
2729:blades
2725:fabric
2529:
2466:
2442:
2383:
1750:Persia
1746:Arabia
1730:Guinea
1707:El-rei
1509:Notes
1452:Guinea
1436:Recife
1298:, the
1243:Coulão
1235:Cochin
1223:fleets
1207:Canton
1128:Arzila
1124:Azamor
1113:slaves
1081:Sofala
1069:Arguim
1030:sodomy
1026:bigamy
891:Lisbon
814:, 1552
769:Afonso
684:Arzila
676:Azamor
666:under
605:Indian
576:Policy
427:Lisbon
413:, 1516
383:Muslim
364:nutmeg
360:cloves
348:Brazil
251:Mother
241:Father
155:Spouse
143:Burial
119:Lisbon
3308:Died:
3301:Born:
2827:Tempo
2757:ivory
2320:Notes
1754:India
1701:Style
1506:Death
1503:Birth
1440:Bahia
1215:Macau
1211:Timor
1136:Ceuta
1120:Safim
1067:such
792:Macau
781:Braga
765:Henry
672:Safim
566:Crato
535:Évora
230:House
184:Issue
171:(
167:
66:Reign
4314:None
3665:with
3634:with
3227:ISBN
3195:ISBN
3149:link
3111:ISBN
2988:2018
2975:ISBN
2945:ISBN
2882:ISBN
2845:ISSN
2802:ISBN
2577:2010
2540:2010
2527:ISBN
2464:ISBN
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2381:ISSN
2215:15.
2157:14.
2095:13.
2037:12.
1973:11.
1915:10.
1688:1529
1500:Name
1438:and
1256:and
1199:Siam
1153:was
1142:and
1130:and
1122:and
1107:the
1073:Mina
1024:and
846:and
767:and
682:and
607:and
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235:Aviz
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109:Born
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