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1162:. The rebellion, led mainly by lower-class citizens and supported by anarchists, communists, and republicans, was a response to what they saw as unfair practices in recruiting soldiers. The government declared a state of war and sent in troops to put down the uprising, which resulted in more than a hundred deaths and the execution of
871:
The
Restoration was marked by a resurgence of conservative politics and the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy. King Alfonso XII successfully restored stability after years of political upheaval and turmoil. However, this stability was often maintained through repression and the silencing of genuine
1265:, the only recognized political party, and banned all others. He increased spending on businesses and public services, which led to the bankruptcy of his government. As a result of these actions, the military withdrew their support. Alfonso XIII did the same and forced him to resign in January 1930.
1313:
Although the monarchists still had some support, the republican and socialist parties won an overwhelming victory. Their victory led to street riots and demands for the abolition of the monarchy. On 14 April, the king fled Spain after the army announced it would not defend him. A provisional
316:
1212:. The top military officers were blamed for the Spanish defeat due to poor planning. This led to lowered morale among the military, who felt misunderstood as they were ordered to advance inland without adequate resources to occupy the difficult terrain.
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in 1815, Spain's economy had lagged even further behind that of other
European countries. During this time, the country underwent significant modernization. Domestic production was expanded in most areas, supported by a highly protectionist policy.
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The period witnessed social upheaval and the growth of socialist and anarchist movements. These groups sought to address the social and economic inequalities within
Spanish society and often clashed with the conservative
878:
During the
Restoration, Spain faced economic difficulties such as high unemployment and inflation. The country also suffered from significant social inequality, with a small but wealthy elite controlling most of Spain's
913:, including Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. This defeat was a major blow to Spanish national pride and significantly impacted the country's economy and politics. Conflict with Morocco, coming to a head in the
923:
Despite political and economic challenges, Spain experienced a cultural revival during this period. Spanish art, literature, and music experienced renewed interest, and many important cultural figures emerged.
2128:
1291:. However, due to the king's perceived support of the dictatorship, this proved unsuccessful and led to growing calls for the establishment of a republic. On 17 August 1930, republican groups formed the
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Hall, Morgan C. "Alfonso XIII and the
Failure of the Liberal Monarchy in Spain, 1902–1923" (PhD dissertation, Columbia University; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2003. 3095625)
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1815:
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After nearly a century of political instability and several civil wars, the
Restoration attempted to establish a new political system that ensured stability through the practice of
1117:. This rapid collapse devastated Spain and damaged the credibility of the government and its associated ideologies. It also nearly caused a military coup d'état led by General
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Military and civil unrest grew, amplified by fears of anarchist terrorism or proletarian revolution and the rise of nationalist movements. On 13 September 1923,
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Spain has a long history of regional tensions, which intensified during the
Restoration. Various movements for greater autonomy emerged in regions such as
1504:
861:
The
Restoration period was characterized by political instability, economic challenges, and social unrest. Key issues that defined the period include:
2429:
1551:
Shlomo Ben-Ami, "The
Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera: A Political Reassessment," Journal of Contemporary History, Jan 1977, Vol. 12 Issue 1, pp 65–84
1048:, manipulated the election results, fueling growing resentment of the system. This led to the formation of major nationalist movements and unions in
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1121:. This event marked the beginning of the country's decline, giving rise to numerous conflicting opposition movements at local and national levels.
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to appease the democrats and republicans, replace the local governing bodies of the dictatorship, and gradually restore the restoration.
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Luengo, Jorge, and Pol Dalmau. "Writing
Spanish history in the global age: connections and entanglements in the nineteenth century."
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1005:). The king held the power to appoint senators and to annul laws at his discretion. He was given the honorific title of
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This article is about the Bourbon Restoration in Spain of 1874. For the Bourbon Restoration in Spain of 1814, see
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1174:(CNT) attempted to organize a national general strike, but the unions were only able to mobilize urban workers.
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was soon established; it remained in force throughout the Restoration. This constitution established Spain as a
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Alfonso XIII attempted to gradually restore the previous system and bolster his prestige by enlisting General
1200:. A group of Moroccan militants launched a surprise attack on the Spanish army. Led by the Moroccan chieftain
79:
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Alfonso XIII came of age in May 1902 and was crowned on 17 May 1902, ending the regency of the Queen Mother.
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Las relaciones políticas, económicas y culturales entre España y los Estados Unidos en los siglos XIX y XX
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Primo de Rivera suspended the constitution and assumed absolute powers as a dictator. He created the
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1450:"ALFONSO'S REIGN BEGINS MAY 17.; He Will Take the Oath on That Day -- Festivities to Last a Week"
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was born on 17 May 1886, and a Regency was formed, headed by the Queen Mother Maria Cristina.
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Time of Triumph & Sorrow: Spanish Politics during the Reign of Alfonso XII, 1874–1885
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Time of Triumph & Sorrow: Spanish Politics during the Reign of Alfonso XII, 1874–1885
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816:, and ended on 14 April 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.
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1580:
Ben-Ami, Shlomo. "The Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera: A Political Reassessment,"
1482:
1295:, forming a revolutionary committee that would later become the leadership of the
1647:
Winston, Colin M. "The Proletarian Carlist Road to Fascism: Sindicalismo Libre,"
1385:"Political Clientelism, Elites, and Caciquismo in Restoration Spain (1875--1923)"
298:
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after issuing a manifesto blaming Spain's problems on the parliamentary system.
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from 1874 to 1931. It began on 29 December 1874, after a coup d'état by General
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1204:, Moroccans nearly annihilated the Spanish forces and pushed them back toward
1139:. The Spanish government was able to begin rebuilding its fleet and built the
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Spain in the Liberal Age: From Constitution to Civil War, 1808–1939
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resulted in the death of 200,000 Spaniards (1% of the population).
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led to the loss of Spain's last major overseas colonies, including
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supported the general and appointed him the new prime minister.
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led to domestic discontent, culminating in a revolt known as the
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with France and Great Britain, a defensive alliance against the
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Berenguer eventually resigned, and the king appointed Admiral
1012:
These were years of economic prosperity. Since the end of the
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In 1898, Spain lost nearly all its remaining colonies in the
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Reign of Alfonso XIII and crisis of the system (1898–1923)
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Alfonso XII and the Regency of Maria Christina (1874–1898)
1036:, alternated in power through the controlled process of
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Spain began its international rehabilitation after the
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Alfonso XII died in November 1885 from a recurrence of
1637:
Payne, Stanley G. "Spanish Conservatism 1834–1923,"
34:. For the Bourbon Restoration in Spain of 1975, see
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1629:A History of Spain and Portugal. Vol. 2 After 1700
1367:A History of Spain and Portugal. Vol. 2 After 1700
808:ended the First Spanish Republic and restored the
1535:"Cien años de la pandemia de la "gripe española""
1306:in his place. On 12 April 1931, Aznar called for
1395:(3). Complutense University of Madrid: 417-441.
1651:Vol. 17, No. 4 (Oct., 1982), pp. 557–585
1641:Vol. 13, No. 4, (Oct. 1978), pp. 765–789
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1621:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022818000220
131:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Period in the history of Spain, 1874–1931
1177:When World War I broke out in 1914, the
164:Bourbon Restoration in Spain (1874–1931)
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1145:Reina Victoria Eugenia-class battleship
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156:It has been suggested that portions of
1951:Natural Sites of Community Importance
940:Regency of Maria Christina of Austria
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69:adding citations to reliable sources
2430:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage
1511:. 22 December 2012. Archived from
1483:"Spain During the First World War"
1383:Luzón, Javier Moreno (July 2007).
1172:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo
1152:failed attempts to conquer Morocco
25:
1181:, allowing Spain to do the same.
829:. Critics of the system included
1639:Journal of Contemporary History,
1582:Journal of Contemporary History,
1131:of 1906. In 1907, it signed the
997:) consisting of an upper house (
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2544:1931 disestablishments in Spain
1994:Autonomous communities of Spain
1649:Journal of Contemporary History
1468:Antonio Ñíguez Bernal .p. 94.
1275:Dictablanda of Dámaso Berenguer
1226:Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
56:needs additional citations for
36:Spanish transition to democracy
2405:National and regional identity
1420:"Death of the King of Spain",
1093:Reign of Alfonso XIII of Spain
993:with a bicameral legislature (
681:Second Spanish Republic formed
1:
1369:(1973) pp 488-512, 578-629.
1332:Contemporary history of Spain
1168:Unión General de Trabajadores
956:On 29 December 1874, General
159:Contemporary history of Spain
2539:1874 establishments in Spain
1631:(1973) pp 488-512, 578-629.
1318:immediately established the
1279:1931 Spanish local elections
1244:Captain General of Catalonia
1034:Antonio Cánovas del Castillo
18:Kingdom of Spain (1874-1931)
2425:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
1619:13.3 (2018): 425–445. DOI:
1481:McEvoy, William P. (2003).
1250:and deposed Prime Minister
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1389:European History Quarterly
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1119:Camilo García de Polavieja
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1042:. Local figures, known as
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1617:Journal of global history
1263:Unión Patriótica Española
1196:escalated, beginning the
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1723:Ancient History Timeline
1401:10.1177/0265691407078445
1222:1923 Spanish coup d'état
1170:(UGT) and the anarchist
1071:was pregnant. Their son
655:Second Melillan campaign
80:"Restoration" Spain
2559:Restorations (politics)
2534:Modern history of Spain
1783:Transition to democracy
1758:Reaction and revolution
1606:excerpt and text search
1569:excerpt and text search
1320:Second Spanish Republic
1297:Second Spanish Republic
1141:España-class battleship
991:constitutional monarchy
958:Arsenio Martínez Campos
952:Portrait of Alfonso XII
806:Arsenio Martínez Campos
802:Second Spanish Republic
746:Second Spanish Republic
400:constitutional monarchy
2373:International Interest
2181:Science and technology
1877:Autonomous communities
1426:(26 November 1885): 7.
1269:Final year (1930–1931)
1240:Miguel Primo de Rivera
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1234:Miguel Primo de Rivera
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1026:Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
968:First Spanish Republic
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867:Political conservatism
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790:Restauración borbónica
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1600:Esdaile, Charles J.
1293:Pact of San Sebastián
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1192:In 1921, conflict in
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1001:) and a lower house (
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422:military dictatorship
347:Common languages
2014:Constitutional Court
1539:La opinión de Zamora
1509:La opinión de Zamora
1505:"La gripe del siglo"
1353:(1982) pp. 347–602.
1316:Niceto Alcalá-Zamora
1252:Manuel García Prieto
1129:Algeciras Conference
1099:Spanish–American War
1003:Congress of Deputies
987:Constitution of 1876
974:, son of the exiled
934:Reign of Alfonso XII
911:Spanish-American War
792:) was the period in
642:Spanish–American War
629:Constitution adopted
595:Congress of Deputies
174:into this article. (
65:improve this article
2529:Restoration (Spain)
1957:Plazas de soberanía
1590:Carr, Raymond, ed.
1485:. FirstWorldWar.com
1304:Juan Bautista Aznar
876:Economic struggles:
782:Bourbon Restoration
647:April - August 1898
2186:Telecommunications
1887:Biosphere Reserves
1788:Contemporary Spain
1778:Spain under Franco
1718:Prehistoric Iberia
1627:Payne, Stanley G.
1565:A History of Spain
1541:. 22 October 2018.
1455:The New York Times
1365:Stanley G. Payne,
1314:government led by
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1816:Pre-Roman Iberia
1811:General overview
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1592:Spain: A History
1573:Beck, Earl Ray.
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1164:Francisco Ferrer
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2085:
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2065:
2064:
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2058:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2034:Prime Minister
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1948:
1946:National parks
1943:
1941:Municipalities
1938:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1916:
1914:Extreme points
1911:
1906:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1874:
1868:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1821:Spanish Empire
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1796:
1795:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1763:First Republic
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1733:Medieval Spain
1730:
1728:Roman Hispania
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1645:
1635:
1624:
1623:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1598:
1588:
1578:
1571:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1553:
1544:
1526:
1515:on 7 June 2020
1496:
1473:
1461:
1441:
1428:
1413:
1375:
1358:
1349:Raymond Carr,
1341:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1334:
1327:
1324:
1289:Prime Minister
1270:
1267:
1217:
1214:
1156:Semana Tragica
1091:Main article:
1080:
1077:
1069:Maria Cristina
1058:Basque Country
966:overthrew the
932:Main article:
929:
926:
925:
924:
918:
904:
901:Basque Country
890:
880:
873:
858:
855:
764:
763:
760:
759:
756:
755:
748:
739:
736:
735:
730:
718:
717:
712:
702:
701:
699:Spanish peseta
696:
692:
691:
688:
687:
684:
678:
675:
674:
671:
665:
662:
661:
658:
652:
649:
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516:
514:Prime Minister
510:
509:
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438:
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418:
391:
385:
384:
375:
369:
368:
365:state religion
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
343:
338:
334:
333:
330:
322:
321:
295:
271:
270:
247:
246:
239:
232:
231:
227:
220:
219:
218:
215:
214:
210:
209:
202:
199:
190:
189:
155:
153:
146:
139:
138:
53:
51:
44:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2571:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
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2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
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2509:
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2500:
2495:
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2240:
2238:
2235:
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2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
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2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2139:median income
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2009:Head of State
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1753:Enlightenment
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1676:
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1663:
1660:
1654:
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1644:
1640:
1636:
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1622:
1618:
1614:
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1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1597:
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1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1576:
1572:
1570:
1566:
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1557:
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1545:
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1536:
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1527:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1497:
1484:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1432:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1417:
1414:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1343:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1280:
1276:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1097:In 1898, the
1094:
1085:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1022:Liberal Party
1018:
1015:
1010:
1009:of the army.
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
964:
959:
950:
945:
941:
935:
927:
922:
919:
916:
912:
908:
905:
902:
898:
894:
891:
887:
885:
884:Social unrest
881:
877:
874:
870:
868:
864:
863:
862:
856:
854:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
823:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
749:
747:
744:
743:
740:
734:
731:
724:
723:
720:
719:
716:
713:
711:
708:
707:
703:
700:
697:
693:
689:
686:14 April 1931
685:
682:
672:
669:
659:
656:
646:
643:
633:
630:
620:
617:
603:
599:
596:
593:
590:
581:
578:
575:
566:
563:
559:
555:
552:
551:Juan B. Aznar
549:
537:
534:
517:
515:
507:
504:
501:
487:
485:
477:
474:
471:
462:
459:
445:
443:
432:
428:
423:
419:
415:
410:
407:
403:
402:
401:
398:
397:parliamentary
395:
392:
390:
386:
383:
379:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
359:
355:
352:
349:
345:
342:
339:
335:
328:
323:
294:"Royal March"
290:
283:
282:
276:
272:
265:
258:
257:
252:
248:
242:
236:
224:
216:
211:
206:
197:
194:
186:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
160:
154:
145:
144:
135:
132:
124:
121:November 2023
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
82: –
81:
77:
76:Find sources:
70:
66:
60:
59:
54:This article
52:
48:
43:
42:
37:
33:
19:
2466:
2453:Coat of arms
2350:Bullfighting
2340:Architecture
2307:Prostitution
2267:Homelessness
2242:Demographics
2196:Trade unions
2134:unemployment
2119:Car industry
2051:Human rights
1999:Constitution
1955:
1901:
1881:ranked lists
1793:1975–present
1767:
1648:
1638:
1628:
1616:
1601:
1591:
1581:
1574:
1564:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:the original
1508:
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1476:
1464:
1453:
1444:
1436:
1431:
1421:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1392:
1388:
1378:
1366:
1361:
1350:
1345:
1312:
1301:
1282:
1260:
1256:Alfonso XIII
1237:
1191:
1187:flu pandemic
1176:
1149:
1126:
1123:
1096:
1087:Alfonso XIII
1073:Alfonso XIII
1062:
1044:
1038:
1019:
1011:
984:
961:
955:
920:
906:
892:
882:
875:
865:
860:
820:
818:
796:between the
781:
778:Restauración
769:
767:
715:Succeeded by
714:
709:
634:30 June 1876
543:• 1931
473:Alfonso XIII
274:
251:Motto:
250:
241:Coat of arms
193:
180:
170:from it and
157:
127:
118:
108:
101:
94:
87:
75:
63:Please help
58:verification
55:
2272:Immigration
2262:Health care
2124:Communities
2109:Agriculture
1909:Earthquakes
1768:Restoration
1738:Reconquista
1248:coup d'état
1246:, staged a
1202:Abd-Al-Krim
1111:Puerto Rico
976:Isabella II
972:Alfonso XII
889:government.
872:opposition.
831:republicans
814:Alfonso XII
770:Restoration
710:Preceded by
589:Lower house
574:Upper house
561:Legislature
461:Alfonso XII
281:Marcha Real
2523:Categories
2390:Mass media
2385:Literature
2277:Irreligion
2257:Euthanasia
2247:Disability
2029:Government
2004:Corruption
1826:Golden Age
1519:22 January
1338:References
1056:, and the
1028:, and the
938:See also:
879:resources.
839:anarchists
835:socialists
409:particracy
389:Government
373:Demonym(s)
256:Plus Ultra
91:newspapers
2380:Languages
2282:Languages
2252:Education
2201:Transport
2041:Elections
2024:Judiciary
1963:Provinces
1860:Geography
1841:Civil War
1748:Expansion
1423:The Times
1160:Barcelona
1150:In 1909,
1065:dysentery
1050:Catalonia
1032:, led by
1024:, led by
897:Catalonia
673:1920–1926
660:1909–1910
431:1930–1931
427:1923–1930
414:1881–1916
406:anocratic
404:under an
357:Religion
213:1874–1931
2503:Category
2364:Fiestas
2312:Religion
2297:Pensions
2292:Naturism
2232:Abortion
2171:Taxation
2161:Forestry
2073:Monarchy
2068:Military
2061:Intersex
1982:Politics
1968:Wildlife
1903:Comarcas
1836:Military
1831:Economic
1804:By topic
1710:Timeline
1693:articles
1653:in JSTOR
1643:in JSTOR
1586:in JSTOR
1326:See also
1143:and the
1045:caciques
899:and the
851:Carlists
810:monarchy
800:and the
695:Currency
420:under a
382:Spaniard
183:May 2024
162: (
2487:Outline
2440:Symbols
2360:Cuisine
2332:Culture
2220:Society
2191:Tourism
2097:Economy
1936:Islands
1919:Forests
1897:Climate
1892:Borders
1701:History
1604:(2000)
1594:(2001)
1567:(2009)
1558:Sources
1489:16 July
1208:in the
1206:Melilla
1198:Rif War
1194:Morocco
1054:Galicia
915:Rif War
847:Catalan
786:Spanish
774:Spanish
679:•
668:Rif War
666:•
653:•
640:•
627:•
614:•
601:History
587:•
572:•
530:(first)
394:Unitary
378:Spanish
351:Spanish
337:Capital
289:Spanish
275:Anthem:
176:Discuss
105:scholar
2508:Portal
2448:Anthem
2355:Cinema
2302:People
2151:Energy
1691:
1633:online
1596:online
1577:(1979)
1439:(1979)
1371:online
1355:online
1113:, and
999:Senate
843:Basque
812:under
604:
580:Senate
545:(last)
518:
488:
484:Regent
446:
341:Madrid
285:
277:
260:
172:merged
107:
100:
93:
86:
78:
2494:Index
2420:Sport
2395:Music
2322:Women
2237:Crime
2114:Banks
1743:Union
1689:Spain
1406:7 May
978:, as
822:turno
780:) or
264:Latin
168:split
166:) be
112:JSTOR
98:books
2461:Flag
2317:Time
2206:Wine
2056:LGBT
1521:2022
1491:2009
1408:2024
1277:and
1224:and
1107:Guam
1103:Cuba
1020:The
985:The
980:king
942:and
907:War:
845:and
768:The
442:King
228:Flag
84:news
2345:Art
2129:GDP
1397:doi
1299:.
1287:as
1158:in
1147:.
982:.
960:'s
178:)
67:by
2525::
1537:.
1507:.
1452:.
1393:37
1391:.
1387:.
1373:.
1322:.
1242:,
1109:,
1105:,
1060:.
1052:,
853:.
841:,
837:,
833:,
788::
776::
429:;
380:,
1883:)
1879:(
1681:e
1674:t
1667:v
1523:.
1493:.
1410:.
1399::
903:.
886::
869::
784:(
772:(
433:)
425:(
416:)
412:(
367:)
363:(
291:)
287:(
266:)
262:(
185:)
181:(
134:)
128:(
123:)
119:(
109:·
102:·
95:·
88:·
61:.
38:.
20:)
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