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haven't got a country. That's been taken off us." The war was viewed as a Pākehā fight among Pākehā nations. From June 1917 the
Military Services Act was amended to apply conscription to all Māori, though the Minister of Defence advised officials it was to apply only to Waikato Māori. On 11 July 1918 police arrived at Te Paina, the King movement's pā at Mangatawhiri, and began arresting males who had failed to report for military duty. The men were transported to Narrow Neck army training camp in Auckland, where they were repeatedly punished for refusing to dress in military uniform. At the end of the war 111 remained in confinement; they were released in May 1919. The anti-conscription stance led to the Kīngitanga movement being widely regarded by Pākehā as seditious traitors and German sympathisers and also drove a wedge between Te Puea and Pomare, who throughout the war urged all Māori to fight for empire forces.
1417:
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1306:
1345:
1527:
420:
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368:(European) population grew to outnumber Māori and the colonial government's Native Land Purchase Department adopted unscrupulous methods to take ownership, which included offers to chiefs or small groups of owners. Deals with individual Māori or groups that did not represent majority interests also dragged Māori into disputes with one another. As the white frontier encroached further on their land, many became concerned that their land, and race, would soon be overrun.
511:
recognition. Some opponents dismissed the Kīngitanga as a solely
Waikato movement. Throughout 1859 emissaries of the King movement travelled through the North Island, including Taranaki, Wanganui and Hawkes Bay, seeking further adherents, with iwi sometimes divided in their support. Even within the movement there was said to be deep division: historian Keith Sinclair claimed "moderates" aligned themselves with Wiremu Tamihana and "anti-European extremists" followed
1846:; he had connections with other iwi and came from a line of successful fighting chiefs. He had been an outstanding combatant himself in the days of tribal warfare, had become a friend of Governor Grey and regarded himself as a friend of the Pākehā. He was also well resourced: he was able to call on the assistance of 5000 immediate followers and his Waikato territory had a wealth of food in its rivers and lakes and vast areas of potato and wheat cultivations.
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782:(Upper House) and to sit on the Executive Council as "Minister representing the Maori race". Despite widespread opposition from Waikato Māori, who feared it was an attempt to neutralise the King movement, Mahuta accepted and he was sworn in in May 1903. He entrusted the kingship to his younger brother Te Wherowhero Tawhiao, but resumed the kingship on 21 May 1910, disillusioned with the political process in dealing with Māori confiscation claims.
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of whether the King movement should intervene. A faction of moderates within the movement swung the decision against direct involvement, but news of the meetings led to panic in
Auckland over the possibility of a Māori attack on the capital, in turn prompting what Dalton described as "a mood of savage vindictiveness towards all Māori". In late June 1860 large numbers of Waikato Māori travelled to Taranaki to reinforce Te Āti Awa chief
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751:
495:
519:, although Belich and historian Vincent O'Malley dispute this, saying both factions were driven by shared objectives and concerns and that divisions had been exaggerated by historians. Tribal rivalries may also have weakened unity. Historian B.J. Dalton observed: "Outside the Waikato, the King Movement appealed most to the younger generation who could see no other way of gaining the
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to Tūrangawaewae on 30 December 1953; the government refused him permission to deliver a speech in which he was to make the historic step of declaring loyalty to the
British Crown, but a copy of the speech was later sent to the Queen. From the late 1950s his health began to deteriorate and he died at
575:
Tāwhiao's succession to the position of King coincided with a period of increasing friction between Māori and the
Auckland-based settler government over issues of land ownership and sovereignty. Hostilities surrounding land purchases in Taranaki spread, erupting into a series of conflicts that became
404:
or unity movement was aimed at bringing to Māori the unity that was an obvious strength among the
Europeans. It was believed that by having a monarch who could claim status similar to that of Queen Victoria, Māori would be able to deal with Pākehā on equal footing. It was also intended to establish a
375:
or chiefly war councils where land issues were raised and in May 1854 a large meeting—attracting as many as 2000 Māori leaders—was held at
Manawapou in south Taranaki where speakers urged concerted opposition to selling land. The meetings provided an important forum for Te Rauparaha's son, Christian
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attended a gathering of
Waikato Māori at Ngāruawāhia and tendered their formal allegiance to the king. Discussions at that meeting, and at a second meeting at Peria six weeks later that attracted a large group of supporters from the lower Waikato, centered on hostilities in Taranaki and the question
470:
noted: "In the eyes of his supporters, the chiefs who had raised him up had made him a repository for their own mana and tapu and for that of their lands. Pōtatau was now a man of intensified prestige and sacredness. This belief was to impel people to go to heroic lengths to uphold the kingship and,
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to resume hostilities against the government to try to wrest back the confiscated land. Tawhiao, however, had renounced war and declared 1867–68 as the "year of the lamb" and "year of peace"; in April 1869 he had issued another proclamation that "the slaying of man by man is to cease". Though there
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had been watching developments with concern. In June 1857 he wrote to London that "I apprehend no sort of danger from the present movement, but it is evident that the establishment of a separate nationality by the Māoris in any form or shape if persevered in would end sooner or later in collision."
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Mahuta, born about 1854, was raised during the wars of the 1860s and the exile that followed, and received no
European education and spoke little English. By the time of his coronation support for the King movement had declined and its followers were limited mainly to the Tainui iwi in Waikato and
728:
Tāwhiao also instituted a system of annual poukais—visits by the King to Kīngitanga marae, which he devised as a means of drawing people back to their marae on a fixed day each year. The poukais later evolved into regular consultation meetings between Kīngitanga leadership and its followers where
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Recognition of the new King, however, was not immediate: though there was widespread respect for the movement's efforts in establishing a "land league" to slow land sales, Pōtatau's role was strongly embraced only by
Waikato Māori, with iwi of North Auckland and south of Waikato showing him scant
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In his acceptance speech Pōtatau stressed the spirit of unity symbolised by the kingship and called on his people to "hold fast to love, to the law, and to faith in God." Over time the King movement came to have a flag, a council of state, a code of laws, a "King's Resident Magistrate", police, a
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From the early 1850s, North Island Māori came under increasing pressure to satisfy the demand of European settler farmers for arable land. While Māori cultivated small areas, relying on extensive forests for berry, birds and roots, settlers expanded their production capacity by burning forest and
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on Te Rata's return, the King discouraged Waikato enlistment—both because of Tawhaio's 1881 declaration that Waikato Māori would never again fight and continued resentment over the injustice of confiscation. Te Puea explained: "They tell us to fight for king and country. We've got a King, but we
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Koroki Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero was the fifth in the line of Māori kings. Shy and reserved, he was crowned on 8 October 1933 at the age of about 25 and accepted the role reluctantly, protesting that with so many Waikato Māori living in poverty they could not afford a king.
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in 1892. Though all North Island iwi were invited to attend, participation was confined mainly to the Waikato, Maniapoto and Hauraki people who were already part of the King movement. The assembly's discussions included proceedings in the national Parliament, interpretations of the Treaty of
778:, the first Māori to hold a cabinet position. Mahuta was an advocate of conciliation between Māori and Pākehā; according to historian Michael King, Seddon took advantage of his goodwill and naivety to secure the sale of more Māori land. Seddon invited Mahuta to Wellington as a member of the
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Waitangi, the confiscation issue and conditions for land sales, but its deliberations and recommendations were either ignored or derided by the Parliament and public servants. The establishment of Tāwhiao's Kauhanganui coincided with the formation of a Māori Parliament at Waipatu Marae in
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The movement arose among a group of central North Island iwi in the 1850s as a means of attaining Māori unity to halt the alienation of land at a time of rapid population growth by European colonists. The movement sought to establish a monarch who could claim status similar to that of
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Throughout Mahuta's years as king, Waikato was mired in economic and social depression. Many Māori were landless and destitute because of confiscations, while those who did still own land were unable to make it productive. The area had severe health problems, with constant bouts of
678:, 500 acres at Ngāruawāhia, land in all the townships" as well as economic aid and rights over roads and land dealings. Tāwhiao refused the offer. Three years later, in July 1881, he summoned Resident Magistrate William Gilbert Mair to a meeting at Alexandra (today known as
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After initially declining—he was unwilling to undertake new ventures at his age and was described by a European visitor as blind and decrepit, "on the very brink of his grave"—Te Wherowhero agreed in September 1857 to accept the kingship and in June 1858 he was crowned at
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and that Māori were a separate nation. "I do not desire to cast the Queen from this island, but from own piece (of land). I am to be the person to overlook my own piece," he wrote. But Browne regarded the Kīngitanga stance as an act of disloyalty; his plans for the
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of the land of "rebel" Māori. The confiscation of 486,500 hectares of land, including fertile areas under cultivation, burial sites and areas that had been inhabited for centuries, was a bitter blow for Waikato Māori. In 1869 and 1870 Tāwhiao was challenged by
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parliament, and the standing Māori monarch. The position of the Māori king is mainly a highly respected ceremonial role within the Waikato Tainui iwi with limited powers. Nevertheless, the standing monarch is entitled to appoint one of the 11 members on the
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In 1913 Taingakawa convinced Te Rata to head another delegation to England to petition the Crown to revoke the land confiscations as a breach of the Treaty of Waitangi. An intertribal meeting at Raglan decided all King movement adherents would contribute a
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Throughout his reign he came under the strong but conflicting influence of several opposing factions which created some controversies; he also notably lost a battle with politicians to keep King Country free of liquor licences. He hosted a brief visit by
1814:(1977, pg 24) contains a slightly different chronology: He says the meeting at Pukawa beside Lake Taupō took place in November 1856 and it was there that chiefs agreed on Te Wherowhero. King says chiefs who were party to the Pukawa decision represented
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be our boundary. Do not encroach on this side. Likewise I am not to set foot on that side." The King envisaged a conjoint administration in which he ruled in territory still under Māori customary title while the Governor ruled in areas acquired by the
306:(Europeans) on equal footing. It took on the appearance of an alternative government with its own flag, newspaper, bank, councillors, magistrates and law enforcement. It was viewed by the colonial government as a challenge to the supremacy of the
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314:, which was partly motivated by a drive to neutralise the Kīngitanga's power and influence. Following their defeat at Ōrākau in 1864, Kīngitanga forces withdrew into the Ngāti Maniapoto tribal region of the North Island that became known as the
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through the centre of the North Island and open up the King Country to more settlers—made approaches to Tāwhiao to offer peace terms. Grey, by now Premier of New Zealand, visited the King in May 1878 to offer him "lands on the left bank of the
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Though there were still no signs the movement was developing an aggressive spirit, Browne soon began expressing his fear that "it will resolve into a conflict of race and become the greatest political difficulty we have had to contend with".
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to lead a deputation with a petition to the Crown about Māori land grievances but was refused an audience with the Queen. Back in New Zealand in 1886 and seeking Māori solutions to Māori problems through Māori institutions, he petitioned
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In principle the position of Māori monarch is not hereditary. Thus far however, the monarchy has been hereditary in effect, as every new Māori monarch has been the child of the previous monarch, descending in seven generations from
817:. Pomare won the seat by 565 votes. Te Puea's involvement in campaigning for Mahuta's preferred candidate marked her elevation to a position of chief organiser for the King movement, a role she held until her death in 1952.
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to the present Māori queen. With each successive monarch, the role of Pōtatau's family has been entrenched, although after any reign ends there is the potential for the mantle to be passed to someone from another
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Kīngitanga forces were forced to fight a defensive war based on frustrating and slowing down their enemy but were unable to prevail over a full-time professional army with almost unlimited manpower and firepower.
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on 4 June on condition that nothing embarrassing would be raised. They departed England on 10 August, having gained nothing but the assurance their claims would be referred back to the New Zealand Government.
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and heart disease. With strong support from his cousin and protector Te Puea (later widely referred to as "Princess Te Puea"), he withstood a challenge to his authority by Taingakawa, who established a rival
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3200:
466:, all of which gave the movement the appearance of an alternative government. The lives of his followers were given new purpose with the lawmaking, trials, and lengthy meetings and debates. Historian
543:'s forces and joined in the plunder of abandoned farms, but the intervention was unorganised and on a limited scale, relieving Taranaki settlers of some fear of full-scale Kīngitanga involvement.
241:, was crowned in 1858. The monarchy is non-hereditary in principle, although every monarch since Pōtatau Te Wherowhero has been a child of the previous monarch. The eighth monarch is
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and possibly Tāwhiao himself, moderates continued to warn the King that they had little chance of success and risked annihilation by becoming involved in Te Kooti's actions.
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From the beginning of his kingship Mahuta took an interest in politics: he pressed the government for compensation for the 1860s land confiscations, sponsored a relative,
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The use of the title of "Māori King" has been challenged by various Māori leaders, namely by those of the north. In his discourse, David Rankin, a leader of the Ngāpuhi
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that support the King movement. The tradition was started in the 1880s by Tāwhiao, the second Māori king. The gatherings include feasting and cultural performances.
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In 1911 Mahuta withdrew his backing for Kaihau in Western Maori after discovering he had presided over the loss of £50,000 of Kīngitanga moneys and used his niece,
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1020:. There are three awards: the Order of King Pootatau Te Wherowhero; the Order of the Taniwhaa; and the Illustrious Order of Te Arikinui Queen Te Atairangikaahu.
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of iwi not associated (or strongly associated) with the movement is thereby diminished, infringing therefore upon their identity and autonomy as Māori and iwi.
1121:, explains that the monarch is not the king of all Māori. The argument states that by the kīngitanga claiming ownership of such a title, the rangatiratanga and
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a head to cover the cost and the four-man delegation sailed from Auckland on 11 April 1914. After initially being rebuffed, they gained an audience with King
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Several North Island candidates who were asked to put themselves forward declined; in February 1857, a few weeks after a key intertribal meeting in
665:, newspaper of the Kīngitanga, edition of 8 May 1893. It represents Matariki or the Pleiades as harbingers of good weather and fruitful endeavours.
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in December 1861 that the King movement was bad and should be abandoned. On 9 July 1863 Grey issued an ultimatum that all Māori living between
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Tamihana, a strategist revered as the "kingmaker", expressed the Kīngitanga movement's key concern in a letter to Browne at the close of the
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were fuelled in large part by his desire to uphold "the Queen's supremacy" in the face of the Kīngitanga challenge. Browne's successor, Sir
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Although the monarchs of the Kīngitanga are not recognised by New Zealand law or by many Māori iwi, they hold the distinction of being
270:. The influence of the Māori monarch is widespread in Māoridom despite the movement not being adhered to by several major iwi, notably
55:
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side is Te Atuatanga, who represents the good and is the personification of spirituality. Together they symbolise the balance of life.
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for the establishment of a Māori Council "for all the chiefs of this Island". When this proposal, too, was ignored, he set up his own
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From about 1886 until about 1905 it also had a bank, the Bank of Aotearoa, which operated in Parawera, Maungatautari and Maungakawa.
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Te Puea continued to strengthen her position as an organiser and spiritual leader. She pioneered efforts to care for victims of the
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view of himself as an anointed leader of a chosen people wandering in the wilderness awaiting a deliverance into their inheritance.
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895:, helped Waikato Māori turn previously unused land into farms and developed the movement's new spiritual and cultural home, the
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or boundary of the confiscated land. Governor Grey, meanwhile, began steering through Parliament legislation for the widespread
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384:. Tamihana Te Rauparaha had returned to New Zealand with the idea of forming a Māori kingdom, with one king ruling over all
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802:. Sanitary conditions were generally poor, unemployment high, drunkenness widespread and child schooling rates very low.
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territory, which was subsequently known as the King Country, declaring that Europeans risked death if they crossed the
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Te Rata died on 1 October 1933. Te Puea rejected a proposal to make her the Māori monarch, believing that 21-year-old
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Te Rohe Potae Political Engagement, a report commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal, December 2010, pages 358—367"
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system of law and order in Māori communities to which the Auckland government had so far shown little interest.
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iwi in eastern Waikato, circulated a proposal to appoint as king the elderly and high-ranking Waikato chief
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The coat of arms of the Kīngitanga was designed by Tīwai Parāone of Hauraki and Te Aokatoa of Waikato and
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for "...outstanding services to Māori people...". Her 40-year reign was the longest of any Māori monarch.
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and revived the recitation of tribal history, the singing of Waikato songs and other cultural traditions.
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Tāwhiao remained in exile for 20 years, wandering through Maniapoto and Taranaki settlements, adopting an
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2951:"Kīngitanga – the Māori King movement: Te Atairangikaahu, 1966–2006, and Tūheitia, 2006–: Poukai marae"
1049:. She is the second queen of the Kīngitanga, after her grandmother Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu.
718:. This parliament, which consisted of 96 members from the North and South Islands under Prime Minister
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2593:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 8 November 2017. Archived from
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682:) where he and 70 followers laid down their guns, then laid alongside them 70 roasted pigeons and a
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and Hauraki. Te Wherowhero, then aged in his mid-80s, was a descendant of Hoturoa, captain of the
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1045:, was announced by the Tekau-ma-Rua as the next monarch on 5 September 2024, the last day of his
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Pōtatau proclaimed the boundary separating his authority from that of the Governor, saying: "Let
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of a number of important Māori iwi and wield some power on a local level, especially within the
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722:, was formed as part of the Kotahitanga (unification) movement, which Tāwhiao refused to join.
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or be expelled south of the Waikato River. Troops invaded Waikato territory three days later.
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were radical elements in the Kīngitanga movement who favoured a resumption of war, including
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3014:"Gifts for a King: Māori King presents Charles with four coronation gifts including tartan"
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The Illustrious Order of Te Arikinui Queen Te Atairangikaahu. Notable recipients include:
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2921:"Kīngitanga – the Māori King movement: Te Atairangikaahu, 1966–2006, and Tūheitia, 2006–"
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A figure, Manawa ("the pulsating heart"), holding its tongue with both hands, and with a
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2305:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 20 December 2012.
2272:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 20 December 2012.
2163:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 20 December 2012.
2133:. History Group of the New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 20 December 2012.
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which explores the Kīngitanga movement and the history of the Waikato people. Requires
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funds were also raised to cover the movement's expenses and the upkeep of local marae.
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was sworn in as the Māori king on 21 August 2006. In August 2014, Tūheitia created a
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Tāwhiao and his close followers fled into the bush and steep limestone valleys of
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An early Māori King movement flag used during the reign of Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
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with the strokes between the double lines marking various stages of creation.
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movement on the day of the previous monarch's funeral and before the burial.
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Mahuta's health declined throughout 1912 and he died on 9 November, aged 57.
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electorate and from the late 1890s made frequent contact with Prime Minister
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Tāwhiao died suddenly on 26 August 1894 and was succeeded by his oldest son,
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fern and planting grass seed in the ashes. Some influential chiefs including
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838:, then aged between 30 and 33, was crowned on 24 November 1912 by kingmaker
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to secure the agreement of influential North Island chiefs to his idea. The
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364:), and the view became more widespread in the following decade, when the
1859:, which was technically elective but which passed along the line of the
1707:), representing traditional Māori foods, and on the sinister side are a
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Pōtatau died of influenza on 25 June 1860 and was succeeded by his son,
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The Māori monarch operates in a non-constitutional capacity outside the
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for more than three and a half centuries, though with two exceptions:
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The Order of King Pootatau Te Wherowhero. Notable recipients include:
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is to use doubled vowels rather than macrons to indicate long vowels.
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2456:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage. 20 December 2012.
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The monarch is appointed by the leaders of the iwi involved in the
458:, later adopting the name Pōtatau Te Wherowhero or simply Pōtatau.
229:
in the 1850s, to establish a role similar in status to that of the
3524:
3519:
3223:"Matariki 2022: Celebrating through the eyes of a Kīngitanga kura"
1167:
1157:
1146:
992:
954:
926:
899:
860:
749:
493:
418:
3266:
2299:"Māori King movement origins: A challenge to European authority?"
3712:
3684:
1680:
1027:, Tūheitia died while recovering from heart surgery. He was 69.
600:, told a large Māori gathering at Taupari near the mouth of the
3358:
3270:
2716:"Māori King Tūheitia dies aged 69, just days after Koroneihana"
3514:
1798:
1176:
Three honours were created by the Kīngitanga in 2014, namely:
1114:
499:
216:
913:, Te Rata's eldest son, was the rightful heir to the throne.
1172:
Kiingi Tūheitia presenting honours to King Charles III, 2023
380:, who in 1851 had visited England where he was presented to
1012:
Following the death of his mother, Dame Te Atairangikaahu,
2749:"New Māori monarch named: Queen Ngā Wai hono i te po Paki"
2557:. Department of History, University of Auckland: 161–183.
1086:
elected monarchy since 1890. Power is divided between the
1074:
or iwi if the chiefs of the various iwi are in agreement.
754:
Mahuta Tāwhiao, third Māori king, who was crowned in 1894.
1023:
On 30 August 2024, just over a week after his eighteenth
931:
Koroki Mahuta, fifth Māori king, who was crowned in 1933.
360:
opposed land sales in the 1840s (culminating in the 1843
3354:
3070:"TE PAKI O MATARIKI The Coat of Arms of the Maaori King"
1149:
is traditionally used during the crowning of a monarch.
1645:
on its head. Above Manawa are seven stars representing
1156:
is an annual circuit of visits by the Māori monarch to
842:. He was shy and physically weak, having long suffered
2774:"Leaders to debate succession and Kīngitanga's future"
2105:(2000 ed.). Auckland: Penguin. pp. 115–119.
2618:"Koroki Te Rata Mahuta Tawhiao Potatau Te Wherowhero"
2486:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 134.
2012:– via Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
526:
On 10 April 1860, three weeks after the start of the
266:, and wield some power over these, especially within
2266:"Māori King movement origins: Pōtatau Te Wherowhero"
1600:
Coat of arms of the Kīngitanga – Te Paki-o-Matariki
1473:
Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
27:
Shared monarchy of numerous Māori iwi of New Zealand
3868:
3800:
3765:
3698:
3608:
3550:
3470:
3403:
3008:
3006:
2624:. Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
1459:
Korokī Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
177:
166:
158:
148:
135:
114:
109:
105:
74:
34:
2224:. Auckland: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 31–34.
2157:"Māori King movement origins: In search of a king"
1368:Hera Ngāpora, Rangiaho Taimana, Aotea Te Paratene
859:. Te Puea built up facilities at the Mangatawhiri
587:in 1861. He said Waikato iwi had never signed the
233:of the British colonists, as a way of halting the
2804:"How the next Māori King or Queen will be chosen"
2514:. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage.
977:Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire
2581:
2579:
2544:"Te Peeke o Aotearoa – The Bank of King Tawhiao"
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
1351:Tūkaroto Matutaera Pōtatau Te Wherowhero Tāwhiao
2671:(1st supplement). 30 December 1969. p. 42.
2407:. Sydney: Sydney University Press. p. 148.
2293:
2291:
2450:"Māori King movement 1860–94: Response to war"
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
608:and the Waikato take an oath of allegiance to
298:and thus provide a way for Māori to deal with
3370:
3282:
2797:
2795:
2200:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2127:"Māori King movement origins: The land issue"
1834:as well as the "first circle" of supporters,
1041:King Tuheitia's daughter and youngest child,
669:From the 1870s the Government—keen to push a
371:Around 1853 Māori revived the ancient tribal
8:
3099:Royal, Te Ahukaramū Charles (1 March 2017).
2646:"New Year Honours List" (15 January 1970) 1
2508:"Māori King movement 1860–94: Tensions ease"
1423:Te Rata Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
282:. The headquarters for the King movement is
3297:
2859:"PM not bowing to pressure over Maori King"
2035:Ka Whawhai Tonu Matou: Struggle Without End
1785:
1721:
1698:
1665:is a double spiral, Kōpū, representing the
1646:
1626:
1282:
1267:
399:
391:
385:
299:
261:
214:
196:
127:
118:
60:
44:
3377:
3363:
3355:
3289:
3275:
3267:
2680:
2678:
2260:
2258:
2252:(Stuttgart: 1867); pg. 456, cited in King.
2096:
2094:
2092:
2090:
2088:
1855:An analogous situation is the position of
1605:
1598:
1569:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
1099:, the executive board of the Kauhanganui.
963:Te Atairangikaahu, daughter of Māori King
31:
3595:Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements
2537:
2535:
2533:
2416:
2414:
2405:War and Politics in New Zealand 1855–1870
2079:War and Politics in New Zealand 1855–1870
1900:"Te Wiki o Te Reo Maaori Discovery Trail"
3163:Te Paki-o-Matariki Lecture by Rahui Papa
2955:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2925:Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
1985:
1983:
1904:Waikato Museum Te Whare Taonga o Waikato
1234:
654:
563:
346:
330:
3109:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2865:. Auckland. 2 June 2011. Archived from
2428:. Auckland: Penguin. pp. 119–125.
1891:
1777:
759:Ngāti Maniapoto from the King Country.
2622:Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand
2587:"Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero"
1992:"Māori King – Election and Coronation"
1957:
1955:
1599:
446:and a major meeting was organised for
3193:"Ngā mihi manahau o te tau hou Māori"
3080:from the original on 2 September 2024
2802:McConnell, Glenn (4 September 2024).
1195:Abigail Kinoiki Kekaulike Kawānanakoa
883:With New Zealand already involved in
237:of Māori land. The first Māori king,
7:
2991:from the original on 5 December 2023
2696:from the original on 17 October 2017
2628:from the original on 22 October 2013
2564:from the original on 21 October 2013
1964:Bateman New Zealand Historical Atlas
1715:, representing housing and clothing.
1387:Mahuta Tāwhiao Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
906:was held there on 25 December 1921.
689:He travelled to London in 1884 with
3929:1850s establishments in New Zealand
2981:"King bestows Order of the Taniwha"
2961:from the original on 11 August 2019
2747:Kerr, Florence (5 September 2024).
2728:from the original on 30 August 2024
2686:"Maori King creates honours system"
2616:Ballara, Angela (30 October 2012).
2518:from the original on 11 August 2019
2460:from the original on 11 August 2019
2004:from the original on 10 August 2019
1031:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō (2024–present)
1017:
571:, the second Māori king (1860–1894)
213:that arose among some of the Māori
3394:Indigenous people of New Zealand (
3024:from the original on 12 April 2024
2829:"Executive body of Te Kauhanganui"
2372:The Penguin history of New Zealand
2081:. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
2037:. Auckland: Penguin. p. 126.
686:, explaining, "This means peace."
530:, deputations from west coast iwi
523:their fathers had won in battle."
25:
3115:from the original on 29 June 2024
2374:. Auckland, N.Z.: Penguin Books.
3878:Influence on New Zealand English
3203:from the original on 3 July 2024
2985:Waatea News: Māori Radio Station
2931:from the original on 29 May 2019
2901:from the original on 4 June 2011
2835:. Waikato Tainui. Archived from
2309:from the original on 7 June 2019
2276:from the original on 7 June 2019
2167:from the original on 7 June 2019
2137:from the original on 7 June 2019
1940:from the original on 27 May 2022
1910:from the original on 3 July 2022
1561:
1525:
1487:
1451:
1415:
1379:
1343:
1304:
971:Te Atairangikaahu was the first
471:subsequently, to fight for it."
80:
54:
3253:Tangata Whenua: Waikato episode
1997:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
1365:Tūkaroto Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
249:and crowned in September 2024.
3565:Minister for Māori Development
2551:New Zealand Journal of History
1755:New Zealand land confiscations
1625:, and has been given the name
1533:Tūheitia Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
1238:
1212:. Notable recipients include:
1133:A coronation celebration, the
855:(assembly) at Rukumoana, near
709:, a Kīngitanga parliament, at
310:, leading in turn to the 1863
1:
2542:Park, Stuart (October 1992).
1767:(the Kīngitanga's parliament)
1631:meaning "the fine weather of
1332:, Waiata, Raharaha, Ngāwaero
945:Te Atairangikaahu (1966–2006)
636:prophet and guerrilla leader
3435:United Tribes of New Zealand
1994:. In McLintock, A.H. (ed.).
1557:
1521:
1483:
1447:
1411:
1375:
1339:
1300:
941:Ngāruawāhia on 18 May 1966.
774:and Native Affairs Minister
343:as Māori King, drawn in 1863
3985:
3883:Language immersion schools
2512:New Zealand History Online
2454:New Zealand History Online
2303:New Zealand History Online
2270:New Zealand History Online
2161:New Zealand History Online
2131:New Zealand History Online
1810:Michael King's account in
1583:Nga wai hono i te po Paki
1476:Te Atairangikaahu Hērangi
1082:The Kīngitanga has been a
1034:
986:
948:
920:
902:at Ngāruawāhia. The first
827:
824:Te Rata Mahuta (1912–1933)
743:
557:
462:surveyor and a newspaper,
450:in April to deal with it.
412:
278:, and the largest of all,
3888:Māori Language Commission
3392:
3304:
3141:. Te Aka Māori Dictionary
2889:"Tuheitia new Maori king"
2246:Ferdinand von Hochstetter
1693:On the dexter side are a
1621:during the reign of King
1275:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1245:
1242:
1237:
1197:, in 2014 (Supreme Class)
1186:, in 2023 (Supreme Class)
959:Te Atairangikaahu in 1975
917:Koroki Mahuta (1933–1966)
392:
386:
262:
215:
101:
88:
79:
53:
42:
2103:A History of New Zealand
2101:Sinclair, Keith (2000).
1990:Foster, Bernard (1966).
671:north–south railway link
3954:Monarchy of New Zealand
1750:Invasion of the Waikato
1745:Flags of the Kīngitanga
1509:Pikimene Korokī Mahuta
1203:, in 2023 (First Class)
893:1918 influenza epidemic
390:(tribes), and used the
339:on the proclamation of
312:invasion of the Waikato
3898:Te Wiki o te Reo Māori
3893:Māori language revival
3462:Māori protest movement
3413:Māori migration canoes
3228:The New Zealand Herald
2894:The New Zealand Herald
1786:
1722:
1699:
1647:
1627:
1283:
1268:
1231:List of Māori monarchs
1173:
1137:, is held annually at
1009:
960:
932:
755:
666:
572:
507:
427:
423:The first Māori King,
400:
352:
344:
300:
254:New Zealand government
197:
128:
119:
97:since 5 September 2024
61:
45:
3829:Representative teams
3309:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
3168:University of Waikato
3139:maoridictionary.co.nz
3135:"Paki o Matariki, Te"
2403:Dalton, B.J. (1967).
2077:Dalton, B.J. (1967).
1667:creation of the world
1312:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
1171:
1090:, the Kīngitanga and
1067:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
996:
969:New Year Honours 1970
958:
930:
753:
658:
567:
497:
425:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
422:
415:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
409:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
378:Tamihana Te Rauparaha
350:
341:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
334:
239:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
153:Pōtatau Te Wherowhero
3959:1850s in New Zealand
3344:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō
3101:"Te Paki-o-Matariki"
2426:The New Zealand Wars
2222:Te Puea: A Biography
1869:House of Wittelsbach
1760:Pei te Hurinui Jones
1043:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō
1037:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō
1018:Māori Honours System
983:Tūheitia (2006–2024)
834:Mahuta's eldest son
335:The flag hoisted at
243:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō
92:Ngā Wai Hono i te Pō
3969:Māori King movement
3600:Tino rangatiratanga
3580:Māori King movement
2649:New Zealand Gazette
2329:"Vincent O'Malley,
1723:Ko te Mana Motuhake
1601:
1006:King of New Zealand
780:Legislative Council
594:invasion of Waikato
284:Tūrangawaewae Marae
192:Māori King movement
3655:Polynesian culture
3643:Ghosts and spirits
3457:Land confiscations
3440:Treaty of Waitangi
2987:. 21 August 2014.
2897:. 21 August 2006.
2839:on 6 February 2013
2724:. 30 August 2024.
2692:. 21 August 2014.
2668:The London Gazette
2597:on 7 November 2016
2345:on 3 February 2017
1966:. 1997. plate 36.
1857:Holy Roman Emperor
1728:spiritual prestige
1628:Te Paki-o-Matariki
1174:
1010:
975:to be appointed a
961:
933:
756:
720:Hāmiora Mangakāhia
667:
662:Te Paki o Matariki
589:Treaty of Waitangi
585:First Taranaki War
573:
515:chief and warlord
508:
488:Thomas Gore Browne
428:
353:
345:
149:First monarch
137:Heir apparent
62:Te Paki-o-Matariki
3916:
3915:
3575:Māori electorates
3352:
3351:
3334:Te Atairangikaahu
2690:Radio New Zealand
2591:NZ History Online
2244:German geologist
1877:House of Lorraine
1861:House of Habsburg
1736:
1735:
1592:
1591:
1577:5 September 2024
1574:
1538:
1500:
1495:Te Atairangikaahu
1464:
1431:24 November 1912
1428:
1392:
1356:
1317:
1287:
1272:
1254:
1208:The Order of the
951:Te Atairangikaahu
554:Matutaera Tāwhiao
548:Matutaera Tāwhiao
438:, a chief of the
188:
187:
184:of the Kīngitanga
69:of the Kīngitanga
16:(Redirected from
3976:
3903:Māori Television
3445:New Zealand Wars
3379:
3372:
3365:
3356:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3268:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3219:
3213:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3197:www.facebook.com
3191:(27 June 2016).
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3074:www.facebook.com
3068:(14 July 2020).
3062:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3010:
3001:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2977:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2957:. 20 June 2012.
2947:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2936:
2927:. 20 June 2012.
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2874:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2825:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2799:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2780:. 16 August 2006
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2712:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2682:
2673:
2672:
2659:
2653:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2613:
2607:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2563:
2548:
2539:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2484:Redemption Songs
2476:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2344:
2338:. Archived from
2337:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2262:
2253:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2214:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2098:
2083:
2082:
2074:
2049:
2048:
2031:Walker, Ranginui
2027:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1896:
1880:
1853:
1847:
1830:, Whanganui and
1808:
1802:
1790:. The preferred
1789:
1782:
1725:
1702:
1650:
1630:
1609:
1602:
1572:
1565:
1536:
1529:
1498:
1491:
1462:
1455:
1426:
1419:
1398:9 November 1912
1390:
1383:
1354:
1347:
1315:
1308:
1288:
1286:
1281:
1273:
1271:
1266:
1252:
1250:
1240:
1235:
1104:paramount chiefs
815:general election
695:Wiremu Te Wheoro
578:New Zealand Wars
403:
397:
396:
389:
388:
308:British monarchy
305:
265:
264:
220:
219:
200:
131:
124:
94:
84:
64:
58:
49:
48:
38:
32:
21:
3984:
3983:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3908:Planetary names
3864:
3848:1888–89 Natives
3796:
3761:
3694:
3604:
3546:
3466:
3399:
3388:
3383:
3353:
3348:
3300:
3295:
3249:
3244:
3234:
3232:
3221:
3220:
3216:
3206:
3204:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3144:
3142:
3133:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3098:
3097:
3093:
3083:
3081:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3048:
3041:
3037:
3027:
3025:
3012:
3011:
3004:
2994:
2992:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2949:
2948:
2944:
2934:
2932:
2919:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2872:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2842:
2840:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2812:
2810:
2808:www.stuff.co.nz
2801:
2800:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2714:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2697:
2684:
2683:
2676:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2645:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2600:
2598:
2585:
2584:
2577:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2546:
2541:
2540:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2463:
2461:
2448:
2447:
2443:
2436:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2402:
2401:
2397:
2382:
2366:
2365:
2361:
2348:
2346:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2297:
2296:
2289:
2279:
2277:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2216:
2215:
2180:
2170:
2168:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2113:
2100:
2099:
2086:
2076:
2075:
2052:
2045:
2029:
2028:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1962:"Mana Whenua".
1961:
1960:
1953:
1943:
1941:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1911:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1883:
1854:
1850:
1824:Ngāti Kahungunu
1809:
1805:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1765:Te Whakakitenga
1741:
1597:
1571:
1544:30 August 2024
1541:21 August 2006
1535:
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1506:15 August 2006
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3855:Sportspeople
3838:Rugby league
3775:Conservation
3757:Wood carving
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3257:NZ On Screen
3233:. Retrieved
3226:
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3205:. Retrieved
3199:. Facebook.
3196:
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2867:the original
2863:TVNZ/Fairfax
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1995:
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1942:. Retrieved
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1930:"Governance"
1924:
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1903:
1894:
1851:
1844:Tainui canoe
1818:, Te Arawa,
1811:
1806:
1780:
1705:orchid tuber
1595:Coat of arms
1573:1997–present
1503:23 May 1966
1470:18 May 1966
1427:c. 1878–1933
1355:c. 1822–1894
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316:King Country
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227:North Island
221:(tribes) of
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191:
189:
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67:Coat of arms
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3964:Ngāruawāhia
3843:Rugby union
3730:Instruments
3430:Musket Wars
3261:Adobe Flash
3235:6 September
3189:Kiingitanga
3173:7 September
3145:5 September
3066:Kiingitanga
3028:1 September
2995:1 September
2833:Te Arataura
2813:4 September
2758:5 September
2732:5 September
2700:2 September
2663:"No. 45001"
1865:Charles VII
1820:Ngāti Porou
1792:orthography
1787:Kiingitanga
1730:set apart")
1690:Compartment
1550:Te Atawhai
1284:Kāhui Ariki
1269:Makau Ariki
1260:Birth name
1248:Regnal name
1222:Koro Wētere
1184:Charles III
1143:Ngāruawāhia
1135:Koroneihana
1097:Te Arataura
1088:Kauhanganui
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1002:Charles III
885:World War I
853:kauhanganui
811:Maui Pomare
790:epidemics,
707:Kauhanganui
598:George Grey
456:Ngāruawāhia
401:kotahitanga
337:Ngāruawāhia
288:Ngāruawāhia
276:Ngāti Porou
260:of several
223:New Zealand
121:Te Arikinui
3923:Categories
3792:Navigation
3675:Taha Māori
2632:21 October
2568:16 October
2381:0143018671
2349:3 February
2250:Neuseeland
1887:References
1709:nīkau palm
1672:Supporters
1658:Escutcheon
1440:Te Uranga
1320:June 1858
1059:Kīngitanga
1053:Succession
877:Queen Mary
844:rheumatism
766:, for the
716:Heretaunga
711:Maungakawa
536:Ngā Ruanui
532:Te Āti Awa
440:Ngāti Hauā
327:Background
245:, who was
235:alienation
198:Kīngitanga
18:Kingitanga
3825:Mau rākau
3815:Kī-o-rahi
3747:Tattooing
3708:Kapa haka
3690:Whakapapa
3633:Mythology
3488:Australia
3484:Diaspora
2965:11 August
2935:11 August
2873:2 October
2784:16 August
2778:NZ Herald
2601:11 August
2522:11 August
2464:11 August
2313:11 August
2280:11 August
2171:11 August
2141:11 August
2008:11 August
1873:Francis I
1840:Maniapoto
1832:Ngāi Tahu
1537:1955–2024
1499:1931–2006
1463:1906–1966
1404:Te Marae
1316:died 1860
1263:Spouse(s)
1243:Portrait
1224:, in 2014
1218:, in 2014
1141:marae at
1129:Practices
1119:Northland
848:arthritis
792:influenza
621:Maniapoto
486:Governor
464:Te Hokioi
448:Rangiriri
178:Appointer
167:Residence
159:Formation
126:and then
75:Incumbent
35:Queen of
3870:Language
3860:Waka ama
3780:Kaitiaki
3752:Textiles
3660:Religion
3623:Funerals
3552:Politics
3532:Religion
3396:Aotearoa
3339:Tūheitia
3201:Archived
3113:Archived
3078:Archived
3022:Archived
2989:Archived
2959:Archived
2929:Archived
2899:Archived
2726:Archived
2721:RNZ News
2694:Archived
2652:1 at 15.
2626:Archived
2559:Archived
2516:Archived
2482:(1995).
2458:Archived
2424:(1986).
2390:54853114
2370:(2003).
2307:Archived
2274:Archived
2220:(1977).
2165:Archived
2135:Archived
2033:(1990).
2002:Archived
1938:Archived
1908:Archived
1828:Taranaki
1739:See also
1685:sinister
1679:side is
1653:Pleiades
1648:Matariki
1633:Matariki
1580:present
1330:Whakaawi
1210:Taniwhaa
1014:Tūheitia
998:Tūheitia
989:Tūheitia
873:George V
869:shilling
680:Pirongia
638:Te Kooti
606:Auckland
376:convert
211:movement
143:elective
129:Te Kuīni
3833:Cricket
3820:Tapu ae
3767:Science
3742:Pounamu
3638:Deities
3618:Cuisine
3610:Culture
3472:Society
3425:Moriori
3405:History
3324:Te Rata
3314:Tāwhiao
3207:29 June
3119:29 June
3084:29 June
3018:Newshub
1836:Waikato
1816:Ngāpuhi
1812:Te Puea
1794:of the
1675:On the
1623:Tāwhiao
1008:in 2023
836:Te Rata
830:Te Rata
796:measles
788:typhoid
684:fantail
634:Ringatū
629:seizure
569:Tāwhiao
560:Tāwhiao
394:rūnanga
373:runanga
322:History
280:Ngāpuhi
247:elected
231:monarch
206:, is a
110:Details
3737:Poetry
3542:Whānau
3505:Hauora
3450:Kūpapa
3329:Korokī
2905:5 July
2843:6 July
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1914:15 May
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1663:shield
1293:Start
1257:Reign
1154:poukai
1108:Tainui
1078:Powers
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911:Koroki
625:aukati
504:Tainui
366:Pākehā
302:Pākehā
268:Tainui
141:None;
3802:Sport
3785:Rāhui
3725:Music
3520:Marae
3386:Māori
3054:image
3043:image
2753:Stuff
2562:(PDF)
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2336:(PDF)
1772:Notes
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1681:Aituā
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1047:tangi
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204:Māori
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2634:2013
2603:2019
2570:2013
2524:2019
2488:ISBN
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2430:ISBN
2386:OCLC
2376:ISBN
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2010:2019
1968:ISBN
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