1065:
17:
739:
high ministers. The Crown Prince would not be given a princedom but instead lived with the
Emperor in the capital. When a prince became heir apparent, his principality merged with the realm and became extinct. The Crown Prince could be dismissed and this did indeed happen several times in the Han dynasty.
738:
The Crown Prince in the Han dynasty was the heir apparent to the throne. The Crown Prince was normally the eldest son of the
Emperor and the Empress, but not always. The power to nominate the Crown Prince lay with the throne, although the Emperor generally had to obtain the advice or consent of his
121:
in 154 BC, their independence was curtailed. Eventually they lost most of their autonomy. For this reason, the title is also translated as "prince" when referring to later kings of the dynasty, to reflect both their link to the ruling house and the vestigial nature of the former vassal kingdoms.
216:. As these kingdoms proved unruly, Liu Bang gradually subdued them through conspiracies, wars, and political maneuvering. Many were thus deposed and their kingdoms annexed by Han. As he was dying, the emperor ordered his ministers to swear an oath that only members of the royal house of
416:, sons, brothers, or descendants of the Han emperors. The Han emperors initially felt that creating these kingdoms would strengthen the house, particularly against the other kings. However, these princes became even more dangerous, as they were eligible to succeed the throne.
435:
reformed the principalities, reducing them to single prefectures and granting superior authority to prime ministers appointed by the central government. The institution continued until the very end of the dynasty, however.
1064:
204:
and established the new Han dynasty. The kings who had sided with him were then permitted to maintain their titles and lands. A few other kingdoms were also formed by Liu Bang for generals and favorites.
1487:
1243:
113:
represented an obvious threat to the Han empire, and Liu Bang and his successors suppressed them as quickly as was practical: they had disappeared by 157 BC. The
1898:
1666:
1142:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1923:
903:
1918:
1872:
1480:
1425:
1303:
224:, who established several kingdoms with her own relatives as kings. They were destroyed after her death. The last king of the Western Han was Wu Zhu,
1073:
1032:
978:
1252:
168:, many noblemen rose in rebellion. Heirs, pretenders, and warlords called themselves "kings" and claimed sovereignty as continuations of the
2039:
1822:
1807:
1794:
1759:
1557:
1473:
1214:
1007:
1248:
1209:
997:
2044:
2029:
1827:
1716:
1258:
1817:
896:
1404:
267:(general and commander-in-chief of the imperial Han army, rewarded with kingship, demoted to marquis in 201 BC and replaced by
2003:
1965:
1948:
1699:
1221:
1092:
428:
1983:
1913:
1857:
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1113:
1037:
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118:
1903:
1661:
982:
1186:
889:
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1742:
1550:
1268:
1131:
959:
921:
849:
157:
1960:
1656:
949:
1585:
1540:
971:
966:
933:
44:, he followed the practice of Xiang Yu and enfeoffed many generals, noblemen, and imperial relatives as kings (
257:
1783:
1281:
1042:
929:
225:
2034:
1047:
987:
939:
864:
579:
229:
721:
704:
663:
631:
589:
335:
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1231:
1199:
1119:
1106:
716:
636:
559:
537:
465:
692:
680:
646:
594:
564:
542:
370:
228:, who died without an heir in 157 BC. After that, there were no kings outside the royal clan until the
221:
599:
584:
2024:
1381:
1293:
1136:
1052:
992:
836:
752:
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621:
348:
307:
193:
169:
954:
470:
1867:
1852:
1646:
1341:
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832:
822:
812:
798:
782:
772:
574:
420:
1975:
1518:
762:
658:
604:
569:
527:
459:
213:
201:
165:
375:
360:
281:(son of independent rebel who surrendered to Han, demoted to marquis in 199 BC and replaced by
252:(independent rebel who surrendered to Han, rebelled in 202 BC but was defeated and replaced by
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1862:
1812:
1621:
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1513:
1346:
869:
802:
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419:
Several rebellions were attempted by these powerful princes during the reigns of the emperors
268:
181:
16:
78:. Each king had his own semi-autonomous kingdom. This was a departure from the policy of the
1611:
1595:
1535:
1505:
1418:
1204:
854:
828:
808:
778:
641:
532:
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387:
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131:
63:
45:
212:
independent and held considerable power within their territories, which could span several
1882:
1453:
1432:
1371:
818:
788:
758:
609:
512:
490:
327:
37:
1772:
1767:
1709:
1641:
1523:
1497:
1411:
1226:
547:
75:
334:(Chu general who defected to Han, rebelled in 197 BC but was defeated and replaced by
2018:
1847:
1545:
1439:
502:
485:
413:
288:
217:
67:
310:
nobility promised kingship by Gaozu, rebelled in 200 BC and allied himself with the
1928:
1777:
1446:
1018:
295:(Han general rewarded with kingship, demoted to commoner in 196 BC and replaced by
274:
197:
71:
220:
would be created as kings thenceforth. This injunction was violated by his widow,
1953:
1737:
1616:
1562:
1351:
1165:
1099:
1013:
912:
245:
189:
177:
173:
161:
79:
41:
21:
1465:
1908:
1366:
1361:
1160:
303:
82:, which divided China into commanderies governed by non-hereditary governors.
1651:
1636:
1321:
1288:
1155:
1125:
1086:
451:
256:, a Han general, who also plotted rebellion and was replaced in 195 BC by
1747:
1732:
1356:
1316:
1194:
1149:
1027:
875:
480:
455:
296:
292:
282:
278:
185:
33:
29:
1390:
1331:
1311:
365:
331:
311:
264:
249:
233:
398:
395:
392:
142:
139:
136:
1631:
1397:
1336:
1326:
1081:
881:
403:
321:
253:
147:
53:
93:, literally "kings of the same surname", i.e., the imperial surname
1671:
1022:
733:
1676:
1469:
885:
208:
Although nominally under the rule of the Han, these kings were
94:
117:
were originally left to their own devices but, after the
1974:
1941:
1891:
1840:
1793:
1758:
1725:
1687:
1604:
1578:
1504:
1447:
1380:
1302:
1267:
1181:
1072:
920:
180:was the most powerful. However, its rightful ruler
785:, originally Prince of Jiaodong, later Emperor Wu
192:Xiang had formed rose in rebellion against him.
1419:Essential Prescriptions from the Golden Cabinet
105:being created on former territories of removed
89:, literally "kings of different surnames", and
184:was assassinated on the orders of the warlord
1899:Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers
1481:
1143:Luxuriant Dew of the Spring and Autumn Annals
897:
8:
835:, originally Prince of Dingtao, adopted by
1888:
1755:
1488:
1474:
1466:
904:
890:
882:
1873:Grand coordinator and provincial governor
1426:The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art
85:The kings were divided into two groups:
15:
1033:Disasters of the Partisan Prohibitions
236:styled himself King of Wei in AD 216.
775:, later demoted to Prince of Linjiang
355:Established by the Empress Dowager Lü
7:
1008:Second Chinese domination of Vietnam
1249:Protectorate of the Western Regions
998:First Chinese domination of Vietnam
74:dynasties and by the rulers of the
14:
386:The "kings of the same surname" (
24:in 195 BC and its vassal kingdoms
1259:Translation of government titles
1063:
324:(independent rebel, died 202 BC)
130:The kings from other dynasties (
97:. All of the initial kings were
1405:Book on Numbers and Computation
66:borne by the sovereigns of the
1700:Three Lords and Nine Ministers
1222:Three Lords and Nine Ministers
1093:Records of the Grand Historian
429:Rebellion of the Seven Princes
408:
156:) were mostly remnants of the
152:
58:
1:
1914:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
1114:Records of the Three Kingdoms
1038:Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
945:Rebellion of the Seven States
119:Rebellion of the Seven States
687:Established by Emperor Cheng
306:(Han general descended from
2040:Kingdoms of the Han dynasty
860:Princes of the Ming dynasty
711:Established by Emperor Ping
675:Established by Emperor Yuan
653:Established by Emperor Xuan
554:Established by Emperor Jing
2061:
1743:Bureau of Military Affairs
1667:Territorial administration
1551:Heirloom Seal of the Realm
1244:Provinces and commanderies
1132:Eight Immortals of Huainan
960:War of the Heavenly Horses
850:History of the Han dynasty
731:
497:Established by Emperor Wen
38:proclaimed himself emperor
2045:Lists of leaders of China
2030:Lists of Chinese monarchs
1961:Embroidered Uniform Guard
1061:
950:Han dynasty in Inner Asia
699:Established by Emperor Ai
616:Established by Emperor Wu
391:
172:previously suppressed by
135:
49:
1924:Administrative divisions
1003:Trung sisters' rebellion
967:Han conquest of Gojoseon
934:Feast at Swan Goose Gate
1784:Secretariat-Chancellery
1282:Ancient Chinese coinage
1043:Yellow Turban Rebellion
440:Established by Liu Bang
343:Established by Liu Bang
1304:Science and technology
1048:End of the Han dynasty
988:Han conquest of Nanyue
865:Ancient Chinese states
412:) were members of the
230:end of the Han dynasty
25:
1858:Imperial Commissioner
1803:Ministry of Personnel
1705:Three Ducal Ministers
1627:Imperial examinations
1591:Mandarin (bureaucrat)
1232:Three Ducal Ministers
1120:Flying Horse of Gansu
1107:Book of the Later Han
825:, later Emperor Cheng
795:, rebelled and killed
743:List of Crown Princes
226:King Jing of Changsha
19:
1966:Qing Imperial Guards
1949:Tang Imperial Guards
1294:Sino-Roman relations
1137:Mawangdui Silk Texts
1053:Battle of Red Cliffs
993:Han conquest of Dian
839:and later Emperor Ai
837:Emperor Cheng of Han
815:, later Emperor Yuan
805:, later Emperor Zhao
765:, later Emperor Jing
753:Emperor Gaozu of Han
580:Prince of Guangchuan
304:Han Xin (Xin of Han)
1868:Imperial Clan Court
1853:Remonstrance Bureau
1823:Ministry of Justice
1808:Ministry of Revenue
1662:Historical capitals
1647:Academies (Shuyuan)
1173:Eastern Han Chinese
1074:Society and culture
979:Southward expansion
940:Lü Clan disturbance
833:Emperor Yuan of Han
823:Emperor Yuan of Han
813:Emperor Xuan of Han
799:Crown Prince Fuling
783:Emperor Jing of Han
773:Emperor Jing of Han
755:, later Emperor Hui
722:Prince of Guangzong
705:Prince of Guangping
622:Prince of Guangling
590:Prince of Changshan
575:Prince of Zhongshan
508:Prince of Chengyang
271:, brother of Gaozu)
1391:Balanced Discourse
930:Chu–Han Contention
763:Emperor Wen of Han
717:Prince of Guangshi
664:Prince of Dongping
659:Prince of Huaiyang
637:Prince of Zhending
605:Prince of Shanyang
570:Prince of Changsha
560:Prince of Linjiang
538:Prince of Hengshan
528:Prince of Jiaodong
222:Empress Dowager Lü
166:Dazexiang Uprising
26:
2012:
2011:
1937:
1936:
1878:Viceroys in China
1863:Grand Secretariat
1836:
1835:
1828:Ministry of Works
1813:Ministry of Rites
1760:Three Departments
1717:Translated titles
1622:Five Directorates
1463:
1462:
972:Four Commanderies
870:Eighteen Kingdoms
803:Emperor Wu of Han
793:Emperor Wu of Han
769:Crown Prince Rong
749:Crown Prince Ying
693:Prince of Guangde
681:Prince of Dingtao
647:Prince of Pinggan
627:Prince of Changyi
595:Prince of Jichuan
565:Prince of Jiangdu
543:Prince of Lujiang
518:Prince of Zichuan
476:Prince of Huainan
382:Tongxing Kingdoms
240:Original kingdoms
2052:
1889:
1756:
1657:Tributary system
1612:Nine-rank system
1596:Scholar-official
1586:Grand Chancellor
1490:
1483:
1476:
1467:
1067:
906:
899:
892:
883:
855:Chinese nobility
829:Crown Prince Xin
809:Crown Prince Shi
779:Crown Prince Che
642:Prince of Sishui
600:Prince of Jidong
585:Prince of Qinghe
548:Prince of Hejian
533:Prince of Jiaoxi
410:
401:
164:. Following the
154:
145:
60:
51:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2049:
2015:
2014:
2013:
2008:
1970:
1942:Imperial guards
1933:
1887:
1883:Mandarin square
1832:
1818:Ministry of War
1789:
1754:
1726:Middle Imperial
1721:
1683:
1600:
1574:
1500:
1494:
1464:
1459:
1454:Zhoubi Suanjing
1433:Huangdi Neijing
1398:Book of Origins
1376:
1372:Zhang Zhongjing
1298:
1263:
1177:
1068:
1059:
955:Han–Xiongnu War
916:
910:
846:
819:Crown Prince Ao
789:Crown Prince Li
759:Crown Prince Qi
745:
736:
730:
713:
701:
689:
677:
669:Prince of Gaomi
655:
632:Prince of Lu'an
618:
610:Prince of Jiyin
556:
523:Prince of Jinan
513:Prince of Jibei
503:Prince of Liang
499:
450:Prince of Dai (
442:
384:
357:
345:
338:, son of Gaozu)
299:, son of Gaozu)
285:, son of Gaozu)
260:, son of Gaozu)
242:
176:. Among these,
128:
126:Yixing Kingdoms
12:
11:
5:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2017:
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1956:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1886:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1799:
1797:
1795:Six Ministries
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1773:Zhongshu Sheng
1770:
1768:Shangshu Sheng
1764:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1740:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1719:
1714:
1713:
1712:
1710:Nine Ministers
1707:
1697:
1691:
1689:
1688:Early Imperial
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1680:
1679:
1674:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1642:Hanlin Academy
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1543:
1533:
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1526:
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1510:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1498:Imperial China
1496:Government of
1495:
1493:
1492:
1485:
1478:
1470:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1450:
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1314:
1308:
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1296:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1261:
1256:
1253:Chief Official
1246:
1241:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1227:Nine Ministers
1219:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1189:
1179:
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1103:
1096:
1089:
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1078:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
983:Han–Minyue War
976:
975:
974:
964:
963:
962:
957:
947:
942:
937:
926:
924:
918:
917:
911:
909:
908:
901:
894:
886:
880:
879:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
845:
842:
841:
840:
831:, grandson of
826:
816:
806:
796:
786:
776:
766:
756:
744:
741:
732:Main article:
729:
726:
725:
724:
719:
712:
709:
708:
707:
700:
697:
696:
695:
688:
685:
684:
683:
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629:
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607:
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577:
572:
567:
562:
555:
552:
551:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
498:
495:
494:
493:
488:
483:
481:Prince of Zhao
478:
473:
471:Prince of Jing
468:
463:
448:
441:
438:
383:
380:
379:
378:
373:
368:
363:
356:
353:
352:
351:
344:
341:
340:
339:
325:
315:
300:
286:
272:
261:
241:
238:
127:
124:
76:Warring States
64:the same title
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2057:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:Chinese kings
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1904:Grand Council
1902:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1848:Three Bureaus
1846:
1845:
1843:
1841:Late Imperial
1839:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1785:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
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1763:
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1757:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1744:
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1734:
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1728:
1724:
1718:
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1703:
1702:
1701:
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1607:
1603:
1597:
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1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
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1581:
1577:
1571:
1568:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1546:Son of Heaven
1544:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
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1507:
1503:
1499:
1491:
1486:
1484:
1479:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1440:Shuowen Jiezi
1437:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1407:
1406:
1402:
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83:
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77:
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69:
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61:
55:
47:
43:
39:
35:
31:
23:
18:
1929:Zongli Yamen
1778:Menxia Sheng
1694:
1605:Institutions
1452:
1445:
1438:
1431:
1424:
1417:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1238:
1148:
1141:
1124:
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1105:
1098:
1091:
1019:Red Eyebrows
874:
737:
728:Crown Prince
491:Prince of Wu
466:Prince of Qi
427:. After the
418:
414:House of Liu
407:
385:
209:
207:
202:defeated Chu
160:against the
151:
129:
114:
110:
106:
102:
101:, with many
98:
90:
86:
84:
57:
27:
2025:Han dynasty
1954:Shence Army
1738:Jimi system
1617:Nine Courts
1563:Consort kin
1352:Luoxia Hong
1215:Family tree
1100:Book of Han
1014:Xin dynasty
913:Han dynasty
214:prefectures
190:18 Kingdoms
162:Qin dynasty
153:yìxìng wáng
111:yixing wang
107:yixing wang
99:yixing wang
87:yìxìng wáng
80:Qin dynasty
42:Han dynasty
22:Han dynasty
2019:Categories
1909:Lifan Yuan
1367:Zhang Heng
1362:Wang Chong
1183:Government
1161:Han poetry
433:Emperor Wu
196:, king of
170:six states
1976:Dynasties
1652:Censorate
1637:Guozijian
1342:Liu Xiang
1322:Ding Huan
1289:Silk Road
1156:Old Texts
1126:Huainanzi
1087:Sima Qian
821:, son of
811:, son of
801:, son of
791:, son of
781:, son of
771:, son of
761:, son of
751:, son of
452:Liu Zhong
371:Changshan
336:Liu Chang
158:rebellion
32:defeated
1748:Shumishi
1733:Jiedushi
1514:Monarchy
1506:Nobility
1357:Sima Tan
1317:Cai Yong
1195:Ban Chao
1187:military
1150:Yiwu Zhi
1028:Chengjia
876:Fengjian
844:See also
460:Liu Heng
456:Liu Ruyi
366:Huaiyang
318:Changsha
297:Liu Ruyi
293:Peng Yue
283:Liu Ruyi
279:Zhang Ao
269:Liu Jiao
258:Liu Jian
210:de facto
194:Liu Bang
188:and the
186:Xiang Yu
34:Xiang Yu
30:Liu Bang
1579:Offices
1558:Empress
1536:Emperor
1519:Dynasty
1412:Fangyan
1347:Liu Xin
1332:Hua Tuo
1312:Cai Lun
1277:Coinage
1269:Economy
1205:Emperor
1200:Ma Yuan
922:History
388:Chinese
332:Ying Bu
328:Huainan
312:Xiongnu
265:Han Xin
250:Zang Tu
234:Cao Cao
232:, when
182:Huai II
132:Chinese
46:Chinese
40:of the
1632:Taixue
1531:Titles
1337:Liu An
1327:Du Shi
1082:Ban Gu
915:topics
406::
404:pinyin
390::
322:Wu Rui
302:Hán –
263:Chu –
254:Lu Wan
150::
148:pinyin
134::
109:. The
56::
54:pinyin
48::
28:After
1919:Ranks
1672:Yamen
1570:Harem
1524:Cycle
1382:Texts
1239:Kings
1023:Lulin
734:Taizi
289:Liang
68:Shang
2004:Qing
1999:Yuan
1994:Liao
1989:Tang
1892:Qing
1695:King
1677:Tusi
1541:List
1210:list
1185:and
1021:and
458:and
423:and
421:Jing
275:Zhao
72:Zhou
70:and
59:wáng
36:and
20:The
1984:Han
349:Dai
308:Hán
246:Yan
218:Liu
198:Han
178:Chu
174:Qin
95:Liu
62:),
2021::
1166:Fu
454:,
431:,
425:Wu
402:;
376:Lü
361:Lu
330:–
320:–
291:–
277:–
248:–
146:;
52:;
1786:)
1782:(
1489:e
1482:t
1475:v
1255:)
1251:(
1010:)
981:(
936:)
932:(
905:e
898:t
891:v
462:)
399:王
396:姓
393:同
314:)
143:王
140:姓
137:異
50:王
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