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in 1926. History records that John I. Bellaire, owner of a
Manistique Five and Dime store, fell in love with the black hole spring when he discovered it in the thick wilderness of Michigan's Upper Peninsula in the 1920s. It was hidden in a tangle of fallen trees, and loggers used the nearby area as a
395:
A self-operated observation raft guides park visitors to vantage points overlooking the underwater features. This raft is on a cable that is pulled across the spring pool by park visitors or by a park employee. There are viewing windows where visitors can see the fast-flowing spring. Visitors can
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Bellaire saw its potential as a public recreation spot. He could have purchased the spring and adjoining property himself; however, he persuaded Frank Palms of the Palms Book Land
Company to sell the spring and 90 acres (36 ha) to the state of Michigan for $ 10. The property deed requires the
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swamp. She would then leap from an overhanging branch in an act of faith. He was to catch her from his canoe, proving his love. He then took his fragile canoe onto the lake's icy waters, looking for her. Eventually, his canoe tipped over in the endeavor. He drowned in the attempt to satisfy the
458:
Other Native
American legends tell of local parents who came to the pool seeking names for their newborn sons or daughters. They supposedly found names like Satu (darling), Kakushika (big eye), Natukoro (lovely flower), and We-shi (little fish) in the sounds of the rippling water. Still, other
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Another legend was that Native
American maidens of the area would take a drop of honey on a piece of birch bark and dip it into the spring. This would then be presented to a young chieftain that they adored making him true forever.
354:
people. Some were "The Great Water", "The Blue Sky I See", and "Bubbling Spring". Other Native
Americans called it "The Roaring", "Drum Water", and the "Sound of Thunder"—even though there is total silence coming from the spring. A
269:. The state of Michigan was granted the spring with accompanying land in 1926, under the condition that it be turned into a public park. The state has since acquired surrounding land and expanded the park considerably.
440:
vanity of his love for this Native
American maiden. It turned out that she was back at her village with other Native American maidens, laughing about his frivolous quest. The spring was then named in his memory.
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property "to be forever used as a public park, bearing the name Palms Book State Park." The State of
Michigan has since acquired adjacent land, and the park now encompasses over 300 acres (120 ha).
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Hydraulic pressure forces the groundwater to the surface. It has yet to be discovered precisely where this enormous volume of water comes from. The spring's pool bowl is similar to other
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435:. She claimed she wanted to put him through a test of love and demanded, "Prove it!" The test of his devotion was that he must set sail in his canoe on this spring lake deep in the
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In the crystal clear waters of the spring, ancient tree trunks with mineral-encrusted branches can be seen, as well as fish. Fish species commonly present in the spring are
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in underlying limestone flows 10,000 US gallons per minute (630 L/s) of spring water throughout the year at a constant temperature of 45 °F (7 °C).
420:
There are several purported Native
American legends regarding Kitch-iti-kipi. However, some sources suggest that Bellaire himself made them up to publicize the park.
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by a local inhabitant. The remnants were then placed in the individual's empty pockets and magically replaced by glittering gold at midnight that night.
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is an oval pool measuring 300 by 175 feet (91 m × 53 m) and is about 40 feet (12 m) deep with an emerald green bottom. From
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effect of ever-changing shapes and forms within the spring is caused by the clouds of sand kept in constant motion by the gushing waters.
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466:, based on the legend of the spring, was published in the United States. The author, Carole Lynn Hare, is a member of the
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431:. He told his girlfriend he loved her far more than the other dark-haired maidens dancing near his birchbark
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320:(underground stream) to nearby Indian Lake. The small spring pool was created when the top layer of
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legends say the Native
Americans had even attributed special healing powers to the spring waters.
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470:. The short book received a positive review, described as being an excellent introduction to
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or "Mirror of Heaven" as it is referred to today, was originally given that name by the
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trees growing on the banks of the spring. A small piece of the bark was ground in a
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Madison, George; Lockwood, Roger N. (October 2004). "Manistique River
Assessment".
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dissolved away and collapsed into the cave already made by the underground water.
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constructed the raft, dock, concession stand, and ranger's quarters in 2003.
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U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Kitch-iti-kipi
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is said to have many meanings in the language of the local indigenous
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823:"The Legend of Kitch-iti-kipi by Carole Lynn Hare – UP Book Review"
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and other species that move between Big Spring and Indian Lake.
509:. Detroit, Michigan. August 30, 1999. p. 19 – via
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spring is one of the major tourist attractions on Michigan's
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Spring water disturbs the gray dolomite in Kitchi iti Kipi.
769:. Howell, Michigan. June 15, 2003. p. 13 – via
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look over the side of the raft for viewing as well. The
724:DuFresne, Jim; Clifton-Thornton, Christine (1998).
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646:. St. Louis, Missouri. June 2, 2002. p. 128.
763:"'Big Spring' park gets $ 140,000 in renovations"
727:Michigan State Parks: A Complete Recreation Guide
864:Bodies of water of Schoolcraft County, Michigan
859:Protected areas of Schoolcraft County, Michigan
730:. Seattle: The Mountaineers Books. p. 9.
869:Michigan placenames of Native American origin
8:
701:. Michigan Department of Natural Resources.
697:Michigan Department of Natural Resources.
468:Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians
231:. It is also sometimes referred to as the
227:. The name means "big cold spring" in the
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16:Spring in Palms Book State Park, Michigan
549:Michigan Department of Natural Resources
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398:Michigan Department of Natural Resources
821:Volkman, Viktor R. (January 10, 2021).
767:Livingston County Daily Press and Argus
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558:from the original on December 20, 2007
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164:Location within the state of Michigan
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281:Fish among underwater tree branches
650:from the original on July 13, 2020
192:Kitch-iti-kipi (the United States)
14:
705:from the original on June 2, 2008
620:from the original on May 10, 2008
215:with short "i"s), located within
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514:
183:
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503:"A Spring with a story to tell"
447:Another legend talks about the
367:The state of Michigan acquired
699:"Palms Book State Park Detail"
261:just northwest of the city of
223:'s largest natural freshwater
1:
610:"Big Spring (Kitch-iti-kipi)"
195:Show map of the United States
464:The Legend of Kitch-iti-kipi
339:. On occasion, one may spot
541:Fisheries Special Report 31
402:Civilian Conservation Corps
62:Thompson Township, Michigan
885:
792:"Kitchitikipi: Big Spring"
796:Upper Michigan Waterfalls
142:
91:46.0041194°N 86.3820111°W
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644:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
462:In 2020, a book titled
408:Native American legends
273:Appearance and features
96:46.0041194; -86.3820111
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427:was the area's young
423:One legend goes that
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267:Palms Book State Park
265:. It is also within
217:Palms Book State Park
138:40 feet (12.2 m)
110:620 feet (190 m)
58:Palms Book State Park
827:www.upbookreview.com
474:life and mythology.
213:"KITCH-i-tee-KI-pee"
167:Show map of Michigan
854:Springs of Michigan
614:Exploring the North
416:Underwater branches
253:. It is located in
87: /
551:. pp. 65–72.
507:Detroit Free Press
418:
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259:Schoolcraft County
125:Provides water for
802:on April 15, 2008
453:mortar and pestle
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255:Thompson Township
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237:Kitch-iti-kipi,
229:Ojibwe language
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547:. Ann Arbor:
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82:86°22′55.24″W
79:46°00′14.83″N
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830:. Retrieved
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804:. Retrieved
800:the original
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749:Google Books
747:– via
741:. Retrieved
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394:
391:viewing raft
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368:
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357:kaleidoscope
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341:yellow perch
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41:
40:View of the
18:
337:brook trout
333:brown trout
129:Indian Lake
94: /
69:Coordinates
848:Categories
640:"Michigan"
478:References
329:lake trout
263:Manistique
233:Big Spring
29:Big Spring
832:April 23,
429:chieftain
346:The name
322:limestone
314:sinkholes
107:Elevation
703:Archived
654:July 14,
648:Archived
618:Archived
553:Archived
449:tamarack
307:fissures
221:Michigan
54:Location
806:May 12,
743:May 12,
709:May 12,
624:May 12,
562:May 12,
437:conifer
363:History
318:aquifer
257:within
734:
472:Ojibwe
433:wigwam
372:dump.
352:Ojibwe
241:Ojibwe
225:spring
119:Spring
44:spring
556:(PDF)
545:(PDF)
219:, is
135:Depth
834:2021
808:2008
745:2008
732:ISBN
711:2008
656:2020
626:2008
564:2008
380:Raft
335:and
115:Type
850::
825:.
794:.
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675:^
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486:^
331:,
243:.
235:.
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211:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
