187:, a town in northern Germany, which he described as "outfitted in 'high buskins, a white robe, a mask, and an enormous flax wig'". Ruprecht otherwise is described as wearing a black or brown robe with a pointed hood, and sometimes walking with a limp because of a childhood injury, or carrying a long staff and a bag of ashes, or occasionally wearing little bells on his clothes. Sometimes he rides on a white horse, and sometimes he is accompanied—by men with blackened faces dressed as old women, or by fairies.
30:
239:. If they cannot, he hits the children with his bag of ashes. In other versions of the story, Knecht Ruprecht gives naughty children gifts such as lumps of coal, sticks, and stones, while well-behaving children receive sweets from Saint Nicholas. He is also reported to give naughty children a switch (stick) in their shoes for their parents to hit them with, instead of sweets, fruit and nuts, in the German tradition.
2385:
20:
600:
250:
in
Austria, the Knecht Ruprecht character functions as Saint Nicholas' assistant, rather than as the primary actor in the early December rituals; keeping a watchful eye on the benevolent saint during his journey. Both are, in turn, accompanied in these regions by an assortment of terrifying horned,
2443:
52:
255:, who seek out and terrorize misbehaving children identified by Saint Nicholas for punishment. The worst offenders are said to be whipped with birch switches, and sometimes stuffed in a
1636:
109:
or the countries that it influenced culturally. These characters act as a foil to the benevolent
Christmas gift-bringer, threatening to thrash or abduct disobedient children.
1631:
521:
202:, the characters representative of country nobility and peasantry respectively." Tille also states that Knecht Ruprecht originally had no connection with Christmastime.
194:, Knecht Ruprecht originally represented an archetypal manservant, "and has exactly as much individuality of social rank and as little personal individuality as the
1587:
228:
whom we in
Germany call Knecht Ruprecht and exhibit to children at Christmas...". According to some stories, Ruprecht began as a farmhand; in others, he is a wild
399:
1973:
1334:
1232:
1063:
2423:
1567:
89:, and Der Weihnachtsmann but is virtually unknown outside the country. He first appears in written sources in the 17th century, as a figure in a
3520:
1962:
1769:
1843:
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1572:
1287:
632:
1641:
1430:
1001:
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1903:
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Northern mythology: comprising the principal popular traditions and superstitions of
Scandinavia, north Germany, and the Netherlands
371:
1818:
525:
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909:
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1668:
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755:
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1823:
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According to tradition, Knecht
Ruprecht asks children whether they can pray. If they can, they receive apples, nuts and
102:
74:
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3412:
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features Knecht
Ruprecht as the titular subject of one of the miniature piano pieces in his collection for children,
546:
3170:
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735:
604:
127:) which could be either benevolent or malicious, but whose mischievous side was emphasized after Christianization.
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1979:
1968:
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654:
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3072:
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1177:
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364:
Santa Claus, Last of the Wild Men: The
Origins and Evolution of Saint Nicholas, Spanning 50,000 Years
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3289:
2949:
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1933:
1908:
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are a group of closely related figures who accompany Saint
Nicholas in territories formerly in the
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2008:
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2018:
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780:
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175:. Knecht Ruprecht first appears in written sources in the 17th century, as a figure in a
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1008:
343:
Santa Claus
Worldwide: A History of St. Nicholas and Other Holiday Gift-Bringers
316:
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152:
110:
86:
242:
In related folk traditions more closely associated with certain regions in the
3135:
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1918:
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1105:
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1038:
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929:
894:
884:
661:
572:
Mention of the name "Knecht
Ruprecht" in a German "The Simpsons" episode guide
417:
Santa Claus, last of the Wild Men: the origins and evolution of Saint Nicholas
311:
136:
135:
Knecht Ruprecht is Saint Nicholas' most familiar attendant in Germany. In the
19:
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2725:
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2124:
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1018:
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81:
of Germany. He is the most popular gift-bringing character in Germany after
2169:
1341:
599:
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3009:
2942:
2907:
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2669:
2662:
2606:
2522:
2515:
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2149:
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1420:
1374:
1115:
969:
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863:
247:
78:
3079:
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2613:
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939:
879:
745:
321:
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160:
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2257:
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1883:
1761:
1257:
1227:
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959:
740:
298:
television show, the family dog is named Knecht Ruprecht rather than
208:
120:
3037:
2914:
2571:
2401:
2099:
785:
213:
28:
18:
119:) associated this character with the pre-Christian house spirit (
2321:
1985:
703:
2405:
614:
124:
610:
183:
encountered a Knecht Ruprecht character in a 1798 visit to
259:
sack and thrown into an icy river for their bad deeds.
482:
Yule and Christmas: their place in the Germanic year
246:, particularly the snowy villages south and west of
3443:
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2973:
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2314:
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2204:
2183:
2062:
2007:
1994:
1792:
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1429:
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860:
714:
16:A companion of Saint Nicholas in Germanic folklore
33:Knecht Ruprecht (on the left) and Saint Nicholas
522:"Devils and maidens: Austria's Krampus parades"
2417:
626:
500:. Creative Media Partners, LLC. p. 504.
8:
284:, wrote the poem "Knecht Ruprecht" in 1862.
232:whom Saint Nicholas raises from childhood.
2424:
2410:
2402:
2004:
633:
619:
611:
357:
355:
353:
393:
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
476:
474:
332:
1963:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
44:
7:
524:. Travel.ninemsn.com. Archived from
497:Jacob Grimm Teutonic Mythology Vol 2
14:
251:goat-like creatures known as the
3143:Johann Peter Petri (Black Peter)
2384:
2383:
1839:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
1734:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
598:
23:Illustration of Knecht Ruprecht
1819:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
1748:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
1131:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
910:Legend of the Christmas Spider
151:("The Holy Christ"), while in
147:, but is also referred to as
139:, Knecht Ruprecht is known as
1:
1770:Christmas television specials
1669:The New Oxford Book of Carols
756:Annunciation to the shepherds
3521:Companions of Saint Nicholas
2551:Companions of Saint Nicholas
1824:Christmas and holiday season
444:Nissenbaum, Stephen (2010).
212:) was a common name for the
103:companions of Saint Nicholas
3413:Hirschsprung (Black Forest)
551:, Llewellyn Worldwide, 2013
75:companion of Saint Nicholas
3539:
3491:German legendary creatures
3481:17th-century introductions
3385:Volksmärchen der Deutschen
3220:Peter Nikoll (Black Peter)
736:Adoration of the Shepherds
549:The Old Magic of Christmas
280:German poet and novelist,
46:[ˌknɛçtˈʁuː.pʁɛçt]
2444:German-speaking countries
2439:
2379:
1980:WWE Tribute to the Troops
1741:A Visit from St. Nicholas
1662:The Oxford Book of Carols
1238:Feast of the Seven Fishes
801:Massacre of the Innocents
650:
421:Jefferson, North Carolina
415:Siefker, Phyllis (1997).
404:. Vol. 3. E. Lumley.
398:Thorpe, Benjamin (1852).
362:Siefker, Phyllis (1997).
292:In the German version of
159:(Rough Nicholas). In the
3017:Christman Genipperteinga
1782:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
447:The Battle for Christmas
206:(one of German forms of
3363:Legends and fairy tales
3171:Kunigunde von Orlamünde
3129:Heinrich von Winkelried
1944:Small Business Saturday
1814:Black Friday (shopping)
1809:Black Friday (partying)
1303:Nine Lessons and Carols
1233:Events and celebrations
569:Groening, Matt (2001).
263:In music and literature
181:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
3248:Rüdiger von Bechelaren
3031:Eppelein von Gailingen
1588:Post-War United States
179:Christmas procession.
93:Christmas procession.
34:
24:
3420:Venusberg (mythology)
3227:Pied Piper of Hamelin
3073:Götz von Berlichingen
2989:Arnold von Winkelried
1637:Hit singles in the US
1632:Hit singles in the UK
1193:Carols by Candlelight
1121:Santa Claus' daughter
729:Adoration of the Magi
494:Grimm, Jacob (1883).
484:(D. Nutt, 1899), 116.
300:Santa's Little Helper
42:German pronunciation:
32:
22:
3516:Christmas characters
3311:Walram of Thierstein
3185:Matthias Klostermayr
3066:Giselher of Burgundy
3059:Genevieve of Brabant
3045:Frederick Barbarossa
1929:Santa's Candy Castle
1253:Google Santa Tracker
607:at Wikimedia Commons
423:: McFarland and Co.
77:as described in the
3371:Grimms' Fairy Tales
3318:Walter of Aquitaine
3290:The Smith of Kochel
1934:Santa Claus Village
1849:Christmas Mountains
1755:Journey of the Magi
761:Baptism of the Lord
450:. Knopf Doubleday.
274:Album for the Young
116:Deutsche Mythologie
3511:Fictional servants
3486:Christian folklore
3325:Werner Stauffacher
3241:Punker of Rohrbach
3157:Knight of the Swan
2044:Twelve-dish supper
1894:Jews and Christmas
1844:Christmas Lectures
1573:American Civil War
1308:NORAD Tracks Santa
684:Saint Nicholas Day
528:on 8 February 2013
288:In popular culture
167:, he was known as
131:Various traditions
35:
25:
3468:
3467:
3353:Xaver Hohenleiter
3297:Till Eulenspiegel
3164:Konrad Baumgarten
3150:Klaus Störtebeker
3024:Dietrich von Bern
2642:Feuermann (ghost)
2399:
2398:
2375:
2374:
2039:Thirteen desserts
1959:Virginia O'Hanlon
1804:Advent Conspiracy
1718:Films (Christmas,
1710:A Christmas Carol
1655:Carols for Choirs
1198:Cavalcade of Magi
1178:Boar's Head Feast
847:Star of Bethlehem
818:Nativity of Jesus
806:flight into Egypt
691:St. Stephen's Day
603:Media related to
547:Raedisch, Linda.
480:Alexander Tille,
224:is the same home-
107:Holy Roman Empire
3528:
3461:
3454:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3394:
3387:
3380:
3373:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3320:
3313:
3306:
3304:Volker von Alzey
3299:
3292:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3206:Otto the Younger
3201:
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3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3152:
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3124:
3117:
3110:
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3096:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
3003:Baron Munchausen
2998:
2991:
2984:
2982:Albrecht Gessler
2966:
2959:
2952:
2950:Will-o'-the-wisp
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2854:
2847:
2840:
2833:
2831:Nixie (folklore)
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2749:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2712:Jack o' the bowl
2707:
2700:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2581:
2579:Dwarf (folklore)
2574:
2567:
2565:Drak (mythology)
2560:
2553:
2546:
2539:
2532:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2403:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2222:Redcurrant sauce
2011:
2005:
2000:
1974:Winter festivals
1724:Christmas horror
1691:
1602:
1433:
1288:Meals and feasts
1208:Christmas jumper
1155:
1126:Santa's reindeer
1078:
1024:Father Christmas
988:
945:Santa's workshop
866:
828:in later culture
706:
699:
692:
685:
678:
671:
664:
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644:
635:
628:
621:
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441:
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412:
406:
405:
395:
378:
377:
359:
348:
347:
337:
277:, Op 68 (1848).
267:German composer
222:Robin Goodfellow
216:in Germany, and
56:
55:
54:
48:
43:
3538:
3537:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3506:German folklore
3501:Alpine folklore
3496:Santa's helpers
3471:
3470:
3469:
3464:
3457:
3452:German folklore
3450:
3439:
3434:Walpurgis Night
3432:
3425:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
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3351:
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3295:
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3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3122:Hans von Trotha
3120:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3078:
3071:
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2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2789:Mare (folklore)
2787:
2780:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2747:Knecht Ruprecht
2745:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2682:
2677:Heinzelmännchen
2675:
2668:
2661:
2654:
2647:
2640:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2556:
2549:
2542:
2535:
2530:Buschgroßmutter
2528:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2493:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2458:
2447:
2435:
2433:German folklore
2430:
2400:
2395:
2389:
2371:
2337:Pickled herring
2310:
2279:
2226:
2217:Cranberry sauce
2200:
2179:
2155:Red velvet cake
2140:Poppy seed roll
2058:
2009:
1998:
1996:
1990:
1969:White Christmas
1859:Christmas truce
1854:Christmas seals
1834:Christmas creep
1796:
1794:
1788:
1689:
1683:
1600:
1594:
1431:
1425:
1278:Lord of Misrule
1213:Christmas Peace
1163:Advent calendar
1153:
1147:
1096:Knecht Ruprecht
1076:
1074:
1068:
990:
986:
979:
868:
864:
856:
781:Herod the Great
716:
710:
704:
697:
690:
683:
676:
669:
662:
655:
646:
642:
639:
605:Knecht Ruprecht
595:
590:
583:
568:
567:
563:
545:
541:
531:
529:
520:
519:
515:
508:
493:
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488:
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443:
442:
438:
431:
414:
413:
409:
397:
396:
381:
374:
361:
360:
351:
340:Tom A. Jerman.
339:
338:
334:
330:
308:
290:
269:Robert Schumann
265:
192:Alexander Tille
133:
99:
67:Farmhand Robert
59:Farmhand Rupert
51:
50:
49:
41:
38:Knecht Ruprecht
17:
12:
11:
5:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3473:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3459:Swiss folklore
3455:
3447:
3445:
3441:
3440:
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3399:Nibelungenlied
3395:
3392:Gespensterbuch
3388:
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3378:Deutsche Sagen
3374:
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2796:Mephistopheles
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2015:
2013:
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1992:
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1949:Super Saturday
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1077:Saint Nicholas
1070:
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997:Saint Nicholas
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942:
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935:Old Man Winter
932:
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920:Miner's figure
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905:Kallikantzaros
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670:Children's Day
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656:Blue Christmas
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165:East Friesland
155:he was called
149:De hêle Christ
132:
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83:Saint Nicholas
71:Servant Robert
63:Servant Rupert
15:
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3276:Stauffacherin
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3234:Princess Ilse
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2852:Petermännchen
2849:
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2733:King Goldemar
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2719:Klabautermann
2716:
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2315:Meat and fish
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2256:
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2253:Hot chocolate
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2016:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1993:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1954:Ugly sweaters
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1864:Controversies
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1568:United States
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1298:Moravian star
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1293:Midnight Mass
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1183:Candle arches
1181:
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1173:Advent wreath
1171:
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1168:Advent candle
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987:Gift-bringers
982:
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852:Twelfth Night
850:
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813:Nativity Fast
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771:Christmastide
769:
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764:
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749:
747:
746:Angel Gabriel
744:
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724:Biblical Magi
722:
721:
719:
713:
707:
702:
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695:
693:
688:
686:
681:
679:
677:Christmas Eve
674:
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636:
631:
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3346:Wolfdietrich
3332:William Tell
3255:Schildbürger
2964:Wolpertinger
2929:Wiedergänger
2922:Weiße Frauen
2873:Rhinemaidens
2746:
2621:Ewiger Jäger
2586:Easter Bunny
2558:Doppelgänger
2442:Folklore of
2441:
2327:Gefilte fish
2275:Ponche crema
2110:Melomakarono
1978:
1869:Cyber Monday
1774:
1739:
1708:
1674:
1667:
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1650:Music books
1643:
1481:Nazi Germany
1373:
1369:Secret Santa
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1095:
950:Tió de Nadal
900:Korvatunturi
751:Annunciation
717:Christianity
698:Sol Invictus
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3213:Peter Klaus
2957:Witte Wiwer
2887:Santa Claus
2859:Poltergeist
2803:Moss people
2740:King Laurin
2649:Feldgeister
2600:Elwetritsch
2342:Roast goose
2263:Mulled wine
2243:Champurrado
2238:Apple cider
2212:Bread sauce
2165:Szaloncukor
2145:Pumpkin pie
2095:Gingerbread
2049:Smörgåsbord
1690:Other media
1528:Philippines
1518:New Zealand
1401:Twelve Days
1358:Räuchermann
1313:Nutcrackers
1263:Las Posadas
1223:Decorations
1203:Christingle
1143:Zwarte Piet
1138:Snegurochka
1059:Sinterklaas
1009:Santa Claus
532:13 December
317:Zwarte Piet
237:gingerbread
153:Mecklenburg
111:Jacob Grimm
87:Christkindl
57:; English:
3475:Categories
3406:Freischütz
3283:Tannhäuser
3136:Hildebrand
3094:Gundomar I
3052:Friar Rush
2901:Tatzelwurm
2866:Rasselbock
2817:Nachzehrer
2810:Nachtkrapp
2782:Lutzelfrau
2691:Hinzelmann
2656:Frau Holle
2544:Christkind
2537:Changeling
2502:Belsnickel
2070:Candy cane
2019:Joulupöytä
1919:Pikkujoulu
1583:New Mexico
1432:By country
1406:Wassailing
1347:Poinsettia
1154:Traditions
1106:Mrs. Claus
1086:Belsnickel
1039:Julemanden
1034:Joulupukki
965:Wenceslaus
930:North Pole
895:Jack Frost
885:Christkind
840:Neapolitan
663:Boxing Day
312:Belsnickel
173:Bullerclås
145:Rumpknecht
137:Mittelmark
97:Background
3178:Lohengrin
2936:Wild Hunt
2726:Klagmuhme
2509:Bergmönch
2481:Aufhocker
2357:Tourtière
2347:Romeritos
2284:Dumplings
2231:Beverages
2135:Pecan pie
2125:Panettone
2120:Pampushka
2115:Mince pie
2090:Fruitcake
2034:Réveillon
1914:NFL games
1909:NBA games
1904:In August
1874:Economics
1644:Billboard
1498:Indonesia
1441:Australia
1416:Yule goat
1391:Stockings
1325:Ornaments
1054:Père Noël
1049:Olentzero
1044:Noel Baba
1019:Ded Moroz
975:Yule Lads
915:Mari Lwyd
766:Bethlehem
643:Christmas
463:1 January
244:High Alps
230:foundling
185:Ratzeburg
177:Nuremberg
91:Nuremberg
3444:See also
3192:Nibelung
3108:Hannikel
3010:Brunhild
2943:Wild man
2880:Rübezahl
2768:Lindworm
2670:Heimchen
2607:Erdhenne
2523:Bogeyman
2516:Bieresel
2495:Beerwolf
2474:Askafroa
2460:Alberich
2390:Category
2361:meat pie
2352:Stuffing
2306:Varenyky
2175:Yule log
2150:Qurabiya
2024:Julebord
1997:Food and
1924:SantaCon
1889:El Gordo
1776:Yule Log
1548:Scotland
1461:Ethiopia
1446:Colombia
1421:Yule log
1375:Spanbaum
1352:Pyramids
1218:Crackers
1116:Sack Man
1002:folklore
970:Yule cat
875:Badalisc
865:folklore
776:Epiphany
306:See also
248:Salzburg
204:Ruprecht
198:and the
79:folklore
3080:Gunther
2845:Perchta
2824:Nis Puk
2775:Lorelei
2761:Krampus
2705:Irrwurz
2698:Hödekin
2628:Fänggen
2614:Erlking
2488:Bahkauv
2296:Pierogi
2291:Hallaca
2196:Borscht
2160:Stollen
2130:Pavlova
2105:Makówki
2085:Cozonac
2054:Wigilia
1939:Scrooge
1899:In July
1797:society
1729:Poetry
1563:Ukraine
1538:Romania
1503:Ireland
1493:Iceland
1488:Hungary
1476:Germany
1466:Finland
1456:England
1451:Denmark
1411:Windows
1342:Piñatas
1330:Parades
1283:Markets
1268:Letters
1258:Hampers
1101:Krampus
940:Perchta
880:Caganer
322:Krampus
257:hessian
253:Krampus
163:and in
161:Altmark
157:Rû Clås
73:) is a
3427:Vineta
3339:Witege
3269:Sigurd
3199:Ortnit
3087:Gudrun
2996:Attila
2974:People
2894:Schrat
2754:Kobold
2684:Hemann
2635:Fasolt
2452:Beings
2367:Turkey
2301:Tamale
2258:Kissel
2248:Eggnog
2205:Sauces
2191:Menudo
2170:Turrón
2080:Cookie
2063:Sweets
2029:Kūčios
2010:Dinner
1884:Grinch
1795:modern
1762:Tomten
1721:Santa,
1704:novels
1622:Operas
1610:Carols
1578:Hawaii
1558:Sweden
1553:Serbia
1543:Russia
1533:Poland
1523:Norway
1513:Mexico
1471:France
1386:Stamps
1381:Szopka
1273:Lights
1228:Didukh
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823:in art
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1091:Elves
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786:Jesus
328:Notes
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2322:Carp
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1986:Xmas
1615:list
1396:Tree
1335:list
796:Mary
705:Yule
577:ISBN
554:ISBN
534:2012
502:ISBN
465:2022
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171:and
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