2601:
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106:
2582:. Many other cities and regions try to follow a knowledge-driven development paradigm and increase their knowledge base by investing in higher education and research institutions to attract highly skilled labour and better position themselves in the global competition. Yet, despite digital tools democratising access to knowledge, research shows that knowledge economy activities remain as concentrated as ever in traditional economic cores.
2265:" interchangeably. Information in general, is not equivalent to knowledge. Their use depends on the individual and group's preferences which are "economy-dependent". Information and knowledge together are production resources that can exist without interacting with other sources. Resources are highly independent of each other in the sense that if they connect with other available resources, they transfer into
933:
1779:
921:
36:
2241:, where he described the difference between the manual workers and the knowledge workers. The manual worker is the one who works with their own hands and produces goods and services. In contrast, the knowledge worker works with their head, rather than hands, and produces ideas, knowledge, and information.
2465:
deliveries, growing global demand, regulatory policy governed by performance results, and a host of other items place a high priority on knowledge, and research becomes paramount. Knowledge provides the technical expertise, problem-solving, performance measurement and evaluation, and data management
2324:
system, where they were driven by the service sector that creates greater wealth versus manufacturing; to the late 1900s - 2000s, knowledge economy emerged with the highlights of the power of knowledge and human capital sector, and it's now marked as the latest stage of development in global
2445:, and other entities that are related by skills, technologies, and other common inputs. Knowledge is the catalyst and connective tissue in modern economies. Ruggles and Holtshouse argue the change is characterised by a dispersion of power and by managers who lead by empowering
2230:
The advancement of a knowledge-based economy occurred when global economies promote changes in material production, together with the creation of rich mechanisms of economic theories after the Second World War that tend to integrate science, technology and the economy.
2672:
to participate in the knowledge economy, they need to intervene collectively and strategically. Suggested collective intervention includes the development of effective national ICT policies that support the new regulatory framework, promote the selected
2369:
points out that just as the industrial revolution did not end agriculture because people have to eat, the knowledge revolution is unlikely to end manufacturing industries because of ongoing societal demands for physical goods and services.
2292:, knowledge was still identified only as a supplemental element in economic factors. The idea behind it has transformed recently when new growth theory praised knowledge and technology in enhancing productivity and economic advancement.
2600:
2073:
In a knowledge economy, human intelligence is the key engine of economic development. It is an economy where members acquire, create, disseminate and apply knowledge to facilitate economic and social development.
2681:. The report further suggests that developing countries develop the required ICT strategies and policies for institutions and regulations considering the need to be responsive to the issues of convergence.
2171:, identifying the key persons who know the solutions and can perform under difficult scenarios. Finding the right people can be more essential to innovation than simply knowing basic scientific knowledge.
2215:
is needed to support a great level of innovation within firms, industries, and countries, allowing them to keep up with the latest global technology and human intelligence to utilize it for the domestic
2177:
refers to practical skills, which allow individuals to do different kinds of things. Individuals share experiences in groups with uniform practices. It constitutes the human capital of enterprises.
2588:
4518:
Rindermann H. (2012). Intellectual classes, technological progress and economic development: The rise of cognitive capitalism. Personality and
Individual Differences 53 (2) 108–113
2377:, information and knowledge have always taken on enormous importance in the development in either traditional or industrial economies, particularly with for the efficient use of
4142:
1809:
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The United
Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development report (UNCSTD, 1997) concluded that for developing countries to integrate ICTs successfully and
2406:
3765:
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2861:
2381:. Owners of production factors should possess and master information and knowledge so as to apply them to economic activity. In the knowledge economy, the specialised
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by which a working method may converge scientific and technology solutions, and organizational solutions. According to the World Bank
Institute's definition, such
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4067:
4015:
3314:
3565:
2514:. These forces include the rapid integration of the world's financial and capital markets since the early 1980s, which influences essentially each level of the
2195:
is required to establish a strong knowledge-based economy, where workers continuously learn and apply their skills to build and practice knowledge efficiently.
2135:
refers to knowledge about facts. Like information, experts utilize know-what to fulfill their jobs, such as with complex occupations such as law and medicine.
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5644:
5600:
963:
895:
3712:"From Knowledge-based Economy to … Knowledge-based Economy? Reflections on Changes in the Economy and Development Policies in the North East of England"
2202:
3642:
2502:
of economic activities is one of the main determinants of the emerging knowledge economy. While there are no doubts on the other stages of relative
2226:
suggests that an economy system should offer incentives for better efficiency in mobilizing and allocating resources and encourage entrepreneurship.
4260:
3371:
2486:, where the relatively localised knowledge is now being shared among and across various networks for the benefit of all network members, to gain
2185:
has spoken of knowledge economies by associating it to a four - pillar framework that analyses the rationales of human capital-based economies:
5689:
2341:
innovations. The knowledge economy operates differently from the past as it has been identified by the upheavals (sometimes referred to as the
2161:
and products development in areas such as universities and specialized firms. It can also reduce error frequency in trial and error procedures.
1802:
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of interconnected companies and institutions in a particular field) are vital with global economies, connect locally and globally with linked
4223:
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of a knowledge economy, as it is rather a relative concept. For example, there is no sufficient evidence and consideration for whether the "
5684:
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3507:
2530:
Worldwide examples congregegate around regions or cities with high concentrations of talented human capital and are often accompanied with
2474:
Prevailing and future economic development will be highly dominated by technology and network expansion, in particular on knowledge-based
4585:
4182:
4090:
1237:
54:
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Knowledge-based social entrepreneurship : understanding knowledge economy, innovation, and the future of social entrepreneurship
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72:
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3813:
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1338:
46:
2209:, and to facilitate the effectiveness in interacting, disseminating and processing the information and knowledge resources.
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through building an interconnected and advanced global economy where sources of knowledge are the critical contributors.
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1835:
1708:
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Management, Knowledge and
Learning International Conference 2018 - International School for Social and Business Studies
2975:. The 3rd OECD World Forum on "Statistics, Knowledge and Policy": Charting Progress, Building Visions, Improving Life.
5629:
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905:
125:
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3735:"Tech & knowledge-based economy: How mobile technologies influences the economics of small and medium activities"
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which rests on "making more productive use of inputs, which requires continual innovation". Therefore, the technical
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5604:
5180:
4870:
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4247:
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Kefela, Ghirmai T. (6 July 2020). "Knowledge-based economy and society has become a vital commodity to countried".
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429:
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Tho, Q.T.; Hui, S.C.; Fong, A.C.M.; Tru Hoang Cao (2006). "Automatic Fuzzy
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4334:"Engagement in the Knowledge Economy: Regional Patterns of Content Creation with a Focus on Sub-Saharan Africa"
4261:
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=9ccd5829007e152af91b3f21a8e20906b43b3e93
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From the early days of economic studies, though economists recognised the essential link between knowledge and
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immediately, and production factors are present only to interact with other factors. Knowledge associated with
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878:
616:
571:
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137:
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2329:. In the final decades of 20th century, the knowledge economy became greatly associated with sectors based in
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An economic system that is not knowledge-based is considered to be inconceivable. It describes the process of
2049:
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oriented companies as well as innovation hubs. The knowledge economic hubs include information technology in
2506:
in the global economy, the prevailing pace and intensity of globalisation are without precedent. Fundamental
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5112:
5102:
5092:
4832:
4822:
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4772:
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MetroPolicy: Shaping A New
Federal Partnership for a Metropolitan Nation. Metropolitan Policy Program Report
4150:
3479:"Growth & Innovation Policies For a Knowledge Economy. Experiences From Finland, Sweden & Singapore"
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2001:
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3440:"Human Resources and Work Organization in the Knowledge Economy – The Case of the Indian Software Industry"
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2013:
1982:
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3870:"Evolution of the Knowledge Economy: a Historical Perspective with an Application to the Case of Europe"
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4218:. Peters, Michael (Michael A.), 1948-, Besley, Tina, 1950-, Araya, Daniel, 1971-. New York, New York.
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4850:
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2994:. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities: Eurostat. pp. 9–13.
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183:
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120:
3508:"Building Knowledge Economies for job creation, increased competitiveness, and balanced development"
3017:"Skills, Attitudes, Relational Abilities & Reflexivity: Competences for a Multicultural Society"
2866:
2518:
financial and economic systems; increased multinational origin of the inputs to productions of both
5569:
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5197:
5097:
5077:
5037:
4993:
4978:
4934:
4875:
4802:
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4685:
4312:"Building a knowledge-driven city The case of the Gran Sasso Science Institute in L 'Aquila, Italy"
2771:
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2005:
1974:
1955:
1932:
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671:
531:
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5624:
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and simulated models, and innovating on processes and systems. Harvard
Business School Professor
2346:
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89:
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3833:
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4845:
4707:
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4229:
4219:
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4155:
4086:
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4039:
3997:
3987:
3955:
3930:
3889:
3809:
3784:
3745:
3418:
3345:
3296:
3286:
3244:
3234:
3210:
3098:
3038:
2995:
2941:
2816:
2811:
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2515:
2510:
forces are the significant drivers of globalizing economic activities and further demands for
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2366:
2262:
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2090:
1611:
1363:
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1123:
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4812:
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4635:
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2410:
2301:
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2109:
1990:
1970:
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1604:
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1524:
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1433:
1418:
1189:
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831:
776:
761:
746:
731:
711:
661:
641:
621:
576:
449:
399:
369:
364:
3439:
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5212:
5168:
5005:
4939:
4914:
4909:
4885:
4630:
4615:
4466:
4430:
4353:
3643:"Interrelation of Information and Knowledge in the Economy of the Post-Industrial Society"
3596:
3463:
3119:
3094:
2851:
2721:
2649:
2483:
2345:) in technological innovations and globally competitive need for differentiation with new
2321:
2289:
2168:
2081:
and production activities that are satisfied from the application of workers' expertise -
2032:
2009:
1997:
1986:
1962:
1951:
1887:
1831:
1728:
1688:
1653:
1549:
1509:
1504:
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1317:
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801:
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will continue to see demand. Porter further argues that well-situated clusters (that is,
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5548:
5513:
5498:
5478:
5448:
5298:
5268:
4919:
4642:
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856:
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168:
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5403:
5393:
5363:
5353:
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3901:
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2250:
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2054:
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1978:
1966:
1947:
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1554:
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2017:
1946:
In a knowledge economy, highly skilled jobs require excellent technical skills and
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1514:
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149:
3566:"The Global Innovation Index 2012: Stronger Innovation Linkages for Global Growth"
3033:
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2677:, and use of ICTs and harness their organizational changes to be in line with the
2031:
The global economy's transition to a knowledge economy is also referred to as the
3074:
3057:
2397:
asserts that today's economy is far more dynamic and that conventional notion of
17:
5533:
5523:
5313:
5192:
5136:
4625:
3408:"Singapore's Transition to the Knowledge Economy: From Efficiency to Innovation"
3206:
2571:
2466:
needed for today's competition's transboundary, interdisciplinary global scale.
2274:
2146:
2120:" and identified two types of skills: "routine competencies or facilities" and "
2008:, which emphasizes the importance of information as non-physical capital, and a
1859:
1703:
1658:
1621:
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1207:
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826:
816:
606:
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3885:
3849:
3300:
2871:
2746:
2696:
2653:
2401:
within a company has changed and is less relevant than the prevailing idea of
2358:
2354:
2182:
2154:
2101:
1867:
1843:
1839:
1033:
1001:
736:
536:
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2846:
2531:
2430:
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2028:
processes become more valuable in a knowledge economy than in earlier eras.
2021:
1723:
1247:
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where economy and wealth was primarily based upon agriculture, to an
2025:
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on this "knowledge" in their production to stimulate and deepen the
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4499:
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environment; institutions and industries create jobs that demand
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2349:, and processes that develop from the research community (i.e.,
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facilitates trade. For companies, intellectual property such as
1855:
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is knowledge together with the ability to perform to create
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OCED ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
2085:
and typically represents a significant level of individual
2594:
Yair Agricultural Research and Development Station, Israel
2157:
fields, which is essential for allowing innovation in the
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2482:
as a whole. The knowledge economy is incorporating the
2457:
With Earth's depleting natural resources, the need for
2096:
The present concept of "knowledge" originates from the
4558:
Legal and Regulatory Issues in the Information Economy
3417:. Washington, DC: The World Bank. pp. 145–161.
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2822:Knowledge transfer § In the knowledge economy
2373:For the modern knowledge economies, especially in
2220:Institutional regime that supports incentives for
3783:. London: Abingdon : Routledge. p. 92.
4460:Increasing Returns and the New World of Business
4173:Ruggles, Rudy and David Holtshouse, ed. (1999).
3832:Lundvall, Bengt-äke; Johnson, Björn (Dec 1994).
2862:Productivity improving technologies (historical)
2205:(ICT) resources to overcome the barrier of high
4528:Rooney, D., Hearn, G., & Ninan, A. (2005).
4143:"Clusters and the New Economics of Competition"
4085:. Bantam Doubleday Dell, New York. p. 17.
3641:Mikhailove, Kopylova, A.M, A.A. (15 Mar 2019).
2300:The developed society has transitioned from an
1969:. A knowledge economy stands in contrast to an
49:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
2389:and well-trained in handling data, developing
2273:then is said to be a production factor in the
2167:refers to knowledge of specific and selective
2053:(1969), which Drucker attributed to economist
4579:
3868:Švarc, Jadranka; Dabić, Marina (2015-07-05).
3342:Advancing Knowledge and The Knowledge Economy
3199:Handbook on the Knowledge Economy, Volume Two
3056:Harpan, Ioana; Draghici, Anca (20 Mar 2014).
2522:, technology transfers and information flow.
2199:A dense and modern information infrastructure
1803:
957:
8:
3764:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3663:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2237:discussed the knowledge economy in the book-
1989:in which most of the workers are relatively
1973:, in which the primary economic activity is
4032:Unger, Roberto Mangabeira (19 March 2019).
3406:Radwan, Ismail; Pellegrini, Giulia (2010).
4586:
4572:
4564:
4271:Bay Area Economic Council, Sean Randolph,
4066:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4014:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3653:: 1003 – via SHS Web of Conferences.
3313:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2550:; aerospace and automotive engineering in
2470:Prevailing and future economic development
1810:
1796:
975:
964:
950:
84:
4440:) CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3980:Kabir, Mitt Nowshade (22 February 2019).
3073:
3062:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
3032:
3021:Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences
2069:Knowledge-based economy and human capital
73:Learn how and when to remove this message
4501:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
4111:"COMPETENCIES FOR THE KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY"
3281:Unger, Roberto Mangabeira (2019-03-19).
2203:information and communication technology
4539:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
3177:Houghton, John; Sheehan, Peter (2000).
2893:
2584:
2542:; water and agricultural technology in
2047:as the title of Chapter 12 in his book
2012:, which emphasizes the degree to which
1923:. Knowledge is viewed as an additional
987:
96:
4426:
4416:
4239:
4104:
4102:
4059:
4007:
3863:
3861:
3859:
3852:– via Taylor&Francis Online.
3827:
3825:
3757:
3705:
3703:
3701:
3656:
3608:
3606:
3592:
3581:
3459:
3448:
3306:
3276:
3274:
3272:
3254:
2112:who conducted knowledge to the terms "
1903:A knowledge economy features a highly
4136:
4134:
4027:
4025:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3628:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3166:
2931:
2929:
2578:and the renewable energy industry in
7:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2920:10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100037
2899:
2897:
1954:, the flexibility to interface with
3530:"Offshoring in a Knowledge Economy"
3144:Wokutch, Richard E. (12 Feb 2014).
2664:Challenges for developing countries
2566:; electronics and digital media in
2461:, a logistics industry forced into
1874:process. There is less reliance on
4198:The Brookings Institution (2008).
2640:The technology requirements for a
2449:to contribute and make decisions.
2141:refers to scientific knowledge of
1977:for which the main requirement is
1838:that contribute to advancement in
25:
4530:Handbook on the Knowledge Economy
3180:A Primer on the Knowledge Economy
2969:Human capital and its measurement
2966:Kwon, Dae-Bong (27–30 Oct 2009).
1784:Business and economics portal
5107:neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis
4494:. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
3915:Drucker, Peter F. (2018-03-09).
3874:Journal of the Knowledge Economy
3506:Djeflat, Pr. Abdelkader (2009).
3118:Johnson, D. Gale (16 Jan 2019).
2623:
2611:
2599:
2587:
1866:. Organisations are required to
1777:
931:
919:
104:
34:
2712:Computational knowledge economy
2526:Examples of knowledge economies
2279:traditional production factors.
206:Concepts, theory and techniques
4413:. 12 May, Geneva, Switzerland.
3538:Quarterly Journal of Economics
3146:"Newly industrialized country"
2757:International Innovation Index
2648:must be able to disseminate a
2213:An effective innovation system
1935:. In principle, one's primary
1836:knowledge-intensive activities
1:
5690:Social information processing
5043:Critique of political economy
3564:Dutta, Soumitra, ed. (2012).
3034:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1200
2990:Commission, European (2005).
2877:Social information processing
2490:in a wider, more open scale.
2261:" could serve or act as the "
2057:, originating in the idea of
1967:manufacturing-based economies
1679:Commons-based peer production
1399:Socialism of the 21st century
3124:Encycloaedia Britannica, Inc
3075:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.02.474
2679:Millennium Development Goals
2658:Millennium Development Goals
2245:Information versus knowledge
2239:The Effective Executive 1966
2201:provides easy access to the
1854:as the source of innovative
27:Approach to generating value
5685:Business intelligence terms
4542:The Brookings Institution.
4532:. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
4525:. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
4487:. New York: Harper and Row.
4141:Porter, Michael E. (1998).
4081:Stewart, Thomas A. (1997).
3838:Journal of Industry Studies
3621:. New York: Harper and Row.
3207:10.4337/9781781005132.00009
2842:Liverpool Knowledge Quarter
2277:that is distinguished from
2149:in nature. It concerns the
5706:
5181:Real business-cycle theory
4513:Annual Review of Sociology
3952:New Media: An Introduction
3804:Scheffler, Israel (1965).
3710:Hudson, Ray (1 Sep 2007).
3438:Rothboeck, Sandra (2000).
2907:Annual Review of Sociology
2807:Knowledge production modes
2707:Cognitive-cultural economy
2642:national innovation system
2335:high-technology industries
5621:
3886:10.1007/s13132-015-0267-2
3850:10.1080/13662719400000002
3680:International NGO Journal
2435:geographic concentrations
2302:agriculture-based economy
1956:multiple discipline areas
1919:to meet the needs of the
1173:Socialist-oriented market
4508:. (Nov-Dec 1998). 77–90.
3754:– via Toknowpress.
3571:. INSEAD. Archived from
3120:"Agricultural economics"
2782:Knowledge Economic Index
2727:Endogenous growth theory
2271:intellectual information
2224:and the use of knowledge
2190:An educated and skilled
2063:Frederick Winslow Taylor
2050:The Age of Discontinuity
194:JEL classification codes
4823:Industrial organization
4653:Computational economics
4506:Harvard Business Review
4492:Post-Capitalist Society
4473:(July/August), 100–109.
4471:Harvard Business Review
4175:The Knowledge Advantage
4154:. December (6): 77–90.
4151:Harvard Business Review
3918:The Effective Executive
3613:Drucker, Peter (1969).
3344:, The MIT Press, 2006,
3150:Encycloaedia Britannica
2670:sustainable development
2476:social entrepreneurship
2002:post-industrial economy
1828:knowledge-based economy
380:Industrial organization
237:Computational economics
5675:Economics catchphrases
5026:Modern monetary theory
4693:Experimental economics
4663:Pluralism in economics
4648:Mathematical economics
4458:Arthur, W. B. (1996).
4310:Koukoufikis, Giorgos.
4246:: CS1 maint: others (
3834:"The Learning Economy"
3779:Ryle, Gilbert (1949).
3591:Cite journal requires
3458:Cite journal requires
3261:: CS1 maint: others (
2792:Knowledge organization
2767:Information revolution
2702:Basic income guarantee
2403:competitive advantages
2399:comparative advantages
2363:educational institutes
2327:economic restructuring
2014:information technology
2004:. It is related to an
1983:industrialized economy
232:Experimental economics
4436:CS1 maint: location (
4035:The knowledge economy
3927:10.4324/9780080549354
3370:Smith, Keith (2002).
3283:The knowledge economy
3093:. Cham, Switzerland:
2857:Precision agriculture
2827:Knowledge value chain
2379:factors of production
2267:factors of production
2059:scientific management
1852:intellectual property
4900:Social choice theory
4658:Behavioral economics
4535:Stehr, Nico (2002).
4497:Machlup, F. (1962).
4490:Drucker, P. (1993).
4483:Drucker, P. (1969).
4480:. London: Heinemann.
4388:10.1109/TKDE.2006.87
4083:Intellectual Capital
3950:Flew, Terry (2008).
3551:10.1093/qje/121.1.31
2936:World, Bank (2007).
2797:Knowledge management
2752:Industrial espionage
2737:History of knowledge
2675:knowledge production
2646:World Bank Institute
2644:as described by the
2459:green infrastructure
2453:Green infrastructure
2431:scientific inventors
2385:is characterised as
2343:knowledge revolution
2314:manufacturing sector
2151:theoretical research
2118:conceptual Knowledge
2114:procedural knowledge
2083:intellectual capital
2035:, bringing about an
1872:business development
1709:Newly industrialized
1452:Collective ownership
1313:Vertical archipelago
459:Social choice theory
4984:American (National)
4686:Economic statistics
3781:The concept of mind
2772:Information society
2742:Information economy
2558:; biotechnology in
2516:developed country's
2411:computer scientists
2409:careers, including
2375:developed countries
2259:information society
2091:developed economies
2087:economic activities
2043:was made famous by
2037:information society
2006:information economy
1975:subsistence farming
1694:Inclusive Democracy
926:Business portal
247:Operations research
227:National accounting
4465:2019-07-27 at the
3097:. pp. 29–41.
2717:Digital Revolution
2520:goods and services
2512:human intelligence
2488:economies of scale
2347:goods and services
2331:research-intensive
2310:industrial economy
2306:pre-industrial age
2159:production process
2153:of scientific and
1937:individual capital
1917:specialized skills
1824:knowledge economy,
1632:Material balancing
1114:Buddhist economics
257:Industrial complex
252:Middle income trap
53:You can assist by
5670:Knowledge economy
5657:
5656:
5188:New institutional
4476:Bell, D. (1974).
4225:978-1-4539-1136-5
4045:978-1-78873-497-4
3993:978-1-137-34809-8
3961:978-0-19-555149-5
3751:978-961-6914-23-9
3486:Working Paper 156
3424:978-0-8213-8196-0
3351:978-0-262-25645-2
3292:978-1-78873-497-4
3240:978-0-85793-771-1
2817:Knowledge tagging
2812:Knowledge society
2732:Frugal innovation
2692:Attention economy
2447:knowledge workers
2387:computer literate
2367:Thomas A. Stewart
2263:knowledge society
2207:transaction costs
2041:knowledge economy
1948:relational skills
1905:skilled workforce
1884:intangible assets
1880:natural resources
1820:
1819:
1330:By regional model
1124:Sabbath economics
974:
973:
83:
82:
75:
18:Knowledge Economy
16:(Redirected from
5697:
4861:Natural resource
4698:Economic history
4636:Mechanism design
4588:
4581:
4574:
4565:
4546:. (2008). 4–103.
4446:
4445:
4434:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4414:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4352:. Archived from
4329:
4323:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4291:www.airswift.com
4282:
4276:
4269:
4263:
4258:
4252:
4251:
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4210:
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4170:
4164:
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4147:
4138:
4129:
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4115:
4106:
4097:
4096:
4078:
4072:
4071:
4065:
4057:
4029:
4020:
4019:
4013:
4005:
3986:. New York, NY.
3977:
3966:
3965:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3865:
3854:
3853:
3829:
3820:
3819:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3763:
3755:
3739:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3716:Regional Studies
3707:
3696:
3695:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3662:
3654:
3638:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3610:
3601:
3600:
3594:
3589:
3587:
3579:
3577:
3570:
3561:
3555:
3554:
3534:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3512:
3503:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3488:. Archived from
3483:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3446:
3444:
3435:
3429:
3428:
3412:
3403:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3387:
3381:. Archived from
3376:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3339:
3332:
3319:
3318:
3312:
3304:
3278:
3267:
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3252:
3227:
3221:
3220:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3174:
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3158:
3156:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3132:
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3115:
3109:
3108:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3012:
3006:
3005:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2979:. pp. 1–15.
2974:
2963:
2952:
2951:
2933:
2924:
2923:
2901:
2837:Learning society
2832:Learning economy
2802:Knowledge policy
2787:Knowledge market
2777:Know-how trading
2762:Internet economy
2627:
2615:
2603:
2591:
2480:entrepreneurship
2222:entrepreneurship
2169:social relations
2110:Israel Scheffler
1971:agrarian economy
1965:in conventional
1963:physical objects
1812:
1805:
1798:
1782:
1781:
1540:Municipalization
1525:Financialization
1495:Collectivization
1477:Social ownership
1467:Private property
1461:Common ownership
1419:Common ownership
1233:Closed (autarky)
1190:State capitalism
1168:Socialist market
1153:Market socialist
989:Economic systems
976:
966:
959:
952:
938:Money portal
936:
935:
934:
924:
923:
420:Natural resource
212:Economic systems
108:
85:
78:
71:
67:
64:
58:
38:
37:
30:
21:
5705:
5704:
5700:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5695:
5694:
5680:Information Age
5660:
5659:
5658:
5653:
5650:Business portal
5617:
5616:
5615:
5575:
5339:von Böhm-Bawerk
5227:
5226:
5217:
4989:Ancient thought
4967:
4966:
4960:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4702:
4667:
4631:Contract theory
4616:Decision theory
4597:
4592:
4554:
4549:
4515:30 (1): 199–220
4467:Wayback Machine
4454:
4449:
4435:
4425:
4415:
4409:UNCSTD (1997).
4408:
4407:
4403:
4373:
4372:
4368:
4359:
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4185:
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4079:
4075:
4058:
4046:
4031:
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4006:
3994:
3979:
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3944:
3937:
3914:
3913:
3909:
3867:
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3831:
3830:
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3803:
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3756:
3752:
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3727:
3709:
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3677:
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3655:
3640:
3639:
3626:
3612:
3611:
3604:
3590:
3580:
3575:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3558:
3532:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3515:Worldbank Draft
3510:
3505:
3504:
3500:
3492:
3481:
3476:
3475:
3471:
3457:
3447:
3442:
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3333:
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3196:
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3154:
3152:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3128:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3112:
3105:
3095:Springer Verlag
3088:
3087:
3083:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3002:
2989:
2988:
2984:
2972:
2965:
2964:
2955:
2948:
2935:
2934:
2927:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2852:Network economy
2722:Digital economy
2687:
2666:
2650:unified process
2638:
2631:
2628:
2619:
2618:Munich, Germany
2616:
2607:
2604:
2595:
2592:
2528:
2496:
2484:network economy
2472:
2455:
2351:R&D factors
2322:mass production
2318:post-industrial
2304:, that is, the
2298:
2290:economic growth
2286:
2247:
2122:critical skills
2071:
2033:Information Age
2010:digital economy
1998:service economy
1987:mass production
1952:problem-solving
1901:
1896:
1888:economic growth
1842:and scientific
1832:economic system
1816:
1776:
1769:
1768:
1734:Post-industrial
1729:Post-capitalist
1689:Hunter-gatherer
1674:
1666:
1665:
1580:
1572:
1571:
1550:Nationalization
1510:Demutualization
1505:Corporatization
1490:
1482:
1481:
1472:State ownership
1447:
1439:
1438:
1414:
1406:
1405:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1293:Robinson Crusoe
1228:
1227:By coordination
1220:
1219:
1204:Traditionalist
1064:Neomercantilist
1024:
1016:
997:
970:
932:
930:
918:
911:
910:
881:
871:
870:
869:
868:
632:von Böhm-Bawerk
520:
509:
508:
270:
262:
261:
217:Economic growth
207:
199:
198:
140:
138:classifications
79:
68:
62:
59:
52:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5703:
5701:
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5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5053:Disequilibrium
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
5002:
5001:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4970:
4968:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4866:Organizational
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4835:
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4677:
4675:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4643:Macroeconomics
4640:
4639:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4611:Microeconomics
4607:
4605:
4599:
4598:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4583:
4576:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4553:
4552:External links
4550:
4548:
4547:
4540:
4533:
4526:
4519:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4495:
4488:
4481:
4474:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4447:
4401:
4382:(6): 842–856.
4366:
4324:
4302:
4277:
4275:, October 2021
4264:
4253:
4224:
4205:
4190:
4184:978-1841120676
4183:
4165:
4130:
4098:
4092:978-0385483810
4091:
4073:
4044:
4021:
3992:
3967:
3960:
3942:
3935:
3907:
3880:(1): 159–176.
3855:
3821:
3814:
3796:
3789:
3771:
3750:
3725:
3697:
3686:(7): 160–166.
3670:
3624:
3602:
3593:|journal=
3578:on 2013-04-18.
3556:
3520:
3498:
3495:on 2014-12-22.
3469:
3460:|journal=
3430:
3423:
3398:
3362:
3350:
3320:
3291:
3268:
3239:
3222:
3215:
3189:
3162:
3136:
3110:
3103:
3081:
3048:
3007:
3000:
2982:
2953:
2946:
2925:
2914:(1): 199–220.
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2867:Purple economy
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
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2699:
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2688:
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2683:
2665:
2662:
2637:
2634:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2586:
2536:Silicon Valley
2527:
2524:
2495:
2492:
2471:
2468:
2454:
2451:
2427:mathematicians
2395:Michael Porter
2297:
2294:
2285:
2282:
2246:
2243:
2228:
2227:
2217:
2210:
2196:
2179:
2178:
2172:
2162:
2147:laws of motion
2136:
2070:
2067:
2024:material, and
1985:that features
1941:economic value
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1876:physical input
1818:
1817:
1815:
1814:
1807:
1800:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1744:Resource-based
1741:
1736:
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1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
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1574:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1530:Liberalization
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1454:
1448:
1446:Property types
1445:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1395:Latin America
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
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1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
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1245:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1116:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1031:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
995:
992:
991:
985:
984:
972:
971:
969:
968:
961:
954:
946:
943:
942:
941:
940:
928:
913:
912:
909:
908:
903:
893:
888:
882:
877:
876:
873:
872:
867:
866:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
523:
522:
521:
515:
514:
511:
510:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
425:Organizational
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
271:
269:By application
268:
267:
264:
263:
260:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
208:
205:
204:
201:
200:
197:
196:
191:
186:
181:
176:
171:
162:
157:
152:
147:
141:
135:
134:
131:
130:
129:
128:
123:
118:
110:
109:
101:
100:
94:
93:
81:
80:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5702:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5620:
5612:
5609:
5606:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5582:
5578:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5234:de Mandeville
5232:
5231:
5229:
5225:
5220:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5177:
5176:New classical
5174:
5170:
5167:
5166:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5132:Malthusianism
5130:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5093:Institutional
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5000:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4897:
4896:Public choice
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4871:Participation
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:Institutional
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4783:Expeditionary
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4773:Environmental
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4589:
4584:
4582:
4577:
4575:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4534:
4531:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4496:
4493:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4443:
4439:
4432:
4420:
4412:
4405:
4402:
4397:
4393:
4389:
4385:
4381:
4377:
4370:
4367:
4356:on 2017-12-06
4355:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4328:
4325:
4313:
4306:
4303:
4292:
4288:
4285:Terra, Nana.
4281:
4278:
4274:
4268:
4265:
4262:
4257:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4221:
4217:
4216:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4194:
4191:
4186:
4180:
4176:
4169:
4166:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4152:
4144:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4119:
4112:
4109:OECD (2001).
4105:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4088:
4084:
4077:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4017:
4011:
4003:
3999:
3995:
3989:
3985:
3984:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3943:
3938:
3936:9780080549354
3932:
3928:
3924:
3921:. Routledge.
3920:
3919:
3911:
3908:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3864:
3862:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3817:
3811:
3807:
3800:
3797:
3792:
3790:9780415485470
3786:
3782:
3775:
3772:
3767:
3761:
3753:
3747:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3726:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3674:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3652:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3598:
3585:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3531:
3524:
3521:
3516:
3509:
3502:
3499:
3491:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3452:
3441:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3420:
3416:
3409:
3402:
3399:
3388:on 2014-12-28
3384:
3380:
3373:
3366:
3363:
3353:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3316:
3310:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3284:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3232:
3226:
3223:
3218:
3216:9781781005132
3212:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3190:
3182:
3181:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3163:
3151:
3147:
3140:
3137:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3111:
3106:
3104:9783030428709
3100:
3096:
3092:
3085:
3082:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3052:
3049:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3011:
3008:
3003:
3001:92-79-02207-5
2997:
2993:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2971:
2970:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2947:9780821369579
2943:
2939:
2932:
2930:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2900:
2898:
2894:
2888:
2883:
2882:Working hours
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
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2833:
2830:
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2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
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2793:
2790:
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2770:
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2765:
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2760:
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2635:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2602:
2597:
2590:
2585:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2576:petrochemical
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2540:United States
2537:
2533:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2508:microeconomic
2505:
2501:
2500:globalisation
2494:Globalisation
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2443:manufacturers
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2339:science-based
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2251:formalization
2244:
2242:
2240:
2236:
2235:Peter Drucker
2232:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2155:technological
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2102:philosophical
2099:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2061:developed by
2060:
2056:
2055:Fritz Machlup
2052:
2051:
2046:
2045:Peter Drucker
2042:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2018:trade secrets
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1979:manual labour
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:global market
1918:
1914:
1913:macroeconomic
1910:
1909:microeconomic
1906:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:human capital
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1801:
1799:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1739:Post-scarcity
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1684:Expeditionary
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1560:Socialization
1558:
1556:
1555:Privatization
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1545:Mutualization
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Marketization
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1520:Expropriation
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:Communization
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:Decentralized
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1195:Social credit
1193:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1163:Participatory
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1074:Social market
1072:
1070:
1069:Protectionist
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1049:Laissez-faire
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
994:
993:
990:
986:
982:
978:
977:
967:
962:
960:
955:
953:
948:
947:
945:
944:
939:
929:
927:
922:
917:
916:
915:
914:
907:
904:
901:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
883:
880:
875:
874:
865:
864:
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
527:de Mandeville
525:
524:
519:
513:
512:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
456:
455:Public choice
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
430:Participation
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
390:Institutional
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
340:Expeditionary
338:
336:
333:
331:
330:Environmental
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
266:
265:
258:
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
209:
203:
202:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
166:
163:
161:
160:International
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:Branches and
133:
132:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
113:
112:
111:
107:
103:
102:
99:
95:
91:
87:
86:
77:
74:
66:
56:
50:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
5645:Publications
5601:Publications
5568:
5164:Neoclassical
5154:Mercantilism
5063:Evolutionary
4925:Sociological
4898: /
4798:Geographical
4778:Evolutionary
4753:Digitization
4718:Agricultural
4681:Econometrics
4621:Price theory
4543:
4536:
4529:
4522:
4512:
4505:
4498:
4491:
4484:
4477:
4470:
4452:Bibliography
4410:
4404:
4379:
4375:
4369:
4358:. Retrieved
4354:the original
4341:
4337:
4327:
4315:. Retrieved
4305:
4294:. Retrieved
4290:
4280:
4267:
4256:
4214:
4208:
4199:
4193:
4174:
4168:
4149:
4121:. Retrieved
4117:
4082:
4076:
4034:
3982:
3951:
3945:
3917:
3910:
3877:
3873:
3844:(2): 23–42.
3841:
3837:
3805:
3799:
3780:
3774:
3760:cite journal
3741:
3728:
3719:
3715:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3659:cite journal
3650:
3646:
3616:
3584:cite journal
3573:the original
3559:
3545:(1): 31–77.
3542:
3536:
3523:
3514:
3501:
3490:the original
3485:
3472:
3451:cite journal
3433:
3414:
3401:
3390:. Retrieved
3383:the original
3378:
3365:
3355:, retrieved
3341:
3282:
3230:
3225:
3198:
3192:
3179:
3153:. Retrieved
3149:
3139:
3127:. Retrieved
3123:
3113:
3090:
3084:
3065:
3061:
3051:
3024:
3020:
3010:
2991:
2985:
2968:
2937:
2911:
2905:
2667:
2639:
2544:Silicon Wadi
2529:
2497:
2473:
2463:just-in-time
2456:
2372:
2355:universities
2342:
2299:
2287:
2248:
2238:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2212:
2198:
2192:labour force
2189:
2180:
2174:
2164:
2138:
2132:
2106:Gilbert Ryle
2095:
2076:
2072:
2048:
2040:
2030:
1995:
1945:
1902:
1827:
1823:
1821:
1649:Peer-to-peer
1644:Self-managed
1579:Coordination
1515:Deregulation
1200:Distributist
1054:Mercantilist
896:Publications
861:
484:Sociological
457: /
394:
355:Geographical
335:Evolutionary
310:Digitization
275:Agricultural
179:Mathematical
150:Econometrics
69:
60:
47:copy editing
45:may require
44:
5439:von Neumann
5208:Supply-side
5193:Physiocracy
5137:Marginalism
4828:Information
4768:Engineering
4748:Development
4743:Demographic
4626:Game theory
4603:Theoretical
4427:|work=
3068:: 170–177.
3027:: 538–547.
2572:South Korea
2383:labor force
2275:new economy
2104:studies by
2079:consumption
2039:. The term
2022:copyrighted
1907:within the
1899:Description
1860:information
1754:Traditional
1704:Manorialism
1699:Information
1673:Other types
1659:Open access
1622:Cybernetics
1364:Anglo-Saxon
1349:Singaporean
1308:Underground
1303:Subsistence
1208:Corporatist
1183:Syndicalist
1143:Communalist
1029:Associative
1023:By ideology
996:Major types
732:von Neumann
385:Information
325:Engineering
305:Development
300:Demographic
242:Game theory
184:Methodology
5664:Categories
5596:Economists
5469:Schumacher
5374:Schumpeter
5344:von Wieser
5264:von Thünen
5224:Economists
5123:Circuitism
5088:Humanistic
5083:Historical
5058:Ecological
5048:Democratic
5021:Chartalism
5011:Behavioral
4974:Mainstream
4935:Statistics
4930:Solidarity
4851:Managerial
4818:Humanistic
4813:Historical
4758:Ecological
4723:Behavioral
4560:(Wikibook)
4360:2017-12-05
4296:2024-07-02
4054:1050279840
4038:. London.
4002:1089007311
3815:0226736687
3392:2013-09-05
3357:2020-02-10
3301:1050279840
3285:. London.
2872:Smart city
2747:Indigo Era
2697:Automation
2654:innovation
2636:Technology
2498:The rapid
2439:industries
2423:biologists
2391:algorithms
2312:where the
2183:World Bank
2143:principles
2098:historical
2089:in modern
1868:capitalise
1844:innovation
1759:Transition
1719:Plantation
1627:Indicative
1489:Transition
1339:East Asian
1110:Religious
1086:Democratic
1059:Neoliberal
1044:Democratic
1034:Capitalist
1002:Capitalism
891:Economists
762:Schumacher
667:Schumpeter
637:von Wieser
557:von Thünen
518:economists
494:Statistics
489:Solidarity
410:Managerial
375:Humanistic
370:Historical
315:Ecological
280:Behavioral
174:Mainstream
55:editing it
5514:Greenspan
5479:Samuelson
5459:Galbraith
5429:Tinbergen
5369:von Mises
5364:Heckscher
5324:Edgeworth
5203:Stockholm
5198:Socialist
5098:Keynesian
5078:Happiness
5038:Classical
4999:Mutualism
4994:Anarchist
4979:Heterodox
4876:Personnel
4837:Knowledge
4803:Happiness
4793:Financial
4763:Education
4738:Democracy
4673:Empirical
4595:Economics
4429:ignored (
4419:cite book
4350:1544-7529
4242:cite book
4234:876042578
4062:cite book
4010:cite book
3902:152957932
3894:1868-7865
3309:cite book
3257:cite book
3249:758983832
3043:1877-0428
2847:Long tail
2630:Hyderabad
2560:Hyderabad
2532:High tech
2415:engineers
2284:Evolution
2255:modelling
2133:Know-what
1991:unskilled
1864:practices
1840:technical
1724:Plutonomy
1605:Regulated
1434:Voluntary
1360:European
1213:Feudalism
1158:Mutualist
1148:Communist
1138:Socialist
1119:Christian
1039:Corporate
1012:Communism
1007:Socialism
807:Greenspan
772:Samuelson
752:Galbraith
722:Tinbergen
662:von Mises
657:Heckscher
617:Edgeworth
435:Personnel
395:Knowledge
360:Happiness
350:Financial
320:Education
295:Democracy
189:Political
155:Heterodox
98:Economics
63:June 2023
5625:Category
5605:journals
5591:Glossary
5544:Stiglitz
5509:Rothbard
5489:Buchanan
5474:Friedman
5464:Koopmans
5454:Leontief
5434:Robinson
5319:Marshall
5169:Lausanne
5073:Georgism
5068:Feminist
5016:Buddhist
5006:Austrian
4905:Regional
4881:Planning
4856:Monetary
4788:Feminist
4733:Cultural
4728:Business
4463:Archived
4396:17557226
4160:10187248
3744:: 1–65.
3692:32055689
2685:See also
2504:openness
2419:chemists
2296:Overview
2216:economy.
2175:Know-how
2165:Know-who
2139:Know-why
2126:Lundvall
2026:patented
1960:crafting
1950:such as
1894:Overview
1830:, is an
1612:Planning
1263:Informal
1248:Dirigist
1101:Georgist
1096:Feminist
981:a series
979:Part of
900:journals
886:Glossary
837:Stiglitz
802:Rothbard
782:Buchanan
767:Friedman
757:Koopmans
747:Leontief
727:Robinson
612:Marshall
516:Notable
464:Regional
440:Planning
415:Monetary
345:Feminist
290:Cultural
285:Business
90:a series
88:Part of
5640:Outline
5611:Schools
5603: (
5564:Piketty
5559:Krugman
5424:Kuznets
5414:Kalecki
5389:Polanyi
5279:Cournot
5274:Bastiat
5259:Ricardo
5249:Malthus
5239:Quesnay
5142:Marxian
5033:Chicago
4963:history
4958:Schools
4945:Welfare
4915:Service
4708:Applied
4317:3 March
2556:Germany
2116:" and "
1933:capital
1654:Sharing
1617:In kind
1565:Marxist
1457:Commons
1424:Private
1413:Sectors
1384:Rhenish
1354:Keralan
1344:Chinese
1318:Virtual
1298:Sharing
1288:Planned
1278:Natural
1243:Digital
1131:Islamic
1091:Fascist
1079:Welfare
906:Schools
898: (
857:Piketty
852:Krugman
717:Kuznets
707:Kalecki
682:Polanyi
572:Cournot
567:Bastiat
552:Ricardo
542:Malthus
532:Quesnay
504:Welfare
474:Service
145:Applied
121:Outline
116:History
5549:Thaler
5529:Ostrom
5524:Becker
5519:Sowell
5499:Baumol
5404:Myrdal
5399:Sraffa
5394:Frisch
5384:Knight
5379:Keynes
5354:Fisher
5349:Veblen
5334:Pareto
5314:Menger
5309:George
5304:Jevons
5299:Walras
5289:Gossen
5213:Thermo
4891:Public
4886:Policy
4841:Labour
4808:Health
4394:
4348:
4344:: 19.
4232:
4222:
4181:
4158:
4123:26 Oct
4089:
4052:
4042:
4000:
3990:
3958:
3933:
3900:
3892:
3812:
3787:
3748:
3690:
3421:
3348:
3299:
3289:
3247:
3237:
3213:
3155:16 Oct
3129:16 Oct
3101:
3041:
2998:
2944:
2580:Brazil
2552:Munich
2548:Israel
2429:, and
1981:or an
1929:labour
1714:Palace
1590:Market
1585:Barter
1429:Public
1389:Soviet
1374:Nordic
1369:German
1335:Asian
1268:Market
842:Thaler
822:Ostrom
817:Becker
812:Sowell
792:Baumol
697:Myrdal
692:Sraffa
687:Frisch
677:Knight
672:Keynes
647:Fisher
642:Veblen
627:Pareto
607:Menger
602:George
597:Jevons
592:Walras
582:Gossen
450:Public
445:Policy
400:Labour
365:Health
222:Market
5635:Lists
5630:Index
5581:Lists
5554:Hoppe
5539:Lucas
5504:Solow
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5484:Simon
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