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to establish a colony on the island, but a small stone house was built and some materials were buried to prepare for an eventual return. In an attempt to improve relations with the Inuit, Frobisher left gifts for them in the house before his departure. After a troubled return to
England, with 1136 tons of black ore in tow, it was discovered that the assessment of the ore was incorrect and the expeditions had been a complete waste of finances. The Cathay Company was bankrupted, and Frobisher and his men would not return to Kodlunarn. The island apparently remained unknown to European explorers for the next several centuries.
68:
394:, was informed by local Inuit about historic European exploration of the Frobisher Bay area. Accompanied by Inuit guides, he visited Kodlunarn Island to investigate the remains of the expeditions. Based on interviews with Inuit Elders, for which he devised a comprehensive questionnaire, and artifacts and structures discovered on the island, Hall concluded that Kodlunarn had been one of the sites of Frobisher's mining voyages. Hall sent some artifacts of the Frobisher voyages to museums, but few survive today.
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likely the first mining site on
Kodlunarn; it also would have allowed explorers access to the island without having to scale cliffs. Another large mining trench, which Hall labelled the "mine/reservoir trench" (though it probably was not dug for the latter purpose), is found inland, about 100 m (330 ft) to the southeast. The "black ore" deposits found at Frobisher's mining sites are principally composed of
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Island", and he set up a mining camp there. The search for the crew members proved fruitless, and after finding evidence that they had been killed, the
Englishmen launched attacks on Inuit camps. A fort was built on Kodlunarn to defend against Inuit retaliation. 158 tons of ore were transported back to England from this voyage, along with three more Inuit captives (a man named
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75:
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326:] after shipmaster Christopher Hall. On Frobisher's return to England, Lok eventually had the rock assessed as gold ore, after numerous other assessments had concluded that it was worthless. An Inuit man was also captured on this voyage and brought back to England; he died shortly after arriving there.
378:
A second expedition to the Arctic took place in 1578. This much larger expedition, comprising 15 vessels, aimed to mine at least 800 tons of ore and establish a mining colony of 100 men on
Kodlunarn. The voyage was difficult and large quantities of materials were lost on the way. It proved impossible
333:
was established to fund further missions to the Arctic, and
Frobisher and his crew returned to the area the next year, this time with the goal of mining gold (and a secondary goal of finding the five lost men). Large deposits of black ore were discovered on what Frobisher dubbed "Countess of Warwick
433:
A long trench leading to the island surface is dug into the cliff face on the north shore. Hall named this feature the "ship's trench" because Inuit oral history accounts stated that it had been used for boat launches and repairs. Archaeological evidence supports that it was used as a mine and was
441:
The ruins of the "Frobisher House" built during the 1578 expedition are situated near the centre of the island at its highest point of elevation. In 1990 all that remained of the above-ground structure was a small pit, with debris and rocks that previously formed the walls of the house scattered
359:
430:, the capital city of Nunavut. The island, which measures about 7 ha (0.070 km; 17 acres) in area, is largely surrounded by vertical cliffs, and its terrain consists primarily of barren rock and gravel. For most of the year it is virtually devoid of water.
287:
of
Frobisher Bay, visited the site in 1861 to investigate the remains of Frobisher's expeditions. Notable features of the island include two large mining trenches and the remains of a stone house built by Frobisher in 1578. Kodlunarn Island was designated a
316:. Here, Frobisher was attacked by Inuit, but survived; five crew members, however, went out to explore the land and never returned. A strange black rock was discovered on a small island in the bay, which, according to an account from Frobisher's financier,
417:
organized an expedition to
Kodlunarn, leading to the establishment of the Meta Incognita Project the next year, whose goal is to support research and conservation of the island and other sites associated with Frobisher's Arctic exploration.
442:
around its vicinity; the foundation is comparatively intact. There is archaeological evidence that
Kodlunarn was used as a temporary camp site by the Inuit in the past, but it is unlikely that it was consistently inhabited.
372:(1865), showing Hall and several Inuit collecting artifacts on Kodlunarn Island. Right: Illustration of some artifacts that Hall collected from Kodlunarn, including pottery and tile shards, glass fragments and flint stones.
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Arctic researches, and life among the
Esquimaux; being the narrative of an expedition in search of Sir John Franklin, in the years 1860, 1861, and 1862
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led expeditions to the island to mine what he believed was gold ore. The ore turned out to be worthless, and the island was ignored by explorers until
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438:. An area containing evidence of industrial activity by Frobisher's mining parties is located east of the "mine/reservoir trench".
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Kodlunarn Island is located near the northeastern shore of
Frobisher Bay and lies 190 km (120 mi) from
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in 1964 for its role in Frobisher's voyages and its significance in Inuit oral history. In 1990 the
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Martin Frobisher's northwest venture, 1576-1581 : mines, minerals & metallurgy
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The figure of 7 ha (0.070 km; 17 acres) refers to the island surface; if the
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2018:
2008:
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1163:
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1128:
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758:
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2138:
2078:
2068:
1899:
1877:
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1436:
1318:
1233:
317:
760:
Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Northwest Passage
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1503:
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163:
149:
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is included, the total area is about 9 ha (0.090 km; 22 acres).
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272:
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1929:
458:
Also rendered as "Qallunaat" or "Qallunaan"; not to be confused with
397:
Further small-scale expeditions were led by archaeologists from the
339:
284:
1039:
800:
386:, having travelled to the Arctic in search of the survivors of
322:
584:
The Meta Incognita Project: Contributions to Field Studies
342:, and Arnaq's son) who died soon after their arrival.
329:
Spurred on by the supposed discovery of gold ore, the
701:
Hogarth, D.D.; Boreham, P.W.; Mitchell, J.G. (1994).
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1953:
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526:"Kodlunarn Island National Historic Site of Canada"
231:
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141:
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26:
659:Fitzhugh, William W.; Olin, Jacqueline S. (1993).
792:Photos and maps at the Canadian Museum of History
370:Arctic researches, and life among the Esquimaux
33:
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283:, inspired by oral history accounts from the
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3532:Uninhabited islands of Qikiqtaaluk Region
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55:, noting major archaeological features
619:from the original on 10 November 2021
409:in 1981. The island was designated a
320:, was named "hawlls Illand" [
7:
742:. Harper & Brothers – via
613:Canadian Geographical Names Database
531:Canadian Register of Historic Places
1019:
662:Archeology of the Frobisher voyages
586:. Canadian Museum of Civilization.
3542:National Historic Sites in Nunavut
312:, landing in what is now known as
14:
828:National Historic Sites of Canada
538:from the original on 1 April 2021
1018:
1006:
994:
983:
982:
411:National Historic Site of Canada
358:
349:
290:National Historic Site of Canada
239:National Historic Site of Canada
103:
96:
73:
66:
51:1865 map of Kodlunarn Island by
16:Island in Frobisher Bay, Nunavut
3508:Islands of the Kitikmeot Region
3490:Islands of the Kitikmeot Region
709:Canadian Museum of Civilization
415:Canadian Museum of Civilization
368:Left: Illustration from Hall's
267:, is a small island located in
3512:Islands of the Kivalliq Region
3494:Islands of the Kivalliq Region
736:Hall, Charles Francis (1865).
338:by the English, a woman named
1:
2576:Avingasittuit Siqinirsipangat
667:Smithsonian Institution Press
275:. During the 1570s, explorer
271:in the Canadian territory of
502:Geographical Names Data Base
34:
3558:
300:In 1576, English explorer
265:Countess of Warwick Island
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977:
863:Newfoundland and Labrador
582:Alsford, Stephen (1993).
422:Geography and archaeology
236:
210:
60:
44:
3537:Islands of Frobisher Bay
3488:are inhabited. See also
507:Natural Resources Canada
3051:Queen Elizabeth Islands
407:Smithsonian Institution
2581:Beacon (Hudson Strait)
607:Government of Canada.
232:Additional information
2378:Crown Prince Frederik
943:Northwest Territories
263:and originally named
2099:Frobisher's Farthest
905:Prince Edward Island
403:Royal Ontario Museum
384:Charles Francis Hall
281:Charles Francis Hall
201:7 ha (17 acres)
53:Charles Francis Hall
38:(White Man's Island)
1723:Utaqqiurviarjuruluk
1134:Beacon (Ungava Bay)
159: /
87:Show map of Nunavut
23:
1068:Qikiqtaaluk Region
1001:History portal
757:Day, Alan (2006).
609:"Kodlunarn Island"
497:"Kodlunarn Island"
257:White Man's Island
192:Arctic Archipelago
117:Show map of Canada
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3500:
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3281:Little Cornwallis
3252:
2743:Nuvuktiqpaaraaluk
1033:
1032:
1013:Canada portal
405:in 1974, and the
388:Sir John Franklin
310:Northwest Passage
308:in search of the
246:
245:
164:62.817°N 65.417°W
3549:
3416:Sverdrup Islands
3251:(with Greenland)
3250:
3096:Baillie-Hamilton
3059:Ellesmere Island
3056:
2991:Christopher Hall
2788:Qikiqtarjuarusiq
1935:South Tweedsmuir
1910:North Tweedsmuir
1560:Cumberland Sound
1204:Imiqqutailaqtuuq
1060:
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1037:
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681:Internet Archive
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302:Martin Frobisher
277:Martin Frobisher
249:Kodlunarn Island
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3261:Houston Stewart
3077:
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2971:Islands of the
2966:
2917:Solomons Temple
2842:
2778:Qikiqtaalujjuaq
2551:
2407:
2370:Gulf of Boothia
2368:Islands of the
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1949:
1853:
1737:
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1414:Belcher Islands
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1309:Prince of Wales
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1066:Islands of the
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392:lost expedition
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306:Canadian Arctic
304:set out to the
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242:Designated 1964
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169:62.817; -65.417
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3429:Axel Heiberg
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2986:Cape Chidley
2973:Labrador Sea
2833:Ungirlauttat
2783:Qikiqtarjuaq
2698:Lower Savage
2615:
2148:
1920:Qikiqtaarjuk
1887:
1771:
1744:Davis Strait
1456:
1121:
1017:
981:
927:Saskatchewan
759:
752:
738:
731:
721:– via
703:
679:– via
661:
621:. Retrieved
612:
602:
583:
540:. Retrieved
529:
500:
491:
467:
454:
440:
432:
425:
399:Field Museum
396:
381:
377:
369:
328:
321:
299:
264:
256:
252:
251:, known as
248:
247:
212:
18:
3484:Islands in
3449:Haig-Thomas
3276:John Barrow
3271:Hyde Parker
3136:Byam Martin
3031:Little Hall
2912:Paint Hills
2847:Islands of
2773:Qaiqsuarjuk
2768:Qaqqannalik
2753:Observation
2738:Nunarijjait
2673:Kinngarjuaq
2663:Kaavvijjuaq
2586:Black Bluff
2571:Aulatsiviit
2556:Islands of
2412:Islands of
1954:Islands of
1858:Islands of
1794:Kekerturnak
1742:Islands of
1658:Miliakdjuin
1633:Kekertelung
1628:Kangigutsak
1558:Islands of
1539:Twin Cairns
1464:Innetalling
1354:Saneruarsuk
1319:Qikiqtaaluk
1289:Pisiktarfik
1254:Nova Zembla
1209:Kaigosuiyat
1024:WikiProject
936:Territories
920:Quebec City
868:Nova Scotia
830:by location
318:Michael Lok
188:Archipelago
167: /
142:Coordinates
29:Native name
3526:Categories
3336:North Kent
3167:Cornwallis
3156:Cocked Hat
3131:Buckingham
2922:South Twin
2907:North Twin
2887:Grey Goose
2828:Ukaliqtuuq
2823:Takijualuk
2818:Strathcona
2793:Resolution
2733:Nottingham
2653:Ijjuriktuq
2414:Hudson Bay
2209:McAllister
2054:Culbertson
1860:Foxe Basin
1829:Paallavvik
1809:Nedlukseak
1804:Monumental
1784:Kekertaluk
1779:Idjuniving
1708:Tesseralik
1703:Shakshukuk
1583:Aupaluktut
1578:Aupaluktok
1573:Anarnittuq
1427:Broomfield
1344:Saglirjuaq
1339:Saglaarjuk
1117:Aulitiving
1107:Aulattivik
774:0810854864
718:0660140187
676:1560981717
623:27 October
593:0660140101
542:27 October
483:References
436:hornblende
173: (
3506:See also
3376:Skraeling
3341:Patterson
3243:Grosvenor
3218:Fairholme
3178:Des Voeux
3091:Alexander
3073:Ward Hunt
3067:Ellesmere
3026:Leybourne
2872:Cape Hope
2849:James Bay
2803:Salisbury
2763:Poodlatee
2748:Nuvursiit
2648:Holdridge
2638:Gudmusson
2566:Anguttuaq
2517:McCormack
2512:Marcopeet
2487:J. Gordon
2442:Commodore
2359:Whiskukun
2314:Quadrifid
2299:Ptarmigan
2294:Precipice
2279:Pink Lady
2174:Loks Land
2149:Kodlunarn
1994:Beveridge
1974:Anchorage
1969:Alligator
1895:Kapuiviit
1868:Air Force
1839:Qaqulluit
1834:Pilektuak
1819:Nunatsiaq
1773:Broughton
1762:Alikdjuak
1728:Utsusivik
1683:Opingivik
1623:Kaigosuit
1603:Ekallulik
1588:Blacklead
1394:Wollaston
1284:Pilattuaq
1259:Old Squaw
1249:Nakoaiyet
1189:Gyrfalcon
1169:Edgeworth
1159:Dexterity
1144:Bjarnason
1112:Aulitivik
836:Provinces
473:foreshore
382:In 1861,
292:in 1964.
261:Inuktitut
253:Qallunaaq
221:Territory
127:Geography
35:Qallunaaq
3474:Ulvingen
3346:Philpots
3321:Melville
3311:Margaret
3286:Lougheed
3238:Griffith
3198:Eglinton
3173:Crescent
3161:Cornwall
3111:Berkeley
3101:Bathurst
3036:Muingmak
3016:Killiniq
2981:Brevoort
2937:Strutton
2882:Charlton
2857:Akimiski
2723:Naniruaq
2482:Harrison
2388:Honeyman
2354:Thompson
2239:Monument
2234:Mitchell
2164:Lefferts
2129:Hantzsch
2109:Gardiner
2094:Fletcher
2044:Crimmins
1984:Augustus
1964:Algerine
1889:Igloolik
1849:Satigsun
1824:Nuvuktik
1799:Manitung
1789:Kekertuk
1752:Aggijjat
1718:Upajjana
1638:Kekerten
1568:Akulagok
1458:Flaherty
1422:Bradbury
1374:Stephens
1364:Somerset
1359:Simialuk
1349:Salikuit
1324:Qimivvik
1299:Prescott
1244:Mumiksaa
1224:Landslip
1194:Hamilton
1139:Bergesen
988:Category
915:Montreal
883:Kingston
878:Hamilton
853:Manitoba
617:Archived
536:Archived
132:Location
3486:italics
3464:Meighen
3386:Stupart
3371:Seymour
3356:Pioneer
3291:Lowther
3228:Garrett
3213:Exmouth
3208:Emerald
3141:Cameron
3106:Beechey
3011:Jackson
2947:Trodely
2927:Spencer
2808:Saqajaa
2703:MacColl
2693:Leading
2658:Ivvitsa
2633:Goodwin
2628:Erhardt
2611:Dolphin
2601:Charles
2492:Johnnys
2477:Gilmour
2472:Frazier
2437:Bronson
2334:Scalene
2249:Nouyarn
2219:McLaren
2214:McBride
2169:Leopold
2154:Kudlago
2124:Halford
2104:Gabriel
2074:Emerick
2049:Crowell
1814:Nudlung
1767:Angijak
1757:Akuglek
1733:Wareham
1713:Tuapait
1688:Sanigut
1678:Nuvujen
1673:Nunatak
1668:Nimigen
1608:Iglunga
1549:Wiegand
1534:Tukarak
1509:O'Leary
1474:La Duke
1442:Camsell
1379:Trinity
1334:Russell
1314:Qikiqta
1269:Pandora
1199:Imiliit
1102:Arvalik
1087:Akpatok
948:Nunavut
898:Toronto
888:Niagara
873:Ontario
843:Alberta
428:Iqaluit
336:Kalicho
296:History
273:Nunavut
226:Nunavut
154:65°25′W
151:62°49′N
3444:Gretha
3406:Vanier
3326:Nookap
3316:Massey
3256:Helena
3233:Graham
3188:Dundas
3151:Coburg
3146:Cheyne
3126:Browne
3116:Borden
3041:Rogers
3021:Knight
3006:Ilikok
3001:Hudson
2996:Hozier
2962:Weston
2957:Walter
2942:Sunday
2798:Saarru
2708:Mallik
2688:Lawson
2683:Lavoie
2643:Hector
2623:Edgell
2617:Dorset
2596:Button
2542:Perley
2537:Pattee
2532:Ottawa
2507:Mansel
2497:Kugong
2467:Fraley
2452:Digges
2398:Sabine
2393:Lavoie
2339:Sliver
2309:Qarsau
2289:Potter
2269:Pichit
2229:Metela
2224:McLean
2189:Luella
2144:Jenvey
2134:Harper
2059:Daniel
2039:Coffin
2029:Carter
2004:Brigus
1999:Bishop
1979:Aubrey
1945:Winter
1930:Siuraq
1925:Rowley
1693:Saunik
1663:Moodie
1648:Kudjak
1613:Imigen
1544:Walton
1519:Renouf
1469:Karlay
1399:Yeoman
1389:Vivian
1369:Spicer
1294:Plover
1264:Otrick
1239:Marvin
1214:Kilian
1184:Fraser
1164:Diana
1154:Davids
1123:Baffin
1092:Alfred
1075:
969:France
910:Quebec
893:Ottawa
771:
715:
673:
590:
213:Canada
3401:Truro
3391:Table
3301:Moore
3266:Hoved
3203:Ekins
3183:Devon
3121:Brock
2902:Moore
2897:Jacob
2877:Carey
2813:Sheer
2758:Point
2728:Niels
2606:Clark
2547:Smith
2527:Nuvuk
2522:Moore
2462:Elsie
2432:Booth
2422:Awrey
2403:Wales
2349:Sybil
2344:Smith
2324:Resor
2319:Redan
2254:Ogden
2159:Kungo
2119:Gross
2089:Field
2084:Faris
2034:Chase
2019:Cairn
2014:Bruce
2009:Brook
1940:White
1883:Foley
1618:Ivisa
1529:Split
1524:Snape
1514:Range
1494:Moore
1489:Mavor
1404:Young
1329:Round
1274:Payne
1179:Elder
1174:Eider
1149:Bylot
1129:Barth
1097:Allen
1082:Adams
953:Yukon
446:Notes
340:Arnaq
285:Inuit
259:) in
3469:Stor
3396:Thor
3381:Spit
3306:Marc
3248:Hans
2952:Twin
2932:Stag
2892:Gull
2862:Bear
2718:Mill
2678:Lacy
2668:King
2591:Bush
2502:Long
2457:Eddy
2383:Glen
2329:Sale
2304:Pugh
2284:Pope
2274:Pike
2264:Peak
2244:Nest
2204:Mary
2199:Mark
2194:Mair
2179:Long
2139:Hill
2079:Falk
2069:Eden
2024:Camp
1989:Bear
1900:Koch
1878:Bray
1873:Bird
1844:Rock
1598:Drum
1499:Nero
1484:Mata
1479:Loaf
1452:Fair
1447:Dove
1437:Cake
1229:Lock
769:ISBN
713:ISBN
671:ISBN
625:2021
588:ISBN
544:2021
198:Area
3454:Hat
3439:Fay
3351:Pim
2867:Big
2447:Cox
2427:Big
2259:Pan
2184:Low
2114:Gay
2064:Dog
1504:Ney
1432:Bun
1234:Low
390:'s
323:sic
3528::
3510:,
3492:,
767:.
763:.
711:.
707:.
689:^
669:.
665:.
633:^
615:.
611:.
552:^
534:.
528:.
515:^
505:.
499:.
31::
3514:.
1059:e
1052:t
1045:v
820:e
813:t
806:v
777:.
746:.
725:.
683:.
627:.
596:.
546:.
509:.
255:(
177:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
