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At high temperatures the localized f-electrons form independent local magnetic moments. According to the Kondo effect, the dc-resistivity of Kondo insulators shows a logarithmic temperature-dependence. At low temperatures, the local magnetic moments are screened by the sea of conduction electrons,
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and CeNiSn. They called the materials Kondo insulators, showing Kondo lattice behavior near room temperature, but becoming semiconducting with very small energy gaps (a few Kelvin to a few tens of Kelvin) when decreasing the temperature.
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down to 0.35 K and a change from metallic to insulating behavior in the resistivity measurement with decreasing temperature. They interpreted this phenomenon as a change of the electronic configuration of Sm.
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Hasan, M. Zahid; Xu, Su-Yang; Neupane, Madhab (2015), "Topological
Insulators, Topological Dirac semimetals, Topological Crystalline Insulators, and Topological Kondo Insulators",
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Hybridization and forming of an indirect energy (hybridization) gap due to the coherent Kondo screening of the local moments by the sea of conduction electrons.
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93:. As a consequence, a transition from metallic behavior to insulating behavior is seen in resistivity measurements. The band gap could be either
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198:. If the chemical potential lies in the hybridization gap, an insulating behavior can be seen in the dc-resistivity at low temperatures.
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experiments provided direct imaging of band-structure, hybridization and flat band topology in Kondo insulators and related compounds.
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Menth, A.; Buehler, E.; Geballe, T. H. (17 February 1969). "Magnetic and
Semiconducting Properties of SmB
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In 1992, Gabriel Aeppli and
Zachary Fisk found a descriptive way to explain the physical properties of Ce
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of localized electrons (mostly f-electrons) with conduction electrons, a correlation effect known as the
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In case of Kondo insulators the Fermi level (chemical potential) is located in the hybridization gap.
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lying in the gap, whereas in heavy fermion materials the chemical potential is located in the
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forming a so-called Kondo resonance. The interaction of the conduction band with the
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Coleman, P. (2007). "Heavy
Fermions: Electrons at the edge of magnetism".
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Dzero, Maxim; Xia, Jing; Galitski, Victor; Coleman, Piers (2016-03-10).
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Strongly correlated system with a narrow band gap at low temperatures
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336:, G. Aeppli, Z. Fisk, 1992, Comments Cond. Mat. Phys. 16, 155-170
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Riseborough, Peter S. (2000). "Heavy fermion semiconductors".
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Dispersion relation of conduction band and localized states.
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74:(in the order of 10 meV) at low temperatures with the
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Handbook of magnetism and advanced magnetic materials
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85:The band gap opens up at low temperatures due to
350:, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 55–100,
299:(7). American Physical Society (APS): 295–297.
169:results in a hybridization and an energy gap
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97:. Most studied Kondo insulators are FeSi, Ce
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228:Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics
203:angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
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258:10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-031214-014749
191:{\displaystyle \epsilon _{\mathrm {g} }}
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430:(3). Informa UK Limited: 257–320.
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224:"Topological Kondo Insulators"
132:found no magnetic ordering in
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356:10.1002/9783527681594.ch4
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293:Physical Review Letters
348:Topological Insulators
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477:Correlated electrons
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160:Transport properties
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305:1969PhRvL..22..295M
250:2016ARCMP...7..249D
124:Historical overview
45:solid-state physics
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95:direct or indirect
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56:(also referred as
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209:References
167:f-orbitals
53:insulators
460:119991477
452:0001-8732
415:124165851
321:0031-9007
266:1947-5454
178:ϵ
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72:band gap
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130:et al.
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50:Kondo
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411:OCLC
401:ISBN
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