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occurrences such as migrations of peoples, wars, and similar great historical events. He would never gain the impression that human behavior was dictated by intelligence, still less by responsible morality. If we suppose our extraneous observer to be a being of pure reason, devoid of instincts himself and unaware of the way in which all instincts in general and aggression in particular can miscarry, he would be at a complete loss how to explain history at all. The ever-recurrent phenomena of history do not have reasonable causes. It is a mere commonplace to say that they are caused by what common parlance so aptly terms "human nature." Unreasoning and unreasonable human nature causes two nations to compete, though no economic necessity compels them to do so; it induces two political parties or religions with amazingly similar programs of salvation to fight each other bitterly, and it impels an
Alexander or a Napoleon to sacrifice millions of lives in his attempt to unite the world under his scepter. We have been taught to regard some of the persons who have committed these and similar absurdities with respect, even as "great" men, we are wont to yield to the political wisdom of those in charge, and we are all so accustomed to these phenomena that most of us fail to realize how abjectly stupid and undesirable the historical mass behavior of humanity actually is
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an overpowering increase in the drives of feeding as well as of copulation and a waning of more differentiated social instincts is characteristic of very many domestic animals. I was frightened â as I still am â by the thought that analogous genetical processes of deterioration may be at work with civilized humanity. Moved by this fear, I did a very ill-advised thing soon after the
Germans had invaded Austria: I wrote about the dangers of domestication and, in order to be understood, I couched my writing in the worst of nazi-terminology. I do not want to extenuate this action. I did, indeed, believe that some good might come of the new rulers. The precedent narrow-minded catholic regime in Austria induced better and more intelligent men than I was to cherish this naive hope. Practically all my friends and teachers did so, including my own father who certainly was a kindly and humane man. None of us as much as suspected that the word "selection", when used by these rulers, meant murder. I regret those writings not so much for the undeniable discredit they reflect on my person as for their effect of hampering the future recognition of the dangers of domestication.
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418:. One result of these studies was that Lorenz "realized that an overpowering increase in the drives of feeding as well as of copulation and a waning of more differentiated social instincts is characteristic of very many domestic animals". Lorenz began to suspect and fear "that analogous processes of deterioration may be at work with civilized humanity." This observation of bird hybrids caused Lorenz to believe that domestication resulting from urbanisation in humans might also cause
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particular kind of positive feedback occurs when individuals OF THE SAME SPECIES enter into competition among themselves... For many animal species, environmental factors keep... intraspecies selection from disaster... But there is no force which exercises this type of healthy regulatory effect on humanity's cultural development; unfortunately for itself, humanity has learned to overcome all those environmental forces which are external to itself p44.
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461:. The objective was to study the biological characteristics of "German-Polish half-breeds" to determine whether they 'benefited' from the same work ethics as 'pure' Germans. The degree to which Lorenz participated in the project is unknown, but the project director Hippius referred a couple of times to Lorenz as an "examining psychologist".
512:, Germany, in 1950. In his memoirs, Lorenz described the chronology of his war years differently from what historians have been able to document after his death. He himself claimed that he was captured in 1942, where in reality he was only sent to the front and captured in 1944, leaving out entirely his involvement with the PoznaĆ project.
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is what allows the goose to learn to recognize members of its own species, enabling them to be the object of subsequent behavior patterns such as mating. He developed a theory of instinctive behavior that saw behavior patterns as largely innate but triggered through environmental stimuli, for example
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is determined by the progress of man's technology (p35)... human ecology (economy) is governed by mechanisms of POSITIVE feedback, defined as a mechanism which tends to encourage behavior rather than to attenuate it (p43). Positive feedback always involves the danger of an 'avalanche' effect... One
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Lorenz claimed that there was widespread contempt for the descriptive sciences. He attributed this to the denial of perception as the source of all scientific knowledge: "a denial that has been elevated to the status of religion." He wrote that in comparative behavioral research, "it is necessary to
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The competition between human beings destroys with cold and diabolic brutality... Under the pressure of this competitive fury we have not only forgotten what is useful to humanity as a whole, but even that which is good and advantageous to the individual. One asks, which is more damaging to modern
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Let us imagine that an absolutely unbiased investigator on another planet, perhaps on Mars, is examining human behavior on earth, with the aid of a telescope whose magnification is too small to enable him to discern individuals and follow their separate behavior, but large enough for him to observe
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The same individual geese on which we conducted these experiments, first aroused my interest in the process of domestication. They were F1 hybrids of wild
Greylags and domestic geese and they showed surprising deviations from the normal social and sexual behaviour of the wild birds. I realised that
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Lorenz's approach to ethology derived from a skepticism towards the studies of animal behavior done in laboratory settings. He considered that in order to understand the mechanisms of animal behavior, it was necessary to observe their full range of behaviors in their natural context. Lorenz did not
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A closer examination shows that these beings... not only do not damage each other, but often constitute a community of interests. It is obvious that the predator is strongly interested in the survival of that species, animal or vegetable, which constitutes its prey. ... It is not uncommon that the
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posthumously rescinded an honorary doctorate awarded to Lorenz in 1983, citing his party membership and his assertions in his application that he was "always a
National Socialist", and that his work "stands to serve National Socialist thought". The university also accused him of using his work to
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Tinbergen, Lorenz's friend with whom he conjointly received the Nobel prize, summarized Lorenz's major contribution to ethology as making behavior a topic of biological inquiry, considering behavior a part of an animal's evolutionary equipment. Tinbergen and Lorenz contributed to making
Ethology a
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birds (i.e. birds that leave their nest early) bond instinctively with the first moving object that they see within the first hours of hatching. Although Lorenz did not discover the topic, he became widely known for his descriptions of imprinting as an instinctive bond. In 1936, he met
Tinbergen,
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Lorenz married his childhood friend, Margarethe
Gebhardt, a gynaecologist, daughter of a market gardener who lived near the Lorenz family; they had a son and two daughters. He lived at the Lorenz family estate, which included a "fantastical neo-baroque mansion", previously owned by his father.
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To gain a desired prey, a dog or wolf will do things that, in other contexts, they would shy away from: run through thorn bushes, jump into cold water and expose themselves to risks which would normally frighten them. All these inhibitory mechanisms... act as a counterweight to the effects of
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to understand how the limited perception of animals filtered out certain phenomena with which they interacted instinctively. For example, a young goose instinctively bonds with the first moving stimulus it perceives, whether it be its mother, or a person. Lorenz showed that this behavior of
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948:. Only traits that help us survive and reproduce are transmitted. If our senses gave us wrong information about our environment, we would soon be extinct. Therefore, we can be sure that our senses give us correct information, for otherwise we would not be here to be deceived.
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carry out much traditional fieldwork but observed animals near his home. His method involved empathizing with animals, often using anthropomorphization to imagine their mental states. He believed that animals were capable of experiencing many of the same emotions as humans.
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humanity: the thirst for money or consuming haste... in either case, fear plays a very important role: the fear of being overtaken by one's competitors, the fear of becoming poor, the fear of making wrong decisions or the fear of not being up to snuff... (pp. 45â47)
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Lorenz has been called 'The father of ethology', by Niko
Tinbergen. Perhaps Lorenz's most important contribution to ethology was his idea that behavior patterns can be studied as anatomical organs. This concept forms the foundation of ethological research. However,
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Lorenz adopts an ecological model to attempt to grasp the mechanisms behind this contradiction. Thus "all species... are adapted to their environment... including not only inorganic components... but all the other living beings that inhabit the locality." p31.
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All the advantages that man has gained from his ever-deepening understanding of the natural world that surrounds him, his technological, chemical and medical progress, all of which should seem to alleviate human suffering... tends instead to favor humanity's
2315:. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1966. Translated by Marjorie Kerr Wilson. Originally published in Austria under the title DAS SOGENANNTE BĂSE. Zur Naturgeschichte der Aggression. Viena: Dr. G. Borotha-Schoeler Verlag, 1963, p. 263.
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mechanisms, which, in hierarchical fashion, dampen impulses that occur beneath a certain threshold. The thresholds themselves are the product of the interaction of contrasting mechanisms. Thus pain and pleasure act as checks on each other:
491:, he continued to work as a medic and "became tolerably fluent in Russian and got quite friendly with some Russians, mostly doctors." When he was repatriated, he was allowed to keep the manuscript of a book he had been writing and his pet
350:, a wealthy and distinguished surgeon, and his wife Emma (née Lecher), a physician who had been her husband's assistant. The family lived on a large estate at Altenberg, and had a city apartment in Vienna. He was educated at the
679:." His publications during that time led in later years to allegations that his scientific work had been contaminated by Nazi sympathies. His published writing during the Nazi period included support for Nazi ideas of "
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Haggbloom, Steven J.; Warnick, Renee; Warnick, Jason E.; Jones, Vinessa K.; Yarbrough, Gary L.; Russell, Tenea M.; Borecky, Chris M.; McGahhey, Reagan; Powell, John L. III; Beavers, Jamie; Monte, Emmanuelle (2002).
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642:. He argued that animals have an inner drive to carry out instinctive behaviors, and that if they do not encounter the right stimulus they will eventually engage in the behavior with an inappropriate stimulus.
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1062:, both written for a popular audience. His scientific work appeared mainly in journal articles, written in German; it became widely known to English-speaking scientists through its description in Tinbergen's
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After the war, Lorenz denied having been a party member, until his membership application was made public; and he denied having known the extent of the genocide, despite his position as a psychologist in the
382:. He graduated as Doctor of Medicine (MD) in 1928 and became an assistant professor at the Institute of Anatomy until 1935. He finished his zoological studies in 1933 and received his second doctorate (PhD).
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361:(winners of the prizes are requested to provide such essays), Lorenz credits his career to his parents, who "were supremely tolerant of my inordinate love for animals", and to his childhood encounter with
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A completely new which corresponds in every way to desires... could, theoretically, prove as durable as that which would have existed without his intervention (36).
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in 1941. He sought to be a motorcycle mechanic, but instead he was assigned as a military psychologist, conducting racial studies on humans in occupied
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395:, Lorenz recounts that while studying at the University of Vienna he kept a variety of animals at his parents' apartment, ranging from fish to a
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Anonymous, "Austrian university strips Nobel Prize winner Konrad Lorenz of doctorate due to Nazi past", Associated Press, 17 December 2015.
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Burkhardt, R. W. (2005). Patterns of behavior: Konrad Lorenz, Niko
Tinbergen, and the founding of ethology. University of Chicago Press.
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Lorenz states that humanity is the one species not bound by these mechanisms, being the only one that has defined its own environment:
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were childhood friends; many years after they met, during the celebration of Popper's 80 years, they wrote together a book entitled
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605:, through which in some species a bond is formed between a newborn animal and its caregiver. This principle had been discovered by
675:. In his application for party membership he wrote, "I'm able to say that my whole scientific work is devoted to the ideas of the
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Columbia
College (Columbia University). Office of Alumni Affairs and Development; Columbia College (Columbia University) (1989).
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The Natural Science of the Human Species: An Introduction to Comparative Behavioral Research â The Russian Manuscript (1944â1948)
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Föger, B., & Taschwer, K. (2001). Die andere Seite des Spiegels: Konrad Lorenz und der Nationalsozialismus. Czernin-Verlag.
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Lorenz predicted the relationship between market economics and the threat of ecological catastrophe. In his 1973 book,
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Vicedo, M. (2009). "The father of ethology and the foster mother of ducks: Konrad Lorenz as an Expert on Motherhood".
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1481:. Columbia University Libraries. New York, N.Y. : Columbia College, Office of Alumni Affairs and Development.
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was "so deeply ingrained" in Lorenz's thinking that he "evidently did not realize that his statements contravened
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in the 19th century, and Lorenz's mentor Oskar Heinroth had also worked on the topic, but Lorenz's description of
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For an English-language discussion of the Vienna of Popper and Lorenz's early years, see Malachi Haim Hacohen,
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Lorenz does not see human independence from natural ecological processes as necessarily bad. He states that:
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Sax, Boria (2007). "Konrad Lorenz and the Mythology of Science". In Aftandilian, Dave; et al. (eds.).
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describe various patterns of movement, record them, and above all, render them unmistakably recognizable."
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He retired from the Max Planck Institute in 1973 but continued to research and publish from Altenberg and
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survey, published in 2002, ranked Lorenz the 65th most cited scholar of the 20th century in the technical
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In 1936, at an international scientific symposium on instinct, Lorenz met his great friend and colleague
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Tinbergen, N. (1963). On Aims and Methods of Ethology. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Tierpsychologie, 20(4), 410â433.
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learning mechanisms... The organism cannot allow itself to pay a price which is not worth paying. p53.
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Here I Am â Where Are You? â A Lifetime's Study of the Uncannily Human Behaviour of the Greylag Goose
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813:; and his popular works, were important in bringing ethology to the attention of the general public.
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ideas, which were influential in the 1960s. Another of his contributions to ethology is his work on
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621:("The Companion in the Environment of Birds") became the foundational description of the phenomenon.
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Kalikow, T. J. (1983). "Konrad Lorenz's ethological theory: Explanation and ideology, 1938â1943".
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However, the principle of competition, typical of Western societies, destroys any chance of this:
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prey species derives specific benefits from its interaction with the predator species... pp31â33.
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In nature, these mechanisms tend towards a 'stable state' among the living beings of an ecology:
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recognized sub-discipline within Biology and founded the first specialized journal of the field "
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1724:, ed. Franz Kreuzer (Munich: Piper, 1985). Reprinted by Chicago: Northwestern University, 2011.
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Die Zukunft ist offen: das Altenberger GesprÀch, mit den Texten des Wiener Popper-Symposiums
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Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
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Karl Popper â The Formative Years, 1902â1945: Politics and Philosophy in Interwar Vienna
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At the request of his father, Adolf Lorenz, he began a premedical curriculum in 1922 at
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What Are Animals to Us? Approaches from Science, Religion, Folklore, Literature and Art
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is a summary of his life's work and focuses on his famous studies of greylag geese.
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4303:
4127:
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2741:
2266:
1764:
Anatomy of Restlessness- Uncollected Writings, Bruce Chatwin, Picador, 1997, p. 141
1293:
708:
jokes on 'Jewish characteristics' in letters to his mentor Heinroth. In 2015, the
705:
672:
347:
278:
1379:
6779:
6659:
6649:
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6446:
6402:
6382:
6357:
6335:
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5814:
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5357:
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3817:
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3701:
3366:
3162:
3079:
2709:
2701:
2685:
1898:
1355:
1151:
Die RĂŒckseite des Spiegels. Versuch einer Naturgeschichte menschlichen Erkennens
810:
730:
556:
524:
6959:
2401:"Titel "erschlichen": Uni Salzburg entzieht Konrad Lorenz die EhrendoktorwĂŒrde"
1476:
6871:
6702:
6592:
6541:
6506:
6452:
6436:
6416:
6411:
6407:
6316:
6087:
5756:
3844:
3103:
3051:
2998:
1952:(1997). "What is a 'Jewish Dog'?: Konrad Z. Lorenz and the Cult of Wildness".
1351:"Konrad Lorenz â Biographical, The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1973"
1319:
798:
726:
614:
442:
302:
271:
256:
4169:
2032:
Kalikow, T. J. (1978). Konrad Lorenz's "brown past": A reply to Alec Nisbett.
1627:
6727:
6579:
6441:
6422:
6391:
6305:
5824:
5771:
5766:
5741:
4950:
4297:
4045:
3597:
1967:
1949:
1798:
1601:
1502:
450:
386:
2011:
1906:
1852:
1531:
1277:
1268:
1249:
473:
454:
50:
2426:
820:
There are three research institutions named after Lorenz in Austria: the
6769:
6654:
6556:
6551:
6531:
6516:
6511:
6501:
6431:
6426:
6372:
5950:
5819:
5377:
5189:
4603:
4598:
4573:
4472:
3840:
598:
492:
469:
419:
385:
While still a student, Lorenz began developing what would become a large
290:
240:
229:
209:
172:
1811:
Yount, L. (2009). A to Z of Biologists. Infobase Publishing. pp. 183â184
1602:"Konrad Lorenz and the National Socialists: On the Politics of Ethology"
1532:"Konrad Lorenz and the National Socialists: On the Politics of Ethology"
338:
6566:
6265:
4638:
2479:
2170:
2003:
509:
476:, which made him "fully realize the complete inhumanity of the Nazis".
261:
205:
2149:
Lorenz, Konrad (1937). "On the formation of the concept of instinct".
766:
called Lorenz a "'good of the species' man", stating that the idea of
729:, a grass-roots movement that was formed to prevent the building of a
713:
spread "basic elements of the racist ideology of National Socialism".
6639:
6492:
5944:
734:
676:
629:
78:
1618:
1548:
1146:
Behind the Mirror: A Search for a Natural History of Human Knowledge
941:
Behind the Mirror: A Search for a Natural History of Human Knowledge
597:
Lorenz is recognized as one of the founding fathers of the field of
1834:
824:
was housed in Lorenz' family mansion at Altenberg before moving to
721:
During the final years of his life, Lorenz supported the fledgling
378:, but he returned to Vienna in 1923 to continue his studies at the
274:
journals, introductory psychology textbooks, and survey responses.
6786:
6774:
6759:
6754:
4892:
4541:
1684:"Konrad Lorenz, Pioneer in Study Of Animals' Behavior, Dies at 85"
1427:"Konrad Lorenz, Pioneer in Study of Animals' Behavior, Dies at 85"
847:
822:
Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research (KLI)
748:
428:
407:
337:
125:
1781:
Species of mind: the philosophy and biology of cognitive ethology
1024:
Honorary Doctorate, University of Salzburg, 1983, revoked in 2015
5888:
4648:
2488:
2302:
The citation is translated from the Italian version of the book.
6238:
5892:
5570:
4896:
4445:
4173:
2630:
2492:
426:
policies against this were therefore scientifically justified.
389:, ranging from domestic to exotic animals. In his popular book
797:, Lorenz developed this into a "psychohydraulic" model of the
508:
established the Lorenz Institute for Behavioral Physiology in
371:, which filled him with a great enthusiasm about wild geese."
260:
and the two collaborated in developing ethology as a separate
1250:"Konrad Zacharias Lorenz. 7 November 1903 â 27 February 1989"
875:
Fundamental to Lorenz's theory of ecology is the function of
2611:
Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research
2458:
Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research
1134:. With Paul Leyhausen (1973). New York: D. Van Nostrand Co.
1132:
Motivation of Human and Animal Behavior: An Ethological View
4441:
352:
Public Schottengymnasium of the Benedictine monks in Vienna
6234:
2098:"Uni Salzburg entzieht Konrad Lorenz die EhrendoktorwĂŒrde"
7115:
Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
2240:(1st ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 9, 72.
2122:
Tinbergen, N. (1963). "On aims and methods of ethology".
2100:. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ). 18 December 2015
1294:"The 100 most eminent psychologists of the 20th century"
228:. He is often regarded as one of the founders of modern
1114:
Das sogenannte Böse. Zur Naturgeschichte der Aggression
725:
and in 1984 became the figurehead of the Konrad Lorenz
251:. Working with geese, he investigated the principle of
7110:
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
7085:
World War II prisoners of war held by the Soviet Union
2420:
972:
Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1964
741:
and thus the destruction of the surrounding woodland.
570:
in Austria. He died on 27 February 1989 in Altenberg.
464:
Lorenz later described that he once saw transports of
204:; 7 November 1903 â 27 February 1989) was an Austrian
6936:
1573:
Biologists under Hitler: Expulsion, Careers, Research
907:
Regarding aggression in human beings, Lorenz states:
832:(KLF) at his former field station in GrĂŒnau; and the
1255:
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
539:. He was a friend and student of renowned biologist
357:
In his autobiographical essay, published in 1973 in
308:
Lorenz wrote numerous books, some of which, such as
301:. After the war, he regretted his membership in the
6890:
6827:
6802:
6710:
6701:
6628:
6578:
6565:
6491:
6285:
6127:
6106:
6010:
5926:
5790:
5722:
5609:
5523:
5428:
5258:
5106:
5012:
4939:
4930:
4826:
4805:
4684:
4479:
4350:
4319:
4288:
4258:
4234:
4209:
3827:
3492:
3153:
2889:
2668:
2598:
2547:
2526:
168:
132:
113:
105:
89:
60:
34:
2193:
1084:Er redete mit dem Vieh, den Vögeln und den Fischen
671:in 1938 and accepted a university chair under the
1883:Eisenberg, L. (2005). "Which Image for Lorenz?".
1029:Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
7150:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2117:
2115:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1033:GroĂes Verdienstkreuz mit Stern und Schulterband
654:" (originally "Zeitschift fĂŒr Tierpsychologie")
535:. In 1969, he became the first recipient of the
1606:International Journal of Comparative Psychology
1536:International Journal of Comparative Psychology
1388:. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p.
1163:Die acht TodsĂŒnden der zivilisierten Menschheit
1126:Studies in Animal and Human Behavior, Volume II
7130:Recipients of the Pour le MĂ©rite (civil class)
7075:Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
2290:Gli otto peccati capitali della nostra civiltĂ
2229:
2227:
2225:
1755:Konrad Lorenz, Alec Nisbett, Dent, 1976, p. 22
1412:Konrad Lorenz, Alec Nisbett, Dent, 1976, p. 15
1197:. (1988). Translated by Robert D. Martin from
1120:Studies in Animal and Human Behavior, Volume I
517:Max Planck Institute for Behavioral Physiology
277:Lorenz's work was interrupted by the onset of
7145:Members of the American Philosophical Society
6250:
5904:
5830:History of the creation-evolution controversy
5582:
4908:
4813:Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
4457:
4185:
2642:
2504:
1420:
1418:
1039:Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
617:birds such as greylag geese in his 1935 book
422:effects, and to argue in two papers that the
8:
997:. University of Chicago Press. p. 151.
7140:Austrian military personnel of World War II
7095:Members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences
5446:Concealing-Coloration in the Animal Kingdom
1736:(Cambridge University Press, 2002), 31â34.
1647:
1645:
1490:
1488:
1380:"Reintroducing Konrad Lorenz to Psychology"
809:. His influence on a younger generation of
7070:Academic staff of the University of Vienna
6707:
6575:
6257:
6243:
6235:
5911:
5897:
5889:
5589:
5575:
5567:
4936:
4915:
4901:
4893:
4818:International Society for Applied Ethology
4464:
4450:
4442:
4192:
4178:
4170:
2649:
2635:
2627:
2511:
2497:
2489:
2430:
2042:World Jewish Congress (18 December 2015).
1774:
1772:
1770:
1240:
1238:
1236:
989:Gold Medal of the Humboldt Society in 1972
862:, Lorenz addresses the following paradox:
49:
31:
7100:Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
5860:Relationship between religion and science
1842:
1617:
1547:
1309:
1267:
986:for the Popularization of Science in 1969
5097:Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes
1358:The Official Web Site of The Nobel Prize
844:Vision of the challenges facing humanity
838:University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna
326:, became popular reading. His last work
285:as a medic. In 1944, he was sent to the
6943:
2330:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
1248:; Sjolander, S.; Sjolander, S. (1992).
1232:
1102:Evolution and Modification of Behaviour
994:Alexander Von Humboldt: A Metabiography
965:Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
836:, an external research facility of the
2419:Konrad & Adolf Lorenz Museum KALM
1027:Grand Cross with Star and Sash of the
976:Elected a member of the United States
281:and in 1941 he was recruited into the
193:[ËkÉnÊaËttsaxaËÊiËasËloËÊÉnts]
2662:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
1450:. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p.
1012:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
959:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
852:With Nikolaas Tinbergen (right), 1978
521:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
342:Lorenz in 1904 with his elder brother
218:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
191:
152:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
7:
7105:Foreign members of the Royal Society
7050:German Army officers of World War II
7035:Nobel laureates from Austria-Hungary
6217:
2473:Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology
1385:Konrad Lorenz: The Man and His Ideas
1071:Studies in Animal and Human Behavior
690:In his autobiography, Lorenz wrote:
289:where he was captured by the Soviet
5324:The Naturalist on the River Amazons
2616:Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology
834:Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology
619:Der Kumpan in der Umwelt des Vogels
515:In 1958, Lorenz transferred to the
487:from 1944 to 1948. In captivity in
485:prisoner of war in the Soviet Union
7040:Columbia College (New York) alumni
5737:Central dogma of molecular biology
2136:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1963.tb01161.x
801:of behavior, which tended towards
785:to explain instinctive behaviors (
781:, Lorenz developed the idea of an
483:in 1944 where he quickly became a
25:
2588:Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins
2294:Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins
1992:Journal of the History of Biology
1682:Sullivan, Walter (1 March 1989).
1158:Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins
859:Civilized Man's Eight Deadly Sins
704:. He was also shown to have made
543:(grandson of "Darwin's bulldog",
519:in Seewiesen. He shared the 1973
441:In 1940 he became a professor of
7080:20th-century Austrian zoologists
6982:
6970:
6958:
6946:
6921:
6920:
6640:Mammalian anatomy and morphology
6216:
6205:
6204:
5873:
5872:
5514:
4877:
4876:
368:The Wonderful Adventures of Nils
5961:Central pattern generator (CPG)
5556:List of natural history dealers
5224:The Natural History of Selborne
2124:Zeitschrift fĂŒr Tierpsychologie
1720:Karl Popper and Konrad Lorenz,
1425:Sullivan, Walter (March 1989).
7155:Max Planck Institute directors
6155:Frog hearing and communication
5762:One geneâone enzyme hypothesis
5458:Adaptive Coloration in Animals
4522:Bee learning and communication
2606:Konrad Lorenz Forschungsstelle
2464:Konrad Lorenz Research Station
1886:American Journal of Psychiatry
1844:11858/00-001M-0000-002A-B0E9-E
1783:. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
1096:So kam der Mensch auf den Hund
1050:Lorenz's best-known books are
1019:American Philosophical Society
830:Konrad Lorenz Forschungsstelle
555:were good friends. Lorenz and
27:Austrian zoologist (1903â1989)
1:
2263:The Year of the Greylag Goose
2067:Klopfer 1994; Deichmann 1992.
1704:"Konrad Lorenz: Biographical"
1169:The Year of the Greylag Goose
1575:. Frankfurt/Main, New York:
1378:Campbell, Donald T. (1975).
1298:Review of General Psychology
978:National Academy of Sciences
267:Review of General Psychology
255:, the process by which some
7065:University of Vienna alumni
5214:Bernard Germain de LacépÚde
3754:Christiane NĂŒsslein-Volhard
1899:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.9.1760
1179:The Foundations of Ethology
789:). They experimented with "
7171:
6160:Infrared sensing in snakes
6145:Jamming avoidance response
5236:A History of British Birds
2454:Konrad Lorenz Institutes:
1199:Hier bin ich â wo bist du?
1189:Der Abbau des Menschlichen
934:Philosophical speculations
783:innate releasing mechanism
586:
537:Prix mondial Cino Del Duca
449:. He was drafted into the
328:Here I Am â Where Are You?
293:and spent four years as a
243:in animals, especially in
7135:Max Planck Society people
7090:Austrian prisoners of war
7055:Austrian military doctors
6916:
6272:
6200:
5868:
5551:Natural History Societies
5512:
5419:The Royal Natural History
5271:Ornithological Dictionary
5180:Johan Christian Fabricius
4872:
4579:Evolutionary neuroscience
4369:
2951:Charles Scott Sherrington
2927:Frederick Gowland Hopkins
2326:"Konrad Zacharias Lorenz"
2234:Dawkins, Richard (1976).
2192:Dawkins, Richard (1982).
1382:. In Evans, R. I. (ed.).
1320:10.1037/1089-2680.6.2.139
772:orthodox Darwinian theory
262:sub-discipline of biology
178:
161:
48:
7120:Kalinga Prize recipients
7030:Austrian Nobel laureates
6165:Caridoid escape reaction
5397:The Naturalist's Library
5300:On the Origin of Species
4532:Behavioral endocrinology
3941:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
2407:– via www.faz.net.
1577:Harvard University Press
1501:(3rd ed.). London:
1185:The Waning of Humaneness
1017:Elected a member of the
991:Rupke, Nicolaas (2008).
957:Elected a member of the
745:Contributions and legacy
447:University of Königsberg
406:. Together they studied
7020:Austrian ornithologists
6353:Biological anthropology
6018:Theodore Holmes Bullock
5531:Natural history museums
5133:Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
4727:IrenÀus Eibl-Eibesfeldt
4507:Animal sexual behaviour
2449:Biologists Under Hitler
2261:Lorenz, Konrad (1979).
2202:Oxford University Press
2151:Die Naturwissenschaften
1968:10.1163/156853097X00196
1600:Klopfer, Peter (1994).
1571:Deichmann, Ute (1992).
1530:Klopfer, Peter (1994).
1495:Lorenz, Konrad (2007).
1222:Imprinting (psychology)
1217:Animal mobbing behavior
702:Office of Racial Policy
589:Imprinting (psychology)
547:). Famed psychoanalyst
185:Konrad Zacharias Lorenz
65:Konrad Zacharias Lorenz
18:Konrad Zacharias Lorenz
7060:Scientists from Vienna
6175:Surface wave detection
5782:Spontaneous generation
5732:Germ theory of disease
5709:Zoology (through 1859)
5383:William Jackson Hooker
5331:Alexander von Humboldt
5248:Philosophie zoologique
5031:Pinax theatri botanici
4666:Tool use by non-humans
4619:Philosophical ethology
4564:Comparative psychology
4512:Animal welfare science
4375:Nobel Prize recipients
4321:Physiology or Medicine
2722:Santiago RamĂłn y Cajal
2196:The Extended Phenotype
1478:Columbia College today
1444:Nisbett, Alec (1976).
1269:10.1098/rsbm.1992.0011
931:
922:
914:
905:
896:
887:
869:
853:
758:
710:University of Salzburg
697:
438:
346:Lorenz was the son of
343:
295:German prisoner of war
6882:Alfred Russel Wallace
6792:Water vascular system
5991:Anti-Hebbian learning
5803:Philosophy of biology
5469:The Study of Instinct
5408:Kunstformen der Natur
5312:The Malay Archipelago
5307:Alfred Russel Wallace
5243:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
4310:Brian David Josephson
3223:Dickinson W. Richards
2907:Julius Wagner-Jauregg
2048:World Jewish Congress
1926:U. of Tennessee Press
1779:Allen, Colin (1997).
1173:Das Jahr der Graugans
1067:The Study of Instinct
926:
918:
909:
900:
891:
882:
864:
851:
787:fixed action patterns
752:
739:Hainburg an der Donau
692:
587:Further information:
561:Die Zukunft ist offen
432:
341:
216:. He shared the 1973
189:German pronunciation:
6743:Cellular respiration
6068:Bernhard Hassenstein
6001:Ultrasound avoidance
5976:Fixed action pattern
5939:Coincidence detector
5835:Human Genome Project
5747:Great chain of being
5714:Zoology (since 1859)
5649:Evolutionary thought
5619:Agricultural science
5388:Joseph Dalton Hooker
5341:The Birds of America
4772:William Homan Thorpe
4537:Behavioural genetics
4497:Animal consciousness
4492:Animal communication
3646:Rita Levi-Montalcini
3007:Albert Szent-Györgyi
2534:Fixed action pattern
2380:search.amphilsoc.org
2376:"APS Member History"
2279:Lorenz (1979), p. 7.
1928:. pp. 269â276.
1579:. pp. 261â264.
946:evolutionary biology
723:Austrian Green Party
380:University of Vienna
241:instinctive behavior
122:University of Vienna
6908:Timeline of zoology
6837:Karl Ernst von Baer
6738:Respiratory pigment
6613:Mineralized tissues
6135:Animal echolocation
6073:Werner E. Reichardt
6023:Walter Heiligenberg
5840:Humboldtian science
5777:Sequence hypothesis
5684:Molecular evolution
5436:Martinus Beijerinck
4979:De Natura Animalium
4527:Behavioural ecology
4038:William C. Campbell
3949:Elizabeth Blackburn
3786:Robert F. Furchgott
3778:Stanley B. Prusiner
3770:Rolf M. Zinkernagel
3670:George H. Hitchings
3634:Joseph L. Goldstein
3594:Bengt I. Samuelsson
3423:Earl Sutherland Jr.
2556:King Solomon's Ring
2421:https://www.kalm.at
2300:. 1974. p. 26.
2163:1937NW.....25..289L
1955:Society and Animals
1498:King Solomon's Ring
1079:King Solomon's Ring
1053:King Solomon's Ring
791:supernormal stimuli
677:National Socialists
545:Thomas Henry Huxley
479:He was sent to the
392:King Solomon's Ring
376:Columbia University
311:King Solomon's Ring
118:Columbia University
6953:History of science
6723:Respiratory system
6711:General physiology
6608:Connective tissues
6098:Fernando Nottebohm
5996:Sound localization
5971:Lateral inhibition
5850:Natural philosophy
5798:History of science
5598:History of biology
5541:Parson-naturalists
5373:Philip Henry Gosse
5336:John James Audubon
5319:Henry Walter Bates
5207:Histoire Naturelle
5195:Historia Plantarum
5083:Avium Praecipuarum
5067:Historia animalium
4968:Historia Plantarum
4956:History of Animals
4856:Behavioral Ecology
4777:Nikolaas Tinbergen
4569:Emotion in animals
4547:Cognitive ethology
4341:Nikolaas Tinbergen
4225:Geoffrey Wilkinson
4219:Ernst Otto Fischer
4098:William Kaelin Jr.
4094:Peter J. Ratcliffe
3837:Leland H. Hartwell
3726:Richard J. Roberts
3606:Barbara McClintock
3550:Godfrey Hounsfield
3451:Nikolaas Tinbergen
3383:Marshall Nirenberg
3351:Charles B. Huggins
3140:Tadeusz Reichstein
3128:AntĂłnio Egas Moniz
2923:Christiaan Eijkman
2429:on Nobelprize.org
2171:10.1007/BF01492648
2004:10.1007/bf00186675
1689:The New York Times
1431:The New York Times
952:Honours and awards
854:
803:group selectionist
779:Nikolaas Tinbergen
759:
755:Nikolaas Tinbergen
667:Lorenz joined the
624:Here, Lorenz used
529:Nikolaas Tinbergen
506:Max Planck Society
466:concentration camp
439:
404:Nikolaas Tinbergen
344:
222:Nikolaas Tinbergen
6934:
6933:
6877:Jakob von UexkĂŒll
6823:
6822:
6810:Insect physiology
6703:Animal physiology
6697:
6696:
6689:Insect morphology
6620:Molecular anatomy
6593:Epithelial tissue
6571:Animal morphology
6232:
6231:
6119:Slice preparation
5981:Krogh's Principle
5956:Feature detection
5886:
5885:
5752:Hierarchy of life
5699:Plant systematics
5679:Molecular biology
5564:
5563:
5510:
5509:
5128:Marcello Malpighi
5022:Ulisse Aldrovandi
5002:De Materia Medica
4890:
4889:
4782:Jakob von UexkĂŒll
4552:Comfort behaviour
4439:
4438:
4352:Economic Sciences
4167:
4166:
4132:Ardem Patapoutian
3981:Ralph M. Steinman
3977:Jules A. Hoffmann
3965:Robert G. Edwards
3933:Harald zur Hausen
3857:H. Robert Horvitz
3758:Eric F. Wieschaus
3694:E. Donnall Thomas
3678:J. Michael Bishop
3666:Gertrude B. Elion
3538:Hamilton O. Smith
3463:Christian de Duve
3199:Frederick Robbins
3076:Alexander Fleming
3015:Corneille Heymans
2861:Frederick Banting
2766:Allvar Gullstrand
2624:
2623:
2580:Behind the Mirror
2539:Hawk/goose effect
2355:www.nasonline.org
2247:978-0-19-857519-1
2215:978-0-19-286088-0
1935:978-1-57233-472-4
1790:978-0-262-51108-7
1742:978-0-521-89055-7
1730:978-3-492-00640-8
1586:978-0-674-07404-0
1516:978-0-415-26747-2
1461:978-0-15-147286-4
1399:978-0-15-147285-7
1004:978-0-226-73149-0
938:In his 1973 book
877:negative feedback
795:William McDougall
640:hawk/goose effect
626:Jakob von UexkĂŒll
613:, imprinting, in
541:Sir Julian Huxley
498:Behind the Mirror
182:
181:
163:Scientific career
16:(Redirected from
7162:
6987:
6986:
6985:
6975:
6974:
6973:
6963:
6962:
6951:
6950:
6949:
6942:
6924:
6923:
6852:Jean-Henri Fabre
6708:
6576:
6259:
6252:
6245:
6236:
6220:
6219:
6208:
6207:
6185:Mechanoreception
6180:Electroreception
6093:Masakazu Konishi
6058:Jörg-Peter Ewert
5913:
5906:
5899:
5890:
5876:
5875:
5855:Natural theology
5591:
5584:
5577:
5568:
5518:
5491:The Dancing Bees
5415:Richard Lydekker
5363:Jean-Henri Fabre
5348:William Buckland
5153:Regnier de Graaf
5047:Andrea Cesalpino
4937:
4917:
4910:
4903:
4894:
4880:
4879:
4842:Animal Cognition
4835:Animal Behaviour
4787:Wolfgang Wickler
4487:Animal cognition
4466:
4459:
4452:
4443:
4377:
4360:Wassily Leontief
4343:(United Kingdom)
4312:(United Kingdom)
4227:(United Kingdom)
4194:
4187:
4180:
4171:
4160:
4145:
4134:
4119:
4113:Michael Houghton
4100:
4090:Gregg L. Semenza
4084:
4078:James P. Allison
4072:
4070:Michael W. Young
4056:
4054:Yoshinori Ohsumi
4048:
4032:
4016:
4014:Thomas C. SĂŒdhof
4000:
3988:
3967:
3959:
3953:Carol W. Greider
3943:
3927:
3911:
3899:
3887:
3875:
3863:
3847:
3820:
3804:
3796:
3780:
3772:
3766:Peter C. Doherty
3760:
3744:
3738:Alfred G. Gilman
3732:
3720:
3708:
3696:
3684:
3682:Harold E. Varmus
3672:
3656:
3648:
3636:
3624:
3608:
3600:
3584:
3568:
3558:Baruj Benacerraf
3552:
3540:
3524:
3508:
3485:
3469:
3453:
3437:
3425:
3417:
3401:
3385:
3375:Robert W. Holley
3369:
3353:
3341:
3325:
3313:
3297:
3281:
3279:Georg von Békésy
3273:
3261:
3249:
3247:Joshua Lederberg
3233:
3225:
3219:Werner Forssmann
3209:
3201:
3185:
3173:
3165:
3146:
3130:
3118:
3110:
3108:Bernardo Houssay
3094:
3086:
3070:
3058:
3046:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3025:
3017:
3009:
3001:
2989:
2981:
2965:
2957:
2945:
2937:
2935:Karl Landsteiner
2929:
2917:
2909:
2901:
2899:Johannes Fibiger
2882:
2881:
2875:
2873:Willem Einthoven
2867:
2855:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2828:
2820:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2744:
2738:Ălie Metchnikoff
2732:
2730:Alphonse Laveran
2724:
2712:
2704:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2628:
2513:
2506:
2499:
2490:
2468:GrĂŒnau im Almtal
2434:
2409:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2372:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2322:
2316:
2311:LORENZ, Konrad.
2309:
2303:
2301:
2298:Adelphi Edizioni
2286:
2280:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2237:The Selfish Gene
2231:
2220:
2219:
2199:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2119:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2094:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2024:
2023:
1987:
1981:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1846:
1818:
1812:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1776:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1700:
1694:
1693:
1679:
1673:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1621:
1597:
1591:
1590:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1551:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1492:
1483:
1482:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1422:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1347:
1332:
1331:
1313:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1271:
1242:
1008:
685:pseudoscientific
607:Douglas Spalding
568:GrĂŒnau im Almtal
203:
202:
201:
195:
190:
96:
93:27 February 1989
74:
72:
53:
43:
32:
21:
7170:
7169:
7165:
7164:
7163:
7161:
7160:
7159:
6995:
6994:
6993:
6983:
6981:
6971:
6969:
6957:
6947:
6945:
6937:
6935:
6930:
6912:
6886:
6819:
6815:Fish physiology
6798:
6750:Vascular system
6693:
6631:
6624:
6598:Muscular tissue
6569:
6561:
6547:Platyhelminthes
6522:Xenacoelomorpha
6487:
6326:Lepidopterology
6281:
6268:
6263:
6233:
6228:
6196:
6150:Vision in toads
6123:
6102:
6053:Erich von Holst
6048:Karl von Frisch
6006:
5922:
5917:
5887:
5882:
5864:
5845:Natural history
5786:
5724:
5718:
5674:Model organisms
5611:
5605:
5595:
5565:
5560:
5519:
5506:
5487:Karl von Frisch
5424:
5393:William Jardine
5283:Le RĂšgne Animal
5254:
5202:Comte de Buffon
5163:Systema Naturae
5102:
5074:Frederik Ruysch
5052:Valerius Cordus
5042:Hieronymus Bock
5008:
4990:Natural History
4985:Pliny the Elder
4942:
4932:
4926:
4924:Natural history
4921:
4891:
4886:
4868:
4822:
4801:
4797:Solly Zuckerman
4737:Karl von Frisch
4722:Richard Dawkins
4707:John B. Calhoun
4692:Patrick Bateson
4680:
4614:Pain in animals
4475:
4470:
4440:
4435:
4373:
4365:
4362:(United States)
4346:
4329:Karl von Frisch
4315:
4306:(United States)
4284:
4275:(United States)
4273:Henry Kissinger
4254:
4230:
4205:
4198:
4168:
4163:
4148:
4137:
4122:
4117:Charles M. Rice
4109:Harvey J. Alter
4103:
4087:
4075:
4066:Michael Rosbash
4062:Jeffrey C. Hall
4059:
4051:
4035:
4026:May-Britt Moser
4019:
4003:
3998:Shinya Yamanaka
3991:
3970:
3962:
3957:Jack W. Szostak
3946:
3930:
3925:Oliver Smithies
3914:
3902:
3890:
3878:
3873:Peter Mansfield
3866:
3861:John E. Sulston
3850:
3834:
3823:
3807:
3799:
3783:
3775:
3763:
3750:Edward B. Lewis
3747:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3699:
3687:
3675:
3659:
3654:Susumu Tonegawa
3651:
3639:
3627:
3611:
3603:
3587:
3571:
3555:
3543:
3527:
3514:Roger Guillemin
3511:
3506:Daniel Gajdusek
3502:Baruch Blumberg
3499:
3488:
3479:Renato Dulbecco
3475:David Baltimore
3472:
3456:
3443:Karl von Frisch
3440:
3428:
3420:
3404:
3388:
3372:
3363:Haldan Hartline
3356:
3344:
3328:
3316:
3300:
3295:Maurice Wilkins
3284:
3276:
3264:
3259:Arthur Kornberg
3252:
3236:
3228:
3212:
3204:
3188:
3176:
3168:
3160:
3149:
3133:
3121:
3113:
3097:
3089:
3073:
3064:Joseph Erlanger
3061:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3020:
3012:
3004:
2992:
2984:
2968:
2960:
2948:
2940:
2932:
2920:
2915:Charles Nicolle
2912:
2904:
2896:
2885:
2879:
2878:
2870:
2858:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2831:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2803:
2802:
2796:
2795:
2787:
2779:
2771:
2763:
2758:Albrecht Kossel
2755:
2747:
2735:
2727:
2715:
2707:
2699:
2691:
2683:
2675:
2664:
2655:
2625:
2620:
2594:
2543:
2522:
2517:
2438:A chapter from
2417:
2412:
2399:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2359:
2357:
2351:"Konrad Lorenz"
2349:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2310:
2306:
2296:]. Milano:
2288:
2287:
2283:
2278:
2274:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2248:
2233:
2232:
2223:
2216:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2157:(19): 289â300.
2148:
2147:
2143:
2121:
2120:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2027:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1975:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1791:
1778:
1777:
1768:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1750:
1719:
1715:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1619:10.46867/C4P30R
1599:
1598:
1594:
1587:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1549:10.46867/C4P30R
1529:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1424:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1362:
1360:
1349:
1348:
1335:
1311:10.1.1.586.1913
1290:
1289:
1285:
1244:
1243:
1234:
1230:
1213:
1048:
1005:
990:
954:
936:
846:
768:group selection
764:Richard Dawkins
747:
719:
665:
660:
595:
585:
576:
553:Sir Peter Scott
533:Karl von Frisch
397:capuchin monkey
336:
239:Lorenz studied
226:Karl von Frisch
198:
197:
196:
188:
157:
120:
114:Alma mater
101:
100:Vienna, Austria
98:
94:
85:
83:Austria-Hungary
76:
75:7 November 1903
70:
68:
67:
66:
56:
44:
39:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7168:
7166:
7158:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7025:Austrian Nazis
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
6997:
6996:
6992:
6991:
6979:
6967:
6955:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6928:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6911:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6894:
6892:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6847:Charles Darwin
6844:
6842:Georges Cuvier
6839:
6833:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6821:
6820:
6818:
6817:
6812:
6806:
6804:
6800:
6799:
6797:
6796:
6795:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6783:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6762:
6757:
6747:
6746:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6714:
6712:
6705:
6699:
6698:
6695:
6694:
6692:
6691:
6686:
6684:Spider anatomy
6681:
6680:
6679:
6669:
6664:
6663:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6636:
6634:
6632:and morphology
6626:
6625:
6623:
6622:
6617:
6616:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6603:Nervous tissue
6600:
6595:
6584:
6582:
6573:
6567:Animal anatomy
6563:
6562:
6560:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6534:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6498:
6496:
6489:
6488:
6486:
6485:
6483:Zooarchaeology
6480:
6475:
6470:
6465:
6460:
6455:
6450:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6429:
6420:
6414:
6405:
6400:
6394:
6389:
6380:
6375:
6370:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6344:
6341:Orthopterology
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6321:Coleopterology
6314:
6309:
6298:Arthropodology
6295:
6289:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6279:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6262:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6239:
6230:
6229:
6227:
6226:
6214:
6201:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6192:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6170:Vocal learning
6167:
6162:
6157:
6152:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6131:
6129:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6116:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6070:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6043:Donald Kennedy
6040:
6038:Donald Griffin
6035:
6030:
6028:Niko Tinbergen
6025:
6020:
6014:
6012:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6004:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5986:Hebbian theory
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5941:
5936:
5930:
5928:
5924:
5923:
5918:
5916:
5915:
5908:
5901:
5893:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5880:
5869:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5800:
5794:
5792:
5788:
5787:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5728:
5726:
5720:
5719:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5571:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5538:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5520:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5504:
5497:Ronald Lockley
5494:
5484:
5472:
5465:Niko Tinbergen
5462:
5450:
5438:
5432:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5423:
5422:
5412:
5400:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5333:
5328:
5316:
5304:
5295:Charles Darwin
5292:
5287:
5278:Georges Cuvier
5275:
5266:George Montagu
5262:
5260:
5256:
5255:
5253:
5252:
5240:
5228:
5216:
5211:
5199:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5167:
5155:
5150:
5148:Jan Swammerdam
5145:
5140:
5138:William Derham
5135:
5130:
5125:
5112:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5090:
5079:William Turner
5076:
5071:
5062:Conrad Gessner
5059:
5057:Leonhart Fuchs
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5027:Gaspard Bauhin
5024:
5018:
5016:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
4994:
4982:
4972:
4960:
4947:
4945:
4934:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4920:
4919:
4912:
4905:
4897:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4873:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4859:
4852:
4849:Animal Welfare
4845:
4838:
4830:
4828:
4824:
4823:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4809:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4762:Desmond Morris
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4717:Marian Dawkins
4714:
4712:Charles Darwin
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4594:Human ethology
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4560:
4559:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4502:Animal culture
4499:
4494:
4489:
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4481:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4461:
4454:
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4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
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4364:
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4232:
4231:
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4215:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4154:Katalin KarikĂł
4146:
4135:
4120:
4101:
4085:
4073:
4057:
4049:
4033:
4017:
4010:Randy Schekman
4001:
3989:
3968:
3960:
3944:
3937:Luc Montagnier
3928:
3917:Mario Capecchi
3912:
3900:
3893:Barry Marshall
3888:
3876:
3869:Paul Lauterbur
3864:
3853:Sydney Brenner
3848:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3821:
3814:Paul Greengard
3810:Arvid Carlsson
3805:
3797:
3781:
3773:
3761:
3745:
3742:Martin Rodbell
3733:
3721:
3718:Edwin G. Krebs
3714:Edmond Fischer
3709:
3697:
3685:
3673:
3662:James W. Black
3657:
3649:
3637:
3625:
3622:CĂ©sar Milstein
3618:Georges Köhler
3609:
3601:
3590:Sune Bergström
3585:
3582:Torsten Wiesel
3578:David H. Hubel
3569:
3553:
3541:
3534:Daniel Nathans
3525:
3518:Andrew Schally
3509:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3486:
3470:
3454:
3438:
3431:Gerald Edelman
3426:
3418:
3415:Julius Axelrod
3402:
3399:Salvador Luria
3395:Alfred Hershey
3386:
3370:
3354:
3342:
3331:François Jacob
3326:
3314:
3298:
3282:
3274:
3262:
3250:
3234:
3226:
3215:André Cournand
3210:
3202:
3186:
3174:
3171:Selman Waksman
3166:
3157:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3136:Edward Kendall
3131:
3119:
3111:
3095:
3092:Hermann Muller
3087:
3071:
3068:Herbert Gasser
3059:
3047:
3040:
3033:
3026:
3023:Gerhard Domagk
3018:
3010:
3002:
2990:
2982:
2979:William Murphy
2971:George Whipple
2966:
2958:
2946:
2938:
2930:
2918:
2910:
2902:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2884:
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2876:
2868:
2856:
2849:Archibald Hill
2844:
2837:
2829:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2785:
2782:Charles Richet
2777:
2769:
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2493:
2487:
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2477:
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2470:
2461:
2452:
2444:
2435:
2416:
2415:External links
2413:
2411:
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2392:
2367:
2342:
2317:
2304:
2281:
2272:
2253:
2246:
2221:
2214:
2184:
2141:
2130:(4): 410â433.
2111:
2089:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2034:
2025:
1982:
1973:
1941:
1934:
1912:
1875:
1866:
1835:10.1086/599553
1829:(2): 263â291.
1813:
1804:
1789:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1713:
1708:nobelprize.org
1695:
1674:
1660:Alec Nisbett,
1653:
1641:
1592:
1585:
1563:
1542:(4): 202â208.
1522:
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845:
842:
826:Klosterneuburg
777:Together with
746:
743:
718:
715:
681:racial hygiene
664:
661:
659:
656:
628:'s concept of
584:
581:
575:
572:
549:Ralph Greenson
489:Soviet Armenia
459:Rudolf Hippius
399:named Gloria.
363:Selma Lagerlöf
359:Les Prix Nobel
335:
332:
299:Soviet Armenia
234:Oskar Heinroth
180:
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97:(aged 85)
91:
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62:
58:
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55:Lorenz in 1978
54:
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45:
38:
35:
26:
24:
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10:
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7026:
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7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7005:Konrad Lorenz
7003:
7002:
7000:
6990:
6980:
6978:
6968:
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6956:
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6896:
6895:
6893:
6889:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6867:Konrad Lorenz
6865:
6863:
6862:Carl Linnaeus
6860:
6858:
6857:William Kirby
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
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6835:
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6808:
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6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6767:
6766:
6765:Blood vessels
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6752:
6751:
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6713:
6709:
6706:
6704:
6700:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6678:
6677:Shark anatomy
6675:
6674:
6673:
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6668:
6665:
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6656:
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6568:
6564:
6558:
6555:
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6550:
6548:
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6537:Aschelminthes
6535:
6533:
6530:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6490:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6458:Neuroethology
6456:
6454:
6451:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6421:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6401:
6398:
6397:Testudinology
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6378:Helminthology
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6348:
6347:Myriapodology
6345:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6307:
6303:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6293:Anthrozoology
6291:
6290:
6288:
6284:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6271:
6267:
6260:
6255:
6253:
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6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6033:Konrad Lorenz
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6015:
6013:
6009:
6002:
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5966:NMDA receptor
5964:
5962:
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5946:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5920:Neuroethology
5914:
5909:
5907:
5902:
5900:
5895:
5894:
5891:
5879:
5871:
5870:
5867:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5851:
5848:
5846:
5843:
5841:
5838:
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5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5809:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
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5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
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5727:
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5707:
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5702:
5700:
5697:
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5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5634:Biotechnology
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5608:
5603:
5599:
5592:
5587:
5585:
5580:
5578:
5573:
5572:
5569:
5557:
5554:
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5549:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5536:
5532:
5529:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5517:
5502:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5488:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5480:On Aggression
5476:
5475:Konrad Lorenz
5473:
5470:
5466:
5463:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5442:
5441:Abbott Thayer
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5420:
5416:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5403:Ernst Haeckel
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5368:Louis Agassiz
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5353:Charles Lyell
5351:
5349:
5346:
5343:
5342:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5326:
5325:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5290:William Smith
5288:
5285:
5284:
5279:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5257:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5231:Thomas Bewick
5229:
5226:
5225:
5220:
5219:Gilbert White
5217:
5215:
5212:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5170:Georg Steller
5168:
5165:
5164:
5159:
5158:Carl Linnaeus
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5108:Enlightenment
5105:
5098:
5094:
5091:
5088:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5075:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5037:Otto Brunfels
5035:
5032:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5011:
5004:
5003:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4938:
4935:
4929:
4925:
4918:
4913:
4911:
4906:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4895:
4883:
4875:
4874:
4871:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4844:
4843:
4839:
4837:
4836:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4825:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4767:Thomas Sebeok
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4757:Konrad Lorenz
4755:
4753:
4752:Julian Huxley
4750:
4748:
4747:Heini Hediger
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4677:
4676:Zoomusicology
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4609:Neuroethology
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4517:Anthrozoology
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4478:
4474:
4467:
4462:
4460:
4455:
4453:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4371:
4368:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4335:Konrad Lorenz
4333:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4318:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4287:
4280:
4277:
4274:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4250:
4249:Patrick White
4247:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4226:
4223:
4220:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4203:
4195:
4190:
4188:
4183:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4172:
4159:
4158:Drew Weissman
4155:
4151:
4147:
4144:
4140:
4136:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4079:
4074:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4058:
4055:
4050:
4047:
4043:
4042:Satoshi Ćmura
4039:
4034:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4006:James Rothman
4002:
3999:
3995:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3973:Bruce Beutler
3969:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3954:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3910:
3906:
3901:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3885:Linda B. Buck
3882:
3877:
3874:
3870:
3865:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3826:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3806:
3803:
3802:GĂŒnter Blobel
3798:
3795:
3791:
3790:Louis Ignarro
3787:
3782:
3779:
3774:
3771:
3767:
3762:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3731:
3730:Phillip Sharp
3727:
3722:
3719:
3715:
3710:
3707:
3703:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3690:Joseph Murray
3686:
3683:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3658:
3655:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3642:Stanley Cohen
3638:
3635:
3631:
3630:Michael Brown
3626:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3610:
3607:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3591:
3586:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3570:
3567:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3551:
3547:
3546:Allan Cormack
3542:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3523:
3522:Rosalyn Yalow
3519:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3467:George Palade
3464:
3460:
3459:Albert Claude
3455:
3452:
3448:
3447:Konrad Lorenz
3444:
3439:
3436:
3435:Rodney Porter
3432:
3427:
3424:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3411:Ulf von Euler
3408:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3359:Ragnar Granit
3355:
3352:
3348:
3343:
3340:
3339:Jacques Monod
3336:
3332:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3312:
3311:Andrew Huxley
3308:
3304:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3287:Francis Crick
3283:
3280:
3275:
3272:
3271:Peter Medawar
3268:
3263:
3260:
3256:
3251:
3248:
3244:
3240:
3239:George Beadle
3235:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3211:
3208:
3207:Hugo Theorell
3203:
3200:
3196:
3195:Thomas Weller
3192:
3187:
3184:
3183:Fritz Lipmann
3180:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3164:
3159:
3158:
3156:
3152:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3093:
3088:
3085:
3084:Howard Florey
3081:
3077:
3072:
3069:
3065:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3016:
3011:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2988:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2964:
2963:Thomas Morgan
2959:
2956:
2952:
2947:
2944:
2939:
2936:
2931:
2928:
2924:
2919:
2916:
2911:
2908:
2903:
2900:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2877:
2874:
2869:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2854:
2853:Otto Meyerhof
2850:
2845:
2838:
2835:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2791:
2790:RĂłbert BĂĄrĂĄny
2786:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2774:Alexis Carrel
2770:
2767:
2762:
2759:
2754:
2751:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2723:
2719:
2718:Camillo Golgi
2714:
2711:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2687:
2682:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2652:
2647:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2572:On Aggression
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:Man Meets Dog
2561:
2558:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2520:Konrad Lorenz
2514:
2509:
2507:
2502:
2500:
2495:
2494:
2491:
2485:
2481:
2480:Konrad Lorenz
2478:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2450:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2440:On Aggression
2436:
2433:
2428:
2427:Konrad Lorenz
2425:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2314:
2313:On Aggression
2308:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2282:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2197:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2152:
2145:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2076:Klopfer 1994.
2073:
2070:
2064:
2061:
2049:
2045:
2038:
2035:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1986:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1927:
1924:. Knoxville:
1923:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1699:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1670:0-15-147286-6
1667:
1663:
1662:Konrad Lorenz
1657:
1654:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1471:
1468:
1463:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1447:Konrad Lorenz
1440:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1381:
1374:
1371:
1359:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1304:(2): 139â52.
1303:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1141:
1140:0-442-24886-5
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1109:On Aggression
1106:
1103:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1091:Man Meets Dog
1088:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1059:On Aggression
1055:
1054:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1000:
996:
995:
988:
985:
984:Kalinga Prize
982:
979:
975:
973:
969:
966:
963:
960:
956:
955:
951:
949:
947:
943:
942:
933:
930:
925:
921:
917:
913:
908:
904:
899:
895:
890:
886:
881:
878:
873:
868:
863:
861:
860:
850:
843:
841:
839:
835:
831:
828:in 2013; the
827:
823:
818:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
773:
769:
765:
756:
751:
744:
742:
740:
736:
732:
728:
727:Volksbegehren
724:
716:
714:
711:
707:
703:
696:
691:
688:
686:
683:" couched in
682:
678:
674:
670:
662:
657:
655:
653:
647:
643:
641:
636:
631:
627:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
594:
593:Ritualization
590:
582:
580:
574:Personal life
573:
571:
569:
564:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
502:
500:
499:
494:
490:
486:
482:
481:Russian front
477:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
436:
431:
427:
425:
424:Nazi eugenics
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
400:
398:
394:
393:
388:
383:
381:
377:
372:
370:
369:
364:
360:
355:
353:
349:
340:
333:
331:
329:
325:
324:
323:Man Meets Dog
319:
318:
317:On Aggression
313:
312:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
287:Eastern Front
284:
280:
275:
273:
269:
268:
263:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:greylag geese
242:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
214:ornithologist
211:
207:
200:
194:
186:
177:
174:
171:
167:
164:
160:
153:
150:
147:
146:Kalinga Prize
144:
141:
138:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
116:
112:
108:
104:
92:
88:
84:
80:
63:
59:
52:
47:
42:
36:Konrad Lorenz
33:
30:
19:
6866:
6733:Gas exchange
6672:Fish anatomy
6667:Bird anatomy
6527:Ambulacraria
6473:Paleozoology
6468:Parasitology
6387:Batrachology
6368:Ethnozoology
6363:Cnidariology
6221:
6209:
6190:Lateral line
6140:Waggle dance
6078:Eric Knudsen
6032:
5943:
5689:Paleontology
5629:Biochemistry
5500:
5490:
5478:
5474:
5468:
5456:
5453:Hugh B. Cott
5444:
5429:20th century
5418:
5406:
5396:
5339:
5322:
5310:
5298:
5281:
5269:
5259:19th century
5246:
5234:
5222:
5205:
5193:
5185:James Hutton
5175:Joseph Banks
5161:
5121:Micrographia
5119:
5116:Robert Hooke
5096:
5086:
5082:
5065:
5030:
5000:
4988:
4978:
4966:
4963:Theophrastus
4954:
4861:
4854:
4847:
4840:
4833:
4792:E. O. Wilson
4756:
4742:Jane Goodall
4702:Donald Broom
4671:Zoosemiotics
4624:Sociobiology
4405:
4334:
4304:Ivar Giaever
4143:Svante PÀÀbo
4128:David Julius
4082:Tasuku Honjo
4030:Edvard Moser
4022:John O'Keefe
3985:posthumously
3984:
3921:Martin Evans
3897:Robin Warren
3881:Richard Axel
3828:2001âpresent
3706:Bert Sakmann
3574:Roger Sperry
3566:George Snell
3562:Jean Dausset
3530:Werner Arber
3483:Howard Temin
3446:
3407:Bernard Katz
3391:Max DelbrĂŒck
3347:Francis Rous
3323:Feodor Lynen
3319:Konrad Bloch
3307:Alan Hodgkin
3291:James Watson
3267:Frank Burnet
3255:Severo Ochoa
3243:Edward Tatum
3231:Daniel Bovet
3144:Philip Hench
3056:Edward Doisy
2987:Hans Spemann
2975:George Minot
2955:Edgar Adrian
2943:Otto Warburg
2865:John Macleod
2834:August Krogh
2826:Jules Bordet
2742:Paul Ehrlich
2694:Niels Finsen
2678:Emil Behring
2599:Institutions
2586:
2578:
2570:
2562:
2554:
2519:
2460:in Altenberg
2448:
2439:
2418:
2404:
2395:
2383:. Retrieved
2379:
2370:
2358:. Retrieved
2354:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2329:
2320:
2312:
2307:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2275:
2269:. p. 6.
2267:Eyre Methuen
2262:
2256:
2236:
2195:
2187:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2127:
2123:
2102:. Retrieved
2092:
2081:
2072:
2063:
2051:. Retrieved
2047:
2037:
2028:
1998:(1): 39â73.
1995:
1991:
1985:
1976:
1959:
1953:
1944:
1921:
1915:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1869:
1826:
1822:
1816:
1807:
1780:
1760:
1751:
1745:Google books
1733:
1721:
1716:
1707:
1698:
1687:
1677:
1661:
1656:
1609:
1605:
1595:
1572:
1566:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1497:
1477:
1470:
1446:
1439:
1430:
1408:
1384:
1373:
1361:. Retrieved
1354:
1301:
1297:
1286:
1259:
1253:
1246:Krebs, J. R.
1203:
1198:
1194:
1188:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1057:
1051:
1049:
1032:
993:
939:
937:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
906:
901:
897:
892:
888:
883:
874:
870:
865:
857:
855:
819:
815:
776:
760:
757:(left), 1978
720:
706:anti-Semitic
698:
693:
689:
666:
648:
644:
623:
618:
610:
596:
577:
565:
560:
514:
503:
496:
478:
463:
440:
433:Lorenz as a
401:
390:
384:
373:
366:
358:
356:
348:Adolf Lorenz
345:
327:
321:
315:
309:
307:
279:World War II
276:
265:
238:
184:
183:
162:
95:(1989-02-27)
29:
7045:Ethologists
7015:1989 deaths
7010:1903 births
6903:Post-Darwin
6780:Capillaries
6718:Respiration
6478:Planktology
6463:Ornithology
6447:Primatology
6403:Ichthyology
6383:Herpetology
6358:Bryozoology
6336:Myrmecology
6331:Melittology
6312:Carcinology
6302:Arachnology
6114:Patch clamp
6083:Eric Kandel
6063:Franz Huber
5934:Feedforward
5815:Ethnobotany
5704:RNA biology
5612:disciplines
5501:Shearwaters
5358:Mary Anning
5143:Hans Sloane
5093:John Gerard
5087:New Herball
5014:Renaissance
4997:Dioscorides
4933:naturalists
4732:Dian Fossey
4697:Marc Bekoff
4685:Ethologists
4251:(Australia)
4202:Nobel Prize
3994:John Gurdon
3909:Craig Mello
3905:Andrew Fire
3818:Eric Kandel
3794:Ferid Murad
3702:Erwin Neher
3614:Niels Jerne
3379:Har Khorana
3367:George Wald
3335:André Lwoff
3303:John Eccles
3191:John Enders
3163:Max Theiler
3124:Walter Hess
3116:Paul MĂŒller
3080:Ernst Chain
2750:Emil Kocher
2710:Robert Koch
2702:Ivan Pavlov
2686:Ronald Ross
2104:19 December
1962:(1): 3â21.
1893:(9): 1760.
1505:. pp.
1356:Nobel prize
1262:: 210â228.
867:destruction
811:ethologists
731:power plant
687:metaphors.
673:Nazi regime
557:Karl Popper
525:ethologists
468:inmates at
283:German Army
106:Nationality
6999:Categories
6898:Pre-Darwin
6872:Thomas Say
6829:Zoologists
6803:By species
6542:Arthropoda
6507:Ctenophora
6453:Nematology
6437:Felinology
6417:Teuthology
6412:Conchology
6408:Malacology
6317:Entomology
6088:Nobuo Suga
6003:in insects
5757:Lamarckism
5664:Immunology
4931:Pioneering
4634:Structures
4629:Stereotypy
4279:LĂȘ Äức Thá»
4236:Literature
3845:Paul Nurse
3179:Hans Krebs
3104:Gerty Cori
3052:Henrik Dam
2999:Otto Loewi
2995:Henry Dale
2447:Review of
2265:. London:
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1672:, page 94.
1363:7 November
1228:References
970:Elected a
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799:motivation
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635:imprinting
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443:psychology
435:Soviet POW
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272:psychology
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253:imprinting
210:ethologist
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6989:Biography
6728:Breathing
6580:Histology
6442:Hippology
6423:Mammalogy
6392:Ophiology
6306:Acarology
5825:Dysgenics
5808:Teleology
5772:RNA world
5767:Protocell
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4951:Aristotle
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4281:(Vietnam)
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