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133:
301:. Based on the evidence presented, Akulov concludes that the Koropok-Guru legend is nothing more than a story. It does not signify a mysterious pre-Ainu race, but rather reflects a traditional Ainu dwelling practice that predates significant Japanese influence. He cites Pozdneyev, arguing that the legend "was spread there where Ainu were already more or less japanized", quoting:
286:. Early ethnographer Tsuboi Shogoro believed the Koropok-Guru legends pointed to a previous population that the Ainu displaced or even eradicated. These conclusions mostly come from misinterpretations of Hokkaido Jomon artifacts (such as pottery, tools, and arrowheads), which were understudied at the time and markedly different from what contemporaneous Ainu used.
350:
being a locative particle, which doesn't carry the idea of dwarves or little people. He further argues that, even if "Koropok-guru" literally meant "people under the
Petasites" plant, it wouldn't imply dwarfish stature. Batchelor himself, standing nearly 5 ft. 8 in., could comfortably walk and even
305:
Further northward the legend has terminated, in the northern Kuril
Islands there nobody knows anything about it, and Ainu of Northern Kurils not only tell that the islands were not inhabited by someone else but insisted that they had lived in these islands since very deep antiquity. Being
234:
were on good terms with the Ainu, and would send them deer, fish, and other game and exchange goods with them. The little people hated to be seen, however, so they would stealthily make their deliveries under the cover of night.
351:
ride a pony amongst the
Petasites leaves. He found it humorous to imagine how tall the people who named the pit-dwellers "dwarves" must have been if they considered movement beneath the plant indicative of short stature.
250:
woman, who was so enraged at the young man's rudeness that her people have not been seen since. Their pits, pottery, and stone implements, the Ainu believe, still remain scattered about the landscape.
270:, which suggested that the Ainu, migrating from the north, overtook and displaced an earlier population known as the Koro-pok-kuru. He believed the Koro-pok-kuru shared similarities with the
289:
Alexander Akulov refutes early anthropologists, stating that the pit-dwellings supposedly associated with the pre-Ainu aboriginal people were also built by the Ainu themselves in the
226:
were the people who lived in the Ainu land before the Ainu themselves lived there. They were short of stature, agile, and skilled at fishing. They lived in pits with roofs made from
740:
330:", respectively meaning "sites belonging to people who dwelt below ground" and "house sites of people who had earth houses." He arguments that the original meaning of
712:
600:
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444:
European studies on Ainu language and culture. Philipp-Franz-von-Siebold-Stiftung. Deutschen
Institut für Japanstudien Iudicium-Verl., 1993
544:
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119:
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691:МАТЕРИАЛЫ ПО ИСТОРИИ СЕВЕРНОЙ ЯПОНИИ И ЕЕ ОТНОШЕНИЙ К МАТЕРИКУ АЗИИ И РОССИИ. Т. 1. ДАННЫЕ ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ И ЭТНОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ
246:
came to place something there, the young man grabbed it by the hand and dragged it inside. It turned out to be a beautiful
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interrogated about the remains of the Stone Age they confidently responded that these remains belong to their ancestors.
100:
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The
Koropok-Guru or pit-dwellers of north Japan, and, A critical examination of the nomenclature of Yezo, Volume 19
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Alone With The Hairy Ainu: Or, 3800 Miles On A Pack Saddle In Yezo And A Cruise To The Kurile
Islands
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413:
Alone with the Hairy Ainu or, 3,800 Miles on a Pack Saddle in Yezo and a Cruise to the Kurile
Islands
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of the northern
Japanese islands. The name is traditionally analysed as a tripartite compound of
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665:"An Ainu–English–Japanese Dictionary/Chapter I/Section V - Wikisource, the free online library"
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for himself, so he waited in ambush by the window where their gifts were usually left. When a
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Alone with the Hairy Ainu: Or, 3800 Miles on a Pack Saddle Arnold Henry Savage Landor - 1893
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can only be translated as “under, beneath, below.” The full name would be
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which includes a somewhat different interpretation of the koro-pok-guru.
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Some anthropologists of the 19th and 20th centuries believed that the
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John
Batchelor says that certain pit-dwellings associated with the
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Ainu-Grammatik, vol.2 Hans
Adalbert Dettmer, O. Harrassowitz, 1997
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601:"Gentlemen's Agreement, 1908: Fragments for a Pacific History"
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One day, a young Ainu man decided he wanted to see a
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
266:proposed a theory about the indigenous people of
191:, are a race of small people in folklore of the
562:"Maritime Adaptations on the North Pacific Rim"
262:were in fact a "race that predated the Ainu".
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406:(Harvard University) (digitized Jan 20, 2006)
274:people and may have arrived in Yezo from the
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334:was not "people of the Petasites plant" (
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
644:Cultural Anthropology and Ethnosemiotics
535:Savage Landor, Arnold (23 August 2015).
338:being synonymous with butterbur), since
474:"Current Notes on Anthropology. No. XL"
437:
254:Anthropologic and Folkloric Discussions
328:Toi chisei kotcha utara kot chisei kot
27:Race of small people in Ainu folklore
7:
659:
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
410:Arnold Henry Savage Landor (2001).
25:
278:. Allen P. McCartney equated the
688:Matveyevich Pozdneyev, Dmitriy.
539:. Creative Media Partners, LLC.
34:
324:Koropok-un-guru koro chisei kot
45:needs additional citations for
1:
498:10.1126/science.ns-23.577.105
713:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
560:McCartney, Allen P. (1974).
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346:, “people dwelling below,”
297:, an argument also used by
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222:The Ainu believe that the
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136:Wooden Koro-pok-guru dolls
617:10.1525/rep.2009.107.1.91
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2929:Ainu legendary creatures
396:: Japan Mail. p. 18
472:Brinton, D. G. (1894).
2470:Yashima no Hage-tanuki
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230:leaves. Long ago, the
207:("under, below"), and
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1004:Konjaku Monogatarishū
316:–Japanese Dictionary,
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1036:in Japanese Folklore
1034:Legendary Creatures
54:improve this article
1022:Uji Shūi Monogatari
921:Taketori Monogatari
638:Akulov, Alexander.
566:Arctic Anthropology
490:1894Sci....23..105B
2934:Dwarves (folklore)
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912:Shita-kiri Suzume
768:Awa Tanuki Gassen
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1474:Hitotsume-nyūdō
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377:Further reading
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280:Okhotsk culture
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189:koro-pok-guru
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173:Koro-pok-kuru
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110:November 2011
102:
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2654:Tsurara-onna
2157:Onihitokuchi
2110:Kijo/Onibaba
2101:Ibaraki-dōji
1793:Kuda-gitsune
1756:
1456:Hito-gitsune
813:Hyakki Yagyō
690:
683:
672:. Retrieved
668:
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569:
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555:
536:
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484:(577): 105.
481:
477:
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398:. Retrieved
388:
366:Nivkh people
347:
343:
339:
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332:Koropok-guru
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107:
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83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2908:Inoue Enryō
2881:Folklorists
2607:Ittan-momen
2589:Boroboroton
2562:Abumi-guchi
2553:Tsukumogami
2385: [
2202:Osakabehime
2137:Shuten-dōji
2047:Oboroguruma
1894:Mokumokuren
1865:Miage-nyūdō
1748:Konaki-jiji
1528:Ishinagenjo
1443: [
1377:Gashadokuro
1301: [
1235:Bake-kujira
1154:Amefurikozō
1046:Abura-akago
1013:Otogi-zōshi
939:Tawara Tōda
822:Issun-bōshi
786:Hachikazuki
650:(2): 17–31.
572:: 153–162.
416:. Elibron.
312:Ainu–Englis
193:Ainu people
177:korobokkuru
168:Koropokkuru
69:"Korpokkur"
18:Koropokkuru
2923:Categories
2893:Keigo Seki
2616:Kasa-obake
2544:Tsuchinoko
2535:Tsuchigumo
2407:Sunekosuri
2382:Shussebora
2301:Shidaidaka
2292:Shachihoko
2247:Rokurokubi
2193:Ootakemaru
2029:Nyūdō-bōzu
2002:Nurarihyon
1975:Noppera-bō
1847:Mikaribaba
1766:Koromodako
1638:Kasa-obake
1611:Kamaitachi
1431:Hiderigami
1395:Hanako-san
1271:Chimimōryō
1199:Aosaginohi
966:Uriko-hime
709:Ainu Entry
674:2024-07-01
432:References
185:koropokkur
80:newspapers
2843:Yuki-onna
2771:Yamajijii
2663:Tsurubebi
2526:Tōfu-kozō
2328:Shinigami
2310:Shikigami
2283:Sazae-oni
2011:Nure-onna
1757:Korpokkur
1721:Kitsunebi
1483:Hone-onna
1413:Hashihime
1404:Harionago
1332:Funayūrei
1262:Binbōgami
1226:Azukiarai
1136:Amanozako
1127:Amanojaku
1064:Aka Manto
840:Kasa Jizō
758:Folktales
711:from the
625:0734-6018
578:0066-6939
506:0036-8075
361:Epi-Jomon
336:Petasites
320:korpokkur
284:Korpokkur
282:with the
260:korpokkur
248:korpokkur
244:korpokkur
240:korpokkur
232:korpokkur
228:butterbur
224:korpokkur
215:" in the
181:korbokkur
162:romanized
141:Korpokkur
2834:Yosuzume
2789:Yamawaro
2780:Yama-uba
2762:Yamabiko
2717:Ushi-oni
2708:Umi zatō
2643:Ungaikyō
2634:Menreiki
2571:Bakezōri
2416:Takaonna
2337:Shiranui
2256:Samebito
2220:Otoroshi
2119:Kidōmaru
2020:Nurikabe
1993:Nuppeppō
1966:Noderabō
1939:Namahage
1912:Mononoke
1820:Kuzunoha
1775:Kotobuki
1710:Hakuzōsu
1674:Kijimuna
1665:Keukegen
1620:Kamikiri
1600:Nekomata
1591:Bakeneko
1564:Jorōgumo
1555:Jinmenju
1546:Janjanbi
1440:Hinezumi
1341:Furaribi
1298:Dorotabō
1289:Dodomeki
1217:Ayakashi
1082:Akashita
894:Oto-hime
876:Momotarō
867:Kurozuka
795:Hakuzōsu
586:40315809
522:17793261
394:Yokohama
386:(1904).
355:See also
295:Sakhalin
268:Hokkaido
153:Japanese
2744:Wanyūdō
2699:Umibōzu
2681:Ubagabi
2373:Shōkera
2346:Shirime
2319:Shikome
2166:Onikuma
2083:Ōmukade
1885:Mizuchi
1739:Komainu
1701:Kitsune
1656:Kawauso
1573:Jubokko
1537:Isonade
1519:Inugami
1492:Hyōsube
1422:Hibagon
1190:Aonyōbō
1172:Amikiri
1163:Ameonna
1118:Aoandon
1091:Akateko
1073:Akaname
849:Kintarō
514:1767818
486:Bibcode
478:Science
400:1 March
340:Koropok
310:In his
164::
94:scholar
2807:Yobuko
2798:Yanari
2508:Tenome
2499:Tennin
2425:Tanuki
2398:Sōjōbō
2355:Shiryō
2274:Satori
2265:Sankai
2184:Ōnyūdō
1957:Ningyo
1948:Namazu
1930:Mujina
1903:Momiji
1876:Misaki
1838:Mazoku
1811:Kumiho
1730:Kodama
1683:Kinoko
1582:Kaibyō
1510:Ikuchi
1501:Ikiryō
1368:Gagoze
1323:Enenra
1314:Dragon
1181:Aobōzu
1109:Amabie
623:
584:
576:
543:
520:
512:
504:
420:
326:" or "
291:Kurils
272:Eskimo
157:コロポックル
149:コㇿポックㇽ
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2861:Yūrei
2825:Yōsei
2816:Yōkai
2735:Waira
2690:Ubume
2517:Tesso
2490:Tengu
2389:]
2364:Shōjō
2238:Raijū
2211:Osaki
2175:Onryō
2148:Onibi
2074:Okubi
2065:Okiku
2038:Obake
1921:Mōryō
1829:Kyubi
1802:Kudan
1692:Kirin
1647:Kasha
1629:Kappa
1447:]
1386:Goryō
1305:]
1253:Basan
1100:Akuma
995:Texts
582:JSTOR
510:JSTOR
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