51:
73:
232:
614:
problems, such as nausea, flatulence, and belching. In 2015, the
American Academy of Neurology withdrew its original endorsement of butterbur due to safety concerns. However, the Canadian Headache Society still recommends its use in migraine prevention for a selected number of patients based on their clinical features and co-existing disorders.
646:
and lowest in the leaves, and may vary depending on where the plants are grown. These chemicals are toxic to the liver and may cause cancers. Thus, due to the potential for contamination, taking butterbur supplements is not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Some sources say it is safe
613:
containing petasin and/or isopetasin, are effective both in preventing and in relieving migraine, with the best results in groups taking the higher dose of the supplement. Although mainly well tolerated, the adverse effects of butterbur reported in clinical trials include mainly gastrointestinal
655:
Long-term health effects and interaction of butterbur with other drugs have not been well documented. However, it can theoretically interact with certain blood pressure and heart medications, as well as with drugs that can induce a liver
601:. High concentrations of petasin occur in both butterbur root and leaves, with the leaves containing lower levels of the toxic chemical. Butterbur extracts have been reported to be effective in reducing frequency and severity of
647:
practice to consume butterbur extract that has been prepared by a reputable laboratory. Other sources say no butterbur product is safe: "The cases of liver toxicity appear to have occurred with extracts of butterbur where the
651:
had been removed and only small amounts remained. There is some evidence that other constituents found in butterbur such as the sesquiterpene constituents for example petasin may be implicated in the liver toxicity".
704:
1289:
1146:
Kaufeler, Robert; Polasek, Wolfgang; Brattstrom, Axel; Koetter, Uwe (March 2006). "Efficacy and Safety of
Butterbur Herbal Extract Ze 339 in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: Postmarketing Surveillance Study".
1513:
716:
1404:
Schapowal, Andreas (2005). "Treating
Intermittent Allergic Rhinitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo and Antihistamine-controlled Study of Butterbur Extract Ze 339".
573:
Butterbur has been used for over 2000 years to treat a variety of ailments including fever, lung disease, spasms, and pain. Currently, butterbur extract is used for
1752:
1791:
1241:
Lipton RB, GΓΆbel H, EinhΓ€upl KM, Wilks K, Mauskop A (December 2004). "Petasites hybridus root (butterbur) is an effective preventive treatment for migraine".
1700:
1448:
1765:
1713:
516:) or spring, emerging with only a few elongated basal bracts and are usually green, flesh coloured or dull white depending on the species. It is
1827:
1945:
622:
Additionally, a study showed butterbur extract to be an effective treatment for hay fever without the sedative effect of the antihistamine
1099:"Evidence-based guideline update: NSAIDs and other complementary treatments for episodic migraine prevention in adults: [RETIRED]"
1446:
Maxim Hirono I., Mori H., Yamada K. "Carcinogenic activity of petasitenine, a new pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from
Petasites"
1307:
Pringsheim, Tamara; Davenport, Jeptha; Mackie, Gordon (March 2012). "Canadian
Headache Society Guideline for Migraine Prophylaxis".
808:
1902:
1739:
1876:
947:
1770:
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if the preparations are not carefully and fully purified. The concentration of the toxic alkaloids is often highest in the
1778:
1599:
1930:
1881:
1840:
72:
31:
1796:
1950:
1935:
730:
50:
1845:
1687:
436:
1028:
Sutherland, Anna; Sweet, Burgunda (May 2010). "Butterbur: An alternative therapy for migraine prevention".
444:
365:
1661:
1542:
648:
639:
452:
373:
330:
420:
384:
1692:
1666:
1378:
1062:
850:
412:
404:
1522:
319:
1907:
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1718:
1635:
913:
392:
1077:
357:
236:
1940:
1889:
1832:
1674:
1429:
1337:"Randomised controlled trial of butterbur and cetirizine for treating seasonal allergic rhinitis"
1266:
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512:
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67:
59:
665:
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1128:
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578:
428:
378:
324:
1819:
889:
272:-like leaves during the growing season. Most species are native to Asia or southern Europe.
1471:
1413:
1356:
1348:
1250:
1202:
1156:
1118:
1110:
1037:
985:
921:
680:); this interaction can potentially lead to increased concentration of the toxic alkaloids.
231:
1390:
1097:
Holland, S.; Silberstein, S.D.; Freitag, F.; Dodick, D.W.; Argoff, C.; Ashman, E. (2012).
345:β Arctic butterbur or Arctic sweet coltsfoot β Scandinavia, Mongolia, Canada, northern USA
304:
249:
110:
1679:
1580:
1462:
Smith, LW; Culvenor, CC (1981). "Plant sources of hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids".
917:
1254:
1123:
763:
97:
1924:
1361:
1336:
1206:
1193:
Taylor, Frederick (March 2011). "Nutraceuticals and
Headache: The Biological Basis".
990:
974:"Alternative Headache Treatments: Nutraceuticals, Behavioral and Physical Treatments"
973:
669:
544:
193:
1433:
1270:
1007:
933:
626:, if taken four times daily. Butterbur was also shown to be comparably effective as
1894:
1627:
1222:
1176:
796:
627:
1604:
1591:
925:
1114:
823:
Miller, Philip. 1754. Gardeners
Dictionary...Abridged...fourth edition page 1056.
1868:
1783:
1726:
1574:
491:
176:
166:
1498:"Butterbur extract supplement benefit, allergy, asthma, and migraine headache"
623:
253:
156:
1565:
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1497:
673:
598:
555:
517:
146:
1858:
1425:
1370:
1320:
1262:
1214:
1168:
1132:
1049:
999:
866:
1483:
547:. They prefer moist environments such as riverbanks, marshes and ditches.
1853:
1614:
1559:
677:
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602:
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309:
136:
123:
17:
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832:
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457:
269:
265:
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headaches. Several double-blind studies have shown that high doses of
1731:
1417:
661:
657:
630:
when compared to placebo for reducing symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
540:
507:
461:
335:
1536:
1744:
1653:
536:
532:
528:
313:
230:
84:
888:
Desjardins, Stuart D.; Hoare, Arthur G.; Stace, Clive A. (2016).
524:
1540:
803:(Third ed.). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
289:, from the plant's broad leaves resembling a wide-brimmed hat.
1640:
264:. They are perennial plants with thick, creeping underground
1533:: Visual identification and edible parts of sweet coltsfoot.
597:
which are believed to have potential benefits in treating
856:
Flora of North
America. Volume 20, Page 635. efloras.org.
638:
Butterbur extracts may contain harmful components called
520:, with male and female flowers borne on separate plants.
510:
are produced just before the leaves in late winter (e.g.
27:
Genus of flowering plants in the daisy family
Asteraceae
1335:
Schapowal A; Petasites Study, Group (19 January 2002).
581:, which have the most evidence for its effectiveness.
400:- winter heliotrope - from Azores to Ireland + Tunisia
1068:
Flora of China. Volume 20-21, Page 461. efloras.org.
388:β central + southwestern Europe from Spain to Poland
1549:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1092:
1090:
1088:
967:
965:
963:
961:
959:
957:
30:"Butterbur" redirects here. For other uses, see
440:β Siberia, Russian Far East, northeastern China
1236:
1234:
1232:
1188:
1186:
280:The genus name is derived from the Greek word
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
589:Some butterbur species contain the chemicals
361:β giant butterbur, fuki β China, Japan, Korea
308:β white butterbur β Europe, Algeria, Turkey,
8:
369:β southeastern Europe from Poland to Albania
281:
1537:
1030:American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy
353:β common butterbur β Europe, Mediterranean
49:
38:
1360:
1309:Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
1122:
989:
432:β Europe, Siberia, Caucasus, Central Asia
1449:Journal of the National Cancer Institute
972:Sun-Edelstein, Christina (March 2011).
791:
789:
688:
1386:
1376:
846:
844:
758:
756:
7:
1882:a5369695-c733-4440-a1a1-2f0654758f06
1807:fc3ff091-07c2-47f7-a161-8e50c24795c6
890:"A new natural hybrid in the genus
698:
696:
694:
692:
523:Butterbur can be found in parts of
256:, that are commonly referred to as
1255:10.1212/01.wnl.0000147290.68260.11
741:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023
25:
1078:Altervista Flora Italiana genere
553:is closely related to the genera
1846:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329075-2
1207:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01847.x
991:10.1111/j.1526-4610.2011.01846.x
71:
1518:species list and distributions
801:New Flora of the British Isles
774:. World Flora Consortium. 2023
618:Hay fever or allergic rhinitis
1:
926:10.1080/20423489.2016.1271383
869:. Drugs.com. 14 February 2022
1115:10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182535d0c
577:prevention and treatment of
416:β Mongolia, Manchuria, Korea
1946:Taxa named by Philip Miller
1464:Journal of Natural Products
948:"Missouri Botanical Garden"
713:Global Compositae Checklist
448:β China, Vietnam, Himalayas
1967:
739:Plants of the World Online
32:Butterbur (disambiguation)
29:
480:Species formerly included
282:
252:in the sunflower family,
207:
200:
68:Scientific classification
66:
57:
48:
41:
1523:eFloras search results:
1353:10.1136/bmj.324.7330.144
468:Species of hybrid origin
1294:Facts & Comparisons
703:Flann, C., ed. (2009).
649:pyrrolizidine alkaloids
640:pyrrolizidine alkaloids
1531:Edibility of Petasites
474:Petasites Γ vitifolius
437:Petasites tatewakianus
240:
1452:1977 58:4 (1155-1157)
1406:Phytotherapy Research
906:New Journal of Botany
445:Petasites tricholobus
366:Petasites kablikianus
234:
719:on 11 December 2014.
607:Petasites hybridus"
506:The short spikes of
453:Petasites versipilus
393:Petasites pyrenaicus
374:Petasites kamengicus
331:Petasites formosanus
1476:10.1021/np50014a001
1149:Advances in Therapy
918:2016NJBot...6...64D
485:Petasites glacialis
421:Petasites sibiricus
385:Petasites paradoxus
358:Petasites japonicus
325:Republic of Georgia
237:Petasites japonicus
1389:has generic name (
1161:10.1007/bf02850143
1042:10.2146/ajhp090136
772:World Flora Online
513:Petasites fragrans
488:(Ledeb.) Polunin -
413:Petasites rubellus
405:Petasites radiatus
398:Petasites fragrans
350:Petasites hybridus
342:Petasites frigidus
241:
60:Petasites hybridus
1931:Asteraceae genera
1918:
1917:
1815:Open Tree of Life
1543:Taxon identifiers
1109:(17): 1346β1353.
579:allergic rhinitis
498:
489:
429:Petasites spurius
379:Arunachal Pradesh
320:Petasites fominii
229:
228:
223:
215:
196:
16:(Redirected from
1958:
1951:Dioecious plants
1936:Medicinal plants
1911:
1910:
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1784:NHMSYS0000461627
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1709:
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1514:Flora Europaea:
1502:
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1418:10.1002/ptr.1705
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727:
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715:. Archived from
700:
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298:Accepted species
285:
284:
250:flowering plants
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76:
75:
53:
39:
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1456:
1445:
1441:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1385:
1375:
1347:(7330): 144β6.
1334:
1332:
1328:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1288:
1287:
1278:
1240:
1239:
1230:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1145:
1144:
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1057:
1027:
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666:St. John's wort
636:
620:
587:
571:
504:
502:Characteristics
305:Petasites albus
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278:
191:
70:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1964:
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1953:
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1895:wfo-4000028919
1886:
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1508:External links
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1454:
1439:
1412:(6): 530β537.
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1249:(12): 2240β4.
1228:
1201:(3): 484β501.
1182:
1155:(2): 373β384.
1138:
1084:
1070:
1055:
1036:(9): 705β711.
1013:
984:(3): 469β483.
953:
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912:(2β3): 64β70.
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1470:(2): 129β52.
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935:
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927:
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903:
902:(Asteraceae)"
901:
900:P. pyrenaicus
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670:carbamazepine
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492:Endocellion
177:Senecioneae
167:Asteroideae
163:Subfamily:
111:Angiosperms
1925:Categories
833:Tropicos,
684:References
624:cetirizine
595:isopetasin
408:β Mongolia
268:and large
262:coltsfoots
258:butterburs
254:Asteraceae
157:Asteraceae
1941:Petasites
1680:Petasites
1581:Petasites
1551:Petasites
1525:Petasites
1516:Petasites
1243:Neurology
1103:Neurology
1080:Petasites
1064:Petasites
892:Petasites
852:Petasites
835:Petasites
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733:Petasites
707:Petasites
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599:migraines
556:Tussilago
551:Petasites
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245:Petasites
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1877:VicFlora
1866:VASCAN:
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1854:Tropicos
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1560:Wikidata
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1600:APNI
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1779:NBN
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