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Kroz

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558:(BBS), where the boards' users made voluntary donations. Since shareware was not very profitable at the time, Miller developed a variation of the shareware model, dubbed the "Apogee model", in which only a fraction of the game would be made available to play for free on BBS. The game, upon completion, would display Miller's mailing address to the player and ask them to contact him to pay for that game, which would allow them to buy the rest of the game's "episodes". He applied this model to the 203:
rather chaotic, and essentially consist of a mad dash through waves of attacking enemies to pick up valuable objects and/or escape to the stairway. A major part of the game is careful conservation of gems and whips; sometimes it is better to allow an enemy to take a gem rather than use valuable whips that will be needed to break down walls blocking the exit.
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collects gems as they go; each time a monster touches them, they lose a gem and the monster dies. The character's main defense consists of whips which can be used to kill monsters and destroy certain walls, but each whip can only be used once. Some levels are generated randomly; these tend to be
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stopped being distributed as shareware, but was still available commercially, and was then marketed as the third episode in the series, with episodes two and three moving up one place. For a time, the series consisted of seven commercial episodes (including the original
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The game was originally distributed as shareware. It was later expanded to consist of seven episodes, with only the first episode distributed as shareware, and the rest available commercially. The episodes are:
1929: 232:, but with less randomness and more reliance on the abilities of the player than on luck. Miller, fond of including backwards words in his games, came up with the name by spelling 160:
introduced the scheme of the first episode being free and charging money for additional episodes, a technique which defined the business model for Apogee and was adopted by other
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was different from the original version, and incorporated 21 different levels, many of them from later games in the series, especially from
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The object of the game is to survive numerous levels of attacking monsters and ultimately find the priceless Magical Amulet of Kroz. The
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as a submission for a contest they were having, where it was published in 1988. The other two games were also published later on
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3.0. Later games in the series were written in Turbo Pascal 5.0. The game was implemented entirely in the 80×25 16 color
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In 1991, the other two episodes of the first trilogy were enhanced to their "II" versions, and the original
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concept, including the text mode implementation, was cloned by Potomac Computer Systems for the
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At the same time, Miller, looking for other avenues to distribute his games, turned to the
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games, which also used the same shareware business model. The company later became
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s CodeQuest '87 programming contest in 1988, and came out number two overall.
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over BBS while retaining the other two for sale. This shareware version of
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in 1990, before becoming the shareware episode of the second trilogy of
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stopped being available, being replaced by its enhanced version.
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was the first game to bear the name of Miller's one-man company,
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The games were discontinued in 1999. In March 2009, the whole
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for $ 500. By 2009, the source code was released under the
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Commercial video games with freely available source code
839:"Gimme Your Money: A Half-Baked History of Shareware" 1096: 1094: 1092: 1876: 1850: 1786: 1759: 1725: 1716: 1677: 1611: 1595: 1569: 1448: 1221: 113: 101: 93: 81: 71: 59: 47: 30: 866: 864: 554:model. Shareware was distributed freely through 952: 950: 948: 900: 898: 896: 894: 892: 225:. Scott Miller tried to create a game that had 1837:ScubaVenture: The Search for Pirate's Treasure 1655: 1194: 699:game took top honors in the game category in 256:, using various characters in the computer's 8: 925: 923: 765: 730: 640:), plus an enhanced version of one of them ( 1272:Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons 1970:Video games developed in the United States 1722: 1662: 1648: 1640: 1201: 1187: 1179: 764: 712: 27: 1042:"Apogee: Where Wolfenstein got its start" 1035: 1033: 1031: 872:"Several old games released as Freeware" 537:, was sent in 1987 to the disk magazine 287: 150:'s first game. It was also published on 826: 1950:Pascal (programming language) software 512:Planned to be released in March 1991. 1777:Dangerous Dave in the Haunted Mansion 7: 832: 830: 717: 671:for $ 950. Later the source code of 708: 526:, were originally published in the 518:The first two games in the series, 142:. The first episode in the series, 931:"The Apogee FAQ - The Kroz Series" 215:games were inspired by an earlier 14: 1975:Video games with textual graphics 1265:Commander Keen in Goodbye, Galaxy 1040:Plante, Chris (26 October 2017). 906:"Shareware Game: Kingdom of Kroz" 732: 659:At one point the source code for 1101:Edwards, Benj (21 August 2009). 1068:Edwards, Benj (21 August 2009). 837:Hague, James (8 February 1999). 751: 746: 741: 736: 731: 615:In 1990, an enhanced version of 36: 933:. RinkWorks. 30 September 2005 663:could be purchased for $ 190, 502:The Underground Empire of Kroz 268:graphical characters from the 1: 1823:Commander Keen in Keen Dreams 1492:Duke Nukem: Manhattan Project 600:, was initially published in 276:, walls, monsters and items. 270:original IBM PC character set 264:characters, as well as some 1434:Xenophage: Alien Bloodsport 1371:Raptor: Call of the Shadows 1244:Blake Stone: Aliens of Gold 1159:3D Realms downloads, where 681:The Lost Adventures of Kroz 669:The Lost Adventures of Kroz 629:The Lost Adventures of Kroz 572:Apogee Software Productions 483:The Lost Adventures of Kroz 1991: 1830:Slordax: The Unknown Enemy 1251:Blake Stone: Planet Strike 582:and him receiving between 146:, was released in 1987 as 15: 1440:List of minor video games 784:2nd Place CodeQuest '87, 773: 770: 721: 718: 533:in 1987. The third game, 456:The Final Crusade of Kroz 400: 307: 35: 1279:Cosmo's Cosmic Adventure 675:was for sale for $ 400, 562:trilogy by sharing only 470:The Last Crusade of Kroz 227:some of the elements of 16:Not to be confused with 174:series was released as 134:video games created by 556:bulletin board systems 308:Original Kroz trilogy 1955:Roguelike video games 1619:Apogee Entertainment 596:, originally called 1809:Tiles of the Dragon 1527:Wrath: Aeon of Ruin 1130:"Big Blue Disk #47" 1010:"Big Blue Disk #35" 984:"Big Blue Disk #29" 958:"Big Blue Disk #20" 849:on 23 February 2020 767: 715: 401:Super Kroz Trilogy 393:Dungeons of Kroz II 272:, to represent the 178:by Apogee, and the 1506:Duke Nukem Forever 1222:As Apogee Software 908:. 15 November 1993 727:Shareware Magazine 713: 673:Kingdom of Kroz II 642:Kingdom of Kroz II 625:Kingdom of Kroz II 621:Kingdom of Kroz II 610:Super Kroz Trilogy 590:every single day. 363:Caverns of Kroz II 333:Kingdom of Kroz II 254:IBM PC compatibles 140:IBM PC compatibles 1907: 1906: 1846: 1845: 1637: 1636: 1629:Saber Interactive 1534:Kingpin: Reloaded 1457:Terminal Velocity 1385:Rise of the Triad 1343:Monuments of Mars 795: 794: 791: 790:(Kingdom of Kroz) 786:IBM PC compatible 763: 762: 759: 649:Kingdom of Kroz I 638:Kingdom of Kroz I 633:Kingdom of Kroz I 516: 515: 327:Kingdom of Kroz I 123: 122: 1982: 1920:1987 video games 1723: 1664: 1657: 1650: 1641: 1582:George Broussard 1230:Arctic Adventure 1203: 1196: 1189: 1180: 1146: 1145: 1143: 1141: 1126: 1120: 1119: 1117: 1115: 1098: 1087: 1086: 1084: 1082: 1065: 1059: 1058: 1056: 1054: 1037: 1026: 1025: 1023: 1021: 1016:. 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Archived from 834: 789: 768: 757: 756: 755: 754: 750: 749: 745: 744: 740: 739: 735: 734: 716: 685:GPL-2.0-or-later 619:was released as 589: 585: 581: 577: 524:Dungeons of Kroz 373:Dungeons of Kroz 288: 274:player character 217:dungeon crawling 200:player character 188:GPL-2.0-or-later 182:was released as 40: 28: 1990: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1980: 1979: 1960:Shareware games 1910: 1909: 1908: 1903: 1872: 1868:JAM Productions 1863:Apogee Software 1842: 1782: 1755: 1712: 1673: 1668: 1638: 1633: 1607: 1591: 1565: 1444: 1378:Realms of Chaos 1217: 1207: 1163:can be obtained 1155: 1150: 1149: 1139: 1137: 1128: 1127: 1123: 1113: 1111: 1100: 1099: 1090: 1080: 1078: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1052: 1050: 1039: 1038: 1029: 1019: 1017: 1008: 1007: 1003: 993: 991: 982: 981: 977: 967: 965: 956: 955: 946: 936: 934: 929: 928: 921: 911: 909: 904: 903: 890: 880: 878: 870: 869: 862: 852: 850: 836: 835: 828: 823: 801: 796: 752: 747: 742: 737: 711: 697:Kingdom of Kroz 693: 661:Kingdom of Kroz 657: 631:. The original 617:Kingdom of Kroz 587: 583: 579: 575: 568:Kingdom of Kroz 564:Kingdom of Kroz 535:Kingdom of Kroz 520:Caverns of Kroz 343:Caverns of Kroz 313:Kingdom of Kroz 282: 244:was written in 242:Kingdom of Kroz 209: 196: 148:Apogee Software 144:Kingdom of Kroz 130:is a series of 66:Apogee Software 43: 26: 25:1987 video game 21: 12: 11: 5: 1988: 1986: 1978: 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1947: 1945:Freeware games 1942: 1940:DOS-only games 1937: 1932: 1927: 1922: 1912: 1911: 1905: 1904: 1902: 1901: 1896: 1894:Adrian Carmack 1891: 1886: 1880: 1878: 1874: 1873: 1871: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1854: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1841: 1840: 1833: 1826: 1819: 1812: 1805: 1798: 1795:Shadow Knights 1790: 1788: 1784: 1783: 1781: 1780: 1773: 1770:Dangerous Dave 1765: 1763: 1761:Dangerous Dave 1757: 1756: 1754: 1753: 1750:Catacomb Abyss 1746: 1739: 1731: 1729: 1720: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1703: 1696: 1689: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1674: 1669: 1667: 1666: 1659: 1652: 1644: 1635: 1634: 1632: 1631: 1626: 1624:Embracer Group 1621: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1608: 1606: 1605: 1599: 1597: 1593: 1592: 1590: 1589: 1584: 1579: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1560:Tempest Rising 1556: 1551: 1544: 1537: 1530: 1523: 1516: 1509: 1502: 1495: 1488: 1481: 1478:Balls of Steel 1474: 1471:Shadow Warrior 1467: 1460: 1452: 1450: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1442: 1437: 1430: 1423: 1420:Wolfenstein 3D 1416: 1409: 1402: 1395: 1388: 1381: 1374: 1367: 1364:Pharaoh's Tomb 1360: 1353: 1346: 1339: 1332: 1325: 1318: 1310: 1303: 1296: 1289: 1282: 1275: 1268: 1261: 1254: 1247: 1240: 1233: 1225: 1223: 1219: 1218: 1208: 1206: 1205: 1198: 1191: 1183: 1177: 1176: 1165: 1154: 1153:External links 1151: 1148: 1147: 1121: 1088: 1060: 1027: 1001: 975: 944: 919: 888: 860: 825: 824: 822: 819: 800: 797: 793: 792: 782: 776: 775: 772: 761: 760: 728: 724: 723: 720: 709: 692: 689: 679:for $ 300 and 677:Return to Kroz 667:for $ 350 and 665:Return to Kroz 656: 653: 598:Castle of Kroz 594:Return to Kroz 514: 513: 510: 507: 504: 498: 494: 493: 491: 488: 485: 479: 475: 474: 473: 472: 464: 461: 458: 451: 450: 448:Valley of Kroz 444: 441: 438: 436:Temple of Kroz 431: 430: 429: 428: 426:Castle of Kroz 422: 420:Shrine of Kroz 414: 411: 408: 406:Return to Kroz 402: 398: 397: 396: 395: 389: 381: 378: 375: 368: 367: 366: 365: 359: 351: 348: 345: 338: 337: 336: 335: 329: 321: 318: 315: 309: 305: 304: 301: 298: 295: 292: 281: 278: 266:extended ASCII 208: 205: 195: 192: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 105: 99: 98: 95: 91: 90: 85: 79: 78: 75: 69: 68: 63: 57: 56: 51: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 24: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1987: 1976: 1973: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1941: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1915: 1900: 1897: 1895: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1853: 1849: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1832: 1831: 1827: 1825: 1824: 1820: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1811: 1810: 1806: 1804: 1803: 1799: 1797: 1796: 1792: 1791: 1789: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1752: 1751: 1747: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1709: 1708: 1704: 1702: 1701: 1697: 1695: 1694: 1690: 1688: 1687: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1665: 1660: 1658: 1653: 1651: 1646: 1645: 1642: 1630: 1627: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1588: 1587:Todd Replogle 1585: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1562: 1561: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1549: 1545: 1543: 1542: 1538: 1536: 1535: 1531: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1522: 1521: 1517: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1496: 1494: 1493: 1489: 1487: 1486: 1482: 1480: 1479: 1475: 1473: 1472: 1468: 1466: 1465: 1464:Duke Nukem 3D 1461: 1459: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1435: 1431: 1429: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1421: 1417: 1415: 1414: 1410: 1408: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1400: 1396: 1394: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1386: 1382: 1380: 1379: 1375: 1373: 1372: 1368: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1359: 1358: 1354: 1352: 1351: 1350:Mystic Towers 1347: 1345: 1344: 1340: 1338: 1337: 1333: 1331: 1330: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1322:Major Stryker 1319: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1309: 1308: 1307:Duke Nukem II 1304: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1294: 1290: 1288: 1287: 1286:Crystal Caves 1283: 1281: 1280: 1276: 1274: 1273: 1269: 1267: 1266: 1262: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1253: 1252: 1248: 1246: 1245: 1241: 1239: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1214:list of games 1211: 1204: 1199: 1197: 1192: 1190: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1164: 1162: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1136:. 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Retrieved 1124: 1112:. Retrieved 1106: 1079:. Retrieved 1073: 1063: 1051:. Retrieved 1045: 1018:. Retrieved 1004: 992:. Retrieved 990:. March 1988 978: 966:. Retrieved 935:. Retrieved 910:. Retrieved 879:. Retrieved 851:. Retrieved 847:the original 842: 808: 804: 802: 714:Review score 700: 696: 694: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 658: 648: 646: 641: 637: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 614: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 592: 567: 563: 559: 549: 547:, in 1989. 544: 538: 534: 530: 523: 519: 517: 501: 482: 469: 455: 447: 435: 425: 419: 405: 392: 386: 372: 362: 356: 342: 332: 326: 312: 283: 246:Turbo Pascal 241: 240: 233: 228: 220: 212: 210: 197: 171: 169: 167:publishers. 157: 151: 143: 136:Scott Miller 126: 125: 124: 77:Scott Miller 61:Publisher(s) 54:Scott Miller 49:Developer(s) 22: 1884:John Romero 1858:id Software 1427:Word Rescue 1329:Math Rescue 964:. June 1988 771:Publication 719:Publication 655:Source code 608:games, the 580:US$ 100,000 238:backwards. 207:Development 180:source code 83:Platform(s) 73:Designer(s) 1914:Categories 1596:Technology 1548:Core Decay 1406:Stargunner 1300:Duke Nukem 1237:Bio Menace 912:4 November 843:Loonygames 821:References 815:Epic Games 576:US$ 80,000 506:Cancelled 291:Collection 186:under the 42:Screenshot 1935:DOS games 1851:Companies 1707:Diskworld 1513:Bombshell 1485:Max Payne 1357:Paganitzu 1293:Dark Ages 1210:3D Realms 1174:MobyGames 1108:Gamasutra 1075:Gamasutra 876:3D Realms 788:division 710:Reception 691:Reception 687:license. 552:shareware 190:license. 165:shareware 132:Roguelike 108:Roguelike 1965:Softdisk 1899:Tom Hall 1736:Catacomb 1727:Catacomb 1700:Loadstar 1693:Softdisk 1671:Softdisk 1520:Ion Fury 1140:14 March 1134:Softdisk 1114:11 March 1081:11 March 1020:11 March 1014:Softdisk 994:11 March 988:Softdisk 968:11 March 962:Softdisk 937:11 March 881:26 March 853:10 March 758:(Kroz 1) 280:Releases 194:Gameplay 176:freeware 103:Genre(s) 1686:Softalk 1612:Related 1258:Boppin' 1053:1 March 1047:Polygon 588:US$ 500 584:US$ 100 468:a.k.a. 446:a.k.a. 424:a.k.a. 418:a.k.a. 391:a.k.a. 387:Kroz II 385:a.k.a. 361:a.k.a. 355:a.k.a. 331:a.k.a. 325:a.k.a. 297:Release 294:Episode 114:Mode(s) 94:Release 1877:People 1570:People 1541:Graven 1316:series 799:Legacy 303:Notes 300:Levels 219:game, 162:MS-DOS 88:MS-DOS 1787:Other 774:Award 766:Award 722:Score 487:1990 460:1990 440:1990 410:1990 377:1989 347:1988 317:1987 262:ASCII 229:Rogue 222:Rogue 156:#20. 1499:Prey 1314:Kroz 1169:Kroz 1161:Kroz 1142:2020 1116:2020 1083:2020 1055:2020 1022:2020 996:2020 970:2020 939:2020 914:2017 883:2009 855:2020 805:Kroz 803:The 606:Kroz 586:and 560:Kroz 522:and 509:N/A 497:N/A 478:N/A 357:Kroz 235:Zork 213:Kroz 211:The 172:Kroz 158:Kroz 138:for 127:Kroz 97:1987 31:Kroz 18:Zork 1172:at 810:ZZT 500:#8 490:75 481:#7 463:25 454:#6 443:20 434:#5 413:20 404:#4 380:30 371:#3 350:40 341:#2 320:25 311:#1 250:CGA 1916:: 1132:. 1105:. 1091:^ 1072:. 1044:. 1030:^ 1012:. 986:. 960:. 947:^ 922:^ 891:^ 874:. 863:^ 841:. 829:^ 817:. 612:. 1663:e 1656:t 1649:v 1216:) 1212:( 1202:e 1195:t 1188:v 1144:. 1118:. 1085:. 1057:. 1024:. 998:. 972:. 941:. 916:. 885:. 857:. 704:' 578:– 20:.

Index

Zork

Developer(s)
Scott Miller
Publisher(s)
Apogee Software
Designer(s)
Platform(s)
MS-DOS
Genre(s)
Roguelike
Single-player
Roguelike
Scott Miller
IBM PC compatibles
Apogee Software
Big Blue Disk
MS-DOS
shareware
freeware
source code
free software
GPL-2.0-or-later
player character
dungeon crawling
Rogue
some of the elements of Rogue
Zork
Turbo Pascal
CGA

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