469:
514:
552:
385:
1652:
393:
582:
640:
1304:
327:
3660:
739:
648:
573:
As the provinces were the result of consecutive conquests (the homeland had a special status, exempt from provincial tribute), both primary and sub-satrapies were often defined by former states and/or ethno-religious identity. One of the keys to the
Achaemenid success was their open attitude to the
593:
Whenever central authority in the empire weakened, the satrap often enjoyed practical independence, especially as it became customary to appoint him also as general-in-chief of the army district, contrary to the original rule. "When his office became hereditary, the threat to the central authority
494:
The satrap was in charge of the land that he owned as an administrator, and found himself surrounded by an all-but-royal court; he collected the taxes, controlled the local officials and the subject tribes and cities, and was the supreme judge of the province before whose "chair"
699:
was considerably more centralized than that of the
Parthian Empire; the semi-independent kingdoms and self-governing city states of the Parthian Empire were replaced with a system of "royal cities" which served as the seats of centrally appointed governors called
509:
He was assisted by a council of
Persians, to which also provincials were admitted and which was controlled by a royal secretary and emissaries of the king, especially the "eye of the king", who made an annual inspection and exercised permanent control.
695:, the king's power rested on the support of noble families, who ruled large estates and supplied soldiers and tribute to the king. City-states within the empire enjoyed a degree of self-government, and paid tribute to the king. Administration of the
1029:"[Towards the Discussion on the Language of the Scythians: The Transition of OIr *xš- > *s- and its Reflection in the Ancient Greek] К дискуссии о языке скифов: переход др.ир. *xš- > *s- и его отражение в древнегреческом"
574:
culture and religion of the conquered people, so the
Persian culture was the one most affected as the Great King endeavoured to meld elements from all his subjects into a new imperial style, especially at his capital,
3476:
1700:
3456:
679:(in other words, military generals); but their provinces were much smaller than under the Persians. They would ultimately be replaced by conquering empires, especially the
33:
184:
540:
The great satrapies (provinces) were often divided into smaller districts, the governors of which were also called satraps and (by Greco-Roman authors) also called
1693:
1367:
1230:
4565:
2114:
939:
5764:
3509:
3471:
1662:
1324:
813:
5652:
1723:
1345:
533:) and the general in charge of the regular army of his province and of the fortresses were independent of him and periodically reported directly to the
5774:
2845:
1686:
449:
and governors. The main difference was that in
Persian culture the concept of kingship was indivisible from divinity: divine authority validated the
3846:
1651:
2751:
457:
ruling in the king's name, although in political reality many took advantage of any opportunity to carve themselves an independent power base.
1202:
1122:
981:
949:
548:
in Greek, 'vice-regents'). The distribution of the great satrapies was changed repeatedly, and often two of them were given to the same man.
2965:
2003:
210:
468:
2970:
2398:
1902:
2897:
2064:
1360:
551:
122:
to the king, though with considerable autonomy. The word came to suggest tyranny or ostentatious splendour, and its modern usage is a
4558:
2783:
2731:
2640:
1319:
1277:
1253:
1238:
1220:
366:
513:
159:
3714:
2920:
2860:
2820:
2726:
2704:
2488:
2143:
2138:
1809:
529:
There were further checks on the power of each satrap: besides his secretarial scribe, his chief financial official (Old
Persian
3502:
2985:
2746:
1910:
1502:
384:
32:
4340:
3427:
2980:
2229:
2160:
348:
1340:
1005:
5779:
3279:
2354:
1506:
1353:
1138:
5618:
4551:
4529:
4051:
3097:
2904:
2716:
2694:
2254:
2131:
1970:
5784:
5740:
5280:
4923:
4795:
4785:
4533:
4418:
4103:
3943:
2840:
2585:
461:
gave the satrapies a definitive organization, increased their number to thirty-six, and fixed their annual tribute (
5769:
5736:
3873:
3495:
2955:
2466:
2054:
337:
5310:
5266:
5196:
4960:
4835:
4635:
4306:
4036:
4014:
3155:
3127:
2945:
2709:
2461:
2074:
923:
634:
4855:
3704:
3160:
2925:
2266:
1943:
1641:
1398:
226:
5699:
5552:
5521:
5236:
4869:
3821:
3811:
3629:
3207:
2768:
2628:
2606:
2371:
1963:
1710:
1081:
481:
344:
5689:
4755:
4492:
4116:
3908:
3801:
3528:
3284:
3120:
3115:
2645:
2483:
2383:
2119:
2039:
5300:
5048:
4629:
4072:
3773:
3380:
2616:
2300:
2284:
2244:
2234:
2069:
1933:
1915:
1761:
1608:
1076:
611:
502:
3:7) every civil and criminal case could be brought. He was responsible for the safety of the roads (cf.
450:
164:
1272:
Bibliothèque de la Faculté de
Philosophie et Lettres de l’Université de Liège, vol. 254. Genève: Droz,
392:
5419:
5382:
5348:
5108:
5098:
5038:
4909:
4379:
4111:
4041:
3850:
3347:
2239:
1799:
1598:
1462:
1386:
1093:
630:
462:
173:
1678:
581:
418:
Although the first large-scale use of satrapies, or provinces, originates from the inception of the
126:
and refers to any subordinate or local ruler, usually with unfavourable connotations of corruption.
5439:
5142:
5068:
4587:
4301:
3948:
3619:
3355:
3192:
2850:
2778:
2473:
2431:
2319:
2249:
2224:
2011:
1958:
1771:
1766:
1477:
777:
761:
662:
594:
could not be ignored" (Olmstead). Rebellions of satraps became frequent from the middle of the 5th
5602:
5449:
5132:
4994:
4611:
4574:
4249:
3913:
3466:
3187:
3175:
3110:
3105:
2825:
2611:
2495:
2378:
2261:
2194:
2086:
2044:
1884:
1538:
1447:
1442:
852:
108:
5206:
5576:
5338:
5004:
4859:
4831:
4693:
4683:
3769:
3729:
3540:
3519:
3229:
3217:
2865:
2855:
2478:
2456:
2361:
2325:
2219:
2106:
2096:
2081:
1938:
1871:
1482:
1472:
1457:
1427:
1380:
1273:
1249:
1234:
1216:
1198:
1195:
The
Macedonian Empire: The Era of Warfare Under Philip II and Alexander the Great, 359–323 B.C
1190:
1118:
977:
945:
477:
419:
235:
100:
41:
1112:
5759:
5358:
5118:
4024:
3599:
3274:
3072:
2635:
2541:
2294:
2178:
2049:
2029:
1993:
1866:
1776:
729:
709:
661:
The satrapic administration and title were retained—even for Greco-Macedonian incumbents—by
266:
247:
62:
1033:Проблемы Истории, Филологии, Культуры. 2013. 2. В честь 60-летия В.Д. Кузнецова. С. 263–285
5531:
5429:
5423:
5372:
5246:
5158:
5152:
5028:
4889:
4779:
4639:
4621:
4476:
4245:
3831:
3671:
3639:
3584:
3461:
3322:
2950:
2653:
2556:
2500:
2437:
2408:
2393:
2173:
2168:
2126:
2091:
1891:
1856:
1831:
1563:
1558:
1548:
818:
743:
733:
696:
692:
680:
670:
655:
639:
522:
423:
215:
189:
104:
712:
also adopted the title "satrap" for the semi-autonomous princes that governed one of its
309:
298:
5683:
5477:
5172:
4731:
4649:
4311:
4214:
4160:
3816:
3634:
3254:
2793:
2761:
2623:
2561:
2551:
2546:
2366:
2332:
2200:
2150:
2101:
1794:
1578:
1568:
1526:
1394:
618:
560:
288:
243:
239:
37:
5753:
5515:
5505:
5230:
5220:
5128:
4883:
4863:
4849:
4809:
4769:
4482:
4403:
4366:
4206:
4183:
4126:
3868:
3806:
3754:
2975:
2815:
2577:
2426:
2289:
2059:
2034:
1877:
1437:
1315:
1310:
801:
789:
765:
713:
603:
556:
149:
5590:
4827:
4765:
4597:
4462:
4219:
4201:
4168:
4082:
3928:
3826:
3759:
3734:
3724:
3609:
3375:
3367:
3362:
3327:
2835:
2830:
2741:
2211:
1861:
1837:
1823:
1756:
870:
473:
3487:
3269:
3446:
Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in
1157:
Early
Hellenistic Coinage: From the Accession of Alexander to the Peace of Apamea
1046:
5713:
5598:
5586:
5403:
5366:
5072:
5022:
4813:
4737:
4707:
4669:
4659:
4296:
4229:
4092:
3933:
3923:
3739:
3709:
3589:
3182:
2995:
2940:
2803:
2798:
2788:
2523:
2518:
2416:
2388:
1953:
1948:
1815:
1248:
Oikumene. Studien zur antiken
Weltgeschichte, vol. 1. Frankfurt: Verlag Antike,
997:
651:
446:
326:
1215:
Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients, Beihefte, vol. B 87. Wiesbaden: Reichert,
5642:
5362:
5290:
5018:
4940:
4663:
4272:
4267:
4188:
4178:
4145:
4062:
4046:
4009:
3884:
3796:
3781:
3719:
3659:
3644:
3579:
3556:
3549:
2882:
2421:
2276:
1975:
1626:
1583:
1532:
1390:
1270:
Satrapes et Satrapies dans l’empire achéménide de Cyrus le Grand à Xerxès Ier.
1063:
823:
797:
607:
575:
397:
123:
45:
5723:
5709:
5703:
5672:
5628:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5491:
5487:
5481:
5473:
5453:
5392:
5328:
5322:
5276:
5186:
5182:
5176:
5088:
5058:
4988:
4950:
4919:
4805:
4775:
4745:
4727:
4679:
4625:
4452:
4438:
4434:
4408:
4384:
4262:
4257:
4193:
4150:
4087:
4004:
3918:
3898:
3893:
3791:
3786:
3744:
3624:
3614:
3301:
3259:
3234:
3092:
3047:
2935:
2877:
2699:
2448:
1667:
1511:
1497:
1452:
1432:
708:
ruled both the city and the surrounding rural districts. Exceptionally, the
675:
518:
177:
3337:
3332:
408:
1246:
Der Satrap. Ein achaimenidischer Amtsträger und seine Handlungsspielräume.
5636:
5525:
5501:
5495:
5467:
5459:
5240:
5216:
5210:
5190:
5168:
5162:
4980:
4873:
4845:
4817:
4723:
4713:
4645:
4502:
4456:
4374:
4350:
4291:
4067:
3970:
3938:
3903:
3863:
3749:
3689:
3604:
3397:
3291:
3142:
3087:
3057:
2887:
2810:
2721:
2533:
2311:
2021:
1573:
1543:
1418:
793:
773:
747:
666:
599:
458:
199:
92:
49:
17:
856:
654:(Minted 290–280 BC), the first indigenous satrap to be appointed by the
137:
5693:
5646:
5632:
5622:
5594:
5556:
5511:
5463:
5443:
5433:
5409:
5352:
5314:
5304:
5261:
5226:
5200:
5146:
5136:
5122:
5078:
5052:
5014:
5008:
4970:
4964:
4954:
4934:
4904:
4879:
4839:
4821:
4799:
4717:
4703:
4697:
4689:
4653:
4607:
4583:
4516:
4512:
4506:
4486:
4472:
4442:
4413:
4395:
4345:
4332:
4321:
4316:
4140:
4077:
4056:
3996:
3986:
3975:
3858:
3836:
3699:
3694:
3684:
3679:
3594:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3392:
3317:
3147:
3137:
3077:
2990:
2960:
2892:
2773:
1985:
1786:
1603:
1588:
1553:
1487:
843:
Cahn, Herbert A.; Gerin, Dominique (1988). "Themistocles at Magnesia".
537:, in person. The satrap was allowed to have troops in his own service.
454:
351: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
119:
4543:
176:, which was the native language of the Achaemenids, it is recorded as
5612:
5396:
5294:
5284:
5062:
4944:
4927:
4789:
4749:
4741:
4496:
4355:
4224:
4173:
3991:
3649:
3422:
3412:
3342:
3296:
3212:
3082:
3067:
3062:
3052:
2736:
2343:
1925:
1636:
1631:
1593:
1515:
152:
3167:
1265:
Pauly-Wissowa (comprehensive encyclopaedia on Antiquity; in German).
738:
453:. The twenty-six satraps established by Cyrus were never kings, but
445:
by Cyrus the Great, emperors ruled the lands they conquered through
1028:
792:, who ruled the northern part of the subcontinent from the area of
5662:
5656:
5580:
5535:
5413:
5386:
5376:
5342:
5332:
5318:
5250:
5092:
5082:
5042:
5032:
4998:
4984:
4974:
4893:
4759:
4673:
4615:
4601:
4446:
4283:
4028:
3959:
3417:
3402:
3387:
3264:
3249:
3239:
3224:
3202:
3197:
3132:
2930:
2872:
2756:
1492:
1467:
1402:
1309:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
785:
781:
769:
737:
665:, who conquered the Achaemenid Empire, and by his successors, the
647:
646:
638:
586:
580:
550:
512:
467:
442:
431:
412:
391:
96:
31:
602:
struggled with widespread rebellions in the satrapies, and under
5112:
5102:
4466:
3244:
2510:
1848:
1618:
1521:
643:
The satraps appointed by Alexander the Great during his campaign
4547:
3491:
3024:
2676:
1738:
1721:
1682:
1349:
585:
Banquet scene of a Satrap, on the "Sarcophagus of the Satrap",
3042:
1143:
Coinage and Administration in the Athenian and Persian Empires
320:
1170:
Curtis, John; Tallis, Nigel; André-Salvini, Béatrice (2005).
800:, who ruled in central India to their south and east and the
3658:
1285:
The Book of Daniel: A Discussion of the Historical Questions
1213:
Die Satrapienverwaltung im Perserreich zur Zeit Darius’ III.
430:
BCE, provincial organization actually originated during the
257:
80:
669:(and their dynasties) who carved it up, especially in the
4528:
In most territories, Achaemenid rulers were succeeded by
71:
1174:. pp. 258–59, fig. 454, Silver tetradrachm of Bagadates.
1228:
Die Satrapienregister der Alexander- und Diadochenzeit.
251:
203:
167:
1233:
Einzelschriften, vol. 145. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner,
896:
760:
The Western Satraps or Kshatrapas (35–405 CE) of the
303:
292:
276:
68:
976:(4 ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 724.
506:
Xenophon), and had to put down brigands and rebels.
270:
219:
193:
83:
77:
74:
5545:
5260:
4903:
4582:
4427:
4393:
4364:
4330:
4281:
4244:
4159:
4125:
4101:
4023:
3957:
3882:
3845:
3768:
3669:
3536:
3310:
3035:
2913:
2687:
2596:
2570:
2532:
2509:
2447:
2407:
2342:
2310:
2275:
2210:
2187:
2159:
2020:
2002:
1984:
1924:
1901:
1847:
1822:
1808:
1785:
1749:
103:and in several of their successors, such as in the
65:
998:"Greece xii. Persian Loanwords and Names in Greek"
1047:"Kshatrapa, Kṣatrapa, Kshatra-pa: 8 definitions"
944:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 626.
796:and were possibly their overlords, and with the
704:as well as the location of military garrisons.
673:, where the satrap generally was designated as
1197:. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 385–391.
1117:. University of California Press. p. 46.
768:rulers in the western and central part of the
188:, literally "protector of the province"). The
4559:
3503:
1694:
1361:
1172:Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia
1139:"The Administration of the Achaemenid Empire"
1114:Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia
282:
135:
8:
1328:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1066:The Bible (Jewish Publication Society, 1917)
224:
3472:List of administrative divisions by country
1663:Taxation districts of the Achaemenid Empire
974:Fowler's Dictionary of Modern English Usage
972:Butterfield, Jeremy, ed. (2015). "satrap".
814:Taxation districts of the Achaemenid Empire
617:The last great rebellions were put down by
143:
4566:
4552:
4544:
3510:
3496:
3488:
3032:
3021:
2684:
2673:
1746:
1735:
1731:
1718:
1701:
1687:
1679:
1368:
1354:
1346:
1159:. Cambridge University Press. p. 73f.
367:Learn how and when to remove this message
48:, end of 6th century BCE, probably under
1287:, 1917. Available on home.earthlink.net.
383:
835:
115:is the territory governed by a satrap.
5735:Hellenistic satraps were preceded by
1008:from the original on 25 February 2024
788:. They were contemporaneous with the
291:so the word now means "town keeper" (
287:), but the components have undergone
27:Ruler of a province in ancient Persia
7:
349:adding citations to reliable sources
1290:Rüdiger Schmitt, "Der Titel 'Satrap
283:
225:
5765:Positions of subnational authority
610:and Syria were in open rebellion (
606:occasionally the greater parts of
441:Up to the time of the conquest of
388:satrapies of the Achaemenid Empire
25:
1341:Livius.org: Satraps and satrapies
938:Trollope, Anthony (12 May 2011).
5775:Types of administrative division
2489:Organized incorporated territory
1650:
1302:
1111:André-Salvini, Béatrice (2005).
476:, a former Athenian general, as
325:
61:
3477:Slavic administrative divisions
1191:"Appendix H: Kings and Satraps"
875:Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary
804:state to their immediate west.
336:needs additional citations for
250:), it is recorded in the forms
3026:Non-English terms or loanwords
2230:Direct-controlled municipality
1260:History of the Persian Empire,
1:
5716:
5676:
5665:
5605:
2355:Special administrative region
1145:(1987; Oxford: BAR), 109-166.
751:
564:
485:
401:
2255:Mountain resort municipality
2132:Intermediate school district
2115:Educational service district
1971:Regional county municipality
1098:A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary
271:
258:
252:
194:
178:
168:
153:
101:Persian (Achaemenid) Empires
5739:, and followed or ruled by
2586:Autonomous territorial unit
559:receiving visitors, on the
304:
293:
277:
231:, as found in Esther 3:12.
220:
204:
163:), itself borrowed from an
42:Persian (Achaemenid) Empire
5801:
3656:
2467:National capital territory
2188:Indian reserve/reservation
2055:Indian government district
1709:Designations for types of
1189:Ashley, James R. (2004) .
727:
628:
183:
158:
5733:
5267:Partition of Triparadisus
4526:
4179:Queen Amoashtart (regent)
3526:
3457:Autonomous administration
3444:
3031:
3020:
2683:
2672:
2462:Federal capital territory
2075:Non-metropolitan district
2065:Local government district
1745:
1734:
1730:
1717:
1659:
1648:
1413:
1298:ed. Meid (1976), 373–390.
1244:Klinkott, Hilmar (2005).
1226:Klinkott, Hilmar (2000).
1141:. In I. Carradice (ed.),
924:Oxford English Dictionary
635:Partition of Triparadisus
426:, beginning at around 530
308:
297:
209:
192:form is reconstructed as
136:
40:, probable portrait of a
2267:Specialized municipality
1944:Consolidated city-county
845:The Numismatic Chronicle
91:) was a governor of the
2629:Military exclusion zone
2607:Exclusive economic zone
2372:National capital region
1964:Non-metropolitan county
1711:administrative division
1325:Encyclopædia Britannica
1268:Petit, Thierry (1990).
1155:Mørkholm, Otto (1991).
5553:Peithon, son of Agenor
5522:Peithon, son of Agenor
5237:Peithon, son of Agenor
4870:Peithon, son of Agenor
4756:Cleomenes of Naucratis
4117:Alexander I of Macedon
3663:
2646:Self-administered zone
2484:Incorporated territory
2351:Administrative region
2120:Local service district
2040:Congressional district
1211:Jacobs, Bruno (1994).
757:
687:Parthian and Sassanian
658:
644:
590:
570:
526:
491:
415:
407:. Karaburun tomb near
389:
144:
52:
5305:Hellespontine Phrygia
4955:Hellespontine Phrygia
4630:Hellespontine Phrygia
3774:Hellespontine Phrygia
3662:
3645:Darius III Codomannus
2617:Special economic zone
2301:Praetorian prefecture
2285:Autonomous prefecture
2245:Regional municipality
2235:District municipality
2070:Metropolitan district
1934:Administrative county
1916:Residential community
1762:Local government area
1609:Hellespontine Phrygia
1137:Tuplin, Christopher,
1094:MacKenzie, David Neil
741:
650:
642:
629:Further information:
612:Revolt of the Satraps
584:
554:
516:
471:
451:divine right of kings
434:era from at least 648
400:in Achaemenid style,
395:
387:
246:(the language of the
142:is derived via Latin
118:A satrap served as a
35:
5780:Gubernatorial titles
5383:Laomedon of Mytilene
5039:Laomedon of Mytilene
4910:Partition of Babylon
4380:Hydarnes the Younger
4112:Amyntas I of Macedon
3635:Artaxerxes III Ochus
3630:Artaxerxes II Mnemon
3531:- Achaemenid Kingdom
3208:Njësi administrative
2240:Neutral municipality
2179:Subdivision of India
1911:Autonomous community
1800:Metropolitan borough
1740:Common English terms
1283:Robert Dick Wilson.
1082:Strong's Concordance
1077:'ăḥašdarpᵊnîm (H323)
1002:Encyclopædia Iranica
941:The Eustace Diamonds
631:Partition of Babylon
463:Behistun inscription
345:improve this article
4588:Alexander the Great
4530:Hellenistic satraps
4428:Other known satraps
3883:Greek Governors of
3650:Artaxerxes V Bessus
3640:Artaxerxes IV Arses
2851:Autonomous republic
2779:Enclave and exclave
2678:Other English terms
2474:Dependent territory
2320:Autonomous province
2250:Resort municipality
2225:County municipality
2012:Overseas department
1959:Metropolitan county
1772:Unincorporated area
1027:Bukharin, Mikhail.
784:regions of western
762:Indian subcontinent
663:Alexander the Great
313:meaning "keeper").
5785:Iranian inventions
5741:Hellenistic rulers
4536:from around 330 BC
4534:Hellenistic rulers
3664:
3467:Electoral district
2784:Federal dependency
2612:Free economic zone
2496:Overseas territory
2379:Development region
2262:Rural municipality
2195:Indian reservation
2087:Municipal district
2045:Electoral district
1885:Free imperial city
1623:Samaritan Province
758:
714:Armenian provinces
659:
645:
591:
571:
555:Achaemenid Satrap
527:
492:
416:
390:
269:the descendant of
53:
5770:Achaemenid Empire
5747:
5746:
5737:Achaemenid rulers
5339:Cleitus the White
4832:Cleitus the Black
4541:
4540:
3730:Cyrus the Younger
3541:Achaemenid Empire
3520:Achaemenid Empire
3485:
3484:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3016:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3004:
3003:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2663:
2582:Territorial unit
2479:Federal territory
2457:Capital territory
2362:Autonomous region
2326:Overseas province
2220:City municipality
2111:Service district
2107:Sanitary district
2097:Regional district
2082:Military district
1939:Autonomous county
1872:Incorporated city
1676:
1675:
1381:Achaemenid Empire
1379:Provinces of the
1204:978-0-7864-1918-0
1124:978-0-520-24731-4
1096:(1971). "šasab".
983:978-0-19-966135-0
951:978-0-19-162041-6
877:. Merriam-Webster
489: 465–459 BC
478:Achaemenid Empire
420:Achaemenid Empire
377:
376:
369:
302:meaning "town" +
238:(language of the
16:(Redirected from
5792:
5721:
5718:
5681:
5678:
5670:
5667:
5610:
5607:
5601:, Vadfradad II,
4568:
4561:
4554:
4545:
3600:Darius the Great
3512:
3505:
3498:
3489:
3073:Regierungsbezirk
3033:
3022:
2685:
2674:
2636:Free speech zone
2542:Charter township
2295:Super-prefecture
2139:Special district
2050:Federal district
2030:Capital district
1994:Overseas country
1867:Independent city
1838:Imperial capital
1777:Unorganized area
1747:
1736:
1732:
1719:
1703:
1696:
1689:
1680:
1671:
1654:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1347:
1329:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1293:
1258:A. T. Olmstead,
1208:
1176:
1175:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1146:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1090:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
994:
988:
987:
969:
963:
962:
960:
958:
935:
929:
928:
918:
912:
911:
909:
907:
893:
887:
886:
884:
882:
867:
861:
860:
840:
756:
753:
730:Northern Satraps
710:Byzantine Empire
597:
589:, 4th century BC
569:
566:
523:Achaemenid Lydia
505:
501:
490:
487:
459:Darius the Great
437:
429:
406:
403:
372:
365:
361:
358:
352:
329:
321:
312:
307:
301:
296:
286:
285:
280:
274:
262:, respectively.
261:
255:
248:Sassanian Empire
230:
229:
227:אֲחַשְׁדַּרְפָּן
223:
213:
207:
197:
195:*khshathrapavan-
187:
181:
171:
162:
156:
147:
141:
140:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
79:
76:
73:
70:
67:
21:
5800:
5799:
5795:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5750:
5749:
5748:
5743:
5729:
5719:
5679:
5668:
5608:
5541:
5269:
5265:
5256:
4912:
4908:
4899:
4640:Greater Phrygia
4590:
4578:
4572:
4542:
4537:
4522:
4477:Greater Phrygia
4423:
4389:
4360:
4326:
4277:
4240:
4155:
4121:
4097:
4019:
3953:
3878:
3841:
3832:Pharnabazus III
3764:
3665:
3654:
3585:Cyrus the Great
3538:
3532:
3522:
3516:
3486:
3481:
3462:Census division
3432:
3306:
3027:
3000:
2951:Imperial Circle
2909:
2679:
2660:
2654:Free-trade zone
2592:
2566:
2557:Survey township
2528:
2505:
2501:Union territory
2443:
2438:Sovereign state
2403:
2394:Overseas region
2338:
2306:
2271:
2206:
2197:(United States)
2183:
2174:Police division
2169:Census division
2155:
2127:School district
2092:Police district
2016:
1998:
1980:
1920:
1897:
1892:Royal free city
1857:Autonomous city
1843:
1832:Federal capital
1818:
1804:
1781:
1741:
1726:
1713:
1707:
1677:
1672:
1665:
1655:
1646:
1632:Skudra (Thrace)
1613:Greater Phrygia
1409:
1408:
1374:
1337:
1318:, ed. (1911). "
1314:
1303:
1301:
1291:
1205:
1188:
1185:
1183:Further reading
1180:
1179:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1136:
1132:
1125:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1011:
1009:
996:
995:
991:
984:
971:
970:
966:
956:
954:
952:
937:
936:
932:
920:
919:
915:
905:
903:
895:
894:
890:
880:
878:
869:
868:
864:
842:
841:
837:
832:
819:Orontid dynasty
810:
754:
736:
734:Western Satraps
728:Main articles:
726:
697:Sassanid Empire
693:Parthian Empire
689:
671:Seleucid Empire
656:Seleucid Empire
637:
627:
595:
567:
503:
499:
488:
435:
427:
424:Cyrus the Great
404:
396:A dignitary of
382:
373:
362:
356:
353:
342:
330:
319:
272:*khshathrapavan
216:Biblical Hebrew
132:
105:Sasanian Empire
95:of the ancient
64:
60:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5798:
5796:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5752:
5751:
5745:
5744:
5734:
5731:
5730:
5728:
5727:
5707:
5697:
5687:
5660:
5650:
5640:
5626:
5616:
5584:
5574:
5560:
5549:
5547:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5539:
5529:
5519:
5509:
5499:
5485:
5471:
5457:
5447:
5437:
5427:
5417:
5407:
5400:
5390:
5380:
5370:
5356:
5346:
5336:
5326:
5308:
5298:
5288:
5273:
5271:
5258:
5257:
5255:
5254:
5244:
5234:
5224:
5214:
5204:
5194:
5180:
5166:
5156:
5150:
5140:
5126:
5116:
5106:
5096:
5086:
5076:
5066:
5056:
5046:
5036:
5026:
5012:
5002:
4992:
4978:
4968:
4958:
4948:
4938:
4931:
4916:
4914:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4877:
4867:
4853:
4843:
4825:
4803:
4793:
4783:
4773:
4763:
4753:
4735:
4721:
4711:
4701:
4687:
4677:
4667:
4657:
4643:
4633:
4619:
4605:
4594:
4592:
4580:
4579:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4548:
4539:
4538:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4521:
4520:
4510:
4500:
4490:
4480:
4470:
4460:
4450:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4398:
4391:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4371:
4369:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4337:
4335:
4328:
4327:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4312:Pherendates II
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4254:
4252:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4237:Abdashtart III
4235:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4215:Baalshillem II
4212:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4161:Kings of Sidon
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4135:
4131:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4114:
4108:
4106:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3964:
3962:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3855:
3853:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3817:Pharnabazus II
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3715:Artaphernes II
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3676:
3674:
3667:
3666:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3543:
3537:Kings of Kings
3534:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3518:Rulers in the
3517:
3515:
3514:
3507:
3500:
3492:
3483:
3482:
3480:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3378:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3179:
3178:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3001:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2765:
2764:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2713:
2712:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2670:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2656:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2624:Exclusion zone
2621:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2603:Economic zone
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2562:Urban township
2559:
2554:
2552:Paper township
2549:
2547:Civil township
2544:
2538:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2491:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2453:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2367:Capital region
2364:
2359:
2358:
2357:
2348:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2333:Roman province
2329:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2304:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2281:
2279:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2216:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2201:Indian reserve
2198:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2151:Urban district
2148:
2147:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2124:
2123:
2122:
2117:
2109:
2104:
2102:Rural district
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2026:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1895:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1842:
1841:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1795:County borough
1791:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1666:(according to
1660:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1615:
1614:
1611:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1519:
1509:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1422:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1395:Naqsh-e Rustam
1383:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1336:
1335:External links
1333:
1332:
1331:
1316:Chisholm, Hugh
1299:
1296:Studies Palmer
1288:
1281:
1266:
1263:
1256:
1242:
1224:
1209:
1203:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1162:
1147:
1130:
1123:
1103:
1085:
1068:
1056:
1051:Wisdom Library
1038:
1019:
989:
982:
964:
950:
930:
913:
901:Wiktionary.org
888:
862:
834:
833:
831:
828:
827:
826:
821:
816:
809:
806:
744:Western Satrap
725:
722:
688:
685:
626:
623:
619:Artaxerxes III
561:Tomb of Payava
381:
378:
375:
374:
333:
331:
324:
318:
315:
289:semantic shift
267:modern Persian
244:Middle Persian
240:Arsacid Empire
185:𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎱𐎠𐎺𐎠
131:
128:
38:Herakleia head
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5797:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5757:
5755:
5742:
5738:
5732:
5725:
5720: 150 BC
5715:
5711:
5708:
5705:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5688:
5685:
5680: 175 BC
5674:
5669: 220 BC
5664:
5661:
5658:
5654:
5651:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5627:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5614:
5609: 220 BC
5604:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5572:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5550:
5548:
5546:Later Satraps
5544:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5527:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5507:
5503:
5500:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5486:
5483:
5479:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5465:
5461:
5458:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5435:
5431:
5428:
5425:
5421:
5418:
5415:
5411:
5408:
5405:
5402:Amphimachus (
5401:
5398:
5394:
5391:
5388:
5384:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5360:
5357:
5354:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5340:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5302:
5299:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5268:
5263:
5259:
5252:
5248:
5245:
5242:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5222:
5218:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5202:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5181:
5178:
5174:
5170:
5167:
5164:
5160:
5157:
5154:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5129:Phrataphernes
5127:
5124:
5120:
5117:
5114:
5110:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5094:
5090:
5087:
5084:
5080:
5077:
5074:
5070:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5044:
5040:
5037:
5034:
5030:
5027:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5006:
5003:
5000:
4996:
4993:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4979:
4976:
4972:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4952:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4895:
4891:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4878:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4844:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4810:Phrataphernes
4807:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4794:
4791:
4787:
4786:Autophradates
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4764:
4761:
4757:
4754:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4733:
4729:
4725:
4722:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4709:
4705:
4702:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4609:
4606:
4603:
4599:
4596:
4595:
4593:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4576:
4569:
4564:
4562:
4557:
4555:
4550:
4549:
4546:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4518:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4488:
4484:
4483:Phrataphernes
4481:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4464:
4461:
4458:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4404:Syennesis III
4402:
4401:
4399:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4329:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4280:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4236:
4234:Abdashtart II
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4207:Baalshillem I
4205:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4184:Eshmunazar II
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4127:Kings of Tyre
4124:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3881:
3875:
3872:
3870:
3869:Mithrobuzanes
3867:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3807:Pharnabazus I
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3779:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3767:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3755:Autophradates
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:Artaphernes I
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3668:
3661:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3521:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3501:
3499:
3494:
3493:
3490:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3443:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:Kommun/Kunta
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3023:
3019:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2976:Roman diocese
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2816:Neighbourhood
2814:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2695:Alpine resort
2693:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2675:
2671:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2578:Regional unit
2576:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2458:
2455:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2427:Federal state
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
2356:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2290:Subprefecture
2288:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2060:Land district
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2035:City district
2033:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1878:Imperial city
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:English terms
1720:
1716:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1697:
1692:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1669:
1664:
1658:
1653:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
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179:khshathapavan
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169:*khshathra-pa
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30:
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5591:Ardakhshir I
4766:Satibarzanes
4591:(334-323 BC)
4493:Ariobarzanes
4463:Satibarzanes
4220:Abdashtart I
4202:Tetramnestos
4169:Eshmunazar I
4073:Artemisia II
3983:Teththiweibi
3929:Themistocles
3874:Ariarathes I
3827:Artabazus II
3822:Ariobarzanes
3812:Pharnaces II
3760:Spithridates
3735:Tissaphernes
3725:Tissaphernes
3610:Artaxerxes I
3562:
3555:
3548:
3447:
3407:
3368:Maalaiskunta
3328:Heerlijkheid
3168:Län (Sweden)
2836:Protectorate
2831:Principality
2752:Constituency
2641:Neutral zone
2436:
2331:
2324:
2299:
2212:Municipality
1890:
1883:
1876:
1862:Charter city
1836:
1767:Special area
1757:Insular area
1401: /
1397: /
1393: /
1389: /
1323:
1295:
1284:
1269:
1259:
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1227:
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1088:
1071:
1059:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1022:
1010:. Retrieved
1001:
992:
973:
967:
955:. Retrieved
940:
933:
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900:
891:
879:. Retrieved
874:
865:
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717:
705:
701:
690:
674:
660:
616:
592:
572:
545:
541:
539:
534:
530:
528:
525:, 388–380 BC
521:, Satrap of
508:
496:
493:
474:Themistocles
447:client kings
440:
417:
380:Medo-Persian
363:
354:
343:Please help
338:verification
335:
264:
233:
133:
117:
112:
56:
54:
29:
5714:Hyspaosines
5690:Apollodorus
5599:Vadfradad I
5506:Paropamisia
5404:Mesopotamia
5367:Paphlagonia
5221:Paropamisia
5073:Mesopotamia
5049:Neoptolemus
5023:Paphlagonia
4850:Paropamisia
4814:Pharismanes
4738:Phrasaortes
4708:Mesopotamia
4670:Abdalonymus
4660:Abistamenes
4575:Hellenistic
4394:Satraps of
4365:Satraps of
4331:Satraps of
4297:Pherendates
4282:Satraps of
4230:Evagoras II
4093:Orontobates
4052:Lygdamis II
3958:Dynasts of
3934:Archeptolis
3924:Aristagoras
3909:Eurysthenes
3802:Artabazus I
3740:Tithraustes
3670:Satraps of
3590:Cambyses II
3529:Family tree
3363:Landskommun
3255:Savivaldybė
3121:Switzerland
3116:South Tyrol
2996:Viceroyalty
2789:Governorate
2747:Condominium
2650:Trade zone
2524:Market town
2519:Census town
2417:Proto-state
2389:Microregion
1954:County town
1949:County seat
1816:Half-canton
1064:Esther 3:12
1012:25 February
957:28 November
652:Bagadates I
517:Coinage of
221:aḥashdarpan
202:cognate is
174:Old Persian
165:Old Iranian
111:empires. A
109:Hellenistic
5754:Categories
5700:Ptolemaeus
5619:Andragoras
5420:Tlepolemus
5363:Cappadocia
5349:Philoxenus
5301:Arrhidaeus
5291:Lysimachus
5155:(Pelasgia)
5109:Tlepolemus
5069:Arcesilaus
5019:Cappadocia
4941:Lysimachus
4796:Andragoras
4664:Cappadocia
4600:(Queen of
4302:Achaemenes
4273:Orontes II
4268:Darius III
4189:Bodashtart
4137:Boulomenus
4063:Hecatomnus
4047:Pisindelis
4037:Lygdamis I
4010:Mithrapata
4001:Artembares
3944:Amyntas II
3885:Asia Minor
3864:Ariamnes I
3851:Cappadocia
3797:Oebares II
3782:Mitrobates
3720:Pissuthnes
3580:Cambyses I
3557:Ariaramnes
3550:Achaemenes
3311:Historical
3275:Shahrestān
3218:Autonomous
2966:Presidency
2914:Historical
2883:Suzerainty
2866:Autonomous
2710:Autonomous
2432:Free state
2422:City-state
2384:Mesoregion
2277:Prefecture
2004:Department
1627:Sattagydia
1584:Massagetae
1535:(Gandhara)
1463:Cappadocia
1417:Akaufaka (
1391:Persepolis
921:"satrap".
881:26 January
830:References
824:Suzerainty
798:Satavahana
778:Saurashtra
776:, and the
772:region of
608:Asia Minor
576:Persepolis
544:(actually
480:Satrap of
398:Asia Minor
124:pejorative
46:Asia Minor
44:Satrap of
5724:Characene
5710:Noumenios
5704:Commagene
5673:Timarchus
5653:Alexander
5629:Demodamas
5603:Alexander
5587:Bagadates
5571:Drangiana
5567:Arachosia
5563:Sibyrtius
5492:Arachosia
5488:Sibyrtius
5482:Drangiana
5474:Stasander
5454:Babylonia
5440:Antigenes
5393:Peucestas
5329:Cassander
5323:Pamphylia
5311:Antigonus
5277:Antipater
5207:Scythaeus
5187:Arachosia
5183:Sibyrtius
5177:Drangiana
5143:Antigenes
5089:Atropates
5081:(Greater
5059:Peucestas
4989:Pamphylia
4961:Antigonus
4951:Leonnatus
4920:Antipater
4828:Artabazos
4806:Amminapes
4788:(Tapuri,
4776:Sibyrtius
4746:Peucestas
4728:Atropates
4680:Mithrenes
4636:Antigonus
4626:Demarchus
4439:Abrocomas
4435:Megabyzus
4409:Camisares
4385:Atropates
4341:Hystaspes
4263:Orontes I
4258:Artasyrus
4194:Yatonmilk
4151:Azemilcus
4134:Mattan IV
4104:Macedonia
4102:Kings of
4088:Pixodarus
4042:Artemisia
4005:Artumpara
3949:Philiscus
3919:Histiaeus
3899:Demaratus
3894:Miltiades
3792:Megabates
3787:Megabazus
3745:Tiribazus
3625:Darius II
3620:Sogdianus
3615:Xerxes II
3352:Landskap
3348:Län/Lääni
3302:Vingtaine
3270:Seniūnija
3260:Selsoviet
3235:Poblacion
3172:Landskap
3102:Gemeinde
3093:Freguesia
3048:Apskritis
2971:Residency
2936:Exarchate
2878:Sultanate
2769:Eldership
2700:Bailiwick
2449:Territory
2399:Subregion
2144:in the US
1976:Viscounty
1903:Community
1668:Herodotus
1661:See also
1599:Phoenicia
1512:Eber-Nari
1507:2nd Egypt
1503:1st Egypt
1498:Drangiana
1478:Chorasmia
1453:Babylonia
1433:Arachosia
906:14 August
897:"satrapy"
851:: 13–20.
742:Coin of "
718:Satrapiae
681:Parthians
676:strategos
546:Hyparkhos
531:ganzabara
519:Tiribazos
205:kshatrapa
134:The word
130:Etymology
93:provinces
18:Kshatrapa
5643:Diodotus
5637:Sogdiana
5526:Gandhara
5502:Oxyartes
5496:Gedrosia
5468:Sogdiana
5460:Stasanor
5450:Seleucus
5424:Carmania
5270:(321 BC)
5241:Gandhara
5217:Oxyartes
5211:Sogdiana
5191:Gedrosia
5169:Stasanor
5163:Hyrcania
5091:(Lesser
5005:Philotas
4995:Menander
4981:Nearchus
4913:(323 BC)
4874:Gandhara
4846:Oxyartes
4818:Hyrcania
4780:Carmania
4724:Oxydates
4714:Abulites
4694:Stamenes
4646:Balakros
4612:Menander
4503:Abulites
4457:Hyrcania
4375:Hydarnes
4351:Masistes
4292:Aryandes
4146:Evagoras
4068:Mausolus
4059:(satrap)
3980:Harpagus
3971:Kybernis
3939:Aridolis
3904:Gongylos
3750:Struthas
3690:Harpagus
3605:Xerxes I
3453:See also
3188:Maakunta
3183:Località
3128:Gemeente
3088:Frazione
3058:Barangay
2888:Townland
2826:Precinct
2811:Muftiate
2762:District
2722:Cadastre
2534:Township
2312:Province
2203:(Canada)
2161:Division
2022:District
1574:Margiana
1544:Hyrcania
1539:Gedrosia
1473:Carmania
1419:Quhistan
1387:Behistun
1231:Historia
1006:Archived
1004:. 2012.
871:"Satrap"
857:42668124
808:See also
794:Peshawar
774:Pakistan
748:Nahapana
706:Shahrabs
702:shahrabs
667:Diadochi
625:Seleucid
600:Darius I
542:hyparchs
497:Nehemiah
482:Magnesia
472:Coin of
455:viceroys
357:May 2024
278:shahrbān
236:Parthian
218:form is
200:Sanskrit
160:σατράπης
154:satrápes
145:satrapes
107:and the
50:Darius I
5760:Satraps
5694:Susiana
5647:Bactria
5633:Bactria
5623:Parthia
5595:Wahbarz
5577:Eudemus
5557:Babylon
5512:Taxiles
5464:Bactria
5444:Susiana
5434:Parthia
5410:Peithon
5373:Ptolemy
5359:Nicanor
5353:Cilicia
5315:Phrygia
5281:Macedon
5264:at the
5262:Satraps
5227:Taxiles
5201:Bactria
5197:Amyntas
5147:Susiana
5137:Parthia
5133:Armenia
5123:Parthia
5119:Nicanor
5103:Susiana
5079:Peithon
5053:Armenia
5029:Ptolemy
5015:Eumenes
5009:Cilicia
4971:Asander
4965:Phrygia
4935:Illyria
4933:Philo (
4924:Macedon
4905:Satraps
4880:Taxiles
4860:Eudemus
4840:Bactria
4836:Amyntas
4822:Parthia
4800:Parthia
4718:Susiana
4704:Mazakes
4698:Babylon
4690:Mazaeus
4684:Armenia
4654:Cilicia
4608:Asander
4584:Satraps
4577:satraps
4517:Babylon
4513:Mazaeus
4507:Susiana
4487:Parthia
4473:Atizyes
4443:Belesys
4419:Arsames
4414:Mazaeus
4396:Cilicia
4346:Dadarsi
4333:Bactria
4322:Mazaces
4317:Sabaces
4307:Arsames
4250:Armenia
4246:Satraps
4141:Abdemon
4078:Idrieus
4057:Adusius
4025:Dynasts
4015:Perikle
3997:Arbinas
3987:Kheriga
3976:Kuprlli
3967:Kheziga
3914:Prokles
3859:Datames
3847:Satraps
3837:Arsites
3770:Satraps
3700:Bagaeus
3695:Oroetus
3685:Mazares
3680:Tabalus
3595:Bardiya
3575:Cyrus I
3570:Teispes
3564:Arsames
3539:of the
3448:italics
3408:Satrapy
3393:Pargana
3318:Commote
3176:Finland
3156:Finland
3148:Kampong
3138:Hromada
3111:Germany
3106:Austria
3078:Comarca
3036:Current
2991:Tithing
2961:Monthon
2946:Hundred
2893:Village
2846:Regency
2841:Quarter
2774:Emirate
2742:Commune
2732:Circuit
2688:Current
1986:Country
1824:Capital
1787:Borough
1604:Phrygia
1589:Parthia
1554:Hindush
1533:Gandāra
1529:(Nubia)
1488:Colchis
1483:Cilicia
1458:Bactria
1448:Assyria
1443:Armenia
1424:Amyrgoi
1313::
790:Kushans
691:In the
317:History
234:In the
214:). The
211:क्षत्रप
120:viceroy
113:satrapy
5613:Persis
5516:Punjab
5430:Philip
5397:Persis
5295:Thrace
5285:Greece
5231:Punjab
5159:Philip
5153:Archon
5113:Persia
5099:Scynus
5063:Persis
4945:Thrace
4928:Greece
4907:at the
4884:Punjab
4856:Philip
4750:Persis
4742:Oxines
4586:under
4497:Persis
4356:Bessus
4225:Tennes
4198:Anysos
4174:Tabnit
3992:Kherei
3887:cities
3705:Otanes
3423:Syssel
3413:Socken
3381:Greece
3356:Sweden
3343:Korale
3338:Köping
3333:Komunë
3297:Tehsil
3213:Oblast
3161:Sweden
3083:Comune
3068:Bezirk
3063:Bashki
3053:Bakhsh
2926:Barony
2921:Agency
2898:Summer
2861:Sector
2856:Riding
2821:Parish
2794:Hamlet
2737:Colony
2727:Circle
2705:Banner
2344:Region
1926:County
1810:Canton
1637:Sogdia
1594:Persis
1516:Levant
1428:Arabia
1320:Satrap
1307:
1294:", in
1276:
1252:
1237:
1219:
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1121:
980:
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802:Kushan
724:Indian
716:, the
596:
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432:Median
428:
422:under
409:Elmalı
284:شهربان
253:šahrab
242:) and
198:. Its
190:Median
138:satrap
97:Median
57:satrap
5684:Media
5663:Molon
5657:Lydia
5581:Indus
5536:Indus
5532:Porus
5414:Media
5387:Syria
5377:Egypt
5343:Lydia
5333:Caria
5319:Lycia
5251:Indus
5247:Porus
5093:Media
5083:Media
5043:Syria
5033:Egypt
4999:Lydia
4985:Lycia
4975:Caria
4894:Indus
4890:Porus
4864:India
4790:Mardi
4760:Egypt
4732:Media
4674:Sidon
4650:Menes
4622:Calas
4616:Lydia
4602:Caria
4453:Ochus
4447:Syria
4367:Media
4284:Egypt
4211:Baana
4029:Caria
3960:Lycia
3672:Lydia
3418:Subah
3403:Rreth
3398:Plasă
3388:Pagus
3376:Egypt
3372:Nome
3292:Sýsla
3285:China
3265:Sitio
3250:Raion
3240:Purok
3230:Ostān
3225:Okrug
3203:Mukim
3198:Muban
3193:Megye
3143:Județ
3133:Gmina
2986:Tenth
2956:March
2931:Burgh
2873:Shire
2804:Royal
2799:Manor
2757:Duchy
2717:Block
2409:State
1642:Yehud
1579:Media
1564:Lydia
1559:Libya
1549:Ionia
1493:Dahae
1468:Caria
1403:Daeva
1262:1948.
853:JSTOR
786:India
782:Malwa
770:Sindh
764:were
587:Sidon
443:Media
438:BCE.
413:Lycia
294:shahr
259:šasab
172:. In
150:Greek
148:from
5494:and
5480:and
5478:Aria
5466:and
5365:and
5321:and
5283:and
5189:and
5175:and
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5021:and
4987:and
4926:and
4820:and
4770:Aria
4532:and
4467:Aria
3428:Zhou
3245:Qark
2981:Seat
2941:Hide
2905:Ward
2597:Zone
2571:Unit
2511:Town
1849:City
1750:Area
1619:Saka
1569:Maka
1527:Kush
1522:Elam
1438:Aria
1399:Susa
1274:ISBN
1250:ISBN
1235:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1199:ISBN
1119:ISBN
1014:2024
978:ISBN
959:2020
946:ISBN
908:2020
883:2012
780:and
766:Saka
732:and
633:and
535:shah
256:and
99:and
36:The
4598:Ada
4248:of
4083:Ada
4027:of
3849:of
3772:of
3323:Gau
3280:Sum
3043:Amt
1322:".
1080:in
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614:).
465:).
347:by
310:بان
305:ban
299:شهر
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