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212:. It was the first time that the Hindus and Muslims had made a joint demand for political reform to the British. It led to a growing belief in British India that Home Rule (self-government) was a real possibility. The pact also marked the high-water mark of Hindu-Muslim unity. It established cordial relations between the Muslim League and the Indian National Congress. Before the pact, both parties were viewed as rivals who opposed each other and worked in their own interests. However, the pact brought a change in that view.
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despite the fact that the Muslim population represented less than a third. Apart from that, the
Congress agreed that no act affecting a community should be passed unless three-quarters of that community's members on the council supported it. After the signing of this pact the rivalry between moderates and extremists was reduced to some extent. There was a significant change in their relation.
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The
Congress also accepted Muslim demands such as weightage in elections and separate electorates. they earlier had rejected this concession given to Muslims in the Morley Minto reforms. This also highlighted that Congress accepted Muslim league status and that it was a separate party working for the
171:
for
Muslims in electing representatives to the Imperial and Provincial Legislative Councils. Although the Muslims were given this right in the Indian Council Act of 1909, the Indian National Congress opposed it. The Congress also agreed to the idea of one-third seats for the Muslims in the Councils
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The
British had announced under immense pressure from Indian masses, in order to satisfy the Indians, that they will be considering a series of proposal that would lead to at least half of the members of the Executive Council being elected and the Legislative Council having a majority of elected
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until his death in 1915 and later represented by Gandhi. Though Jinnah advocated a separate nation for the
Muslims 20 years later, in 1916 he was a member of both Congress and Muslim League, was an associate of Tilak, and hailed as 'ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity’.
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in
December 1916. Through the pact, the two parties agreed to allow representation to religious minorities in the provincial legislatures. The Muslim League leaders agreed to join the Congress movement demanding Indian autonomy. Scholars cite this as an example of a
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members needed. Both the
Congress and the Muslim League supported these. Both had realized that for further concessions to be gained, greater cooperation was required.
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interests of
Muslims. It also meant that the Hindus and Congress accepted that Hindus and Muslims are separate communities with different demands and interests.
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The
Lucknow Pact also helped in establishing cordial relations between the two prominent groups within the Indian National Congress – the '
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At least half of the members of the
Executive Council being elected, the Legislative council having a majority of elected members
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Laws/Motions which were passed by large majorities in the councils should be accepted as bindings by the British Government.
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Wilkinson, Steven Ian (September–October 2000), "India, Consociational Theory, and Ethnic Violence",
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Both parties presented some common demands to the British. They demanded:
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314:"Historic Lucknow Pact enters 100th year | Lucknow News - Times of India"
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The leaders of the Muslim League, 1940. Jinnah is seated at centre.
150:(who joined the Muslim League in 1913) participated in this event.
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The number of elected seats on the councils should be increased.
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Quaid-e-Azam College of Engineering and Technology, Sahiwal
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The History and Culture of Pakistan by Nigel Kelly page 61
133:(AIML) at a joint session of both the parties held in
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represented the Congress while framing the deal, and
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
208:The Lucknow Pact was seen as a beacon of hope to
190:Minorities in the provinces should be protected.
1878:Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?
2105:
950:
402:
8:
2523:Cities and towns in Lakhimpur Kheri district
2391:Feroze Gandhi Unchahar Thermal Power Station
2370:Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport
196:Separating the executive from the judiciary
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409:
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880:List of properties of Muhammad Ali Jinnah
712:Quaid-e-Azam Inter Provincial Youth Games
193:All provinces should be granted autonomy.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
380:, The Times of India, 29 December 2015.
378:Historic Lucknow Pact enters 100th year
270:
2533:Cities and towns in Raebareli district
1843:Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence
917:
874:Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence
125:was an agreement reached between the
7:
2553:Villages in Lakhimpur Kheri district
2538:Cities and towns in Sitapur district
2528:Cities and towns in Lucknow district
1850:Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan
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337:
335:
333:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
2518:Cities and towns in Hardoi district
722:Quaid-e-Azam International Hospital
344:The History and Culture of Pakistan
312:Sinha, Arunav (December 29, 2015).
2543:Cities and towns in Unnao district
2360:Barabanki–Lucknow Suburban Railway
848:Sindh Madressatul Islam University
732:Quaid-e-Azam Law College Nawabshah
637:Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre
16:1916 Indian Hindu-Muslim agreement
14:
2151:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
607:Jinnah Medical and Dental College
366:Remembering Gopal Krishna Gokhale
1090:Muslim nationalism in South Asia
916:
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893:
892:
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368:, India Today, 19 February 2016.
176:Demands presented to the British
167:The Congress agreed to separate
23:
2429:Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary
2365:Lucknow–Kanpur Suburban Railway
1885:Causes of Indian Mutiny of 1857
858:Jinnah's People's Memorial Hall
677:Jinnah's People's Memorial Hall
642:Jinnah Sindh Medical University
532:Aiwan-e-Nawadrat-e-Quaid-i-Azam
34:needs additional citations for
2563:Villages in Raebareli district
1699:Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi
717:Quaid-e-Azam International Cup
687:Mohammad Ali Jinnah University
346:. Peak Publishing. p. 61.
1:
1810:Muhammad Ibrahim Mir Sialkoti
1704:Muhammad Karam Shah al-Azhari
838:Mohammad Ali Jenah Expressway
552:Mohammad Ali Jenah Expressway
142:practice in Indian politics.
2710:Indian independence movement
2558:Villages in Lucknow district
2424:Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary
1857:Pakistan: A Personal History
1597:Iftikhar Hussain Khan Mamdot
1382:Baba-e-Urdu Maulvi Abdul Haq
742:Quaid-e-Azam Medical College
632:Jinnah Polytechnic Institute
597:Jinnah International Airport
2578:People from Lakhimpur Kheri
2548:Villages in Hardoi district
667:Jinnah University for Women
2736:
2568:Villages in Unnao district
1795:Abdul Hamid Qadri Badayuni
1760:Amir Habibullah Khan Saadi
1643:Muhammad Abdul Qayyum Khan
1442:Nawab Mohammad Ismail Khan
1367:Nawab Waqar-ul-Mulk Kamboh
772:Quaid-e-Azam Tourist Lodge
752:Quaid-e-Azam Public School
697:Pakistan Muslim League (J)
652:Jinnah Stadium, Gujranwala
231:, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and
163:Agreements by the Congress
1790:Amir Abdullah Khan Rokhri
1447:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
1166:
1050:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
972:
888:
747:Quaid-e-Azam Police Medal
557:Governor's House, Karachi
457:
434:Fourteen Points of Jinnah
2434:Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary
2355:Charbagh railway station
1871:Pakistan: A Hard Country
1864:The Myth of Independence
1477:Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
1472:Mohammad Amir Ahmed Khan
1191:State emblem of Pakistan
1150:Constitution of Pakistan
1000:Indian Rebellion of 1857
727:Quaid-e-Azam Law College
692:Muhammad Ali Jinnah Road
582:Jinnah Convention Centre
577:Jinnah College for Women
562:Jinnah Antarctic Station
127:Indian National Congress
2439:Samaspur Bird Sanctuary
1780:Abdul Sattar Khan Niazi
1688:Ishtiaq Hussain Qureshi
1557:Muhammad Shafi Deobandi
1487:Ra'ana Liaquat Ali Khan
1422:Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan
1100:Indian Independence Act
1075:Round Table Conferences
979:timeline: 1947–present)
782:Quaid-i-Azam University
762:Quaid-e-Azam Solar Park
657:Jinnah Stadium, Sialkot
592:Jinnah Hospital, Lahore
2409:Kukrail Reserve Forest
1800:Sardar Aurang Zeb Khan
1735:Muhammad Ismail Zabeeh
1668:Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum
1658:Sheikh Sir Abdul Qadir
1397:Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman
1243:Philosophical Congress
1192:
1183:
1174:
868:Governor General House
757:Quaid-e-Azam Residency
617:Jinnah Memorial Mosque
612:Jinnah Medical College
587:Jinnah Hospital, Kabul
537:Bagh-e-Jinnah, Karachi
514:Quaid-e-Azam Residency
2588:People from Raebareli
2141:University of Lucknow
1711:(Pir of Manki Sharif)
1673:Jalaludin Abdur Rahim
1638:Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas
1633:Hakeem Mohammad Saeed
1622:Abu Bakr Ahmad Haleem
1592:Shahnawaz Khan Mamdot
1352:Sadeq Mohammad Khan V
1190:
1181:
1172:
1120:Objectives Resolution
1060:Now or Never pamphlet
787:Tamgha-e-Quaid-e-Azam
647:Jinnah Sports Stadium
542:Bagh-e-Jinnah, Lahore
342:Kelly, Nigel (2014).
241:Gopal Krishna Gokhale
223:' faction led by the
2444:Sandi Bird Sanctuary
2419:Dudhwa Tiger Reserve
2414:Dudhwa National Park
1730:Lady Abdullah Haroon
1497:Shabbir Ahmad Usmani
1452:Jogendra Nath Mandal
1402:Choudhary Rahmat Ali
853:Quaid-i-Azam Academy
767:Quaid-e-Azam Stadium
737:Quaid-e-Azam Library
672:Jinnah-class frigate
259:Reservation in India
43:improve this article
2583:People from Lucknow
2260:Rivers, dams, lakes
1775:Fatima Sughra Begum
1648:Sardar Ibrahim Khan
1602:Sikandar Hayat Khan
1552:Adamjee Haji Dawood
1432:Ghulam Bhik Nairang
1357:Mian Muhammad Shafi
1337:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
1322:Maulana Shaukat Ali
1317:Mohammad Ali Jauhar
1238:Renaissance Society
1228:Student Federations
1025:Partition of Bengal
975:History of Pakistan
777:Quaid-e-Azam Trophy
418:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
148:Muhammad Ali Jinnah
144:Bal Gangadhar Tilak
2593:People from Unnao
2573:People from Hardoi
1785:Viqar-un-Nisa Noon
1745:Naseer Ahmad Malhi
1725:Jahanara Shahnawaz
1653:Fida Mohammad Khan
1628:Ghulam Rasool Mehr
1607:Shaukat Hayat Khan
1587:Mian Iftikharuddin
1562:Zafar Ahmad Usmani
1462:Khawaja Nazimuddin
1308:(Nawab Salimullah)
1193:
1184:
1175:
1130:Pakistani monarchy
1105:Partition of India
995:East India Company
843:Quaid-i-Azam House
707:Quaid-e-Azam House
446:11th August Speech
318:The Times of India
210:Hindu–Muslim unity
2715:Pakistan Movement
2697:
2696:
2287:Languages, people
2210:Kakori conspiracy
2205:Khilafat Movement
2087:
2086:
2079:
2065:
2051:
2037:
2023:
2009:
1995:
1981:
1944:Deena Public Hall
1914:Pakistan Monument
1770:Sharif al Mujahid
1720:Hafeez Jalandhari
1492:Ashraf Ali Thanwi
1482:Qazi Mohammad Isa
1427:Jafar Khan Jamali
1392:Abdur Rab Nishtar
1387:Abdul Qayyum Khan
1362:Mian Abdul Rashid
1306:Khwaja Salimullah
1085:Direct Action Day
1080:Lahore Resolution
1070:Two nation theory
1055:Allahabad Address
1035:Khilafat Movement
1005:Deobandi Movement
966:Pakistan Movement
932:
931:
622:Jinnah Naval Base
472:and personal life
451:Two nation theory
426:Pakistan Movement
239:' faction led by
233:Bipin Chandra Pal
119:
118:
111:
93:
2727:
2190:Siege of Lucknow
2121:Lucknow division
2114:
2107:
2100:
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2073:
2059:
2045:
2031:
2017:
2003:
1989:
1975:
1939:National Library
1924:Ziarat Residency
1904:Minar-e-Pakistan
1836:Idea of Pakistan
1765:Habib Rahimtoola
1750:Ahmed Saeed Nagi
1572:Malik Barkat Ali
1567:Ahmed Ali Lahori
1407:A. K. Fazlul Huq
1377:Bahadur Yar Jung
1347:Liaquat Ali Khan
1327:Hakim Ajmal Khan
1182:Flag of Pakistan
1160:Protestant Islam
1155:British heritage
1145:National symbols
1140:Kashmir conflict
1040:Shuddhi movement
1015:Aligarh Movement
1010:Barelvi Movement
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1973:Youm-e-Pakistan
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1954:Jinnah Terminal
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1821:
1805:Abdullah Ropari
1709:Amin ul-Hasanat
1532:Abdullah Haroon
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1412:Jamaat Ali Shah
1296:Syed Ahmad Khan
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2304:Standard Hindi
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2071:Youm-e-Viladat
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2025:
2011:
1997:
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1968:
1966:
1960:
1959:
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1909:Bab-e-Pakistan
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1715:Syed Wajid Ali
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1617:Ziauddin Ahmad
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1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1542:Mahmoud Haroon
1539:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1511:
1504:
1502:Zafar Ali Khan
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1457:K. H. Khurshid
1454:
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1399:
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1372:Mohsin-ul-Mulk
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
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1332:Muhammad Iqbal
1329:
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1312:Syed Ameer Ali
1309:
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1110:Radcliffe Line
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877:
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865:
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845:
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835:
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828:Cinnah Caddesi
825:
817:
812:
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664:
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654:
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644:
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634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
602:Jinnah Mansion
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
567:Jinnah Barrage
564:
559:
554:
549:
547:Cinnah Caddesi
544:
539:
534:
528:
526:
520:
519:
517:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
484:Shireen Jinnah
481:
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473:
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458:
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436:
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428:
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416:
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391:
383:
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370:
358:
349:
329:
304:
286:(5): 767–791,
269:
268:
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256:
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205:
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194:
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174:
164:
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155:
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140:consociational
117:
116:
58:"Lucknow Pact"
31:
29:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2732:
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2690:
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2375:Lucknow Metro
2373:
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2198:
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2188:
2187:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2156:Bara Imambara
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2146:Firangi Mahal
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2044:
2043:Youm-e-Tasees
2040:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2002:
2001:Youm-e-Takbir
1998:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1987:Youm-e-Dastur
1984:
1982:
1979:
1974:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1961:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1934:Wazir Mansion
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:Mazar-e-Quaid
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
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1887:
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1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
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1761:
1758:
1756:
1755:Niaz Ali Khan
1753:
1751:
1748:
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1738:
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1728:
1726:
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1613:
1612:Muhammad Asad
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1582:Yusuf Khattak
1580:
1578:
1577:Aslam Khattak
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
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1475:
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1470:
1468:
1467:Mahmud Husain
1465:
1463:
1460:
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1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:Hasrat Mohani
1435:
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1430:
1428:
1425:
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1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1342:Fatima Jinnah
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
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1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1216:Bengal Branch
1214:
1212:
1211:Punjab Branch
1209:
1208:
1207:
1206:Muslim League
1204:
1203:
1201:
1199:Organisations
1197:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
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1136:
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1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
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1113:
1111:
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1103:
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1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1020:Urdu movement
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
992:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
971:
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960:
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953:
948:
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864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
833:Mazar-e-Quaid
831:
829:
826:
824:
822:
818:
816:
815:Bagh-e-Jinnah
813:
811:
810:
806:
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788:
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723:
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682:Mazar-e-Quaid
680:
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588:
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583:
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575:
573:
572:Jinnah Bridge
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
529:
527:
525:
521:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
504:Wazir Mansion
502:
500:
497:
495:
494:Maryam Jinnah
492:
490:
489:Emibai Jinnah
487:
485:
482:
480:
479:Fatima Jinnah
477:
476:
474:
471:
467:
462:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
441:
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435:
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182:
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136:
132:
131:Muslim League
128:
124:
113:
110:
102:
99:December 2018
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2497:Mohanlalganj
2195:Lucknow Pact
2194:
2171:
2075:
2070:
2061:
2057:Youm-e-Iqbal
2056:
2047:
2042:
2033:
2029:Youm-e-Difah
2028:
2019:
2015:Youm-e-Azadi
2014:
2005:
2000:
1991:
1986:
1977:
1972:
1949:Bab-e-Khyber
1929:Iqbal's Tom'
1896:Architecture
1884:
1877:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1814:
1740:Fatima Begum
1678:Z. A. Suleri
1663:M. M. Sharif
1547:Altaf Husain
1537:Yusuf Haroon
1527:Hamid Nizami
1506:
1301:Aga Khan III
1275:
1268:
1261:
1253:
1135:Republic Day
1125:Independence
1065:World War II
1045:Nehru Report
1030:Lucknow Pact
1029:
921:
909:
897:
872:
820:
807:
662:Jinnah Tower
440:Lucknow Pact
439:
438:
373:
361:
352:
343:
321:. Retrieved
317:
307:
283:
280:Asian Survey
279:
273:
235:), and the '
218:
214:
207:
179:
166:
157:
123:Lucknow Pact
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2402:sanctuaries
2174:(newspaper)
2172:The Pioneer
2166:Lucknow Zoo
2076:25 December
2034:6 September
1269:Nawa-i-Waqt
1248:Print media
1115:Durand Line
803:Caucus Case
627:Jinnah Park
509:South Court
225:Lal Bal Pal
169:electorates
2704:Categories
2684:Saharanpur
2639:Chitrakoot
2487:Rae Bareli
2384:Industries
2299:Hindustani
2062:9 November
2048:24 October
1827:Literature
1693:Jalal Baba
1417:G. M. Syed
1276:Contractor
923:Wikiquotes
863:Jinnah Cap
809:My Brother
499:Dina Wadia
323:2020-06-01
265:References
254:Poona Pact
204:Importance
154:Background
69:newspapers
2679:Prayagraj
2674:Moradabad
2649:Gorakhpur
2644:Devipatan
2477:Dhaurahra
2453:Lok Sabha
2318:Transport
2241:Raebareli
2219:Districts
2020:14 August
1964:In Memory
1683:G. Allana
1519:Activists
524:Memorials
221:extremist
2689:Varanasi
2669:Mirzapur
2629:Bareilly
2624:Azamgarh
2511:See also
2400:Wildlife
2274:(Sarayu)
2272:Ghaghara
1992:10 April
1978:23 March
1626:Maulana
1233:Khaksars
1223:Unionist
899:Category
248:See also
237:moderate
129:and the
2619:Ayodhya
2614:Aligarh
2492:Sitapur
2482:Lucknow
2467:Misrikh
2246:Sitapur
2236:Lucknow
2183:History
2129:General
1695:of NWFP
1287:Leaders
987:History
911:Commons
796:Related
300:3021176
135:Lucknow
83:scholar
2664:Meerut
2659:Kanpur
2654:Jhansi
2462:Hardoi
2350:NH 56B
2345:NH 56A
2335:NH 25A
2325:NH 24B
2294:Awadhi
2267:Ganges
2226:Hardoi
2123:topics
2006:28 May
1260:Daily
823:(film)
821:Jinnah
470:Family
298:
227:trio (
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2634:Basti
2502:Unnao
2472:Kheri
2340:NH 56
2330:NH 25
2278:Gomti
2251:Unnao
2136:Awadh
296:JSTOR
90:JSTOR
76:books
2609:Agra
2309:Urdu
1816:more
1508:more
1294:Sir
1262:Jang
1254:Dawn
121:The
62:news
288:doi
45:by
2706::
332:^
316:.
294:,
284:40
282:,
2113:e
2106:t
2099:v
2078:)
2074:(
2064:)
2060:(
2050:)
2046:(
2036:)
2032:(
2022:)
2018:(
2008:)
2004:(
1994:)
1990:(
1980:)
1976:(
977:(
958:e
951:t
944:v
410:e
403:t
396:v
326:.
290::
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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