315:, with one virus in the family having a bat reservoir. Contact with an infected rodent host, its urine or fecal matter, inhalation of dust with virus particles, or eating food containing remnants of the virus can result in human infection. Transmission can also occur via human-to-human contact, as evidenced by the 5 cases from 2008, but it is still not completely clear how the first case was contracted. Both bats and rodents should be considered possible contact points, just to be safe. Though it is not known for sure, it is speculated that the human-to-human transmission occurs from contact with bodily fluids. The incubation period is expected to be 7–13 days.
35:
235:
then went into respiratory distress, displayed neurological problems, and had circulatory issues that resulted in collapse. The discovery of this novel virus was described following a highly fatal nosocomial (hospital) outbreak of VHF in
Johannesburg. The identification of this virus was the first new arenavirus discovered in over 40 years.
267:(CDC) identified the etiological agent of the outbreak as an Old World arenavirus using molecular and serological tests. Sequencing and phylogenetic investigation of partial genome sequencing indicated that this virus was not Lassavirus and likely a previously unreported arenavirus. This was corroborated by
332:
In-depth research into Lujo virus and its treatment have been difficult because of the lack of economic and cultural stability of the regions where the only known cases have occurred. Under
Treatment with oral ribavirin treatment, the patient 5 continued to deteriorate but the treatment shifted to
323:
VHF symptoms appear similar to other viruses of the same family, such as Lassa fever. The known symptoms include swelling in the neck and face, sore throat, diarrhea, and a rash resembling measles on the face and body. Blood tests of those infected revealed elevated liver values, white blood cell
234:
Only 5 cases of this virus have ever been reported; all 5 were identified in
September and October 2008, and 4 were fatal. Those infections that proved fatal caused death within 10–13 days of showing symptoms. All four patients in which infection proved fatal first showed signs of improvement and
196:(VHF) in humans. Its name was suggested by the Special Pathogens Unit of the National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service (NICD-NHLS) by using the first two letters of the names of the cities involved in the 2008 outbreak of the disease,
243:
that nursed the patient on the flight to South Africa also fell ill and was also brought to
Johannesburg for medical treatment. At this time the connection between these two patients was recognized by the attending
238:
The first case was a female travel agent who lived in the outskirts of Lusaka. She developed a fever which grew worse with time. She was evacuated to
Johannesburg for medical treatment. Almost two weeks later, the
337:
on day 8 it seemed to have cured the only surviving patient with Lujo Virus, but because the 5 affected in 2008 have been the only cases identified, there has not been much opportunity for further research.
370:
This virus has been associated with an outbreak of five cases of VHF in
September and October 2008. In four cases (80% of total known infections) the infection was fatal. The fifth case was treated with
248:
in the
Johannesburg hospital. Together with the NICD-NHLS the clinical syndrome of VHF was recognized and specimens from the second patient were submitted for laboratory confirmation. In addition, a
557:
1848:
789:
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700:
Sewlall, Nivesh H.; Richards, Guy; Duse, Adriano; Swanepoel, Robert; Paweska, Janusz; Blumberg, Lucille; Dinh, Thu Ha; Bausch, Daniel (2014-01-01).
870:
582:
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that had contact with the first patient also fell ill. A second nurse was infected through contact with the paramedic. The outbreak had a high
782:
613:
Briese, T.; Paweska, J.; McMullan, L.; Hutchison, S.; Street, C.; Palacios, G.; Khristova, M.; Weyer, J.; Swanepoel, R.; et al. (2009).
1107:
1222:
383:, and survived; however, complete ribavirin's effectiveness against Lujo virus remains unknown but may be useful as adjunctive therapy.
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982:
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775:
287:
The distribution of this newly described arenavirus is uncertain. To date this virus has only been reported from a patient from
354:
arenavirus group. Comparisons with other viral genome sequences showed that this virus is equidistant from other Old World and
1384:
1641:
1281:
880:
615:"Genetic characterization and detection of Lujo virus, a new hemorrhagic fever-associated arenavirus from Southern Africa"
34:
1932:
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The
Special Pathogens Unit of the NICD-NHLS together with colleagues from the Special Pathogens Unit of the U.S.
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Scientists have identified a lethal new virus in Africa that causes bleeding like the dreaded Ebola virus.
558:"Discovery of new arenavirus associated with hemorrhagic fever – first identified in nearly four decades"
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early after onset of clinical disease (was detected through active contact tracing), an
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arenaviruses. It is distantly similar to the other pathogenic
African arenavirus,
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counts that were first low and then elevated over time, and low platelet counts.
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702:"Clinical features and patient management of Lujo hemorrhagic fever"
460:"Nosocomial outbreak of novel arenavirus infection: Southern Africa"
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family, to which Lujo virus belongs, almost always have a rodent
1061:
583:"Deadly Bleeding Virus, Previously Unknown, Identified in Study"
429:
271:
that was conducted by the NICD-NHLS, CDC and collaborators from
2045:
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1689:
516:
Sewlall, Nivesh H; Paweska, Janusz T (7 December 2017).
204:(Republic of South Africa). It is the second pathogenic
409:
International
Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)
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2011:
1979:
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676:"Lujo Hemorrhagic Fever (LUHF) Signs and Symptoms"
260:with 4 of 5 identified cases resulting in death.
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1234:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
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265:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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350:has shown that this virus belongs to the
392:
218:—and since 2012 has been classed as a "
1605:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
430:"Lujo Hemorrhagic Fever (LUHF) | CDC"
7:
670:
668:
1108:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
14:
458:Paweska, J.; et al. (2009).
1098:Western equine encephalomyelitis
1088:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
706:PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases
33:
1223:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
379:which is effective in treating
1385:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
522:Virus Adaptation and Treatment
518:"Lujo virus: current concepts"
1:
1642:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
881:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
1536:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
719:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003233
632:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000455
1558:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
1546:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
2190:
1570:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
1450:Sandfly fever Naples virus
214:continent—the first being
1238:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
210:to be described from the
171:Lusaka/Johannesburg virus
160:
153:
28:
21:
1854:SARS-related coronavirus
1817:Henipavirus encephalitis
1675:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
1520:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1301:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1273:Arbovirus encephalitides
1249:Arbovirus encephalitides
1219:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
1184:Banna virus encephalitis
1084:Arbovirus encephalitides
1029:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
995:Saint Louis encephalitis
962:Arbovirus encephalitides
913:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
847:Arbovirus encephalitides
346:Sequencing of the viral
186:—a member of the family
2174:Rodent-carried diseases
1958:Yaba monkey tumor virus
1315:Kyasanur Forest disease
1277:Tick-borne encephalitis
978:Australian encephalitis
871:California encephalitis
194:viral hemorrhagic fever
1305:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
886:La Crosse encephalitis
478:10.3201/eid1510.090211
269:full genome sequencing
192:—and a known cause of
1738:Marburg virus disease
1289:Powassan encephalitis
966:Japanese encephalitis
1164:Semliki Forest virus
535:10.2147/VAAT.S113593
30:Virus classification
2086:Lujo mammarenavirus
2056:Lujo mammarenavirus
1711:Ebola virus disease
1375:Colorado tick fever
1130:O'nyong'nyong fever
589:. 13 September 2009
273:Columbia University
146:Lujo mammarenavirus
23:Lujo mammarenavirus
2164:Hemorrhagic fevers
1923:Simian foamy virus
258:case fatality rate
2169:Tropical diseases
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472:(10): 1598–1602.
307:Viruses from the
291:and a subsequent
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1438:Pappataci fever
1431:Oropouche virus
1426:Oropouche fever
1400:
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1229:Heartland virus
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1140:Pogosta disease
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1015:West Nile fever
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625:(5): e1000455.
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1443:Toscana virus
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1355:Bourbon virus
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1145:Sindbis virus
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73:Orthornavirae
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36:
31:
27:
24:
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2154:Arenaviridae
2055:
2012:
2003:Mokola virus
1980:
1942:
1914:Retroviridae
1912:
1900:
1890:
1838:
1806:
1759:
1700:
1673:
1663:
1596:Bunyavirales
1594:
1579:
1511:Arenaviridae
1509:
1459:
1411:Bunyavirales
1409:
1364:
1344:
1330:Langat virus
1264:Flaviviridae
1262:
1253:Bhanja virus
1210:Bunyavirales
1208:
1173:
1073:
1045:Yellow fever
1033:Dengue fever
953:Flaviviridae
951:
896:Tahyna virus
861:Bwamba Fever
838:Bunyavirales
836:
709:
705:
695:
684:. Retrieved
679:
622:
618:
591:. Retrieved
586:
577:
566:. Retrieved
564:. 2009-06-02
561:
552:
528:(9): 41–47.
525:
521:
469:
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437:. Retrieved
433:
424:
412:. Retrieved
408:
403:Arenaviridae
402:
395:
369:
345:
334:
331:
322:
309:Arenaviridae
306:
303:Transmission
297:South Africa
295:outbreak in
286:
283:Distribution
262:
237:
233:
220:Select Agent
205:
202:Johannesburg
189:Arenaviridae
187:
179:
178:
163:
145:
144:
132:
121:Arenaviridae
120:
109:Bunyavirales
108:
96:
84:
72:
60:
53:
43:(unranked):
22:
2108:iNaturalist
2080:Wikispecies
1702:Filoviridae
1524:Lassa fever
1420:Adria virus
1118:Chikungunya
1075:Togaviridae
1005:Usutu virus
927:Ngari virus
851:Batai virus
680:www.cdc.gov
434:www.cdc.gov
381:Lassa fever
360:Lassa fever
216:Lassa virus
2143:Categories
2014:Poxviridae
1944:Poxviridae
1864:SARS-CoV-2
1366:Reoviridae
1244:Tete virus
1175:Reoviridae
1057:Zika fever
906:Tete virus
804:(A80–B34,
686:2016-11-10
568:2016-11-10
439:2016-11-10
387:References
293:nosocomial
207:Arenavirus
168:LuJo virus
164:Lujo virus
2023:Monkeypox
815:Arthropod
728:1935-2735
641:1553-7374
593:9 January
587:Bloomberg
414:9 January
373:ribavirin
356:New World
352:Old World
328:Treatment
313:reservoir
246:physician
241:paramedic
184:RNA virus
140:Species:
68:Kingdom:
61:Riboviria
2159:Zoonoses
2071:Q1876828
2065:Wikidata
1971:Multiple
1859:SARS-CoV
1849:MERS-CoV
1038:DENV-1-4
826:Mosquito
799:Zoonotic
746:25393244
659:19478873
544:73648784
496:19861052
366:Clinical
319:Symptoms
277:New York
224:U.S. law
222:" under
155:Synonyms
116:Family:
80:Phylum:
2113:1118697
1973:vectors
1953:Tanapox
1902:B virus
1880:Primate
1399:Sandfly
1225:(CCHFV)
806:042–079
737:4230886
650:2680969
487:2866397
362:virus.
250:cleaner
230:History
212:African
128:Genus:
104:Order:
92:Class:
2126:649188
1991:Rabies
1933:HTLV-2
1928:HTLV-1
1882:-borne
1770:Rabies
1692:-borne
1501:-borne
1499:Rodent
1490:-borne
1488:Mammal
1422:(ADRV)
1401:-borne
1200:-borne
828:-borne
817:-borne
744:
734:
726:
657:
647:
639:
542:
494:
484:
348:genome
289:Zambia
252:and a
198:Lusaka
2100:3WDTD
1731:ZEBOV
1635:THAIV
1123:CHIKV
682:. CDC
540:S2CID
254:nurse
54:Realm
47:Virus
2121:NCBI
1996:RABV
1797:CHPV
1785:DUVV
1780:MOKV
1775:ABLV
1748:RAVV
1743:MARV
1726:TAFV
1721:SUDV
1716:BDBV
1647:ANDV
1630:AMRV
1625:SEOV
1620:PUUV
1615:HTNV
1610:DOBV
1585:CHPV
1580:LUJV
1574:MACV
1563:SABV
1551:JUNV
1540:GTOV
1529:LASV
1379:CTFV
1334:LGTV
1323:AHFV
1319:KFDV
1309:OHFV
1294:POWV
1282:TBEV
1198:Tick
1134:ONNV
1112:VEEV
1102:WEEV
1092:EEEV
1062:ZIKV
1009:USUV
999:SLEV
988:KUNV
983:MVEV
941:RVFV
931:NRIV
921:BUNV
900:TAHV
890:LACV
865:BWAV
855:BATV
742:PMID
724:ISSN
655:PMID
637:ISSN
595:2023
526:2017
492:PMID
416:2023
180:Lujo
2095:CoL
1827:NiV
1822:HeV
1790:LBV
1690:Bat
1652:SNV
1157:RRV
1050:YFV
1020:WNV
971:JEV
875:CEV
732:PMC
714:doi
645:PMC
627:doi
530:doi
482:PMC
474:doi
335:i.v
275:in
2145::
2123::
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667:^
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621:.
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603:^
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504:^
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470:15
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448:^
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279:.
226:.
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1236:(
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791:e
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777:v
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716::
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689:.
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629::
623:5
597:.
571:.
546:.
532::
498:.
476::
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405:"
401:"
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