20:
185:
implantation. At the end of the luteal phase, progesterone levels fall and the corpus luteum atrophies. The drop in progesterone leads to endometrial ischemia which will subsequently shed in the beginning of the next cycle at the start of menses. This last stage in the luteal or secretory phase may be called the
146:
that occurs during ovulation triggers the release of the oocyte and its cumulus oophorus from the ovary and into the fallopian tube and triggers the oocyte to divide and enter metaphase of meiosis II (46 or 2n chromosome) and extrude its first polar body. The oocyte will only continue through meiosis
171:
takes over this function. In the absence of fertilization, hCG is not produced and the corpus luteum will atrophy in 10–12 days (Luteolysis or luteal regression). The death of the corpus luteum results in falling levels of progesterone and estrogen. The drop in ovarian hormones releases negative
184:
After ovulation and during the luteal phase, the uterine endometrium is in the secretory phase which is characterized by the production of progesterone from the growing corpus luteum. Progesterone inhibits endometrial proliferation, and preserves uterine tissue in preparation for fertilized egg
180:
During the follicular phase in the menstrual cycle, the uterine endometrium is in the proliferative phase which is characterized by an increase in circulating estrogen produced by the developing follicle. Increased estradiol alters the endometrial lining and promotes proliferation of epithelial
158:
The hormones released by the corpus luteum suppress production of the FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary gland. The corpus luteum relies on LH activation on its receptors in order to survive. The loss of the corpus luteum can be prevented by implantation of an
513:
47:(day 14–28). Unlike the follicular phase which can vary in length among individuals, the luteal phase is typically fixed at approximately 14 days (i.e. days 14–28) and is characterized by changes to hormone levels, such as an increase in
79:. In the absence of fertilization by sperm, the corpus luteum degenerates leading to a decrease in progesterone and estrogen, an increase in FSH and LH, and shedding of the endometrial lining (menses) to begin the menstrual cycle again.
181:
cells, thickening of the tissue, and elongation of the spiral arteries that provide nutrients to the growing tissue. Estrogen also makes the endometrium more sensitive to progesterone in preparation for the luteal phase.
138:
and supportive of early pregnancy. High levels of progesterone inhibit the follicular growth. The increase in estrogen and progesterone also lead to increased basal body temperature during the luteal phase.
167:(hCG), which is structurally similar to LH and can preserve the corpus luteum. If implantation occurs, the corpus luteum will continue to produce progesterone for eight to twelve weeks, after which the
289:
Zhang, Simeng; Osumi, Haruka; Uchizawa, Akiko; Hamada, Haruka; Park, Insung; Suzuki, Yoko; Tanaka, Yoshiaki; Ishihara, Asuka; Yajima, Katsuhiko; Seol, Jaehoon; Satoh, Makoto (2020-01-24).
557:
147:
and extrude its second polar body once it is fertilized. Ovulation occurs ~35 hours after the beginning of the LH surge or ~10 hours following the LH surge. Several days after
1218:
928:
172:
feedback on LH and FSH, thereby increasing LH and FSH concentrations and leading to shedding of the endometrium and another round of ovarian follicle selection.
115:. It continues to grow during the luteal phase after ovulation and produces significant amounts of hormones, particularly progesterone, and, to a lesser extent,
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Reed, Beverly G.; Carr, Bruce R. (2000), Feingold, Kenneth R.; Anawalt, Bradley; Boyce, Alison; Chrousos, George (eds.),
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151:, the increasing amount of estrogen produced by the corpus luteum may cause one or two days of fertile
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The latter part of the menstrual cycle associated with ovulation and an increase in progesterone
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624:
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28:
155:, lower basal body temperatures, or both. This is known as a "secondary estrogen surge".
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Changes in the level of progesterone during this phase may cause typical symptoms of
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291:"Changes in sleeping energy metabolism and thermoregulation during menstrual cycle"
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40:
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688:
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160:
135:
92:
1051:
644:
18:
107:(LH) are released and cause the remaining parts of the dominant
1055:
539:
890:
399:"Time of Implantation of the Conceptus and Loss of Pregnancy"
259:"The Normal Menstrual Cycle and the Control of Ovulation"
481:
Holesh, Julie E.; Bass, Autumn N.; Lord, Megan (2021),
1437:
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123:. Progesterone plays a vital role in making the
31:is on average 28 days in length. It begins with
489:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1219:Extended cycle combined hormonal contraceptive
75:of the fertilized egg, and development of the
1067:
551:
8:
163:: after implantation, human embryos produce
1145:
1074:
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1052:
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544:
536:
265:, South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.,
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452:. D. F. Hawkins. Shaftesbury: Element.
242:
929:Hypothalamic–pituitary–prolactin axis
252:
250:
248:
246:
7:
393:Wilcox, Allen J.; Baird, Donna Day;
189:and lasts just for one or two days.
924:Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
14:
1366:Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
403:New England Journal of Medicine
364:10.1080/03612759.2002.10526169
1:
1528:Human female endocrine system
352:History: Reviews of New Books
43:(day 14) and ending with the
1387:Menstrual hygiene management
1338:Premenstrual water retention
1312:Polymenorrhea (epimenorrhea)
1277:Menorrhagia (hypermenorrhea)
165:human chorionic gonadotropin
101:follicle-stimulating hormone
61:follicle-stimulating hormone
449:Your pregnancy week by week
416:10.1056/NEJM199906103402304
97:anterior pituitary hormones
1546:
914:Reproductive endocrinology
1282:Metropathia haemorrhagica
1192:Billings Ovulation Method
982:Human reproductive system
446:Curtis, Glade B. (1999).
1497:Sustainable menstruation
1477:Menstruation celebration
226:Changes in sexual desire
39:(day 1–14), followed by
1439:In culture and religion
483:"Physiology, Ovulation"
1267:Irregular menstruation
1224:Lactational amenorrhea
1187:Calendar-based methods
1156:Basal body temperature
1004:Diseases and disorders
813:Sexual differentiation
514:"26.6B: Ovarian Cycle"
346:Kelly, Thomas (2002).
199:pre-menstrual syndrome
111:to transform into the
24:
1467:Menstrual suppression
1429:Menstrual Hygiene Day
1361:Premenstrual syndrome
1036:Premature ejaculation
1031:Hard flaccid syndrome
701:Human sexual activity
295:Physiological Reports
67:(LH), changes to the
35:(day 1–7) during the
22:
1026:Erectile dysfunction
395:Weinberg, Clarice R.
55:levels, decrease in
1402:Cloth menstrual pad
1371:Menstrual psychosis
1333:Menstrual synchrony
1182:Fertility awareness
805:reproductive system
793:Vaginal lubrication
571:sexual reproduction
518:Medicine LibreTexts
307:10.14814/phy2.14353
105:luteinizing hormone
91:and release of the
65:luteinizing hormone
803:Development of the
714:Sexual intercourse
232:Emotional stresses
69:endometrial lining
25:
1510:
1509:
1205:
1204:
1090:Events and phases
1049:
1048:
818:Sexual dimorphism
783:Postpartum period
409:(23): 1796–1799.
1535:
1482:Menstruation hut
1462:Menstrual stigma
1422:Period underwear
1392:Feminine hygiene
1328:Folliculogenesis
1272:Menometrorrhagia
1146:
1102:Follicular phase
1076:
1069:
1062:
1053:
788:Mechanics of sex
597:Follicular phase
567:Human physiology
560:
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223:Trouble sleeping
201:(PMS), such as:
37:follicular phase
1545:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1523:Menstrual cycle
1513:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1472:Menstrual taboo
1457:Menstrual leave
1433:
1375:
1347:
1343:Sexual activity
1316:
1307:Polymenorrhagia
1292:Oligoamenorrhea
1252:Cryptomenorrhea
1228:
1201:
1197:Creighton Model
1170:
1137:
1116:
1085:
1083:Menstrual cycle
1080:
1050:
1045:
999:
976:
943:
916:and infertility
915:
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797:
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625:Spermatogenesis
611:
579:Menstrual cycle
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288:
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85:
83:Hormonal events
29:menstrual cycle
23:Menstrual cycle
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1321:Related events
1318:
1317:
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1314:
1309:
1304:
1302:Oligoovulation
1299:
1297:Oligomenorrhea
1294:
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1161:Cervical mucus
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709:Sexual arousal
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630:spermatogonium
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520:. 24 July 2018
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397:(1999-06-10).
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217:Tender breasts
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187:ischemic phase
177:
176:Uterine events
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153:cervical mucus
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6:
4:
3:
2:
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1417:Menstrual pad
1415:
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1412:Menstrual cup
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1397:Menstrual pad
1395:
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1390:
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1384:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1369:
1367:
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1359:
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1353:Mental health
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1268:
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1262:Hypomenorrhea
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1235:
1231:
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1173:
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1166:Mittelschmerz
1164:
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1134:
1131:
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1022:
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987:
985:
983:
979:
973:
972:Breastfeeding
970:
968:
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946:
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935:
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769:
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764:Fertilization
762:
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623:
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617:Gametogenesis
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459:1-86204-396-5
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301:(2): e14353.
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113:corpus luteum
110:
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77:corpus luteum
74:
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66:
62:
58:
57:gonadotropins
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
1287:Metrorrhagia
1257:Dysmenorrhea
1112:Luteal phase
1111:
1097:Menstruation
876:Paternal age
872:Maternal age
845:Tanner scale
828:Virilization
823:Feminization
773:Implantation
759:Insemination
743:Ejaculation
719:Masturbation
635:spermatocyte
607:Luteal phase
606:
592:Menstruation
524:14 September
522:. Retrieved
517:
508:
498:, retrieved
486:
476:
448:
441:
406:
402:
388:
355:
351:
341:
298:
294:
284:
274:, retrieved
262:
214:Irritability
196:
186:
183:
179:
157:
141:
132:implantation
86:
73:implantation
49:progesterone
45:luteal phase
44:
26:
1247:Anovulation
1211:Suppression
1121:Life stages
1021:Dyspareunia
1016:Dysorgasmia
962:Development
220:Weight gain
211:Mood swings
125:endometrium
71:to promote
1517:Categories
1502:Tampon tax
1242:Amenorrhea
1041:Vaginismus
1011:Anorgasmia
865:Adrenarche
860:Spermarche
840:Gonadarche
500:2021-09-20
487:StatPearls
358:(3): 126.
348:"Plutarch"
276:2021-09-20
237:References
103:(FSH) and
63:(FSH) and
1447:Chhaupadi
1234:Disorders
1133:Menopause
1107:Ovulation
967:Lactation
957:Thelarche
934:Andrology
881:Menopause
778:Pregnancy
768:Fertility
723:Erection
679:Germ cell
652:Oogenesis
640:spermatid
602:Ovulation
425:0028-4793
380:216557803
372:0361-2759
315:2051-817X
208:Headaches
149:ovulation
128:receptive
89:ovulation
41:ovulation
1452:In Islam
1142:Tracking
1128:Menarche
904:Vivipary
874: /
855:Menarche
850:Pubarche
732:Clitoral
684:gonocyte
657:oogonium
587:Menarche
495:28723025
468:43541212
433:10362823
333:31981319
271:25905282
263:Endotext
229:Bloating
193:Symptoms
169:placenta
144:LH surge
117:estrogen
109:follicle
59:such as
53:estrogen
1380:Hygiene
1175:Systems
939:Hormone
835:Puberty
324:6981303
205:Anxiety
134:of the
121:inhibin
1487:Niddah
1407:Tampon
995:Female
949:Breast
752:Female
739:Orgasm
727:Penile
689:gamete
662:oocyte
493:
466:
456:
431:
423:
378:
370:
331:
321:
313:
269:
161:embryo
136:embryo
95:, the
93:oocyte
87:After
33:menses
1149:Signs
667:ootid
645:sperm
376:S2CID
990:Male
899:Ovum
747:Male
672:ovum
526:2022
491:PMID
464:OCLC
454:ISBN
429:PMID
421:ISSN
368:ISSN
329:PMID
311:ISSN
267:PMID
142:The
119:and
51:and
27:The
891:Egg
569:of
411:doi
407:340
360:doi
319:PMC
303:doi
130:to
1519::
766:/
516:.
485:,
462:.
427:.
419:.
405:.
401:.
374:.
366:.
356:30
354:.
350:.
327:.
317:.
309:.
297:.
293:.
261:,
245:^
1075:e
1068:t
1061:v
559:e
552:t
545:v
528:.
470:.
435:.
413::
382:.
362::
335:.
305::
299:8
99:–
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