1255:
22 months of observations made between 25 July 2014 and 23 May 2016. It includes positions, parallaxes, and proper motions for about 1.3 billion stars and positions of an additional 300 million stars, red and blue photometric data for about 1.1 billion stars and single colour photometry for an additional 400 million stars, and median radial velocities for about 7 million stars between magnitude 4 and 13. It also contains data for over 14,000 selected Solar System objects. The first part of the third data release, EDR3 (Early Data
Release 3) was released on 3 December 2020. It is based on 34 months of observations and consists of improved positions, parallaxes, and proper motions of over 1.8 billion objects The full DR3, published in June 2022, includes the EDR3 data plus Solar System data; variability information; results for non-single stars, for quasars, and for extended objects; astrophysical parameters; and a special data set, the Gaia Andromeda Photometric Survey (GAPS). The final Gaia catalogue is expected to be released three years after the end of the Gaia mission.
1434:
parallaxes. It gives the co-ordinates in 1900 epoch, the secular variation, the proper motion, the weighted average absolute parallax and its standard error, the number of parallax observations, quality of interagreement of the different values, the visual magnitude, and various cross-identifications with other catalogues. Auxiliary information, including UBV photometry, MK spectral types, data on the variability and binary nature of the stars, orbits when available, and miscellaneous information to aid in determining the reliability of the data are also listed.
1722:(the successor to USNO-A), NOMAD, UCAC and others in production or narrowly released. Some users may see specialized catalogues (more recent versions of the above), tailored catalogues, interferometrically-produced catalogues, dynamic catalogues, and those with updated positions, motions, colors, and improved errors. Catalogue data is continually collected at the Naval Observatory dark-sky facility,
33:
3574:
3550:
3586:
3562:
72:, many stars are referred to simply by catalogue numbers. There are a great many different star catalogues which have been produced for different purposes over the years, and this article covers only some of the more frequently quoted ones. Star catalogues were compiled by many different ancient people, including the
1254:
data for those objects in both catalogues, light curves, and characteristics for about 3000 variable stars, and positions and magnitudes for more than 2000 extragalactic sources used to define the celestial reference frame. The second data release (DR2), which occurred on 25 April 2018, is based on
998:
programme designed to photograph and measure the positions of all stars brighter than magnitude 11.0. In total, over 4.6 million stars were observed, many as faint as 13th magnitude. This project was started in the late 19th century. The observations were made between 1891 and 1950. To observe the
834:
and so it describes mostly northern stars. This catalogue contained the positions and magnitudes of 47,390 stars, out to magnitude 9, and was the most complete catalogue up to that time. A significant reworking of this catalogue by followers of
Lalande in 1846 added reference numbers to the stars
1412:
Although this version of the catalogue was termed "preliminary", it is still the current one as of March 2006, and is referred to as CNS3. It lists a total of 3,803 stars. Most of these stars already had GJ numbers, but there were also 1,388 which were not numbered. The need to give these 1,388
371:
provide references to various events in terms of the planetary positions and constellations of that time. The
Planetary positions at the time of Mahabharata war has been given comprehensively. A very interesting and exhaustive discussion about the planetary positions along with specific name of
1159:
program. The first version of the catalogue was produced in the late 1980s by digitizing photographic plates and contained about 20 million stars, out to about magnitude 15. The latest version of this catalogue contains information for 945,592,683 stars, out to magnitude 21. The latest version
918:
information, but as the
Durchmusterungs cover more stars they occasionally fall back on the older designations when dealing with one not found in Draper. Unfortunately, a lot of catalogues cross-reference the Durchmusterungs without specifying which one is used in the zones of overlap, so some
1433:
The
General Catalogue of Trigonometric Parallaxes, first published in 1952 and later superseded by the New GCTP (now in its fourth edition), covers nearly 9,000 stars. Unlike the Gliese, it does not cut off at a given distance from the Sun; rather it attempts to catalogue all known measured
1717:
Stars evolve and move over time, making catalogues evolving, impermanent databases at even the most rigorous levels of production. The USNO catalogues are the most current and widely used astrometric catalogues available at present, and include USNO products such as
766:. Bayer extended his lists up to 67 stars by using lower-case Roman letters ("a" through "z") then upper-case ones ("A" through "Q"). Few of those designations have survived. It is worth mentioning, however, as it served as the starting point for
1241:
Gaia DR1, the first data release based on 14 months of observations made through
September 2015, took place on 13 September 2016. The data release includes positions and magnitudes in a single photometric band for 1.1 billion stars using only
1230:
space telescope. They are released in stages that contain increasing amounts of information; the early releases also miss some stars, especially fainter stars located in dense star fields. Data from every data release can be accessed at the
1073:
catalogues, and contains only the stars to about ninth magnitude for which accurate proper motions were known. There is considerable overlap with the Henry Draper catalogue, but any star lacking motion data at that time is omitted. The
999:
entire celestial sphere without burdening too many institutions, the sky was divided among 20 observatories, by declination zones. Each observatory exposed and measured the plates of its zone, using a standardized telescope (a "normal
1109:), that presents positions, proper motions, magnitudes in various optical passbands, and star/galaxy estimators for 1,042,618,261 objects derived from 3,643,201,733 separate observations. The data was obtained from scans of 7,435
980:. Stars in the range 225301â359083 are from the 1949 extension of the catalogue. The notation HDE can be used for stars in this extension, but they are usually denoted HD as the numbering ensures that there can be no ambiguity.
1393:
The range 1000â1294 represents nearby stars, while 2001â2159 represents suspected nearby stars. In the literature, the GJ numbers are sometimes retroactively extended to the Gl numbers (since there is no overlap). For example,
934:
of the star (rounded towards zero, and thus ranging from +00 to +89 and â00 to â89), followed by an arbitrary number as there are always thousands of stars at each angle. Examples include BD+50°1725 or CDâ45°13677.
1206:, which was operational from 1989 to 1993. The catalogue was published in June 1997 and contains 118,218 stars; an updated version with re-processed data was published in 2007. It is particularly notable for its
2622:
1351:
The integers up to 915 represent systems which were in the first edition. Numbers with a decimal point were used to insert new star systems for the second edition without destroying the desired order (by
799:
Bayer and
Flamsteed covered only a few thousand stars between them. In theory, full-sky catalogues try to list every star in the sky. There are, however, billions of stars resolvable by 21st century
835:
that are used to refer to some of these stars to this day. The decent accuracy of this catalogue kept it in common use as a reference by observatories around the world throughout the 19th century.
949:
The Henry Draper
Catalogue was published in the period 1918â1924. It covers the whole sky down to about ninth or tenth magnitude, and is notable as the first large-scale attempt to catalogue
1113:
plates taken for the various sky surveys during the last 50 years. USNO-B1.0 is believed to provide all-sky coverage, completeness down to V = 21, 0.2 arcsecond astrometric accuracy at
1421:
numbers, for "no name"), and data files of this catalogue now usually include these numbers. An example of a star which is often referred to by one of these unofficial GJ numbers is
1086:
of the stars, so it is often used when that fact is of importance. The cross-references with the Draper and
Durchmusterung catalogue numbers in the latest edition are also useful.
783:(1725). It kept the genitive-of-the-constellation rule for the back end of his catalogue names, but used numbers instead of the Greek alphabet for the front half. Examples include
544:(145â86 BC) and contains the "schools" of Shi Shen and Gan De's work (i.e. the different constellations they allegedly focused on for astrological purposes). Sima's catalogueâthe
262:
and beyond. It contained descriptions of the positions of the stars and the shapes of the constellations, and provided information on their relative times of rising and setting.
2674:
972:
HD numbers are widely used today for stars which have no Bayer or
Flamsteed designation. Stars numbered 1â225300 are from the original catalogue and are numbered in order of
3382:
1060:
637:
2298:
1723:
1180:
catalogue but with many more stars. The PPM was built from BD, SAO, HD, and more, with sophisticated algorithm and is an extension for the Fifth Fundamental Catalogue, "
1134:
1106:
1036:. The list was revised in 1983 with the publication of a supplement that listed additional stars down to magnitude 7.1. The catalogue detailed each star's coordinates,
2612:
2876:
2846:
2786:
1089:
Names in the SAO catalogue start with the letters SAO, followed by a number. The numbers are assigned following 18 ten-degree bands in the sky, with stars sorted by
3357:
1677:
is designated "Struve 2758" or "STF 2758". Stars of his catalogue are sometimes indicated by the Greek letter sigma, ÎŁ. Thus, 61 Cygni is also designated as ÎŁ2758.
1051:
The last printed version of the Bright Star Catalogue was the 4th revised edition, released in 1982. The 5th edition is in electronic form and is available online.
603:
3172:
2507:
2069:
1508:, "Katalog von 1053 stÀrker bewegten Fixsternen", Veröff. d. Badischen Sternwarte zu Heidelberg (Königstuhl), Bd. 7, No. 10, 1919; and numerous lists in
1117:, 0.3 magnitude photometric accuracy in up to five colors, and 85% accuracy for distinguishing stars from non-stellar objects. USNO-B is now followed by
3611:
1155:
is an online catalogue of stars produced for the purpose of accurately positioning and identifying stars satisfactory for use as guide stars by the
1584:
A catalogue of 7127 stars in the Northern Hemisphere with proper motions exceeding 0".2 annually``, Minneapolis, 1961; also supplements 1961â1962. (
534:) in the night sky, not just those around the ecliptic. A star catalogue is featured in one of the chapters of the late 2nd-century-BC history work
224:(626â539 BC), are direct textual descendants of the "Three Stars Each" lists and their constellation patterns show similarities to those of later
2590:
2734:
1480:
1333:
1268:
557:
3243:
3129:
3073:
1066:
2324:
336:. Ptolemy's catalogue was based almost entirely on an earlier one by Hipparchus. It remained the standard star catalogue in the Western and
2357:
2272:
1689:
is a compilation of previously published photometric data. Published in 1998, the catalogue includes 63,316 stars surveyed through 1996.
1263:
Specialized catalogues make no effort to list all the stars in the sky, working instead to highlight a particular type of star, such as
1652:
Lowell proper motion survey Northern Hemisphere. The G numbered stars. 8991 stars fainter than magnitude 8 with motions > 0".26/year
3001:
2670:
1667:
1663:
2226:
3410:
3343:
3318:
3289:
3264:
3218:
3154:
3048:
2812:
2488:
3616:
2294:
1311:
826:
816:
803:, so this is an impossible goal; with this kind of catalog, an attempt is generally made to get every star brighter than a given
762:(24). It was easy to run out of letters before running out of stars needing names, particularly for large constellations such as
2880:
2850:
3005:
2361:
2328:
1960:
1743:
1731:
1727:
1181:
96:
for illustration. Most modern catalogues are available in electronic format and can be freely downloaded from space agencies'
3442:
2000:
536:
2790:
2031:
2554:
893:(SD), which covers stars between declinations â1 and â23 degrees (1886, 120,000 stars). It was further supplemented by the
2704:
779:
150:"the star that cannot perish" and, although they made no known formal star catalogues, they nonetheless created extensive
3540:
2760:
2434:
3146:
1371:
871:
3040:
1445:
958:
304:
3087:
2648:
2528:
1580:
Luyten's Two Tenths. A catalogue of 9867 stars in the Southern Hemisphere with proper motions exceeding 0".2 annually
2504:
530:(202 BC â 220 AD) that astronomers started to observe and record names for all the stars that were apparent (to the
3621:
3335:
3281:
767:
492:
166:
1702:
724:
Two systems introduced in historical catalogues remain in use to the present day. The first system comes from the
3310:
1510:
830:
in 1801, which contained an extensive star catalog, among other things. The observations made were made from the
679:
2464:
922:
Star names from these catalogues include the initials of which of the four catalogues they are from (though the
2054:
1496:
962:
269:
3117:
2816:
1441:
292:
37:
1451:
914:
Astronomers preferentially use the HD designation (see next entry) of a star, as that catalogue also gives
1455:
1161:
1156:
1102:
1041:
1004:
944:
895:
695:
323:
1753:
1459:
1246:
data, positions, parallaxes, and proper motions for more than 2 million stars based on a combination of
1197:
1176:(1991) is one of the best, both in the proper motion and star position till 1999. Not as precise as the
1016:
851:
719:
649:
569:
512:
496:
468:
225:
221:
900:
3472:
3366:
3235:
3181:
2948:
2911:
2580:
1897:
1210:
measurements, which are considerably more accurate than those produced by ground-based observations.
821:
613:
472:
170:
61:
2726:
1336:). Later editions expanded the coverage to 25 parsecs (82 ly). Numbers in the range 1.0â915.0 (
3606:
1888:
Marchant, Jo (18 October 2022). "First known map of night sky found hidden in Medieval parchment".
1518:
1279:
1193:
654:
259:
193:
706:
also contains symbols for different constellations which were represented by mythological beings.
437:
258:
between 275 and 250 BC as a didactic poem, became one of the most consulted astronomical texts in
3590:
3578:
3490:
2972:
2938:
2585:
2332:
1921:
1356:). This catalogue is referred to as CNS2, although this name is never used in catalogue numbers.
1173:
1146:
1029:
804:
663:
593:
553:
131:
110:
3355:
Rogers, J.H. (1998). "Origins of the ancient constellations: II. The Mediterranean traditions".
2365:
2260:
1321:
911:(450,000 stars, 1896), compiled at the Cape, South Africa, covers declinations â18 to â90.
770:, which start with "R" through "Z", then "RR", "RS", "RT"..."RZ", "SS", "ST"..."ZZ" and beyond.
348:
in 1437, but it was not fully superseded until the appearance of the thousand-star catalogue of
3513:
1604:
New Luyten Catalogue of stars with proper motions larger than two tenths of an arcsecond (NLTT)
3438:
3406:
3402:
3339:
3314:
3285:
3260:
3239:
3214:
3150:
3125:
3121:
3108:
3069:
3065:
3044:
2964:
2403:
1913:
1487:
1476:
1251:
1225:
1122:
1075:
977:
954:
879:
831:
715:
699:
589:
508:
442:
391:
385:
241:
205:
102:
49:
3554:
3480:
3448:
3428:
3189:
3185:
3092:
2956:
1905:
1635:
1207:
1101:
USNO-B1.0 is an all-sky catalogue created by research and operations astrophysicists at the
875:
788:
675:
608:
549:
484:
480:
448:
360:
147:
81:
17:
3508:
3009:
1705:, is a catalogue of 3539 zodiacal stars brighter than 9th magnitude. It is mainly used for
2511:
2492:
2416:
2218:
1353:
1329:
1219:
1130:
1090:
1023:
973:
633:
266:
197:
85:
45:
2820:
863:
sampling) and follow-ups were the most complete of the pre-photographic star catalogues.
3476:
3370:
2952:
2915:
2485:
1901:
3533:
3456:
3432:
3303:
2576:
1748:
1472:
1317:
1110:
844:
774:
759:
751:
739:
255:
237:
77:
2960:
2302:
1726:; and the latest refined, updated catalogues are reduced and produced by NOFS and the
1003:") so each plate photographed had a similar scale of approximately 60 arcsecs/mm. The
3600:
3494:
2976:
2872:
2842:
1925:
1264:
1083:
1045:
1037:
994:
950:
904:
747:
743:
671:
628:
618:
399:
303:
of the stars had changed over time. This led him to determine the first value of the
245:
135:
114:
1952:
1651:
1607:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1567:
1551:
1533:
3566:
1232:
966:
915:
885:
As it covered only the northern sky and some of the south (being compiled from the
729:
414:
1992:
1438:
548:(怩ćźæž Tianguan shu)âincludes some 90 constellations, the stars therein named after
295:
in 129 BC, the earliest known attempt to map the entire sky, which he compared to
32:
2782:
2023:
1298:
Stephenson's General Catalogue of galactic Carbon stars is a catalogue of 7000+
3210:
2550:
1769:
1706:
1324:) catalogue attempts to list all star systems within 20 parsecs (65 ly) of
1299:
1287:
1283:
1082:. The SAO catalogue contains this major piece of information not in Draper, the
931:
758:. The major problem with Bayer's naming system was the number of letters in the
755:
734:
703:
527:
488:
457:
453:
395:
349:
174:
162:
97:
2696:
1909:
1610:
3380:
Severen, G. M. (1981). "The Paris codex: Decoding an astronomical ephemeris".
2756:
1764:
1759:
1568:
LHS catalogue. A catalogue of stars with proper motions exceeding 0"5 annually
1395:
1126:
1070:
1000:
763:
694:, compiled in the 16th century by an anonymous author (although attributed to
565:
333:
296:
277:
273:
151:
143:
93:
3062:
A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23-220 CE)
2968:
2430:
1202:
1177:
800:
623:
541:
531:
426:
363:
were very well aware of the astronomical positions and constellations. Both
345:
300:
73:
69:
3096:
1917:
3194:
3167:
2644:
2613:"You Are Here: Scientists Unveil Precise Map Of More Than A Billion Stars"
2902:
A. H. Batten (1977). "The Struves of Pulkovo â A Family of Astronomers".
2524:
2055:"Internal Consistency of Eclipses and Planetary Positions in MahÄbhÄrata"
1674:
1666:
discovered a very large number of double stars and in 1827 published his
1505:
784:
500:
476:
432:
328:
217:
178:
1137:
is currently working on B2 and C variants of the USNO catalogue series.
154:
of the night sky which adorn the coffins and ceilings of tomb chambers.
2264:
1422:
1114:
1079:
725:
341:
308:
41:
3528:
2671:"Selected asteroids detected by Gaia between August 2014 and May 2016"
2387:
1552:
A catalogue of 1849 stars with proper motions exceeding 0.5" annually.
1471:
A common way of detecting nearby stars is to look for relatively high
27:
Astronomical catalogue that lists stars and their positions in the sky
3509:
Current Public, High-Metric Accuracy Star Catalogues produced by USNO
930:
and uses BD; CPD is often shortened to CP), followed by the angle of
667:
568:(78â139 AD) compiled a star catalogue comprising 124 constellations.
504:
250:
139:
3332:
Li, Qi and Shu: An introduction to science and civilization in China
2456:
556:, locations such as markets and shops, and different people such as
3561:
3485:
3460:
2581:"Gaia's Map of 1.3 Billion Stars Makes for a Milky Way in a Bottle"
1628:
LP numbers: L in zones â45 to â89 deg.; LP in zones +89 to â44 deg.
2943:
1548:
A Catalog of 1849 Stars with Proper Motion exceeding 0.5" annually
1325:
1125:
server. The entire 50GB compressed catalog can be downloaded via
1028:, this catalogue contained information on all stars brighter than
738:, published in 1603 and regarding bright stars. These are given a
577:
573:
356:
213:
158:
882:
between 1852 and 1859. It covered 320,000 stars in epoch 1855.0.
2268:
1530:
Proper Motion Survey with the forty-eight inch Schmidt Telescope
886:
860:
659:
337:
209:
89:
65:
3518:
3399:
The Chinese Sky During the Han: Constellating Stars and Society
3278:
Babylon to Voyager and Beyond: A History of Planetary Astronomy
2929:
Joseph S. Tenn (29 April 2013). "Keepers of the Double Stars".
1398:
can be interchangeably referred to as either Gl 436 or GJ 436.
1007:
took over custody of the catalogue, now in its 2000.2 edition.
344:
updated it in 964, and the star positions were redetermined by
2617:
1475:. Several catalogues exist, of which we'll mention a few. The
598:
495:(interred in 433 BC) contains a complete list of the names of
201:
1564:
Catalogue of stars with proper motions exceeding 0"5 annually
519:(çłçłć€©æ, Shi Shen tienwen) is attributed to Shi Shen, and the
1734:
Catalog and Image Servers for more information and access.
3523:
3085:
Cullen, C. (1980). "Joseph Needham on Chinese Astronomy".
3037:
First Civilizations: Ancient Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt
1406:
Preliminary Version of the Third Catalogue of Nearby Stars
1224:
The Gaia catalogues are based on observations made by the
48:) from the star atlas published by the Polish astronomer
3514:
SAO â Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog
969:, whose widow donated the money required to finance it.
678:. Many stars are still known by their Arabic names (see
372:
constellations appears in a paper by R N Iyengar in the
340:
worlds for over eight centuries. The Islamic astronomer
161:
were the first to record the names of constellations on
109:
Completeness and accuracy are described by the faintest
3465:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
1623:
Proper Motion Survey with the 48 inch Schmidt Telescope
1078:
for the position measurements in the latest edition is
992:(Astrographic Catalogue) was part of the international
698:), contains a list of stars originally observed by the
511:
who may have been active in the 4th century BC of the
196:'Three Stars Each'. These star catalogues, written on
3538:
1069:
catalogue was compiled in 1966 from various previous
1417:
name has resulted in them being numbered 3001â4388 (
1286:
catalogue (1932) lists 17,180 double stars north of
773:
The second system comes from the English astronomer
588:
A large number of star catalogues were published by
100:. The largest is being compiled from the spacecraft
2904:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
1535:
General Catalogue of the Bruce Proper-Motion Survey
3383:Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
3302:
3107:
2505:Gaia's billion-star map hints at treasures to come
1061:Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog
499:. Star catalogues are traditionally attributed to
130:From their existing records, it is known that the
2299:United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station
1860:
1858:
1856:
1524:L â Luyten, Proper motion stars and White dwarfs
1107:United States Naval Observatory Flagstaff Station
1340:numbers) are from the second edition, which was
1160:continues to be used to accurately position the
907:and covers declinations â22 to â90. Lastly, the
889:observatory), this was then supplemented by the
3358:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
2989:
1378:Numbers in the ranges 1000â1294 and 2001â2159 (
899:(580,000 stars), which began to be compiled at
424:â 256 BC) which provide star names include the
3461:"An investigation of the ancient star catalog"
3173:Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series
3143:Hieroglyphs and the Afterlife in Ancient Egypt
1374:, E. A. Epps, M. J. Penston and S. B. Pocock).
134:recorded the names of only a few identifiable
3524:Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg
3437:. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
3305:The Norton History of Astronomy and Cosmology
3232:Star Maps: History, Artistry, and Cartography
2877:Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg
2847:Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg
2787:Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg
2156:
2144:
2109:
2097:
2085:
1606:, Univ. of Minnesota, 1979, supplement 1980 (
8:
2931:Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage
2352:
2350:
2180:
1799:
795:Full-sky catalogues (in chronological order)
3168:"uvbyÎČ Photoelectric Photometric Catalogue"
1938:
1875:
1196:was compiled from the data gathered by the
113:V (largest number) and the accuracy of the
2727:"Gaia Data Release 3 split into two parts"
2486:Gaia space telescope plots a billion stars
1638:worked on a similar series of catalogues:
658:(964) which described observations of the
564:(éæČ, Ling Xian) of 120 AD, the astronomer
326:published a star catalogue as part of his
177:in the late 2nd millennium BC, during the
3484:
3193:
2942:
1687:ubvyÎČ Photoelectric Photometric Catalogue
674:, and the first known description of the
265:Approximately in the 3rd century BC, the
1835:
1787:
1401:Numbers in the range 3001â4388 are from
953:of stars. The catalogue was compiled by
750:in which they are located; examples are
332:, which listed 1,022 stars visible from
31:
3545:
2697:"Gaia Early Data Release 3 (Gaia EDR3)"
2358:"USNO Image and Catalog Archive Server"
2247:
1780:
1608:NLTT Catalogue. Volume_III. 0__to -30_.
1598:NLTT â New Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue
1521:later produced a series of catalogues:
200:, listed thirty-six stars: twelve for "
106:and thus far has over a billion stars.
92:. They were sometimes accompanied by a
2514:, ESA press release, 13 September 2016
2412:
2401:
2204:
2121:
2075:from the original on 12 November 2020.
1864:
1550:, Lund Press, Minneapolis (Mn), 1955 (
1334:List of nearest stars and brown dwarfs
562:Spiritual Constitution of the Universe
244:laid down a full set of the classical
2707:from the original on 10 December 2020
2625:from the original on 11 February 2021
2275:from the original on 20 February 2006
2229:from the original on 21 November 2020
2192:
2168:
2003:from the original on 21 November 2020
1847:
1823:
1811:
1625:, University of Minnesota, 1963â1981
1617:LPM â Luyten Proper-Motion catalogue
1067:Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
467:) provides most of the names for the
36:An illustration of the constellation
7:
2737:from the original on 30 January 2019
2467:from the original on 30 October 2021
2133:
2062:Indian Journal of History of Science
2034:from the original on 13 October 2023
2024:"Tycho Brahe's great star catalogue"
1963:from the original on 13 October 2023
1462:, Yale University Observatory, 1995.
1387:Nearby Star Data Published 1969â1978
1034:Harvard Revised Photometry Catalogue
642:A compendium of the science of stars
523:(怩ææć , Tianwen xingzhan) to Gan De.
390:The earliest known inscriptions for
374:Indian Journal of History of Science
220:lists, dated to sometime before the
3255:Kepple, G.R.; Sanner, G.W. (1998).
2937:(1) (published March 2013): 81â93.
2793:from the original on 11 August 2011
2677:from the original on 27 August 2019
2388:"Magnet link for usno-b1.0 torrent"
1671:Catalogus novus stellarum duplicium
1558:LHS â Luyten Half-Second catalogue
1542:LFT â Luyten Five-Tenths catalogue
240:, the astronomer and mathematician
3166:Hauck, B.; Mermilliod, M. (1998).
3109:"Science, Medicine and Technology"
2763:from the original on 29 April 2018
2495:, Jonathan Amos, BBC, 14 July 2016
2053:Iyengar, R. N. (9 December 2002).
1664:Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve
1574:LTT â Luyten Two-Tenths catalogue
232:Hellenistic world and Roman Empire
192:). They are better known by their
25:
2961:10.3724/SP.J.1440-2807.2013.01.06
2783:"Detailed Description of III/227"
2593:from the original on 9 April 2020
1566:, University of Minnesota, 1979 (
1532:, University of Minnesota, 1941 (
1483:catalogues pioneered the domain:
1439:1952 edition and 1962 supplement.
1408:(1991, W. Gliese and H. JahreiĂ).
1389:(1979, W. Gliese and H. JahreiĂ).
1382:numbers) are from the supplement
1368:Extension of the Gliese catalogue
1363:numbers) are from the supplement
212:" south of that, and twelve for "
3612:Astronomical catalogues of stars
3584:
3572:
3560:
3548:
3397:Sun, X.; Kistemaker, J. (1997).
2883:from the original on 7 June 2011
2853:from the original on 7 June 2011
2651:from the original on 10 May 2020
2645:"Gaia Data Release 2 (Gaia DR2)"
2557:from the original on 6 June 2019
2525:"Gaia Data Release 1 (Gaia DR1)"
1756:of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars
1359:Numbers in the range 9001â9850 (
1312:Gliese Catalogue of Nearby Stars
1048:, and other useful information.
909:Cape Photographic Durchmusterung
903:in 1892 under the initiative of
644:(850) which corrected Ptolemy's
572:names were later adopted by the
276:created another star catalogue.
3141:Forman, W.; Quirke, S. (1996).
3006:United States Naval Observatory
2531:from the original on 3 May 2020
2437:from the original on 6 May 2020
2362:United States Naval Observatory
2329:United States Naval Observatory
1744:List of astronomical catalogues
1182:Catalogues of Fundamental Stars
1021:First published in 1930 as the
3259:. Vol. 1. Willmann-Bell.
3257:The Night Sky Observers' Guide
3060:de Crespigny, R. (2007).
1719:
1701:, collected by the astronomer
710:Bayer and Flamsteed catalogues
537:Records of the Grand Historian
167:earliest known star catalogues
1:
3434:The Crime of Claudius Ptolemy
3207:Mesopotamian cosmic geography
2990:Hauck & Mermilliod (1998)
2295:"PMM Project â Star Catalogs"
2261:"BSC5P â Bright Star Catalog"
1634:Around the same time period,
965:, and was named in honour of
780:Historia coelestis Britannica
418:
403:
312:
281:
248:around 370 BC. His catalogue
182:
3147:University of Oklahoma Press
2757:"Gaia Data Release scenario"
872:Friedrich Wilhelm Argelander
462:
18:Luyten Half-Second catalogue
3114:The Oxford History of Islam
2390:. SkyChart / Cartes du Ciel
2157:Sun & Kistemaker (1997)
2145:Sun & Kistemaker (1997)
2110:Sun & Kistemaker (1997)
2098:Sun & Kistemaker (1997)
2086:Sun & Kistemaker (1997)
1673:. For example, binary star
1648:Lowell Observatory Bulletin
1644:Lowell Proper Motion Survey
1446:Yale University Observatory
1121:; both can be found on the
959:Harvard College Observatory
926:follows the example of the
696:Fray Antonio de Ciudad Real
521:Astronomic star observation
413:). Sources dating from the
305:precession of the equinoxes
146:. The Egyptians called the
3638:
3519:NASA Astronomy Data Center
3336:Courier Dover Publications
3311:W. W. Norton & Company
3282:Cambridge University Press
1993:"Al-Sufi's constellations"
1910:10.1038/d41586-022-03296-1
1800:Forman & Quirke (1996)
1659:Struve Double Star Catalog
1500:, Vol. 36 to 48, 1925â1939
1494:, eight successive lists,
1309:
1217:
1144:
1058:
1014:
942:
842:
827:Histoire céleste française
817:Histoire céleste française
814:
768:variable star designations
713:
493:Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
483:used for constructing the
383:
299:' and discovered that the
3534:IAU FAQ on "Naming Stars"
3112:. In Esposito, J. (ed.).
3035:Chadwick, Robert (2005).
1981:Newton 1977; Rawlins 1982
1802:, pp. 60â61, 116â117
1713:Successors to USNO-A, etc
1511:Astronomische Nachrichten
1345:Catalogue of Nearby Stars
1200:'s astrometric satellite
961:under the supervision of
919:confusion often remains.
680:List of Arabic star names
546:Book of Celestial Offices
497:the twenty-eight mansions
138:and a list of thirty-six
3529:Sloan Digital Sky Survey
3276:Liverington, D. (2003).
2491:16 December 2021 at the
2223:Ian Ridpath's Star Tales
2028:Ian Ridpath's Star Tales
1997:Ian Ridpath's Star Tales
1957:Ian Ridpath's Star Tales
1497:The Astronomical Journal
1467:Proper motion catalogues
1129:using instructions from
990:Catalogue astrographique
963:Edward Charles Pickering
891:SĂŒdliche Durchmusterung
870:itself was published by
636:star catalogues include
359:and other scriptures of
270:Timocharis of Alexandria
3617:Astronomical catalogues
3186:1998A&AS..129..431H
3118:Oxford University Press
2431:"Data Release scenario"
1642:Giclas, H. L., et al.,
1514:, 209 to 236, 1919â1929
1492:New Proper Motion Stars
1026:Catalog of Bright Stars
171:the ancient Babylonians
2817:The Amateur Sky Survey
1259:Specialized catalogues
1162:Hubble Space Telescope
1157:Hubble Space Telescope
1103:U.S. Naval Observatory
1005:U.S. Naval Observatory
957:and her co-workers at
945:Henry Draper Catalogue
896:Cordoba Durchmusterung
686:Pre-Columbian Americas
594:medieval Islamic world
307:. In the 2nd century,
62:astronomical catalogue
53:
3238:/ Praxis Publishing.
3205:Horowitz, W. (1998).
3002:"Optical/IR Products"
2553:. 15 September 2016.
2527:. 14 September 2016.
2510:28 March 2019 at the
1754:New General Catalogue
1668:double star catalogue
1582:, Minneapolis, 1957;
1460:Ellen Dorrit Hoffleit
1452:William F. van Altena
1198:European Space Agency
1105:(as developed at the
1017:Bright Star Catalogue
868:Bonner Durchmusterung
852:Bonner Durchmusterung
720:Flamsteed designation
632:(1437). Other famous
602:treatises, including
570:Chinese constellation
526:It was not until the
513:Warring States period
507:, two rather obscure
469:twenty-eight mansions
384:Further information:
222:Neo-Babylonian Empire
157:Although the ancient
121:Historical catalogues
35:
3097:10.1093/past/87.1.39
2368:on 15 September 2012
1953:"Ptolemy's Almagest"
1456:John Truen-liang Lee
670:, drawings for each
614:Maragheh observatory
596:. These were mainly
558:farmers and soldiers
216:" to the north. The
142:that were used as a
3477:1982PASP...94..359R
3371:1998JBAA..108...79R
3330:Peng, Y.H. (2000).
3195:10.1051/aas:1998195
3106:Dallal, A. (1999).
2953:2013JAHH...16...81T
2916:1977JRASC..71..345B
2733:. 29 January 2019.
2335:on 5 September 2015
2325:"The NOMAD Catalog"
2271:. 8 November 2004.
2219:"Al-Sufi's nebulae"
2181:de Crespigny (2007)
1902:2022Natur.610..613M
1611:VizieR ???????
1519:Willem Jacob Luyten
1194:Hipparcos catalogue
662:, their positions,
655:Book of Fixed Stars
509:Chinese astronomers
491:chest found in the
3301:North, J. (1995).
3230:Kanas, N. (2007).
3088:Past & Present
3041:Equinox Publishing
2823:on 22 October 2012
2813:"Stellar Catalogs"
2586:The New York Times
1939:Liverington (2003)
1876:Liverington (2003)
1838:, pp. 168â171
1699:Zodiacal Catalogue
1488:Ross, Frank Elmore
1347:(1969, W. Gliese).
1174:PPM Star Catalogue
1153:Guide Star Catalog
1147:Guide Star Catalog
1093:within each band.
901:CĂłrdoba, Argentina
666:, brightness, and
590:Muslim astronomers
517:Shi Shen astronomy
515:(403â221 BC). The
392:Chinese star names
293:his star catalogue
226:Greek civilization
111:limiting magnitude
54:
3622:Stellar astronomy
3429:Newton, Robert R.
3403:Koninklijke Brill
3245:978-0-387-71668-8
3131:978-0-19-510799-9
3075:978-90-04-15605-0
3066:Koninklijke Brill
3012:on 26 August 2015
2647:. 25 April 2018.
1896:(7933): 613â614.
1707:Star Occultations
1442:Louise F. Jenkins
1135:Naval Observatory
1123:Naval Observatory
955:Annie Jump Cannon
832:Paris Observatory
716:Bayer designation
443:Book of Documents
386:Chinese star maps
267:Greek astronomers
206:celestial equator
194:Assyrian-era name
169:were compiled by
132:ancient Egyptians
126:Ancient Near East
50:Johannes Hevelius
16:(Redirected from
3629:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3564:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3498:
3488:
3452:
3449:Internet Archive
3416:
3391:
3374:
3349:
3324:
3308:
3295:
3270:
3249:
3224:
3199:
3197:
3160:
3135:
3111:
3100:
3079:
3054:
3039:(2nd ed.).
3022:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3008:. Archived from
2998:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2946:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2869:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2858:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2828:
2819:. Archived from
2809:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2712:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2551:"Data Release 1"
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2521:
2515:
2502:
2496:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2414:
2409:
2407:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2384:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2364:. Archived from
2354:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2331:. Archived from
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2305:on 11 April 2012
2301:. Archived from
2291:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2280:
2257:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2195:, pp. 40â41
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2159:, pp. 21â22
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2112:, pp. 18â19
2107:
2101:
2100:, pp. 16â18
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2019:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2008:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1862:
1851:
1845:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1826:, pp. 30â31
1821:
1815:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1791:
1785:
1697:The Robertson's
1636:Henry Lee Giclas
1030:visual magnitude
880:Eduard Schönfeld
789:47 Ursae Majoris
742:followed by the
692:Motul Dictionary
676:Andromeda Galaxy
609:Tables of Toledo
481:celestial sphere
466:
464:
423:
420:
412:
408:
405:
398:and date to the
394:were written on
321:
317:
314:
290:
286:
283:
191:
187:
184:
148:circumpolar star
21:
3637:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3583:
3573:
3571:
3559:
3549:
3547:
3539:
3505:
3457:Rawlins, Dennis
3455:
3445:
3427:
3424:
3422:Further reading
3419:
3413:
3396:
3379:
3354:
3346:
3329:
3321:
3300:
3292:
3275:
3267:
3254:
3246:
3229:
3221:
3204:
3165:
3157:
3140:
3132:
3105:
3084:
3076:
3059:
3051:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3015:
3013:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2984:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2901:
2900:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2854:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2796:
2794:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2725:
2724:
2720:
2710:
2708:
2695:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2654:
2652:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2596:
2594:
2577:Overbye, Dennis
2575:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2534:
2532:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2512:Wayback Machine
2503:
2499:
2493:Wayback Machine
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2410:
2400:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2381:
2371:
2369:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2278:
2276:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2250:, pp. 8â12
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2124:, pp. 46ff
2120:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2092:
2084:
2080:
2072:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2006:
2004:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1854:
1846:
1842:
1836:Horowitz (1998)
1834:
1830:
1822:
1818:
1810:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1788:Chadwick (2005)
1786:
1782:
1778:
1740:
1715:
1703:James Robertson
1695:
1683:
1661:
1621:Luyten, W. J.,
1602:Luyten, W. J.,
1562:Luyten, W. J.,
1546:Luyten, W. J.,
1528:Luyten, W. J.,
1469:
1431:
1354:right ascension
1330:right ascension
1314:
1308:
1296:
1277:
1261:
1222:
1220:Gaia catalogues
1216:
1214:Gaia catalogues
1190:
1170:
1149:
1143:
1099:
1091:right ascension
1063:
1057:
1019:
1013:
986:
976:for the 1900.0
974:right ascension
947:
941:
876:Adalbert KrĂŒger
847:
841:
819:
813:
797:
722:
714:Main articles:
712:
688:
586:
461:
452:written by the
421:
410:
406:
388:
382:
319:
315:
288:
284:
254:, rewritten by
234:
189:
185:
128:
123:
46:Greek mythology
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3635:
3633:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3581:
3569:
3557:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3504:
3503:External links
3501:
3500:
3499:
3486:10.1086/130991
3453:
3443:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3411:
3393:
3392:
3376:
3375:
3351:
3350:
3344:
3326:
3325:
3319:
3297:
3296:
3290:
3272:
3271:
3265:
3251:
3250:
3244:
3226:
3225:
3219:
3201:
3200:
3180:(3): 431â433.
3162:
3161:
3155:
3137:
3136:
3130:
3102:
3101:
3081:
3080:
3074:
3056:
3055:
3049:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3023:
2993:
2982:
2921:
2894:
2864:
2834:
2804:
2774:
2748:
2718:
2688:
2662:
2636:
2604:
2579:(1 May 2018).
2568:
2542:
2516:
2497:
2478:
2448:
2422:
2379:
2346:
2316:
2286:
2252:
2248:Severen (1981)
2240:
2209:
2197:
2185:
2183:, p. 1050
2173:
2161:
2149:
2137:
2126:
2114:
2102:
2090:
2078:
2045:
2014:
1983:
1974:
1943:
1931:
1880:
1868:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1804:
1792:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1751:
1749:Messier object
1746:
1739:
1736:
1714:
1711:
1694:
1691:
1682:
1679:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1615:
1614:
1596:
1595:
1578:Luyten, W. J.
1572:
1571:
1556:
1555:
1540:
1539:
1516:
1515:
1502:
1501:
1473:proper motions
1468:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1449:
1430:
1427:
1410:
1409:
1391:
1390:
1376:
1375:
1349:
1348:
1320:(later Gliese-
1310:Main article:
1307:
1304:
1295:
1292:
1276:
1273:
1260:
1257:
1218:Main article:
1215:
1212:
1189:
1186:
1169:
1166:
1145:Main article:
1142:
1139:
1098:
1095:
1059:Main article:
1056:
1053:
1046:spectral types
1038:proper motions
1015:Main article:
1012:
1009:
985:
982:
951:spectral types
943:Main article:
940:
937:
845:Durchmusterung
843:Main article:
840:
837:
824:published the
822:JĂ©rĂŽme Lalande
815:Main article:
812:
809:
796:
793:
775:John Flamsteed
760:Greek alphabet
752:Alpha Centauri
711:
708:
687:
684:
585:
582:
487:). An earlier
440:" (ć Żć
ž) in the
411: 1050 BC
381:
378:
256:Aratus of Soli
246:constellations
238:Ancient Greece
233:
230:
208:, twelve for "
190: 1155 BC
179:Kassite Period
136:constellations
127:
124:
122:
119:
58:star catalogue
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3634:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3570:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3556:
3546:
3542:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3412:90-04-10737-1
3408:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3345:0-486-41445-0
3341:
3337:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3322:
3320:0-393-03656-1
3316:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3291:0-521-80840-5
3287:
3283:
3279:
3274:
3273:
3268:
3266:0-943396-58-1
3262:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3228:
3227:
3222:
3220:0-931464-99-4
3216:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3202:
3196:
3191:
3187:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3156:0-8061-2751-1
3152:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3091:(87): 39â53.
3090:
3089:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3050:1-904768-77-6
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3011:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2925:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2895:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2868:
2865:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2822:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2778:
2775:
2762:
2758:
2752:
2749:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2689:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2556:
2552:
2546:
2543:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2482:
2479:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2452:
2449:
2436:
2432:
2426:
2423:
2418:
2405:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2351:
2347:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2287:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2210:
2207:, p. 164
2206:
2205:Dallal (1999)
2201:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:Cullen (1980)
2118:
2115:
2111:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2079:
2071:
2068:(2): 77â115.
2067:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2046:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2018:
2015:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1978:
1975:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1865:Rogers (1998)
1861:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1790:, p. 115
1789:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1712:
1710:
1709:by the Moon.
1708:
1704:
1700:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1650:, 1971â1979 (
1649:
1645:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1575:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1293:
1291:
1290:â30 degrees.
1289:
1285:
1281:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1148:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1084:proper motion
1081:
1077:
1072:
1068:
1062:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1018:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
997:
996:
995:Carte du Ciel
991:
983:
981:
979:
975:
970:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
946:
938:
936:
933:
929:
925:
920:
917:
916:spectroscopic
912:
910:
906:
905:John M. Thome
902:
898:
897:
892:
888:
883:
881:
877:
873:
869:
864:
862:
858:
854:
853:
846:
838:
836:
833:
829:
828:
823:
818:
810:
808:
806:
802:
794:
792:
790:
786:
782:
781:
776:
771:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
748:constellation
745:
744:genitive case
741:
737:
736:
731:
727:
721:
717:
709:
707:
705:
701:
700:ancient Mayas
697:
693:
685:
683:
681:
677:
673:
672:constellation
669:
665:
661:
657:
656:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:
629:Zij-i Sultani
625:
621:
620:
619:Zij-i Ilkhani
615:
611:
610:
605:
601:
600:
595:
591:
584:Islamic world
583:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
538:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465: 235 BC
459:
455:
451:
450:
449:LĂŒshi Chunqiu
445:
444:
439:
435:
434:
429:
428:
416:
401:
400:Shang dynasty
397:
393:
387:
380:Ancient China
379:
377:
375:
370:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
330:
325:
320: 186 AD
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289: 120 BC
279:
275:
271:
268:
263:
261:
257:
253:
252:
247:
243:
239:
231:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
125:
120:
118:
116:
112:
107:
105:
104:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
30:
19:
3468:
3464:
3447:– via
3433:
3398:
3387:
3381:
3365:(2): 79â89.
3362:
3356:
3331:
3304:
3277:
3256:
3231:
3206:
3177:
3171:
3142:
3113:
3086:
3061:
3036:
3028:Bibliography
3014:. Retrieved
3010:the original
2996:
2985:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2907:
2903:
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2867:
2855:. Retrieved
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
2821:the original
2807:
2795:. Retrieved
2777:
2765:. Retrieved
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2730:
2721:
2709:. Retrieved
2700:
2691:
2679:. Retrieved
2665:
2653:. Retrieved
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2616:
2607:
2595:. Retrieved
2584:
2571:
2561:15 September
2559:. Retrieved
2545:
2535:16 September
2533:. Retrieved
2519:
2500:
2481:
2471:18 September
2469:. Retrieved
2458:
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2425:
2392:. Retrieved
2382:
2370:. Retrieved
2366:the original
2337:. Retrieved
2333:the original
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2303:the original
2289:
2277:. Retrieved
2255:
2243:
2231:. Retrieved
2222:
2217:Ridpath, I.
2212:
2200:
2193:Kanas (2007)
2188:
2176:
2171:, p. 23
2169:Kanas (2007)
2164:
2152:
2147:, p. 18
2140:
2129:
2117:
2105:
2093:
2088:, p. 16
2081:
2065:
2061:
2048:
2036:. Retrieved
2027:
2022:Ridpath, I.
2017:
2005:. Retrieved
1996:
1991:Ridpath, I.
1986:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1956:
1951:Ridpath, I.
1946:
1941:, p. 31
1934:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1878:, p. 30
1871:
1850:, p. 32
1848:North (1995)
1843:
1831:
1824:North (1995)
1819:
1814:, p. 40
1812:Kanas (2007)
1807:
1795:
1783:
1716:
1698:
1696:
1693:ZC catalogue
1686:
1684:
1670:
1662:
1647:
1643:
1633:
1622:
1616:
1603:
1597:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1563:
1557:
1547:
1541:
1534:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1509:
1495:
1491:
1470:
1432:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1405:
1400:
1392:
1386:
1379:
1377:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1350:
1344:
1337:
1315:
1300:carbon stars
1297:
1294:Carbon stars
1278:
1269:nearby stars
1262:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1223:
1201:
1191:
1171:
1152:
1150:
1118:
1100:
1088:
1064:
1050:
1033:
1022:
1020:
993:
989:
987:
971:
967:Henry Draper
948:
927:
923:
921:
913:
908:
894:
890:
884:
867:
865:
856:
850:
848:
825:
820:
798:
778:
772:
740:Greek letter
733:
730:Johann Bayer
723:
691:
689:
653:
645:
641:
627:
622:(1272), and
617:
612:(1087), the
607:
597:
587:
561:
545:
535:
525:
520:
516:
479:belt of the
447:
441:
438:Canon of Yao
431:
425:
415:Zhou dynasty
396:oracle bones
389:
373:
368:
364:
355:The ancient
354:
327:
291:) completed
264:
249:
235:
204:" along the
198:clay tablets
163:clay tablets
156:
129:
108:
101:
98:data centres
57:
55:
29:
3591:Outer space
3579:Spaceflight
3471:: 359â373.
3211:Eisenbrauns
3120:. pp.
2711:12 December
2233:22 November
2134:Peng (2000)
2007:22 November
1770:Fixed stars
1328:ordered by
1288:declination
1284:double star
1071:astrometric
1042:photometric
1032:6.5 in the
1011:BS, BSC, HR
932:declination
756:Gamma Cygni
735:Uranometria
728:astronomer
704:Paris Codex
702:. The Maya
552:, ideas in
528:Han dynasty
489:lacquerware
475:across the
436:, and the "
422: 1050
407: 1600
365:Mahabharata
350:Tycho Brahe
324:Roman Egypt
186: 1531
175:Mesopotamia
152:star charts
74:Babylonians
64:that lists
3607:Astrometry
3601:Categories
3444:0801819903
3390:(5): 8â12.
2887:15 October
2857:15 October
2741:29 January
2681:2 December
2629:29 October
2441:3 December
2413:|url=
2394:31 January
1776:References
1765:Star chart
1760:Astrometry
1730:. See the
1396:Gliese 436
1372:R. Woolley
1306:Gl, GJ, Wo
1127:BitTorrent
1001:astrograph
801:telescopes
764:Argo Navis
664:magnitudes
638:Alfraganus
566:Zhang Heng
560:. For his
554:philosophy
456:statesman
409: â c.
334:Alexandria
318: â c.
297:Timocharis
287: â c.
285: 190
278:Hipparchus
274:Aristillus
251:Phaenomena
188: â c.
144:star clock
94:star chart
3555:Astronomy
3495:121745903
3016:22 August
2977:117032058
2969:1440-2807
2944:1304.5494
2827:22 August
2797:22 August
2372:22 August
2339:22 August
2309:22 August
2279:22 August
2038:2 October
1967:2 October
1926:252994351
1506:Wolf, Max
1332:(see the
1265:variables
1203:Hipparcos
1178:Hipparcos
1097:USNO-B1.0
839:BD/CD/CPD
805:magnitude
624:Ulugh Beg
542:Sima Qian
532:naked eye
473:asterisms
427:Zuo Zhuan
352:in 1598.
346:Ulugh Beg
316: 90
301:longitude
260:antiquity
159:Sumerians
115:positions
70:astronomy
3459:(1982).
3431:(1977).
3236:Springer
2881:Archived
2851:Archived
2791:Archived
2761:Archived
2735:Archived
2705:Archived
2675:Archived
2655:26 April
2649:Archived
2623:Archived
2591:Archived
2555:Archived
2529:Archived
2508:Archived
2489:Archived
2465:Archived
2461:Archive"
2435:Archived
2404:cite web
2273:Archived
2227:Archived
2070:Archived
2032:Archived
2001:Archived
1961:Archived
1918:36258126
1738:See also
1675:61 Cygni
1208:parallax
1131:Skychart
924:Southern
785:61 Cygni
646:Almagest
604:Arzachel
578:Japanese
501:Shi Shen
485:calendar
477:ecliptic
458:LĂŒ Buwei
433:Shi Jing
369:Ramayana
329:Almagest
218:Mul.Apin
86:Persians
3541:Portals
3473:Bibcode
3367:Bibcode
3182:Bibcode
3122:155â213
2949:Bibcode
2912:Bibcode
2910:: 345.
2759:. ESA.
2415:value (
2265:HEASARC
1898:Bibcode
1423:GJ 3021
1370:(1970,
1322:JahreiĂ
1252:Tycho-2
1236:archive
1115:J2000.0
1111:Schmidt
1080:J2000.0
746:of the
650:al-Sufi
592:in the
574:Koreans
550:temples
342:al-Sufi
309:Ptolemy
242:Eudoxus
82:Chinese
52:in 1690
42:Perseus
40:(after
38:Perseus
3493:
3441:
3409:
3342:
3317:
3288:
3263:
3242:
3217:
3153:
3128:
3072:
3047:
2975:
2967:
2873:"Wolf"
2843:"Ross"
2767:25 May
2411:Check
1924:
1916:
1890:Nature
1720:USNO-B
1681:uvby98
1318:Gliese
1280:Aitken
1133:. The
1044:data,
939:HD/HDE
928:Bonner
878:, and
857:German
726:German
668:colour
648:; and
634:Arabic
505:Gan De
471:(i.e.
446:. The
430:, the
165:, the
140:decans
88:, and
78:Greeks
60:is an
3567:Stars
3491:S2CID
2973:S2CID
2939:arXiv
2597:1 May
2073:(PDF)
2058:(PDF)
1922:S2CID
1326:Earth
1119:NOMAD
1076:epoch
978:epoch
660:stars
361:India
357:Vedic
322:) of
214:Enlil
90:Arabs
68:. In
66:stars
44:from
3439:ISBN
3407:ISBN
3340:ISBN
3315:ISBN
3286:ISBN
3261:ISBN
3240:ISBN
3215:ISBN
3151:ISBN
3126:ISBN
3070:ISBN
3045:ISBN
3018:2012
2965:ISSN
2889:2009
2859:2009
2829:2012
2799:2012
2769:2021
2743:2019
2713:2020
2683:2017
2657:2018
2631:2018
2599:2018
2563:2016
2537:2016
2473:2016
2459:Gaia
2443:2017
2417:help
2396:2024
2374:2012
2341:2012
2311:2012
2281:2012
2269:GSFC
2235:2020
2040:2023
2009:2020
1969:2023
1914:PMID
1732:USNO
1728:USNO
1724:NOFS
1685:The
1481:Wolf
1479:and
1477:Ross
1458:and
1429:GCTP
1415:some
1316:The
1250:and
1248:Gaia
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