1691:
166:
196:
149:
226:
567:
876:
1128:
35:
233:
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984:
were found in the area. The seven earthenware sculptures of heads and other pottery from the site are intricately decorated and may have been used for ceremonial or initiation purposes. However, this is speculative as there is little we know today about the people who made these sculptures. Their
904:
1107:
and local chiefs, resisted the removals in different ways depending on local circumstances and allegiances. Often violently, the apartheid state removed the families to farms further from the town or to
2148:
951:, or "Town of Suffering", and is named for the experiences of the white settlers. In Northern Sotho, Mashishing means "long green grass." Lydenburg has become the centre of the South African
1561:
1467:
1454:
897:
1112:. In 2001, in one of South Africa's first completed land restitution claims, Boomplaats farm was bought from Willem Pretorius and returned by the state to the Dinkwanyane community.
1440:
On 23 December Long was visited by
Dietrich Muller who said he had been deputed by the Boer Government to demand the immediate surrender of the garrison which was refused by Long.
1690:
890:
2158:
1088:
severely restricted black land ownership in South Africa. The communities here developed and irrigated the initially arid area into valuable and productive farms.
2163:
1554:
2153:
1100:
1099:
Forced removals from farms surrounding
Lydenburg began in the early 1940s and continued through the 1960s. Residents on the farms, especially through the
165:
2037:
1547:
1455:
https://www.sahistory.org.za/sites/default/files/Removals%20and%20Resistance%20Rural%20Communities%20in%20Lydenburg%20South%20Africa%201940-1961.pdf
1065:
broke out between
Britain and the Transvaal Republic in 1880. A British garrison under Lieutenant Walter Hillyar Colquhoun Long (uncle of the 1st
2168:
1030:
epidemic. The town became the capital of the
Lydenburg Republic ('De Republiek Lydenburg in Zuid Afrika') in 1856 and later in 1857 joined the
195:
148:
508:
1070:
258:
1084:
Land such as
Boomplaats and Aapiesdoorndraai farms, near the town, was purchased by black South Africans in the early 1900s before the
968:
The area surrounding present day
Lydenburg has a long history of human occupation. Rock paintings in surrounding areas point to early
533:
314:
118:
1049:) which was not under British control. In 1871 construction of the road was started by Abraham Espag under the orders of President
1886:
1539:
1571:
319:
1802:
1415:
The Boers took up a position two miles off on the road to
Middelburg on 3 January 1881 and commenced their attack on the 6th.
925:
329:
56:
1364:"Lydenburg Heads (Ca. 500 A.D.) | Essay | the Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History"
1866:
376:
225:
1525:
2030:
1328:
99:
1069:) occupied Lydenburg to control the goldfields. It was from here that the ill-fated 94th Regiment under the command of
1596:
500:
71:
1702:
1061:
On 6 February 1873, alluvial gold was discovered and within 3 months the
Lydenburg goldfields were proclaimed. The
1050:
52:
45:
2173:
2057:
647:
302:
78:
2127:
1736:
1001:
people, who referred to the area as
Mashishing, that lived in the surrounding area from as early as the 1700s.
1289:
980:
Dating back to AD 500, the earliest known forms of
African Iron Age sculpture below the equator, known as the
2023:
1675:
547:
440:
85:
2117:
2107:
2102:
2004:
1905:
1377:
1085:
1039:
1035:
937:
733:
641:
1973:
1958:
1948:
1938:
1899:
1609:
1261:
831:
581:
67:
1999:
1782:
1680:
1210:
625:
398:
1500:
1953:
1670:
1604:
1031:
880:
745:
684:
413:
402:
1968:
1963:
1876:
1810:
1078:
751:
944:. It has a long, rich history, ranging from AD 500 to the present. The name is derived from the
696:
2087:
1983:
1928:
1787:
1655:
1019:
739:
672:
606:
587:
566:
1081:
from 6 January 1881, following Long's refusal to surrender the garrison on 23 December 1880.
1045:
Lydenburg became important because it was on the wagon route to the port of Delagoa Bay (now
2082:
2077:
1482:
800:
714:
2062:
1195:
1157:
981:
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757:
550:
521:
2067:
2046:
1486:
1205:
1109:
1062:
945:
843:
806:
462:
431:
92:
1127:
2142:
2092:
1994:
1978:
1916:
1363:
1175:
1066:
941:
708:
473:
1468:"Removals & Resistance: Rural Communities In Lydenburg, South Africa, 1940-1961"
1237:
1846:
1767:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1303:
1121:
1015:
933:
861:
690:
558:
295:
17:
1124:, had approved the renaming Lydenburg to Mashishing, meaning "long green grass".
1933:
1910:
1825:
1777:
1742:
1726:
1091:
By 1910 the railway reached Lydenburg. In 1927 Lydenburg became a municipality.
952:
825:
678:
653:
34:
2112:
2097:
1851:
1830:
1752:
1731:
1624:
1575:
1200:
1046:
929:
788:
307:
1428:
1403:
273:
260:
1988:
1943:
1894:
1747:
1634:
1629:
1614:
1329:"Old South Africa collides with new in city names - The Mail & Guardian"
1023:
491:
451:
387:
1144:
1861:
1856:
1792:
1762:
1650:
1644:
1619:
1586:
1342:
1074:
969:
837:
635:
2122:
1922:
1820:
1815:
1772:
1665:
1660:
1639:
1027:
702:
290:
1835:
1757:
1190:
998:
994:
855:
496:
1871:
1126:
1053:. The first wagons arrived in Lydenburg from Delagoa Bay in 1874.
985:
existence nevertheless points to Lydenburg's remarkable heritage.
849:
2015:
936:. It is situated on the Sterkspruit/Dorps River tributary of the
2019:
1543:
1120:
In June 2006, it was announced that Arts and Culture minister,
1038:. The town became the capital of the Lydenburg District of the
1104:
28:
1689:
1149:
955:
industry and is an agricultural, tourism and mining hub.
993:
From around the 16th century a group referred to as the
2149:
Populated places in the Thaba Chweu Local Municipality
1429:"The Besieged Towns of the First Boer War, 1880-1881"
1404:"The Besieged Towns of the First Boer War, 1880-1881"
1885:
1801:
1701:
1595:
1450:
1448:
532:
520:
507:
490:
482:
471:
460:
449:
438:
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411:
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289:
136:
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1077:. The remainder of the garrison at Lydenburg was
997:people occupied the area. There is evidence of
1022:when they abandoned their previous settlement
2031:
1555:
898:
8:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1034:but in 1860 both these republics joined the
1014:Lydenburg was founded in 1849 by a group of
2038:
2024:
2016:
1562:
1548:
1540:
972:hunter-gather groups living on the land.
905:
891:
543:
133:
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
1262:"Whites protest at African name changes"
1158:Mashishing Campus Ehlanzeni TVET College
1222:
546:
519:
506:
489:
429:
368:
347:
334:
288:
253:
157:
145:
2159:Populated places founded by Afrikaners
1694:Ehlanzeni District within South Africa
531:
481:
470:
459:
448:
437:
421:
410:
395:
384:
373:
360:
352:
339:
324:
312:
300:
7:
2164:Populated places established in 1849
1378:"Mashishing (Lydenburg), Mpumalanga"
1284:
1282:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1162:Lesodi primary school, Mashingshing.
1073:Philip Robert Anstruther marched to
344:17.31 km (6.68 sq mi)
57:adding citations to reliable sources
2154:Mining communities in South Africa
1570:Municipalities and communities of
1487:10.1111/j.1467-6443.1996.tb00184.x
25:
232:
202:
172:
131:Place in Mpumalanga, South Africa
874:
565:
231:
224:
201:
194:
171:
164:
153:Dutch Reformed Church, Lydenburg
147:
33:
1572:Ehlanzeni District Municipality
1475:Journal of Historical Sociology
1036:Zuid Afrikaanse Republiek (ZAR)
44:needs additional citations for
1260:Carroll, Rory (27 July 2006).
1150:Höerskool Lydenburg Highschool
1010:Founding of the town Lydenburg
926:Thaba Chweu Local Municipality
1:
2169:1849 establishments in Africa
1290:"Lydenburg takes on new name"
629:
1501:"State takes Lydenburg farm"
1154:Mashishing Secondary School
365:2,200/km (5,600/sq mi)
2190:
1180:Sterkspruit Nature Reserve
1131:A side street in Lydenburg
2053:
1687:
1582:
1466:Schirmer, Stefan (1996).
648:Republic of Graaff-Reinet
254:
158:
146:
1145:Lydenburg Primary School
1141:Marambane Primary School
1026:(to the north) due to a
1018:under the leadership of
862:Republic of South Africa
215:Show map of South Africa
1526:"Lesodi Primary School"
1051:Thomas François Burgers
881:South Africa portal
1695:
1132:
1040:South African Republic
734:South African Republic
642:Republic of Swellendam
185:Show map of Mpumalanga
1693:
1238:"Sub Place Lydenburg"
1130:
1095:Apartheid-Era History
940:at the summit of the
832:Union of South Africa
582:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1211:Jock of the Bushveld
989:Pre-colonial History
626:Mthethwa Paramountcy
370:Racial makeup (2011)
362: • Density
53:improve this article
1167:Tourist attractions
1032:Republic of Utrecht
746:Republic of Utrecht
270: /
2073:Lydenburg Republic
1919: (Mapulaneng)
1843: (Mashishing)
1811:Blyde River Canyon
1696:
1308:worldstatesmen.org
1133:
1071:Lieutenant-Colonel
752:Lydenburg Republic
483: • Other
423: • Other
354: • Total
341: • Total
245:Show map of Africa
18:Lydenburg Republic
2136:
2135:
2088:Orange Free State
2013:
2012:
1913: (Bolla-Tau)
1902: (Matsavana)
1739: (KaMatsamo)
1427:M. Gough Palmer.
1402:M. Gough Palmer.
1020:Andries Potgieter
915:
914:
770:Diggers' Republic
740:Orange Free State
673:Dutch Cape Colony
607:Dutch Cape Colony
588:Kingdom of Mutapa
542:
541:
274:25.096°S 30.446°E
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
2181:
2174:Former republics
2118:Utrecht Republic
2083:Nieuwe Republiek
2078:Natalia Republic
2040:
2033:
2026:
2017:
1723: (Emjejane)
1647: (Mbombela)
1564:
1557:
1550:
1541:
1534:
1533:
1522:
1516:
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1513:
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1392:
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1368:
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1354:
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1351:
1349:
1343:"History – MAWR"
1339:
1333:
1332:
1331:. 9 August 2011.
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1172:Lydenburg Museum
1005:Colonial History
920:, also known as
907:
900:
893:
879:
878:
877:
715:Natalia Republic
685:Waterboer's Land
631:
569:
556:
544:
285:
284:
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37:
29:
21:
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2180:
2179:
2178:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2132:
2049:
2044:
2014:
2009:
1881:
1797:
1697:
1685:
1591:
1584:District seat:
1578:
1568:
1538:
1537:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1509:
1507:
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1498:
1494:
1470:
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1382:artefacts.co.za
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1288:
1287:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1249:
1236:
1235:
1224:
1219:
1196:Lydenburg heads
1187:
1169:
1138:
1118:
1097:
1059:
1012:
1007:
991:
982:Lydenburg heads
978:
976:Lydenburg Heads
966:
964:Ancient history
961:
924:, is a town in
911:
875:
873:
868:
867:
821:
813:
812:
801:Nieuw Republiek
784:
776:
775:
764:Griqualand West
758:Griqualand East
729:
721:
720:
697:Adam Kok's Land
668:
660:
659:
621:
613:
612:
602:
594:
593:
577:
557:
554:
553:
528:
516:
432:First languages
279:-25.096; 30.446
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38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2185:
2177:
2176:
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2166:
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2156:
2151:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2068:Klein Vrystaat
2065:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2047:Boer republics
2045:
2043:
2042:
2035:
2028:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1991: (Fayini)
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1925: (Maboke)
1920:
1914:
1908:
1903:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1867:Pilgrim's Rest
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1799:
1798:
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1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
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1566:
1559:
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1535:
1517:
1492:
1458:
1444:
1419:
1394:
1369:
1355:
1334:
1320:
1304:"South Africa"
1295:
1278:
1247:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1213:
1208:
1206:Sekhukhuneland
1203:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1117:
1114:
1110:Sekhukhuneland
1096:
1093:
1063:First Boer War
1058:
1055:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
990:
987:
977:
974:
965:
962:
960:
957:
913:
912:
910:
909:
902:
895:
887:
884:
883:
870:
869:
866:
865:
864:(1961–present)
859:
853:
847:
844:Bophuthatswana
841:
835:
829:
822:
819:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
807:Klein Vrystaat
804:
798:
792:
785:
782:
781:
778:
777:
774:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
743:
737:
730:
727:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
712:
706:
700:
694:
688:
682:
676:
669:
666:
665:
662:
661:
658:
657:
651:
645:
639:
633:
622:
619:
618:
615:
614:
611:
610:
603:
600:
599:
596:
595:
592:
591:
585:
578:
575:
574:
571:
570:
562:
561:
555:in present-day
540:
539:
536:
530:
529:
526:
524:
518:
517:
514:
512:
505:
504:
494:
488:
487:
484:
480:
479:
476:
469:
468:
465:
458:
457:
454:
447:
446:
443:
441:Northern Sotho
436:
435:
428:
427:
424:
420:
419:
416:
409:
408:
405:
394:
393:
390:
383:
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379:
372:
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144:
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127:
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41:
39:
32:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2186:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2093:Potchefstroom
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:Graaff-Reinet
2056:
2055:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2022:
2021:
2018:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1995:Rooiboklaagte
1993:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1979:Okkerneutboom
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1917:Bushbuckridge
1915:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1887:Bushbuckridge
1884:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
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64:Find sources:
58:
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48:
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42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
2128:Zoutpansberg
2072:
1847:Maartenshoop
1840:
1768:Marloth Park
1737:Schoemansdal
1721:Hectorspruit
1716:Buffelspruit
1711:Boschfontein
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1508:. Retrieved
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1432:. Retrieved
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1266:the Guardian
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1122:Pallo Jordan
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1016:Voortrekkers
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934:South Africa
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820:1900–present
691:Zulu Kingdom
559:South Africa
326:Municipality
296:South Africa
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
2005:Welverdiend
1934:Cunningmoor
1911:Buffelshoek
1826:Hendriksdal
1803:Thaba Chweu
1778:Schulzendal
1743:Komatipoort
1727:Jeppes Reef
1676:White River
1510:4 September
1481:: 213–242.
1434:15 December
1409:15 December
1387:4 September
1348:4 September
1313:4 September
1271:10 February
1242:Census 2011
1116:Name change
953:fly-fishing
858:(1981–1994)
852:(1979–1994)
846:(1977–1994)
840:(1976–1994)
834:(1910–1961)
828:(1806–1910)
826:Cape Colony
809:(1886–1891)
803:(1884–1888)
797:(1882–1883)
791:(1882–1885)
772:(1870–1871)
766:(1870–1880)
760:(1861–1879)
754:(1856–1860)
748:(1854–1858)
742:(1854–1902)
736:(1852–1902)
717:(1839–1843)
711:(1837–1848)
705:(1836–1844)
699:(1825–1861)
693:(1818–1897)
687:(1813–1871)
681:(1806–1910)
679:Cape Colony
675:(1802–1806)
656:(1795–1802)
654:Cape Colony
650:(1795–1796)
609:(1652–1795)
590:(1430–1760)
584:(1050–1270)
576:before 1600
509:Postal code
330:Thaba Chweu
277: /
68:"Lydenburg"
2143:Categories
2113:Upingtonia
2103:Swellendam
2098:Stellaland
1906:Alexandria
1852:Mauchsberg
1831:Krugerspos
1753:Louieville
1732:Kaapmuiden
1625:Kaapsehoop
1590:(Mbombela)
1576:Mpumalanga
1217:References
1201:Mpumalanga
1047:Maputo Bay
949:Lijdenburg
932:highveld,
930:Mpumalanga
922:Mashishing
789:Stellaland
632:1780–1817)
548:Historical
349:Population
308:Mpumalanga
265:30°26′46″E
262:25°05′46″S
141:Mashishing
109:April 2007
79:newspapers
2108:Transvaal
1989:Ronaldsey
1974:Newington
1959:Lillydale
1949:Islington
1944:Hluvukani
1939:Edinburgh
1900:Agincourt
1895:Acornhoek
1841:Lydenburg
1748:Langeloop
1645:Nelspruit
1635:Kiepersol
1630:Kabokweni
1615:Emjindini
1610:Barberton
1587:Nelspruit
1136:Education
1057:Gold Rush
1024:Ohrigstad
928:, on the
918:Lydenburg
783:1875–1900
728:1850–1875
667:1800–1850
620:1700–1800
601:1600–1700
534:Area code
492:Time zone
452:Afrikaans
320:Ehlanzeni
239:Lydenburg
209:Lydenburg
179:Lydenburg
138:Lydenburg
2000:Somerset
1862:Moremela
1857:Matibidi
1793:Vlakbult
1783:Steenbok
1763:Malalane
1681:Zwelisha
1651:Ngodwana
1620:Hazyview
1597:Mbombela
1185:See also
1079:besieged
1075:Pretoria
970:Khoe-San
838:Transkei
636:Ndwandwe
511:(street)
388:Coloured
315:District
303:Province
2123:Winburg
1954:Kildare
1923:Casteel
1821:Graskop
1816:Bosoord
1773:Mbuzini
1703:Nkomazi
1671:Verulam
1666:Swalala
1661:Skukuza
1640:Matsulu
1605:Alkmaar
1042:(ZAR).
1028:malaria
959:History
703:Winburg
291:Country
93:scholar
2063:Goshen
1969:Madras
1964:Ludlow
1877:Simile
1836:Leroro
1758:Magudu
1505:News24
1191:Bapedi
999:Bapedi
995:Bakoni
856:Ciskei
795:Goshen
644:(1795)
551:states
522:PO box
434:(2011)
399:Indian
357:37,258
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
1984:Rolle
1929:Clare
1872:Sabie
1788:Tonga
1656:Sheba
1471:(PDF)
946:Dutch
850:Venda
497:UTC+2
486:19.2%
478:13.1%
467:18.7%
463:Swazi
456:22.8%
445:26.2%
418:22.5%
414:White
403:Asian
381:75.3%
100:JSTOR
86:books
1512:2021
1436:2013
1411:2013
1389:2021
1350:2021
1315:2021
1273:2022
527:1120
515:1120
501:SAST
474:Zulu
426:0.3%
407:0.5%
392:1.4%
336:Area
72:news
1483:doi
1105:ANC
1101:ICU
538:013
55:by
2145::
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