126:
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22:
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432:
Initial work on LFE began in 2007, when Robert
Virding started creating a prototype of Lisp running on Erlang. This work was focused primarily on parsing and exploring what an implementation might look like. No version control system was being used at the time, so tracking exact initial dates is
4621:
900:
Since helping to create the Erlang programming language, he had had the goal of making a Lisp which was specifically designed to run on the BEAM and able to fully interact with Erlang/OTP.
3774:
4530:
893:
In particular, he wanted to implement a Lisp in Erlang: not only was he curious to see how it would run on and integrate with Erlang, he wanted to see what it would
4999:
907:
another language on Erlang. As such, he saw LFE as a means to explore this by generating Core Erlang and plugging it into the backend of the Erlang compiler.
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4024:
5004:
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373:
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138:
86:
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3806:
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58:
4293:
105:
43:
36:
4944:
65:
4737:
4701:
4040:
1091:, and the atom ]. These values are implicitly typed: they are respectively two integers and a Lisp-specific data type called a
3600:
4994:
4061:
4045:
3890:
1058:
In LFE, the list data type is written with its elements separated by whitespace, and surrounded by parentheses. For example,
971:
946:
744:
482:
335:
984:(REPL) for interactive development and testing (unlike Erlang's shell, the LFE REPL supports function and macro definitions)
3837:
981:
408:
4810:
4402:
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4015:
1033:
925:
918:
790:
600:
392:
388:
331:
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315:
254:
156:
72:
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963:
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1002:
952:
381:
209:
160:
54:
4358:
4338:
4323:
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840:
619:
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411:(REPL). LFE is actively supported on all recent releases of Erlang; the oldest version of Erlang supported is R14.
32:
4779:
4411:
4283:
4005:
3879:
3632:
860:
339:
4939:
4696:
4509:
4119:
3852:
3826:
692:
4871:
3697:
3652:
1046:
4514:
4353:
3999:
3964:
3937:
146:
142:
4823:
4525:
4481:
4459:
3981:
3816:
967:
1192:
This section does not represent a complete comparison between Erlang and LFE, but should give a taste.
883:
Robert
Virding has stated that there were several reasons why he started the LFE programming language:
79:
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133:
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1161:
996:
870:
588:
4775:
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4388:
1050:: all code and data are written as expressions. LFE brought homoiconicity to the Erlang VM.
987:
975:
273:
261:
440:
mail list in March 2008. This release of LFE was very limited: it did not handle recursive
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167:
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Initial development of LFE was done with version R12B-0 of Erlang on a Dell XPS laptop.
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evaluates to 42. Unlike functions in Erlang and LFE, arithmetic operators in Lisp are
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4368:
1106:, i.e., a function, operator, or macro. The remainder of the list are the arguments.
1037:
936:
468:
244:
3242:"With no argument, assume 'url parameter was passed via command line."
419:
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to account for Erlang's pattern-matching abilities in anonymous function calls.
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programming languages, Lisps make no or little syntactic distinction between
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Given his prior experience, he was interested in implementing his own Lisp.
3155:"Given one or more command-line arguments, extract the passed values.
1098:
As seen in the example above, LFE expressions are written as lists, using
407:
with Lisp macros and an improved developer experience with a feature-rich
395:). LFE builds on Erlang to provide a Lisp syntax for writing distributed,
4378:
4363:
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820:
774:
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In this example, the value assigned to the arg variable would be a list
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One could then extract it in an LFE program by calling this function:
764:
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540:
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4328:
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3943:
3728:
3299:"Start inets and make (potentially many) HTTP requests."
1114:
The LFE-Erlang operators are used in the same way. The expression
682:
418:
4416:
4114:
3986:
928:
integration: zero-penalty Erlang function calls (and vice versa)
3756:
2536:(<module>:<function> <arg1> ... <argn>)
3158:
For example, if the following was passed via the command line:
15:
3698:"Follow-up to LFE announcement on Erlang Questions mail list"
1995:
or using a ``cons`` literal instead of the constructor form:
403:, non-stop applications. LFE also extends Erlang to support
4622:
MIT Computer
Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
2909:
Message-passing with Erlang's light-weight "processes":
3670:
3668:
3179:
containing the values my-value-1 and my-value-2."
3677:"Hardware used in the development of Erlang and LFE"
999:
separation of namespaces for variables and functions
4895:
4847:
4809:
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4608:
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4502:
4495:
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4162:
4155:
4133:
4014:
3921:
3912:
3903:
3869:
3790:
3633:"LFE History on the Lisp Flavored Erlang mail list"
1086:
1080:
1059:
345:
309:
295:
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186:
176:
166:
152:
132:
436:Virding announced the first release of LFE on the
4531:Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
3679:(Email exchange). Interviewed by Duncan McGreggor
1102:. The first element in the list is the name of a
3721:
3653:"LFE announcement on Erlang Questions mail list"
300:
3013:"Sending message to process ~p ...~n"
1180:, just like Common Lisp. It also, however, has
3675:Armstrong, Joe; Virding, Robert (2013-12-30).
3161:$ erl -my-flag my-value-1 -my-flag my-value-2
3768:
3627:
3625:
3623:
476:
8:
2992:"Received message: '~s'~n"
955:concurrent programming via message passing (
887:He had prior experience programming in Lisp.
118:
4628:Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
4929:
4649:
4564:
4499:
4466:
4159:
3918:
3909:
3794:
3775:
3761:
3753:
1172:Lambda expressions and function definition
1079:is a list whose elements are the integers
945:-style documentation via both source code
483:
469:
461:
117:
1168:), able to take any number of arguments.
1005:inter-operation via JInterface and Erjang
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
2534:Calls to Erlang functions take the form
456:; it also did not support a Lisp shell.
3591:
3368:"Make a single HTTP request."
3167:(let ((args (parse-args 'my-flag)))
670:
5000:Pattern matching programming languages
868:
858:
848:
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828:
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538:
42:Please improve this article by adding
4616:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3132:Multiple simultaneous HTTP requests:
2887:"Answer with compose: ~p~n"
7:
4949:
1344:;; or with LFE literal tuple syntax:
1095:, and need not be declared as such.
1028:Symbolic expressions (S-expressions)
1775:
4633:University of California, Berkeley
4477:Scheme Requests for Implementation
2123:Matching records in function heads
630:ZIL (Zork Implementation Language)
14:
4294:Knowledge Engineering Environment
2866:"Expected answer: ~p~n"
5005:Lisp programming language family
4969:
4968:
4959:
4958:
4948:
4938:
4928:
391:and the Erlang virtual machine (
124:
20:
1524:Or idiomatic functional style:
1036:-oriented language. Unlike non-
55:"LFE" programming language
2562:Using recursion to define the
215:2.1.1 / 6 January 2023
1:
4403:Common Lisp Interface Manager
903:He wanted to experiment with
44:secondary or tertiary sources
3802:Automatic storage management
4051:Game Oriented Assembly Lisp
953:Shared-nothing architecture
192:; 16 years ago
5021:
1776:cons'ing in function heads
866:
856:
846:
836:
826:
544:
4926:
4652:
3880:Common Lisp Object System
3797:
3784:Lisp programming language
2549:"Hello, World!"
816:
806:
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464:Timeline of Lisp dialects
350:
314:
230:
204:
123:
4580:Bolt, Beranek and Newman
4510:Common Lisp the Language
3566:"Result: ~p~n"
3134:
2911:
2707:
2568:
2540:
2471:
2419:
2370:
2253:
2129:
1997:
1882:
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494:
351:Joxa, Concurrent Schemer
3518:"Error: ~p~n"
2530:Erlang interoperability
251:Implementation language
217:; 19 months ago
4515:How to Design Programs
4354:Portable Standard Lisp
4000:Steel Bank Common Lisp
3965:Embeddable Common Lisp
3938:Armed Bear Common Lisp
3817:Higher-order functions
3601:"Lisp Flavored Erlang"
968:higher-order functions
921:virtual machine (BEAM)
433:somewhat problematic.
424:
31:relies excessively on
4995:Programming languages
4824:Shriram Krishnamurthi
4526:Practical Common Lisp
4482:Common Lisp HyperSpec
4006:Symbolics Common Lisp
3982:Macintosh Common Lisp
2705:Composing functions:
1032:Like Lisp, LFE is an
917:A language targeting
422:
4728:Robert Tappan Morris
4682:Robert Bruce Findler
4450:Space-cadet keyboard
3861:Tree data structures
3838:Read–eval–print loop
1413:"Trillian"
1401:"Trillian"
1386:"Trillian"
1335:"Trillian"
1289:"Trillian"
1271:"Trillian"
1250:"Trillian"
1188:Erlang idioms in LFE
1023:Syntax and semantics
1011:abilities with both
982:read–eval–print loop
931:Metaprogramming via
654: ANSI standard
409:read–eval–print loop
378:programming language
358:Lisp Flavored Erlang
4470:Technical standards
3933:Allegro Common Lisp
3748:LFE on Rosetta Code
3097:'messenger-back
2558:Functional paradigm
1419:List comprehensions
992:Hot loading of code
539: LISP 1, 1.5,
491:
287:Filename extensions
187:First appeared
120:
4834:Gerald Jay Sussman
4819:Matthias Felleisen
4771:Richard P. Gabriel
4702:Richard Greenblatt
4677:Matthias Felleisen
3960:Corman Common Lisp
2564:Ackermann function
2364:Receiving messages
462:
425:
376:, general-purpose
4982:
4981:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4910:Robin Popplestone
4829:Guy L. Steele Jr.
4796:Guy L. Steele Jr.
4641:
4640:
4556:
4555:
4424:
4423:
4314:Lisp Machine Lisp
4224:
4223:
4151:
4150:
3899:
3898:
3599:Virding, Robert.
3209:init:get_argument
3100:'print-result
876:
875:
611: R7RS small
589:Lisp Machine Lisp
374:garbage collected
355:
354:
236:Typing discipline
116:
115:
108:
90:
5012:
4972:
4971:
4962:
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4932:
4931:
4776:Philip Greenspun
4748:Richard Stallman
4662:Daniel G. Bobrow
4650:
4565:
4500:
4467:
4389:Operating system
4160:
3919:
3910:
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3725:
3724:
3722:Official website
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1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1402:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1196:Pattern matching
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1018:
1014:
988:Pattern matching
492:
485:
478:
471:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:Erlang Questions
305:
302:
225:
223:
218:
200:
198:
193:
168:Designed by
128:
121:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5009:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4914:
4891:
4887:Cynthia Solomon
4882:Mitchel Resnick
4843:
4805:
4752:
4706:Timothy P. Hart
4667:William Clinger
4657:Edmund Berkeley
4637:
4604:
4552:
4548:ProgramByDesign
4536:
4491:
4461:
4454:
4420:
4383:
4220:
4191:
4147:
4129:
4010:
3971:GNU Common Lisp
3954:CMU Common Lisp
3924:
3905:Implementations
3895:
3865:
3786:
3781:
3738:LFE Quick Start
3720:
3719:
3716:
3711:
3702:
3700:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3673:
3666:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3646:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3630:
3621:
3612:
3610:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3493:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3478:
3475:
3472:
3470:request-options
3469:
3466:
3463:
3460:
3457:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3445:
3442:
3439:
3436:
3434:request-options
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3409:
3406:
3403:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3391:
3388:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3163:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3145:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
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2925:
2922:
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2916:
2913:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
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2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
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2835:
2832:
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2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
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2802:
2799:
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2790:
2787:
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2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2757:
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2751:
2748:
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2742:
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2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
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2709:
2703:
2702:
2699:
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2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
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2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
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2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2560:
2555:
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2548:
2545:
2542:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
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2436:
2433:
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2427:
2424:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
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2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2366:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2301:gen_server:cast
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2120:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1204:
1198:
1190:
1174:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1100:prefix notation
1087:
1081:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1056:
1030:
1025:
1016:
1012:
914:
881:
490:
489:
453:
449:
445:
441:
430:
428:Initial release
417:
405:metaprogramming
299:
226:
221:
219:
216:
196:
194:
191:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
41:
37:primary sources
25:
12:
11:
5:
5018:
5016:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4987:
4986:
4980:
4979:
4927:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4919:
4916:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4877:Seymour Papert
4874:
4869:
4867:Wally Feurzeig
4864:
4862:Denison Bollay
4859:
4853:
4851:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4815:
4813:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4801:Daniel Weinreb
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4773:
4768:
4762:
4760:
4754:
4753:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4712:
4707:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4672:R. Kent Dybvig
4669:
4664:
4659:
4653:
4647:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4619:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4575:Apple Computer
4571:
4569:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4512:
4506:
4504:
4497:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4473:
4471:
4464:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4452:
4447:
4446:
4445:
4434:
4432:
4426:
4425:
4422:
4421:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4400:
4393:
4391:
4385:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4201:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4157:
4156:Unstandardized
4153:
4152:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4145:
4139:
4137:
4131:
4130:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4092:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4077:MIT/GNU Scheme
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4020:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3997:
3992:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3957:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3935:
3929:
3927:
3916:
3907:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3876:
3874:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3812:Dynamic typing
3809:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3757:
3751:
3750:
3745:
3743:LFE User Guide
3740:
3735:
3726:
3715:
3714:External links
3712:
3710:
3709:
3689:
3664:
3644:
3619:
3608:Erlang Factory
3590:
3588:
3585:
3135:
2920:messenger-back
2912:
2906:
2903:
2896:compose-result
2842:compose-result
2708:
2569:
2559:
2556:
2541:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2472:
2420:
2371:
2365:
2362:
2286:'undefined
2254:
2130:
2124:
2121:
1998:
1883:
1783:
1777:
1774:
1690:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1527:
1442:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1297:
1203:
1197:
1194:
1189:
1186:
1173:
1170:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1055:
1052:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1020:
1019:
1006:
1000:
993:
990:
985:
978:
960:
950:
949:and docstrings
940:
929:
922:
913:
910:
909:
908:
901:
898:
891:
888:
880:
877:
874:
873:
867:
864:
863:
857:
854:
853:
847:
844:
843:
837:
834:
833:
827:
824:
823:
817:
814:
813:
807:
804:
803:
797:
794:
793:
787:
781:
778:
777:
771:
768:
767:
761:
758:
757:
751:
748:
747:
741:
738:
737:
731:
728:
727:
721:
718:
717:
711:
708:
707:
701:
698:
697:
695:
689:
686:
685:
679:
676:
675:
669:
666:
665:
659:
656:
655:
652:
646:
643:
642:
636:
633:
632:
626:
623:
622:
616:
613:
612:
609:
606:
603:
597:
594:
593:
591:
585:
582:
581:
579:
573:
570:
569:
567:
561:
558:
557:
555:
549:
546:
545:
543:
536:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
488:
487:
480:
473:
465:
463:
429:
426:
423:Robert Virding
416:
413:
397:fault-tolerant
387:built on Core
353:
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342:
312:
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307:
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297:
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267:Cross-platform
264:
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228:
227:
214:
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210:Stable release
206:
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188:
184:
183:
182:Robert Virding
180:
174:
173:
172:Robert Virding
170:
164:
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154:
150:
149:
139:Multi-paradigm
136:
130:
129:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5017:
5006:
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4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
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4854:
4852:
4850:
4846:
4840:
4839:Julie Sussman
4837:
4835:
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4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
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4817:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4786:David A. Moon
4784:
4781:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4769:
4767:
4766:Scott Fahlman
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4755:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:Steve Russell
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4723:John McCarthy
4721:
4719:
4718:David Luckham
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4687:Matthew Flatt
4685:
4683:
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4561:Organizations
4559:
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4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4091:Pocket Scheme
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
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4044:
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4034:
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4027:
4026:
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4019:
4017:
4013:
4007:
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4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3990:
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3985:
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3881:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3848:S-expressions
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3833:
3832:M-expressions
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3799:
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3778:
3773:
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3766:
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3749:
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3744:
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3730:
3727:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3699:
3693:
3690:
3678:
3671:
3669:
3665:
3654:
3648:
3645:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3592:
3586:
3458:httpc:request
3133:
2910:
2904:
2706:
2567:
2565:
2557:
2539:
2537:
2529:
2524:
2470:
2418:
2369:
2363:
2252:
2128:
2122:
1996:
1881:
1781:
1698:right-number?
1688:
1621:
1615:
1525:
1440:
1424:
1418:
1295:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1093:symbolic atom
1053:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1027:
1022:
1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
994:
991:
989:
986:
983:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
958:
954:
951:
948:
944:
941:
938:
937:homoiconicity
934:
930:
927:
923:
920:
916:
915:
911:
906:
902:
899:
896:
892:
889:
886:
885:
884:
878:
872:
865:
862:
855:
852:
845:
842:
835:
832:
825:
822:
815:
812:
805:
802:
795:
792:
786:
779:
776:
769:
766:
759:
756:
749:
746:
739:
736:
729:
726:
719:
716:
709:
706:
699:
694:
687:
684:
677:
674:
667:
664:
657:
651:
644:
641:
634:
631:
624:
621:
614:
602:
595:
590:
583:
578:
571:
566:
559:
554:
547:
542:
537:
493:
486:
481:
479:
474:
472:
467:
466:
460:
457:
439:
434:
427:
421:
414:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
349:
344:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
310:Influenced by
308:
304:
298:
294:
290:
288:
284:
280:
277:
275:
271:
268:
265:
263:
259:
256:
253:
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246:
242:
239:
237:
233:
229:
213:
211:
207:
203:
189:
185:
181:
179:
175:
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165:
162:
158:
155:
151:
148:
144:
140:
137:
135:
131:
127:
122:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
39:
38:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
4973:
4963:
4953:
4943:
4933:
4905:Rod Burstall
4872:Brian Harvey
4438:Lisp machine
4395:
4308:
4256:
4023:
3914:Standardized
3853:Self-hosting
3834:(deprecated)
3822:Linked lists
3807:Conditionals
3701:. Retrieved
3692:
3681:. Retrieved
3656:. Retrieved
3647:
3636:. Retrieved
3611:. Retrieved
3607:
3594:
3467:http-options
3464:request-data
3425:http-options
3404:request-data
3131:
3064:send-message
3052:print-result
2959:print-result
2944:send-message
2932:print-result
2908:
2704:
2561:
2535:
2533:
2468:
2416:
2367:
2250:
2126:
1994:
1879:
1779:
1686:
1670:right_number
1625:right_number
1619:
1523:
1438:
1422:
1293:
1199:
1191:
1182:lambda-match
1181:
1177:
1175:
1165:
1159:
1113:
1103:
1097:
1092:
1057:
1045:
1041:
1031:
962:Emphasis on
894:
882:
850:
458:
437:
435:
431:
361:
357:
356:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
30:
4857:Hal Abelson
4791:Kent Pitman
4758:Common Lisp
4710:Louis Hodes
4697:Paul Graham
4692:Phyllis Fox
4462:of practice
4443:TI Explorer
4036:Chez Scheme
3886:CommonLoops
3305:inets:start
3221:lists:merge
3121:calling-pid
3112:spawned-pid
3088:spawned-pid
3070:calling-pid
2905:Concurrency
2446:'become
2280:match-state
2262:handle_info
2213:handle_info
2132:handle_info
1042:expressions
972:side-effect
970:instead of
957:Actor model
943:Common Lisp
933:Lisp macros
821:Visual LISP
705:Chez Scheme
650:Common Lisp
608: R6RS
605: R5RS
320:Common Lisp
96:August 2020
4989:Categories
4738:David Park
4733:Joel Moses
4714:Mike Levin
4590:Lucid Inc.
4541:Curriculum
4374:Spice Lisp
4275:Franz Lisp
4265:Emacs Lisp
4125:TinyScheme
3949:Clozure CL
3703:2014-01-17
3683:2014-01-17
3658:2014-01-17
3638:2014-05-28
3613:2014-01-17
3587:References
3548:request-id
3494:request-id
3314:plists:map
3260:parse-args
3143:parse-args
2283:remote-pid
2174:gen_server
2150:remote_pid
1767:'false
1047:statements
1038:homoiconic
1034:expression
785:PLT Scheme
715:Emacs Lisp
673:MIT Scheme
640:Franz Lisp
370:concurrent
366:functional
346:Influenced
222:2023-01-06
147:functional
143:concurrent
66:newspapers
33:references
4780:10th rule
4609:Education
4595:Symbolics
4585:Harlequin
4496:Education
4460:Community
4289:Interlisp
4105:Scheme 48
4082:MultiLisp
4057:GNU Guile
3977:LispWorks
3843:Recursion
3563:io:format
3515:io:format
3287:get-pages
3272:get-pages
3236:get-pages
3010:io:format
2989:io:format
2917:defmodule
2884:io:format
2863:io:format
2682:ackermann
2661:ackermann
2622:ackermann
2577:ackermann
2546:io:format
2337:'ping
2313:'ping
2268:'ping
2156:undefined
1752:'true
1535:lists:map
1450:list-comp
1110:Operators
1017:lfescript
1009:Scripting
964:recursion
939:of a Lisp
924:Seamless
905:compiling
811:GNU Guile
565:Interlisp
401:real-time
291:.lfe .hrl
178:Developer
4975:Category
4965:Category
4568:Business
4430:Hardware
4379:Zetalisp
4364:S-1 Lisp
4349:Picolisp
4239:BBN LISP
4234:AutoLISP
4182:StarLogo
4143:OpenLisp
4099:features
3856:compiler
3791:Features
3383:'get
3356:get-page
3335:get-page
3263:'url
2875:expected
2851:sin-asin
2818:expected
2791:sin-asin
2525:Examples
2368:Erlang:
2127:Erlang:
1780:Erlang:
1620:Erlang:
1562:math:pow
1492:math:pow
1423:Erlang:
1200:Erlang:
1176:LFE has
1162:variadic
1073:'foo
947:comments
935:and the
912:Features
871:Chialisp
775:OpenLisp
735:PicoLisp
725:AutoLISP
134:Paradigm
4955:Commons
4624:(CSAIL)
4600:Xanalys
4521:On Lisp
4344:PC-LISP
4334:newLISP
4319:Maclisp
4279:PC-LISP
4258:history
4244:Clojure
4207:(POP-1)
4187:UCBLogo
4177:NetLogo
4172:MSWLogo
4067:JScheme
4041:Chicken
4025:History
3956:(CMUCL)
3891:Flavors
3873:systems
3479:receive
3416:headers
3392:headers
2968:receive
2848:funcall
2797:compose
2758:funcall
2749:funcall
2716:compose
2513:funcall
2489:receive
2458:funcall
2437:receive
2382:receive
2349:noreply
2322:noreply
2237:noreply
2201:noreply
1529:lfe>
1444:lfe>
1407:lfe>
1347:lfe>
1341:lfe>
1299:lfe>
980:A full
976:looping
974:-based
879:Motives
831:Clojure
801:newLISP
663:Le Lisp
553:Maclisp
450:receive
415:History
399:, soft
385:dialect
364:) is a
336:Clojure
324:Maclisp
296:Website
274:License
241:dynamic
220: (
195: (
80:scholar
4811:Scheme
4646:People
4533:(SICP)
4517:(HTDP)
4412:Genera
4407:McCLIM
4304:LeLisp
4270:EuLisp
4216:POP-11
4205:COWSEL
4135:ISLISP
4095:Racket
4062:Ikarus
4053:(GOAL)
4046:Gambit
4031:Bigloo
4016:Scheme
4002:(SBCL)
3995:Poplog
3991:Movitz
3940:(ABCL)
3923:Common
3882:(CLOS)
3871:Object
3827:Macros
3733:GitHub
3581:))))))
3578:result
3554:result
3530:reason
3506:reason
3461:method
3380:method
3320:lambda
2926:export
2809:asin/1
2806:#'
2800:#'
2734:lambda
2498:become
2388:become
2144:#state
1746:276709
1719:orelse
1658:276709
1616:Guards
1541:lambda
1365:status
1317:status
1220:Status
1178:lambda
997:Lisp-2
926:Erlang
919:Erlang
869:
859:
849:
839:
829:
819:
809:
799:
791:Racket
789:
783:
773:
765:ISLISP
763:
755:EuLisp
753:
745:Gambit
743:
733:
723:
713:
703:
691:
681:
671:
661:
648:
638:
628:
618:
601:Scheme
599:
587:
575:
563:
551:
541:LISP 2
446:binary
442:letrec
389:Erlang
332:Elixir
328:Scheme
316:Erlang
279:Apache
255:Erlang
245:strong
157:Erlang
153:Family
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
4945:Books
4618:(MIT)
4503:Books
4487:X3J13
4369:SKILL
4329:MLisp
4299:*Lisp
4253:Apple
4249:Dylan
4211:POP-2
3973:(GCL)
3967:(ECL)
3944:CLISP
3604:(PDF)
3500:error
3449:false
3437:'
3395:'
3353:defun
3284:defun
3233:defun
3140:defun
3118:tuple
3103:())))
3094:spawn
3061:defun
3040:tuple
2974:tuple
2956:defun
2803:sin/1
2776:check
2773:defun
2713:defun
2700:)))))
2574:defun
2477:defun
2443:tuple
2425:defun
2417:LFE:
2400:->
2379:->
2355:state
2340:state
2328:state
2292:state
2259:defun
2251:LFE:
2243:State
2231:->
2225:State
2207:State
2171:->
2165:State
2114:total
2090:total
2057:total
2051:total
2045:'
2036:defun
2003:defun
1987:total
1963:total
1942:total
1936:total
1930:'
1921:defun
1888:defun
1880:LFE:
1872:Total
1851:->
1845:Total
1833:Total
1830:->
1824:Total
1797:->
1695:defun
1687:LFE:
1679:false
1676:->
1661:->
1574:'
1556:trunc
1486:trunc
1462:'
1456:<-
1439:LFE:
1311:tuple
1294:LFE:
1166:n-ary
1054:Lists
897:like.
683:XLISP
534:2020
531:2015
528:2010
525:2005
522:2000
519:1995
516:1990
513:1985
510:1980
507:1975
504:1970
501:1965
498:1960
495:1958
452:, or
87:JSTOR
73:books
4935:List
4849:Logo
4417:Scsh
4397:List
4164:Logo
4115:SIOD
4087:Pico
4072:Kawa
3987:Mocl
3925:Lisp
3542:http
3488:http
3452:))))
3446:sync
3407:`#(,
3374:let*
3344:urls
3293:urls
3275:urls
3254:urls
3224:data
3212:flag
3200:data
3149:flag
3127:))))
3055:))))
3019:list
2998:list
2899:))))
2893:list
2872:list
2830:asin
2785:let*
2767:))))
2519:))))
2516:func
2504:func
2469:or:
2464:))))
2461:func
2449:func
2403:Func
2394:Func
2307:self
2219:ping
2192:ping
2186:self
2180:cast
2138:ping
2117:))))
1990:))))
1951:cons
1713:when
1664:true
1637:when
1431:>
1356:`#(,
1280:>
1208:>
1164:(or
1104:form
1085:and
1064:list
1044:and
1015:and
1003:Java
966:and
895:look
393:BEAM
382:Lisp
380:and
197:2008
190:2008
161:Lisp
59:news
4897:POP
4359:RPL
4339:NIL
4324:MDL
4309:LFE
4229:Arc
4197:POP
4110:SCM
3731:on
3729:LFE
3545:#(,
3539:`#(
3533:)))
3509:)))
3491:#(,
3485:`#(
3428:())
3410:url
3398:())
3362:url
3278:)))
3266:)))
3248:let
3227:)))
3215:)))
3191:`#(
3185:let
3170:...
3124:msg
3082:let
3073:msg
3043:msg
3034:pid
3022:pid
3001:msg
2980:msg
2977:pid
2950:)))
2857:)))
2854:0.5
2836:)))
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