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390:"Because thou sayest, I am rich, and increased with goods, and have need of nothing; and knowest not that thou art wretched, and miserable, and poor, and blind, and naked: I counsel thee to buy of me gold tried in the fire, that thou mayest be rich; and white raiment, that thou mayest be clothed, and that the shame of thy nakedness do not appear; and anoint thine eyes with eyesalve, that thou mayest see." (KJV).
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260:, who might also be from Laodicea (4:17), and he instructs the Colossians to exchange his letter with one he has written to the Laodiceans (4:16). If the Colossian epistle is genuinely by Paul, then this would indicate a Christian presence in Laodicea as early as the 50s CE. It would also indicate that Laodicea (like
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idea apparently being that Jesus either wants the readers to be either zealous (“hot”) for him or completely uncommitted (“cold”), but not middle-of-the-road. A middle-of-the-road stance was thought to pollute the pure representation of the faith and create misconceptions about the church and its ideals.
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The reference to the "white raiment" may refer to the cloth trade of
Laodicea. The city was known for its black wool that was produced in the area. The reference to eye medication is again often thought to reflect the historical situation of Laodicea. According to Strabo (12.8.20) there was a medical
394:
The words attributed to the
Laodiceans may mark an ironic over-confidence in regard to spiritual wealth; they are unable to recognize their bankruptcy. However, the image may also be drawing on the perceived worldly wealth of the city. The city was a place of great finance and banking. In 60 A.D. the
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The traditional view has been that the
Laodiceans were being criticized for their neutrality or lack of zeal (hence "lukewarm"). One problem with this is that Christ's desire that they be either “cold or hot” implies that both extremes are positive. The traditional view saw “cold” as a negative, the
466:. Commentators have also suggested that Revelation 3:20 is the only New Testament reference to the Song of Solomon in the Old Testament, linking this verse with Song of Solomon 5:2. Various papyri, such as "POxy 3693", include invitations to attend a dinner with gods such as
631:
G. K. Beale, The Book of
Revelation: A Commentary on the Greek Text, New International Greek Testament Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI; Carlisle, Cumbria: W.B. Eerdmans; Paternoster Press, 1999), 303.
349:"I know thy works, that thou art neither cold nor hot: I would thou wert cold or hot. So then because thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spue thee out of my mouth." (
381:). The imagery of the Laodicean aqueduct suggests not that "hot" is good and "cold" is bad, but that both hot and cold water are useful, whereas lukewarm water is emetic.
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However, a more recent interpretation has suggested that this metaphor has been drawn from the water supply of the city, which was lukewarm, in contrast to the
640:
Robert H. Mounce, The Book of
Revelation, The New International Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1997), 109.
283:
This reference to a letter which the
Colossians were to obtain "from Laodicea" has created a puzzle which has not yet received a generally accepted solution.
279:"And when this epistle hath been read among you, cause that it be read also in the church of the Laodiceans; and that ye also read the epistle from Laodicea."
429:"Behold, I stand at the door, and knock: if any man hear my voice, and open the door, I will come in to him, and will sup with him, and he with me."
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76:
470:, but these are issued by specified individuals to feasts at a temple of a god and do not suggest the visitation of the home by the divinity.
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No general agreement currently exists as to whether the letter is extant under another name or was lost prior to the formation of the canon.
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that probably carried water from hot mineral springs some five miles south, which would have become tepid before entering the city (see
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In John's vision, recorded in the Book of
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340:. The message to Laodicea is one of judgment with a call to repentance. The oracle contains a number of metaphors.
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school in the city, where a famous ophthalmologist practiced. The city also lies within the boundaries of ancient
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it is actually one of the other canonical epistles, such at the Letter to
Philemon or the Epistle to the Hebrews
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Commentators variously view it as a metaphor of intimate fellowship, and/or a reference to the eschatological
403:, from where an ingredient of eye-lotions, the so-called "Phrygian powder", was supposed to have originated.
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city was hit by a major earthquake. The city refused help from the Roman Empire and rebuilt the city itself.
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12:35–38. The door in the painting has no handle, and can therefore be opened only from the inside.
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This is among the most famous images of the
Revelation, and is the subject of the famous painting
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of Christ. The theme of divine invitations to eat are found both in the New
Testament (e.g., the
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Gordon D. Fee, Revelation, New Covenant Commentary Series (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2011), 58.
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The Christian community in Laodicea seems to have been closely connected with that of nearby
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inspired by Rev 3:20's metaphor of Christ knocking at the door of the Laodicean Church.
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has had some supporters at times, but modern scholars now regard it as a forgery
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Charles P. Anderson, "Laodiceans, Epistle to the," ed. David Noel Freedman,
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663:"Laodicea, Turkey | Lycus River Valley | Colosse, Hierapolis"
562:(Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1996), 672.
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590:, "Saint Paul’s Epistles to the Colossians and to Philemon", 8th ed.,
146:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
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The Laodicean Church in the Revelation of John (Revelation 3:14–22)
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the wording of Col 4:16 indicates that the letter was not written
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and the church at their house (Col 4:15). He additionally greets
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in Laodicea, A.D. c. 363–64, although the date is disputed. The
545:(2 Vols.) (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1916–1918), 684.
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M. J. S. Rudwick, Hemer C. J., "Laodicea," ed. D. R. W. Wood
264:) was not evangelized by Paul, but possibly by his disciple
344:"I wish that you were cold or hot" (Revelation 3:15–16)
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248:(Col. 2:1; 4:13,15,16). In writing to the Colossians,
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Laodicea on the Lycus § Christianity at Laodicea
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Pre-Raphaelitism and the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood
252:sends greetings to them through a Laodicean named
594:(London; New York: Macmillan and Co., 1886), 276.
443:. It bears similarities to a saying of Jesus in
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592:Classic Commentaries on the Greek New Testament
541:James Strahan, "Laodicea," ed. James Hastings,
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711:Word Biblical Commentary, Dallas Texas, 1997.
617:Matthew Henry's Commentary on the Whole Bible
373:. The archaeology shows that Laodicea had an
200:community established in the ancient city of
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311:heretics changed the title of the canonical
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
286:Various alternatives have been suggested:
180:Learn how and when to remove this message
162:Learn how and when to remove this message
690:, London: Macmillan, 1905, vol. 1 p. 350
607:(New York: Doubleday, 1992), p. 231-233.
500:. The city remains a titular see of the
79:: vague phrasing that often accompanies
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16:Early Christian community in Asia Minor
665:. Biblelandhistory.com. Archived from
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290:the epistle in question has been lost
216:). The church was established in the
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496:of this council, making these canon
543:Dictionary of the Apostolic Church
385:"Poor, blind, and naked" (3:17–18)
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721:Edinburgh, 1957 (reprinted 2001).
578:(New York: Doubleday, 1992), 231.
275:In Colossians 4:16, Paul states:
34:This article has multiple issues.
605:The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary
576:The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary
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42:or discuss these issues on the
719:Letters to the Seven Churches,
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369:and the cold, pure waters of
214:early centers of Christianity
460:Parable of the Wedding Feast
142:the claims made and adding
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91:Such statements should be
319:Epistle to the Laodiceans
246:epistle to the Colossians
224:addressed by name in the
474:Later Christian Laodicea
407:"Behold, I stand" (3:20)
313:epistle to the Ephesians
232:References in Colossians
588:Joseph Barber Lightfoot
619:, Revelation chapter 3
518:Christianity in Turkey
506:Laodicensis in Phrygia
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36:Please help
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709:Revelation,
705:Aune, David
441:Holman Hunt
363:hot springs
270:Col 4:12–13
87:information
730:Categories
673:2013-11-07
524:References
498:ecumenical
367:Hierapolis
365:at nearby
338:Asia Minor
309:Marcionite
305:Tertullian
136:improve it
39:improve it
529:Citations
462:) and in
418:painting
258:Archippus
208:, in the
198:Christian
140:verifying
75:contains
45:talk page
512:See also
456:parousia
375:aqueduct
371:Colossae
301:Laodicea
266:Epaphras
262:Colossae
238:Colossae
202:Laodicea
486:Council
468:Sarapis
401:Phrygia
254:Nymphas
134:Please
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81:biased
556:et al
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206:Lycus
449:Luke
445:Mark
299:from
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351:KJV
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244:'s
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