273:
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heirs at law or beneficiaries per the last will, automatically receive an equitable interest in the property. When an executor or administrator qualifies, that person acquires the legal title, subject to divestment when the estate has been administered so as to allow for the lawful passing of the legal title to those having an equitable interest. The resulting merger of the legal and equitable gives rise to the "perfect title", often referred to as marketable title.
186:
926:
1423:
Indian tribes was nevertheless recognized. That right, sometimes called Indian Title and good against all but the sovereign, could be terminated only by sovereign act. Once the United States was organized and the
Constitution adopted, these tribal rights to Indian lands became the exclusive province of the federal law. Indian title, recognized to be only a right of occupancy, was extinguishable only by the United States.
2831:
84:
43:
914:, where another maintains legal title to the property. In the United States, legal titles are those that were recognized by the law courts in England. Equitable titles were those recognized by the English chancery courts. Both of these concepts were adopted by the various states upon their creation except, possibly, those based upon European
875:
For example, suppose A steals from B something that B had previously bought in good faith from C and that C had earlier stolen from D and that had been an heirloom of D's family for generations but had originally been stolen centuries earlier (though this fact is now forgotten by all) from E. Here A
977:, and some types of intangible property. When such documents are used, they are often part of a registration system whereby ownership of such property can be verified. In some cases, a title can also serve as a permanent legal record of condemnation of property, such as in the case of an automobile
946:
is actual ownership of the property as when the property has been bought, the seller paid in full and a deed or title is properly recorded. Equitable title separates from legal title upon the death of the legal title holder (owner). For example: When a person having legal title to property dies,
1422:
It very early became accepted doctrine in this Court that although fee title to lands occupied by
Indians when the colonists arrived became vested in the sovereign – first the discovering European nation and later the original states and the United States – a right of occupancy in the
1069:
items do not have a formal document of title. For such items, possession is the simplest indication of title, unless the circumstances give rise to suspicion about the possessor's ownership of the item. Proof of legal acquisition, such as a bill of sale or purchase receipt, is contributory. The
884:
right of possession (being the best claim that can be proven), and the heirs of E, if they knew it, would have the right of property, which they however could not prove. A good title consists of the combination of these three (possession, right of possession, and right of property) in the same
2321:
1053:
all competing to get ownership to the house or land. Technical problems with title include misspellings, outstanding debt, unrecorded transactions, and any irregularity that might indicate a break in the chain of ownership. Each of the
997:
are routine (or highly recommended) for purchases of many types of expensive property (especially real estate). In several counties and municipalities in the US a standard title search (generally accompanied by
933:
When a contract for the sale of land is executed, equitable passes to the seller to the buyer. When the conditions on the sale contract have been met, legal title passes to the buyer in what is known as
1411:
942:, the terms "purchaser" and "vendor" are used. Properties that are sold on the basis of equitable title have a legal chain of title intact, and a recorded transfer with the local municipality.
2662:
1403:
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through public records and provides assurance of good title, reimbursing the insured if a dispute over the title arises. In the case of vehicle ownership, a simple
1020:. This concept is inherently a relative one. Paramount title is not always the best (or highest) title, since it is necessarily based on some other person's title.
866:
is the legitimacy of possession (with or without actual possession), evidence for which is such that the law will uphold it unless a better claim is proven. The
1497:
The "purchaser" and "vendor", in relation to a land transaction, are ... the person acquiring and the person disposing of the subject-matter of the transaction
922:. Most states have merged the law and equity courts into a single court system, although there may still be law and chancery divisions in some of the systems.
2239:
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of the document (transfer of title to the property) may be required in order to transfer ownership in the property to another person. Title is distinct from
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1736:
1849:
1106:, this renders uncertain the circumstances that allowed the said development to occur, and may result in the resources invested going to waste.
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1645: 17 Nov 2021) ("A forged deed is a nullity and conveys no title. All transactions subsequent to the alleged sale are likewise void.").
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is that right which, if all relevant facts are known (and allowed), defeats all other claims. Each of these may be in a different person.
1791:, 617 (California Supr. 1952) ("...we hold that the alien land law is invalid as in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.").
2430:
2073:
682:
1657:"Exclusive: Homeowners sa isang subdivision sa Cavite, nangangamba sa banta ng demolisyon kahit fully-paid na ang kanilang mga bahay"
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248:
230:
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101:
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56:
1699:"PAG-IBIG Fund, patuloy na umaapela sa kumpanyang umaangkin sa lupang kinatitirikan ng Viva Homes Subdivision sa Dasmariñas Cavite"
1363:
of land in the United States, although sales of real estate by non-resident aliens are subject to certain special taxation rules.
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The
American Bar Association guide to home ownership: the complete and easy guide to all the law every home owner should know
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The extinguishing of ancient, forgotten, or unasserted claims, such as E's in the example above, was the original purpose of
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94:
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377:
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844:). In many cases, possession and title may each be transferred independently of the other. For real property,
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reserved title in land to the
Indians, subject to alienation only by the Crown. This continued to be the
1377:
Prior to the establishment of the United States, title to Indian lands in lands controlled by
Britain in
816:. The rights in the bundle may be separated and held by different parties. It may also refer to a formal
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1980:
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989:, the legal instrument used to transfer title from one person or entity to another is via the
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that often accompanies ownership but is not necessarily sufficient to prove it (for example
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698:
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311:
141:
1534:
1510:"Trusts and Estates – What is the difference between legal title and equitable title?"
929:
Assignment of Legal Title to Stocks represented by
Standard Oil Trust, issued 17. July 1897
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with paramount title has the higher (or better, or "superior") right in an action to
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Appearance rights, often subjected to local zoning ordinances and deed restrictions
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994:
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264:
1801:
1161:, evidence of title is typically established through title reports written up by
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is the actual holding of a thing, whether or not one has any right to do so. The
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2514:
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2005:
1902:
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was governed by the Royal
Proclamation of October 7, 1763. This proclamation by
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to the land they customarily claimed and occupied. It was first recognized in
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In some U.S. states, water rights are completely separate from land—see
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In the United States, Indian title is the subservient title held by
1033:, such as competing claims or rights to real property, for example,
1332:
Development rights to erect improvements under various restrictions
2613:
2209:
924:
837:
1535:"Answers – The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions"
1074:
purchaser will normally convey title if no document is required.
1186:
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821:
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337:
1831:
1705:(in Tagalog). Diliman, Quezon City: People's Television Network
2586:
1444:
954:. In a trust, one person may own the legal title, such as the
880:
right of possession (as evidenced by the purchase), D has the
755:
179:
77:
36:
1117:
of a title led to the establishment of the Viva Homes Estate
1002:) is required under the law as a part of ownership transfer.
993:. A famous rule is that a thief cannot convey good title, so
195:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1827:
892:. Otherwise, title to property would always be uncertain.
30:"Ownership right" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1012:
available for the true owner. The person who is owner of
958:. Another person may own the equitable title such as the
2663:
The Origin of the Family, Private
Property and the State
1749:
3 Things You Should Know About
Preliminary Title Reports
1102:
from another party. If a suit is resolved in favor of a
204:
1431:
The usual method of extinguishing Indian title was by
1628:
1626:
812:
in which a party may own either a legal interest or
2622:
2424:
2304:
2190:
2039:
1996:
1941:
1865:
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1141:, making residents who have invested decades into
1208:The main rights in the title bundle are usually:
1205:document may be issued by a governmental agency.
1197:premiums, the title insurance company conducts a
969:system, documents of title are commonly used for
1802:"Virtual Law Office: Royal Proclamation of 1763"
1359:in 1952. Currently there are no restrictions on
1294:to neighboring property, for utility lines, etc.
852:provide public notice of ownership information.
1263:may be separated further, examples including:
1173:) as determined by the recorded public record
1843:
1177:; the title report will also show applicable
777:
193:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1165:companies, which show the history of title (
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2194:
1850:
1836:
1828:
804:is an intangible construct representing a
784:
770:
260:
950:Legal and equitable title also arises in
910:is the right to obtain full ownership of
249:Learn how and when to remove this message
231:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
1425:Oneida Indian Nation v. County of Oneida
1029:action is a lawsuit to resolve with any
1476:
706:
608:
565:
528:
461:
385:
319:
288:
263:
1098:property may occur while its title is
1460:Phase I Environmental Site Assessment
1394:Native Americans in the United States
358:Lost, mislaid, and abandoned property
7:
1340:Prohibitions on acquisition of title
106:adding citations to reliable sources
1389:following the American Revolution.
1723:American Bar Association. (1995).
965:In countries with a sophisticated
25:
1575:"Enotes: West's Law Encyclopedia"
1553:"Enotes: West's Law Encyclopedia"
52:This article has multiple issues.
2830:
2829:
1784:Sei Fujii v. State of California
1697:Talacay, Noel (August 6, 2023).
1465:Manufacturer statement of origin
1282:prior appropriation water rights
1058:have different procedures for a
271:
184:
82:
41:
1655:Talacay, Noel (July 15, 2023).
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
2395:Right of way (property access)
27:Bundle of rights to a property
1:
876:has the possession, B has an
824:, that serves as evidence of
665:Lateral and subjacent support
2860:Gaeilge:Teideal (réadmhaoin)
1597:"Legal Dictionary – Law.com"
1070:transfer of possession to a
896:Equitable versus legal title
632:Practicing without a license
2701:Two Treatises of Government
1673:People's Television Network
1427:, 414 U.S. 661, 667 (1974).
1355:until the law was declared
1078:Application by jurisdiction
207:, discuss the issue on the
2895:
1762:"What is a Title Company?"
1370:
558:Doctrine of worthier title
29:
2825:
2197:
1347:prevented aliens (mainly
689:Conflict of property laws
545:Rule against perpetuities
2753:The Great Transformation
2111:Labor theory of property
1601:Law.com Legal Dictionary
1351:) from holding title to
2322:Forest-dwelling (India)
2284:restraint on alienation
2064:Common good (economics)
1766:Benchmark Title Company
1634:Paxton v. Virata et al.
1133:, has turned an entire
1119:residential subdivision
1111:Paxton v. Virata et al.
890:statutes of limitations
540:Restraint on alienation
2761:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
2535:Primitive accumulation
2390:Right of way (transit)
2175:Tragedy of the commons
2057:fictitious commodities
1429:
930:
567:Nonpossessory interest
2814:The Wealth of Nations
2794:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
2786:The Ethics of Liberty
1420:
1145:titles worried about
1008:is the best title in
928:
516:Action to quiet title
117:"Title" property
32:Right to own property
2677:Progress and Poverty
2011:Common-pool resource
1789:242 P.2d 718
1713:– via YouTube.
511:Equitable conversion
213:create a new article
205:improve this article
102:improve this article
2800:The Social Contract
2488:population transfer
2405:prior-appropriation
2084:homestead principle
1806:www.bloorstreet.com
1399:Johnson v. McIntosh
1139:informal settlement
863:right of possession
808:in (to) a piece of
653:prior appropriation
601:Equitable servitude
2780:Murray N. Rothbard
2091:Free-rider problem
1821:Douglas Roger Nash
1772:on April 10, 2013.
1703:Ulat Bayan Weekend
1661:Ulat Bayan Weekend
1619:quiet title action
1487:. 10 July 2003. 43
1193:. In exchange for
1060:quiet title action
931:
814:equitable interest
683:Quicquid plantatur
491:Deeds registration
333:Adverse possession
302:Community property
2879:Legal terminology
2856:
2855:
2767:What Is Property?
2560:human trafficking
2545:Regulatory taking
2420:
2419:
2165:Right to property
1735:, 9780812925357.
1361:foreign ownership
1167:property abstract
1159:United States law
1067:personal property
985:. In the case of
940:England and Wales
869:right of property
846:land registration
794:
793:
434:Concurrent estate
417:Defeasible estate
297:Personal property
259:
258:
251:
241:
240:
233:
215:, as appropriate.
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177:
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75:
16:(Redirected from
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2833:
2832:
2737:John Stuart Mill
2657:Friedrich Engels
2638:Frédéric Bastiat
2631:
2483:Forced migration
2451:Collectivization
2195:
2074:First possession
2047:Bundle of rights
1852:
1845:
1838:
1829:
1822:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1798:
1792:
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1780:
1774:
1773:
1768:. Archived from
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1740:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
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1639: G.R. 248066
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1587:
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1581:. Archived from
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1565:
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1559:. Archived from
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1531:
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1524:
1522:
1520:
1506:
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1494:
1492:
1485:Finance Act 2003
1481:
1373:Aboriginal title
1367:Aboriginal title
1357:unconstitutional
967:private property
806:bundle of rights
786:
779:
772:
753:Higher category:
699:Security deposit
496:Estoppel by deed
439:Leasehold estate
312:Unowned property
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21:
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2821:
2625:
2624:
2618:
2568:husband-selling
2505:Illegal logging
2500:Illegal fishing
2429:
2416:
2327:Freedom to roam
2300:
2213:(agrarian land)
2186:
2143:Property rights
2035:
1992:
1954:Estate (landed)
1937:
1861:
1856:
1826:
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1817:
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1383:King George III
1375:
1369:
1342:
1304:in improvements
1272:riparian rights
1236:, including by
1163:title insurance
1155:
1135:gated community
1085:
1080:
1006:Paramount title
1000:title insurance
907:equitable title
898:
790:
751:
638:Property rights
636:
484:
422:Future interest
410:
387:Estates in land
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5:
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2685:Garrett Hardin
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2456:Eminent domain
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2439:Bioprospecting
2435:
2433:
2431:redistribution
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2133:Natural rights
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1585:on 2006-11-21.
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1065:However, most
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1751:. ZillowBlog.
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1613:For example,
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1261:real property
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1100:under dispute
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119: –
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113:Find sources:
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91:This article
89:
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65:
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58:
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38:
33:
19:
2874:Property law
2858:
2841:Property law
2812:
2798:
2784:
2765:
2751:
2747:Karl Polanyi
2727:
2723:Marcel Mauss
2713:
2699:
2690:David Harvey
2675:
2671:Henry George
2661:
2652:Ronald Coase
2642:
2627:
2573:wife selling
2555:bride buying
2493:repatriation
2475:
2426:Disposession
2380:
2293:
2269:Property law
2244:
2240:Forest types
2210:
2202:
2191:Applications
2121:rent-seeking
2106:Gift economy
1964:Intellectual
1814:
1805:
1796:
1783:
1778:
1770:the original
1765:
1756:
1744:
1724:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1702:
1692:
1682:– via
1676:. Retrieved
1660:
1650:
1633:
1609:
1600:
1591:
1583:the original
1578:
1569:
1561:the original
1556:
1547:
1538:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1513:
1504:
1496:
1489:. Retrieved
1479:
1430:
1424:
1421:
1418: (1823).
1397:
1391:
1376:
1343:
1270:, including
1268:Water rights
1258:
1207:
1199:title search
1179:encumbrances
1156:
1113:, wherein a
1110:
1109:The case of
1108:
1086:
1064:
1059:
1051:lien holders
1024:
1022:
1005:
1004:
964:
949:
943:
935:
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887:
881:
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874:
867:
861:
855:
854:
820:, such as a
801:
798:property law
795:
752:
742:Criminal law
719:Contract law
681:
674:
648:Water rights
551:
486:Strata title
472:
463:Conveyancing
444:Condominiums
280:Part of the
265:Property law
245:
227:
218:
194:
164:
155:
145:
138:
131:
124:
112:
100:Please help
95:verification
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
2715:Das Kapital
2602:progressive
2592:inheritance
2515:Land reform
2289:real estate
2264:Land tenure
2252:Inheritance
2180:anticommons
2116:Law of rent
2096:Game theory
2026:Information
2006:Common land
1903:Cooperative
1737:Ch.3 sample
1669:Quezon City
1643:Phil. Supr.
1539:Answers.com
1514:quizlaw.com
1491:6 September
1455:Land tenure
1229:Acquisition
1131:Philippines
1096:real estate
1092:subdivision
1088:Development
1083:Philippines
1026:quiet title
1018:quiet title
987:real estate
971:real estate
960:beneficiary
944:Legal title
885:person(s).
454:Land tenure
449:Real estate
412:Life estate
320:Acquisition
2868:Categories
2846:by country
2808:Adam Smith
2695:John Locke
2359:indigenous
2354:aboriginal
2274:alienation
1969:indigenous
1959:Intangible
1873:Collective
1733:0812925351
1615:California
1579:enotes.com
1557:enotes.com
1471:References
1345:California
1328:Air rights
1234:Conveyance
1218:Exclusive
1214:possession
1212:Exclusive
1147:demolition
1123:Dasmariñas
1072:good faith
1047:remainders
1010:fee simple
918:, such as
902:common law
857:Possession
834:possession
830:Conveyance
760:Common law
709:common law
670:Assignment
530:Future use
401:Fee simple
378:Alienation
282:common law
128:newspapers
57:improve it
18:Land title
2709:Karl Marx
2510:Land Back
2461:Enclosure
2444:biopiracy
2382:Bergregal
2364:squatting
2138:Ownership
2052:Commodity
2031:Knowledge
1942:By nature
1898:Customary
1888:Community
1254:Partition
1224:enclosure
1195:insurance
1191:covenants
1183:easements
1129:, in the
1104:plaintiff
1043:reverters
920:Louisiana
916:Civil Law
850:recording
842:squatting
826:ownership
694:Blackacre
627:Partition
475:purchaser
473:Bona fide
427:remainder
353:Accession
348:Discovery
209:talk page
63:talk page
2836:Property
2729:The Gift
2628:key work
2623:Scholars
2607:property
2564:spousal
2530:Poaching
2466:Eviction
2410:riparian
2371:Littoral
2279:easement
2257:executor
2228:literary
2153:usufruct
2101:Georgism
1981:Tangible
1976:Personal
1883:Communal
1866:By owner
1859:Property
1519:28 March
1439:See also
1292:Easement
1244:easement
1181:such as
956:trustees
912:property
882:absolute
878:apparent
818:document
810:property
747:Evidence
724:Tort law
676:Nemo dat
658:riparian
617:Fixtures
596:Covenant
591:Usufruct
581:Easement
550:Rule in
506:Mortgage
406:Fee tail
368:Bailment
343:Conquest
221:May 2024
203:You may
2644:The Law
2550:Slavery
2376:Mineral
2344:Hunting
2337:pannage
2332:Grazing
2317:Fishing
2203:Acequia
2170:Rivalry
2158:women's
2016:Digital
1998:Commons
1933:Unowned
1908:Private
1709:July 2,
1684:YouTube
1678:July 2,
1665:Diliman
1298:Tenancy
1242:Access
1238:bequest
1115:forgery
1039:tenants
936:closing
737:estates
532:control
521:Escheat
373:License
142:scholar
2525:Piracy
2477:Farhud
2305:Rights
2246:Huerta
2218:Estate
2040:Theory
2021:Global
1923:Social
1913:Public
1878:Common
1787:,
1731:
1641: (
1637:,
1433:treaty
1414:)
1402:,
1349:Asians
1302:tenure
1127:Cavite
733:trusts
707:Other
586:Profit
284:series
144:
137:
130:
123:
115:
2614:Theft
2400:Water
2294:title
2223:legal
2211:Ejido
1949:Croft
1928:State
1893:Crown
1412:Wheat
1406:
1189:, or
1187:liens
1175:deeds
952:trust
938:. In
838:right
802:title
729:Wills
711:areas
622:Waste
289:Types
211:, or
149:JSTOR
135:books
2597:poll
2580:wage
2349:Land
2233:real
1986:real
1918:Self
1729:ISBN
1711:2024
1680:2024
1521:2010
1493:2024
1408:U.S.
1353:land
1274:and
1222:and
1169:and
1090:and
1049:and
991:deed
979:junk
848:and
836:, a
822:deed
758:and
735:and
576:Lien
338:Deed
328:Gift
121:news
2587:Tax
2312:Air
1450:Feu
1445:Fee
1416:543
1410:(8
1300:or
1220:use
1157:In
1137:an
1121:in
1094:of
981:or
900:At
796:In
756:Law
104:by
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