321:, the French aviation pioneer was instrumental in developing landsailing as a sport. It was viewed as an alternative sport when strong winds would have made flying in early aircraft too dangerous. Bleriot's landsailers were first tried on the Buc airstrip (SW of Paris). Bleriot machines gave their best on Channel and North Sea wide and windy beaches at low tide (Calais, Hardelot, La Panne, Quend, Audresselles etc.). The Blériot firm coined the name "aéroplage" (plage is the French for beach) and even registered it as a trademark. The first races were held on the beaches of Belgium and France in 1909. Land yachts were also used in the late 19th century and early 20th century to transport goods on dry lakes in America.
606:"Miniyachts" are small land yachts which are aimed at the leisure market, however, any type of land yacht can be raced and the identical nature of these yachts make them ideal fun racers due to their similar size and sail area. This style of yacht uses a traditional style land yacht rig with a smaller chassis and body where the pilot is able to sit in a conventional way and control the sail with a simple main sheet. These are the smallest, cheapest and lightest yachts available and are tremendously safe and easy to sail with basic instruction. Miniyachts' popularity is increasing rapidly and they are now being built by enthusiasts around the world.
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617:, UK X-sails, Potty, windbob and Spanish designs like Rinox and WinDreamer together with French and German miniyachts like those from the manufacturers Libre, Airtrack, Plume and Seagull all fall into this category and are small, fast and manoeuvrable and therefore able to be sailed in small urban areas. The hand steering versions allow disabled people to use them and compete with able-bodied competitors.
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types, or "classes", of land yachts. Because of the very different nature of each class, they compete separately in races. The largest class of yachts are known as Class 2, which may have masts as large as 8 metres (26 ft). The massive sail area provides significant power, although the speed of Class 2 yachts can sometimes be limited by their large size. These are sailed mainly in continental
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693:, France, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, Sweden Italy, Ireland, Chile, Denmark, US, Australia and the UK. 2012 saw the World Championships being held in Cherreuix, Brittany, France, near the world heritage site Mont Saint Michel. The event catered for all FISLY classes, and 350 competitors participated over the eight days. 2013 Europeans were held in St Peter Ording Germany.
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adjustable downhaul and modification of the sail battens to alter the shape of the sail. Blokarts have four standard sail sizes, 2.0m, 3.0m, 4.0m and 5.5m, with sail size choice being dependent on wind strength and weight of the sailor, with heavier sailors requiring larger sails, and smaller sails being more efficient in stronger winds.
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The basic definition of a miniyacht is "Any assembled land or sand yacht that fits inside a continuous loop of rope 5.6 m long is a miniyacht". Some designs of mini yachts can be dismantled and carried in the trunk of a car. They can be sailed equally well by small children and large adults and have
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or parakarting, differ from other classes in that the sail is replaced with a large traction kite, usually flown on 20–40 m quad lines. The buggies are also considerably smaller and more maneuverable. This relatively new class of the sport is still undergoing rapid development but has become popular
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Racing yachts speed up to 120 km/h (the world speed record is 202.9 km/h (126.1 mph), set by
Richard Jenkins in 2009, breaking the previous record of 188 km/h (116.7 mph) set in 2001 by Bob Schumacher, US). Even at very low winds, racing yachts ride at up to three times the
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board. These are also called Speed Sail (A registered trademark by
Norbert Blanc, a French inventor who made successful adaptation of a windsurfer sail on an enlarged skateboard, with special wheels and improved axles, in the wake of the 1980' windsurfing craze) and are fully recognised by FISLY as
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The "Standart" Class is unique in that it is the only recognised international monotype sand yacht with all yachts being identical. Similar to Class 5 in shape and function, they must follow a special design supplied by the French manufacturer
Seagull. This class is widely popular because it means
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In July 2014, the FISLY Landyachting World
Championships were organised by the North American Land Sailing Associations (NALSA) and its President Dennis Bassano on the remote dry lake of Smith Creek in Central Nevada. Over 400 people from 16 countries spent a week based on the remote lake bed at
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Blokart racing is held on purpose built tracks, airport runways, parking areas as well as beaches and dry lake beds. Blokart race events are held around the world, with major events such as New
Zealand Open, European Open, British Open, Australian Open, and the North American Open held annually.
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In the US, annual competitions are held by local clubs and by NALSA, the North
American Landsailing Association. The largest regatta is regularly held the last week of March on the playa at the California-Nevada border near Primm, Nevada. The classes sailed in the US include several one-design
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The international governing body for the sport of land and sandyachting was formed in 1962. The
Federation International de Sand et Land Yachting (FISLY) has member countries from around the world and has divided the sporting side of the activity into various classes. There are a number of basic
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Blokarts are raced in two classes – production and performance, and in various weight divisions. The production class is based on the basic blokart design. In the performance class additional parts from the manufacturer are allowed such as carbon fibre mast sections and an aerodynamic shell,
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endurance or cruising: the 24-hour distance record is 623 km by New
Zealander Peter Foulkes, where long distances are covered in trips lasting several days : Transat des Sables and Gobi Kite Buggy Challenge, or the Mad way south Sahara challenge, a 2200 km attempt to cross the
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National landyacht associations are united in the international landyacht federation called FISLY. This organisation sets up the racing rules. Every few years, world championships are organised. There are also many local races and competitions every week and annual
European and Pacific Rim
368:. Due to the harsh conditions, the idea of racing was abandoned, though at the time three young American boatbuilders, Larry Pardey, Richard Arthur and Warren Zeibarth (Captain, Pardey), were leading the race, with scores double those of any other team. The story made the cover of
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in recent years due to its portability, relative low cost and flexibility. Kite buggying also uniquely offers the pilot the possibility of getting real air time as buggies are sometimes launched into the air by the traction kite. Class 8 activities are generally grouped under:
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Racing yachts are divided in four classes by FISLY: Class 5 and Class
Standart have a tubular steel or aluminium frame and mast with a glassfiber seats. The bigger Class 3 and Class 2 yachts have a lightweight glassfiber hull and wing-shaped mast and (mostly) a wooden rear
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featured land yachts in season 7, episode 3 "Sand Yacht". Two teams, each led by an expert land yachtsman, constructed small yachts from parts available in a junkyard. The team that won used an aluminium sail, supposedly the first time a metal sail was used for a land
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The Class 3 is probably the most popular of the large yacht designs, almost identical to the Class 2 in appearance, but significantly smaller. Class 3 yachts are generally made from fiberglass, sometimes in combination with other high-tech lightweight materials, such as
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Land yacht competitors are spread over all continents: from the vast beaches of Western Europe, Ireland and the UK, New Zealand and Brazil, dry-lake surfaces in the US, Argentina, Australia and Africa to frozen lakes in Canada and Scandinavia (using skates instead of
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After devoting 10 years to the project, British engineer Richard Jenkins broke the land speed record for a wind-powered craft. Jenkins's vehicle, the Ecotricity Greenbird, clocked in at 126.1 mph on March 26, 2009. This was done just south of Las Vegas, Nevada.
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6300 ft, where many of the "legends" of the sport including the current world speed record holder Richard Jenkins had gathered. Double Olympic gold medal sailor Shirley Robertson participated in the championship, accompanied by a film crew from the CNN
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St Peter Ording was the venue for the 2009 European Championships. De Panne in Belgium hosted the 2010 World Championships. The 2011 European Championships were held in Hoylake on the Wirral peninsula near Liverpool. Attendees included local politicians
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regions. Modern land sailors, generally known as "pilots", can go three to four times faster than the wind speed. A gust of wind is considered more beneficial in a land sailing race than a favorable windshift. A similar sport, known as
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One of the largest international events in the sport are the European championships, in which competitors of all classes from all over Europe travel to a sand yachting venue for a week-long competition. The Wirral Sand Yacht Club, on
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Blokart World Championships have been held biennially since the inaugural event at the home of Blokart in Papamoa, New Zealand in 2008. The Blokart Worlds event has been since held in Ostend, Belgium;
556:, with a fibreglass or carbon–Kevlar seat. Class 5 yachts are capable of reaching speeds up to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h), and some have been faster, closer to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h).
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classes, international class 5 (5 m² class in the US), and open classes solely based on the sail/wing area. The European yachts sail with the appropriate US open class according to their sail area.
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In the 19th century, "windwagons" were occasionally used for transport across the American great plains. Rail-running sail cars were also used in South America. One such sailcar existed on the
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The Class 5 is much smaller than the 2 and 3, and has a very different shape. The pilot still sails the yacht lying down, but unlike the 2 and 3, he lies in a seat that is suspended from or
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wind speed, reaching easily 70 km/h. Due to the lightweight and aerodynamic build, racing yachts boost to top speed in about 5 seconds. Turning markers are usually taken at full speed.
191:(r. 552–554 AD). He wrote that Gaocang Wushu invented a "wind-driven carriage" which was able to carry thirty people at once. There was another built in about 610 for the
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beach, hosted the event in September 2007. Rada Tilly hosted the World Championship XI in February 2008, an event that was first developed in Argentina and in South America.
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racing, using large kites and very large and heavy buggies: the current speed record is 135.34 km/h (84.10 mph) by Brian Holgate on the 6th March 2012 at dry
918:" is about a sea captain who traveled across Kansas in a wind-propelled covered wagon fitted with a sail. This tale was adapted into the Disney animated short
232:(1527–1598), there are large Chinese carriages depicted with sails and masts. Likewise, there are the same Chinese vehicles with sails depicted in the
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While Class 2, 3, and 5 yachts must meet certain strict guidelines, the specifications are flexible to an extent That allows individualism and development.
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Blokart racing is a sport administered by the International Blokart Racing Association (IBRA), who sanction events and set the international racing rules.
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the added advantage of going on grass as well as sand or concrete. These yachts are popular in Europe, America, Australia, New Zealand, UK and Ireland.
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The "Zephyr" landsailing rover, a concept for a wind-propelled rover on the surface of Venus. Image from NASA John Glenn Research Center, for the
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features a so-called 'wind-wagon' which carries the protagonists across the sea of grass, a large plain filled with razor sharp head-height grass.
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Terminus arrives in Passamaquoddy driving a sail-powered wagon because his horses were stolen by the inhabitants of the previous town he visited.
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150:, which combines land sailing with bicycling and can therefore also be used in everyday traffic because it does not fully depend on wind.
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There are also a range of small miniyachts able to be packed into a case and carried in a car or as luggage on a plane. The New Zealand
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with a speed of 126.1 mph (202.9 km/h). Wind speeds were fluctuating between 30–50 mph (48–80 km/h) at that time.
955:'s short story "A Wind is Rising" (1957), the natives of the extremely windy planet Carella use land ships as a common travel method.
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is placed on an Earth-like planet covered by a sea of grass. The plot involves wheeled sailing ships and dangerously mobile islands.
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537:, or various composites, with a wooden rear axle. They are capable of reaching speeds up to 70 miles per hour (113 km/h).
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Promoting international competition, there are periodic regattas including FISLY and other landsailing nations, mostly on the
252:(1608–1674) exemplified western interest in the Chinese sailing carriage when he mentioned it in a metaphor in his epic
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the outcome of a competition rests entirely with the pilot, as the yacht itself cannot provide an advantage or disadvantage.
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European travelers from the 16th century onwards mentioned sailing carriages with surprise. In 1585, during the Chinese
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and using French-designed and built machines for the most part, sailed 1,700 miles (2,700 km) through Algeria,
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The previous record of 116 mph (187 km/h) was set by American Bob Schumacher on March 20, 1999 piloting
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721:. The host and venue of this regatta rotates, and the 2009 event was to be hosted by NALSA at the March regatta.
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1663:: The British Land Speedsail Association (UK national governing body for Blokart sailing and land speedsailing)
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wrote that the Chinese had many coaches and wagons mounted with sails, and even depicted them in artwork of
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823:. Cussler later had his character, Juan Cabrillo, jury-rig a para-skiing apparatus for land-sailing in his
962:, Jane Buxton, her guide Sabri and her butler Chambellan travel across the Oriental desert in a land yacht
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748:, California, US; and Perth, Australia. In 2018 the Worlds event was held in Binissalem, Mallorca, Spain.
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1678:. Iron Duck Project featuring Bob Dill, Bob Schumacher, Richard Jenkins, and Stefan Dalberg. Nov 3, 2022
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vehicle designed and engineered by American Bob Dill in Burlington, Vermont. Both records were set on
689:, the Head of the International Governing body for Sandyachting, and some of the 150 competitors from
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featured land yachts in season 2, episode 4. One team created a dual-sail yacht, but failed to win.
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freestyle where smaller, lighter machines perform freestyle tricks such as airs, spins, wheelies,
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Hoffenberg, H. L. (1982). Nineteenth-century South America in photographs. New York: Dover Publ.
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it is "an ambitious proposal to develop a rover that works with Venus's topography and winds.
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in November 1967. A reenactment of this event took place three years later and was filmed by
305:. It was used by Prince Maurice for entertaining his guests. In 1898, the Dumont brothers of
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The precursor to the modern land yacht was invented in the summer of the year 1600 by the
1464:"XI Campeonato Mundial de Carrovelismo 2008 en Rada Tilly -Chubut (Patagonia Argentina )"
892:, The Urpneys used a land yacht twice, in 'Trouble with the Miners' and 'The Jolly Bird.'
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The world land speed record for a wind-powered vehicle was broken on 11 December 2022 by
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In recent decades, land sailing has evolved into a sport, shown here on the beaches of
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1383:"Peter Foulkes & Daniel Spiegel - 24hr Land Kite World Distance Records Broken"
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Reina, Giulio (2018). "Modelling and handling dynamics of a wind-driven vehicle".
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Blokart sailing is coordinated by the North American Blokart Sailing Association.
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Federation Internationale Sand and Land Yachting (international governing body)
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A previous attempt at the record by Britons Dale Vince and Richard Jenkins at
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in their carbon-neutral vehicle, Greenbird, failed on 12 September 2008.
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117:. Land sailing works best in windy flat areas, and races often happen on
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http://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/home/feature_windsurfing.html
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and relatively rigid (full-batten) sails, has been used since 1960.
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International Federation for Sand and Land Yachting - Press Release
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part of sand yacht clubs, they are also sailed for fun and hobby.
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Sand sailing is featured as a means of desert transportation in
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International Radio Control Surface Sailing Association - for
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BBC News - September 2008 - Wind power speed record bid fails
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Land-Sailing Venus Rover With NASA Inventor Geoffrey Landis
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Land-Sailing Venus Rover With NASA Inventor Geoffrey Landis
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Continuation of the New Discourses on the Talk of the Times
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A history of sailing in the US can be found at Nalsa.org.
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The earliest text describing the Chinese use of mounting
30:"Land yacht" redirects here. For large automobiles, see
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proposed that a sail could be used for propulsion of a
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BBC News - March 2009 - Wind-powered car breaks record
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1563:"What’s Next for NASA? 10 Wild Newly Funded Projects"
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and not sailed at all in some countries such as the
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with a speed of 222.43 km/h (138.21 mph).
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904:The American reality-television competition series
431:In 2017, Landis's work was the subject of the book
1619:Mini class land yacht plans and construction notes
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1478:"Official website of the world championships 2010"
895:The British reality-television competition series
1259:World Book, Chicago 2017. Retrieved Dec. 7, 2017.
1231:"Book spotlights scientist's work on Venus rover"
701:programme who produced a TV record of the event.
1513:International Blokart Racing Association (IBRA)
1293:"Freaky Speeder Rides the Wind to World Record"
1032:"The State of Dirtboating in the US and Beyond"
348:officer organized a land yacht race across the
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1427:Freaky Speeder Rides the Wind to World Record
8:
1614:. Vol. 4 part 2 Mechanical Engineering.
1317:Wunderground weather history near Nipton, CA
240:(1512–1594), as well as the 1626 book
1565:August 14, 2012 (accessed 1 September 2012)
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1667:North American Blokart Sailing Association
1583:. New York, N.Y.: Facts on File. pp.
1502:North American Blokart Sailing Association
1215:"How Much Do We Really Know About Venus?"
1098:. Wellingborough: Stephens. p. 195.
865:Land sailing is featured in book three,
195:(r. 604–617), as described in the
1237:, Nov. 17 2017. Retrieved Dec, 7, 2017.
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329:The modern land yacht, a three-wheeled
352:. Teams from 7 countries assembled at
93:Vehicles used in sailing are known as
7:
1649:modeling of both RC land yachts and
860:NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts
570:with a sail, much like a land-borne
41:An early 20th-century sail wagon in
1438:"Sand yacht championships to start"
1126:Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 274-276.
1397:"Gobi desert kite buggy adventure"
854:A landsailing rover on the planet
183:written by the Daoist scholar and
167:Carriage with sail in China, 1599.
83:, it has evolved primarily into a
27:Wind-powered ground transportation
25:
1612:Science and Civilisation in China
1579:Encyclopedia of American Folklore
879:, the first part of Stephenson's
458:It was previously held by Briton
398:NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts
63:, entails overland travel with a
1158:from the original on 6 July 2017
660:European and world championships
75:on water. Originally, a form of
1140:Needham, Volume 4, Part 2, 276.
768:Around the World in Eighty Days
1095:China : land of discovery
802:into Oz by use of a sand ship.
566:Class 7 yachts are built like
512:Class 3 competition land yacht
181:Book of the Golden Hall Master
1:
1599:Windwagon (legendary) disney.
1198:Windsurfing on a Wicked World
1092:Temple, Robert K. G. (1986).
1071:10.1080/00423114.2018.1479529
862:program as a technology study
420:or other planets (NASA image
337:and metal cart, often with a
1365:"kite powered speed records"
805:Land sailing is featured in
228:written by the cartographer
1150:Kansas Historical Society.
920:The Saga of Windwagon Smith
146:. Another variation is the
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1220:September 18, 2013 4:32 PM
848:Avatar: The Last Airbender
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187:Xiao Yi, who later became
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1010:Wind-powered land vehicle
449:Emirates Team New Zealand
179:on large vehicles is the
138:, is practiced on frozen
1610:Needham, Joseph (1965).
1575:Watts, Linda S. (2007).
1535:The Blokart Worlds event
1186:Histoire du char Ă voile
958:In the episodes 8 and 9
914:The American tall tale "
851:, in episodes 30 and 31.
303:Prince Maurice of Orange
281:Land yachts designed by
1548:(accessed 10 July 2013)
1059:Vehicle System Dynamics
960:Secret of Cerulean Sand
836:Blokarting featured in
765:Part of the journey in
226:Theatrum Orbis Terrarum
1631:Kent Land Yacht Center
777:is done by sailsleigh.
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451:with Australian Pilot
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313:sailboats used on the
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267:Santa Catarina, Brazil
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578:Class 8 land yachts:
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366:capital of Mauritania
346:French Foreign Legion
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258:, published in 1667.
221:vessels. In the 1584
189:Emperor Yuan of Liang
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40:
1656:Kent Land Yacht Club
1403:. 24 September 2004.
858:was selected by the
382:Landsailing on Venus
301:as a commission for
263:Dona Teresa Cristina
1444:. 16 September 2007
1005:Whike sailing cycle
898:Scrapheap Challenge
839:The Amazing Race 13
376:National Geographic
371:National Geographic
248:. The English poet
208:Gonzales de Mendoza
193:Emperor Yang of Sui
1850:Chinese inventions
1806:Human-lifting kite
1745:Vehicle propulsion
1229:Heilman, Richard,
1218:Popular Mechanics,
946:Philip José Farmer
819:, and also in its
760:In popular culture
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426:Popular Mechanics,
410:Geoffrey A. Landis
402:
287:
169:
46:
43:Brooklyn, New York
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1793:Kite applications
1594:978-0-8160-5699-6
1257:978-0-7166-6160-3
1030:Bassano, Dennis.
941:The Green Odyssey
494:Western Australia
485:, United States.
424:). According to
400:("NIAC") project.
242:Kingdome of China
238:Gerardus Mercator
90:since the 1950s.
16:(Redirected from
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1000:Land windsurfing
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230:Abraham Ortelius
159:Sailing carriage
51:, also known as
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871:Neal Stephenson
842:, in episode 4.
821:film adaptation
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1291:Borroz, Tony.
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735:Main article:
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1758:Sailing ship
1730:Wind turbine
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1446:. Retrieved
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1301:. Retrieved
1296:
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1234:
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1213:Darren Orf,
1209:
1192:
1181:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1145:
1122:
1094:
1087:
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1040:. Retrieved
1035:
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995:Kiteboarding
985:Ice yachting
971:quack doctor
939:
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887:
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825:Oregon Files
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780:In the 1909
772:
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675:Esther McVey
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635:Bay of Somme
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589:Ivanpah Lake
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542:cantilevered
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531:carbon fibre
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443:Speed record
439:publishing.
432:
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295:Simon Stevin
288:
283:Simon Stevin
273:Early yachts
265:Railroad in
260:
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241:
233:
225:
204:Ming Dynasty
201:
196:
185:crown prince
180:
170:
136:ice yachting
102:
98:
94:
92:
60:
56:
52:
49:Land sailing
48:
47:
1824:Windcatcher
1816:Air current
1714:wind energy
1672:"Iron Duck"
1448:23 December
1042:19 November
933:Dan Simmons
876:Quicksilver
774:Jules Verne
719:Pacific Rim
621:Competition
572:windsurfing
568:skateboards
490:Lake Lefroy
453:Glenn Ashby
344:In 1967, a
250:John Milton
219:earthenware
103:land yachts
99:sand yachts
95:sail wagons
61:dirtboating
1839:Categories
1783:Rotor ship
1763:Power kite
1722:Wind power
1369:Peter Lynn
1303:2009-04-07
1202:NASA image
1017:References
938:The novel
925:The novel
798:cross the
792:Shaggy Man
782:Land of Oz
437:World Book
408:scientist
335:fibreglass
315:Nile River
293:scientist
246:John Speed
81:recreation
18:Land yacht
1735:Wind mill
1491:Nalsa.org
1425:wired.com
1342:BBC.co.uk
1297:Autotopia
1079:117266618
873:'s novel
867:Odalisque
811:Dirk Pitt
691:Argentina
637:, France.
591:, Nevada.
554:aluminium
471:Iron Duck
464:Greenbird
404:In 2012,
339:wing-mast
331:polyester
123:airfields
67:-powered
32:landyacht
1768:SkySails
1753:Sailboat
1661:The BLSA
1651:iceboats
1442:BBC News
1156:Archived
1114:13796876
978:See also
928:Hyperion
699:Mainsail
643:wheels).
544:off the
311:Egyptian
307:De Panne
299:Flanders
113:or hand
107:sailboat
1845:Sailing
1773:Iceboat
1676:YouTube
1299:. Wired
1200:. See
1038:. NALSA
827:novel,
813:novel,
746:Ivanpah
737:Blokart
667:Hoylake
615:Blokart
602:desert.
546:chassis
510:Belgian
500:Classes
358:Algeria
291:Flemish
285:in 1600
154:History
119:beaches
73:sailing
69:vehicle
1643:IRCSSA
1591:
1587:–358.
1255:
1196:NASA,
1162:7 July
1112:
1102:
1077:
911:yacht.
816:Sahara
794:, and
687:Wirral
598:, etc.
535:Kevlar
519:Europe
483:Nevada
144:rivers
131:desert
125:, and
115:levers
111:pedals
85:racing
1637:FISLY
1524:rules
1075:S2CID
869:, of
856:Venus
784:book
683:Mayor
651:axle.
631:Quend
550:steel
479:Primm
477:near
418:Venus
414:rover
234:Atlas
223:atlas
215:hanfu
177:sails
173:masts
148:Whike
140:lakes
101:, or
88:sport
1801:Kite
1589:ISBN
1450:2007
1253:ISBN
1164:2017
1110:OCLC
1100:ISBN
1044:2018
677:and
552:and
422:here
406:NASA
212:silk
175:and
142:and
65:sail
1585:357
1401:BBC
1067:doi
965:In
951:In
944:by
931:by
886:In
809:'s
771:of
685:of
492:in
416:on
356:in
297:in
244:by
236:of
129:in
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59:or
1841::
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1597:.
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1399:.
1367:.
1295:.
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1154:.
1131:^
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1073:.
1063:57
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1069::
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922:.
883:.
833:.
333:/
34:.
20:)
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