221:, France. Unlike its German counterparts, it uses many French loanwords, and is recognized as a separate language rather than a German dialect. The formalization of regional German dialects into national languages arose from the desire to impress a distinct national identity, not associated with the German state. In Switzerland, written German was maintained, albeit with some differences in vocabulary, differing strongly from the spoken Swiss-German speech which the average German cannot understand. In Luxembourg, the dialect was phonetically transcribed into a new language, and while Luxembourgish and a mix of other languages is spoken on the street, French is often the main language spoken next to German and sometimes Luxembourgish in shops or other commercial sites.
281:
181:
91:
335:
Luxembourgish is taught at pre-primary level, there is an introductory program in French since 2017/18. When
Luxembourgish children are first taught to read and write in public schools, it is in German. The language of instruction in public primary school is German. Moreover, Luxembourgish is taught
319:, despite French only being an official, and not national, language. This might be due to the fact that Francophonie as an organization seeks to promote the use of the French language around the world, rather than regulate it, and thus includes many members that are not French-speaking, such as
131:
Upon the founding of the country, French enjoyed the greatest prestige, and therefore gained preferential use as the official and administrative language. German was used in the political field to comment on the laws and the ordinances in order to make them comprehensible to everyone. At the
260:
Until 1984, the official use of the languages was based on the grand-ducal decrees of 1830, 1832 and 1834, which allowed the free choice between German and French. French was preferred in the administration. Luxembourgish had no official status at all.
268:, made Luxembourgish the national language. Furthermore, this law recognizes the three languages of Luxembourg (Luxembourgish, French and German) as administrative languages. French remains the language of legislation, due to the application of the
127:
does not specify them as being "official". As of 2018, 98% of the population was able to speak French at more or less a high level (usually as a second language), 78% spoke German, and 77% Luxembourgish (which is the most common native language).
302:(Council for German Orthography). The government of Luxembourg unilaterally adopted the reform and, due to its efficiency, it is well-accepted by the country's teachers. According to the Grand Duchy's largest newspaper, the
132:
primary-school level, teaching was limited to German, while French was taught in secondary education. The law of 26 July 1843 reinforced bilingualism by introducing the teaching of French in primary school.
2707:
1527:
2296:
240:. Until the 1980s, the language had been used mainly for poetry and drama but has since become increasingly popular for fiction which now represents a significant contribution to
802:
2702:
1031:
380:
Foreign-born people and guest workers make up almost half (47%) of the population of
Luxembourg. The most common languages spoken by them, other than German and French, are
2263:
1021:
1520:
372:
German and French are the primary languages for public service information. German is the main language of the written press and for recording police case files.
316:
1864:
1053:
217:, was introduced in primary school in 1912. It is similar to Mosel-Frankish dialects like the dialects in Germany bordering Luxembourg, and the dialects in
945:
2717:
2289:
1513:
1461:
1219:
285:
144:
spread over the traditional
Germano-Romance language border. The population comprised roughly equal numbers of Romance- and Germanic-speakers. Later,
2349:
2592:
1254:
1063:
264:
The constitutional revision of 1984 gave the legislature the power to regulate the language by law. On
February 24, 1984, a law, passed by the
2227:
1366:
1085:
1290:
312:) and thus had no right to take part in the council. Despite this, Luxembourg takes part in the annual meetings of German-speaking countries.
2282:
1259:
996:
865:
623:
750:
1922:
1204:
395:
In addition to
Luxembourgish, French, and German; English is frequently an acceptable language for use in and with government services.
298:
820:
806:
336:
only one hour per week at secondary school and only in the first years. In secondary school, besides German, French and
Luxembourgish,
1214:
1048:
2562:
2419:
1857:
1058:
293:
2497:
2739:
2648:
2532:
2409:
1441:
1361:
1325:
1300:
1192:
1006:
364:
makes it possible for
Luxembourgish students to continue their higher education in French, German or English-speaking countries.
265:
647:
2577:
2404:
2258:
2129:
1942:
1229:
1134:
938:
2744:
2444:
2429:
2217:
1967:
1451:
1436:
1344:
1209:
2612:
2617:
2537:
403:
The following tables list the percentage of inhabitants who are able to speak a language natively or as a second language.
2434:
2389:
2384:
2364:
2354:
2339:
2329:
2324:
2139:
580:
2658:
2627:
2517:
724:
2622:
2607:
2582:
2557:
2547:
2454:
2424:
2399:
2369:
2232:
2184:
2054:
2049:
1850:
1826:
1798:
1391:
1315:
1166:
1124:
172:
and hence native French-speaking areas, so that nowadays, the dialectal foundation of the country is only
Germanophone.
157:
2673:
123:, established in law in 1984. These three languages are also referred to as the three administrative languages, as the
2552:
2512:
2487:
2449:
2414:
2394:
1154:
1115:
1105:
1036:
2663:
2683:
2668:
2602:
168:, language policy changed in favor of German while French was maintained. Further, by 1839, Luxembourg had lost its
2572:
2507:
2502:
2492:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2189:
2014:
1613:
1386:
1356:
1305:
1026:
931:
124:
2678:
2567:
2542:
2527:
776:
2712:
2653:
2194:
2156:
1320:
1285:
1239:
2439:
2114:
1197:
1043:
241:
2084:
2044:
2004:
1907:
1330:
1224:
1090:
1073:
1016:
1001:
226:
292:
Despite having German as one of its official languages, Luxembourg, which was not involved in devising the
2222:
2019:
1561:
1446:
1381:
1244:
1234:
1180:
1100:
145:
120:
2334:
2242:
2174:
2144:
2099:
2094:
2069:
1927:
1808:
1777:
1736:
1660:
1480:
1419:
1401:
1273:
1095:
963:
2212:
2522:
2374:
2359:
2134:
2124:
2074:
2034:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1972:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1932:
1917:
1912:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1821:
1793:
1708:
1414:
986:
218:
153:
71:
308:, Luxembourg does not perceive itself as a "German-speaking country" (the only national language is
2697:
2637:
2379:
2344:
2237:
2179:
2119:
2109:
2089:
2079:
2064:
2059:
2039:
2009:
1977:
1962:
1937:
1873:
1803:
1722:
1631:
1605:
1489:
1456:
1431:
981:
976:
381:
149:
141:
55:
2149:
2104:
2029:
1999:
1692:
1673:
1554:
1424:
1249:
1139:
900:
876:
630:
185:
165:
280:
754:
2305:
1568:
1494:
1011:
971:
676:
140:
German-French bilingualism dates back at least to the 12th century, when the territory of the
26:
1729:
1699:
1652:
1638:
389:
385:
349:
345:
337:
304:
59:
51:
46:
1743:
1666:
1645:
1618:
1110:
361:
269:
210:
116:
112:
78:
39:
35:
2314:
1757:
1750:
1624:
1548:
1409:
1144:
245:
214:
605:
224:
The first printed sentences in
Luxembourgish appeared in 1821 in a weekly journal the
2733:
1767:
1584:
1376:
907:
585:
309:
231:
192:
66:
31:
1505:
725:"Etats et gouvernements membres de l'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie"
1591:
1577:
249:
180:
111:
is characterized by the practice and the recognition of three official languages:
1715:
202:
2274:
248:
developed a lexical database of 185,000 word forms for the first
Luxembourgish
1772:
1686:
1681:
954:
728:
108:
1598:
1310:
1149:
1161:
991:
753:(in French). Organisation internationale de la Francophonie. Archived from
781:
Site du ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de l'Enfance et de la Jeunesse
1129:
169:
1537:
1295:
606:"House of Representatives: German sign language unanimously recognised"
320:
206:
161:
1842:
923:
324:
85:
252:, thus launching the computerization of the Luxembourgish language.
90:
847:
699:
341:
279:
179:
156:
and French rule favored the use of French. Also after 1815, under
2278:
1846:
1509:
927:
673:
Deutsche Sprachgeschichte vom Spätmittelalter bis zur Gegenwart
2708:
Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
230:. The first book in Luxembourgish was released in 1829 by
624:"SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 386 Europeans and their Languages"
586:
Claims of Luxembourgish being an endangered language
276:
Participation in German and French language councils
2703:
European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
2636:
2591:
2463:
2313:
2251:
2203:
2165:
1880:
1786:
1400:
1343:
1272:
1179:
1072:
962:
700:"14. Treffen deutschsprachiger Länder in Luxemburg"
235:
196:
98:
77:
65:
45:
25:
20:
803:"The use of languages in Luxembourg - Luxembourg"
315:Luxembourg does however fully participate in the
848:"Guichet.lu - Administrative Guide - Luxembourg"
244:. Between 2000 and 2002, Luxembourgish linguist
1799:Langue des signes Francophone de Belgique, LSFB
648:"What languages do people speak in Luxembourg?"
356:where most subjects are taught in French after
160:, French was preferred to counter expansion of
2290:
1858:
1521:
1054:Orders, decorations, and medals of Luxembourg
939:
8:
288:written in French, Luxembourgish and German
2718:Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights
2297:
2283:
2275:
1865:
1851:
1843:
1528:
1514:
1506:
1349:
1278:
1185:
1078:
946:
932:
924:
296:, is merely a non-voting observer in the
489:
405:
597:
17:
237:E' Schrek ob de' Lezeburger Parnassus
188:in Luxembourgish, French, and German.
7:
821:"Recensement De La Population 2011"
777:"Langues Ă l'Ă©cole luxembourgeoise"
14:
2264:Sovereign Military Order of Malta
1291:Belgium–Luxembourg Economic Union
294:German orthography reform of 1996
299:Rat fĂĽr deutsche Rechtschreibung
89:
901:"Europeans and their Languages"
689:Luxemburger Wort, 9 August 2004
629:. ec.europa.eu. Archived from
368:Press, police, public services
1:
1794:Deutsche Gebärdensprache, DGS
783:(in French and Luxembourgish)
581:Multilingualism in Luxembourg
1827:Languages of the Netherlands
1804:Nederlandse Gebarentaal, NGT
158:William I of the Netherlands
119:, and the national language
107:The linguistic situation in
1155:Valley of the Seven Castles
866:"Special Eurobarometer 386"
751:"77 États et gouvernements"
360:. At the university level,
2761:
1536:Languages and dialects of
675:(in German). Vol. 3.
671:von Polenz, Peter (2000).
136:History of language policy
2713:European Day of Languages
2692:
1817:
1544:
1474:
1352:
1281:
1188:
1081:
1809:Vlaamse Gebarentaal, VGT
1086:Administrative divisions
242:Luxembourgish literature
2740:Languages of Luxembourg
1832:Languages of Luxembourg
1017:Second Treaty of London
706:(in German). 2017-09-27
256:Constitutional revision
227:Luxemburger Wochenblatt
21:Languages of Luxembourg
2498:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1923:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1002:First Treaty of London
828:Statistiques.public.lu
340:is taught. Optionally
289:
236:
197:
189:
2745:Culture of Luxembourg
2649:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
1215:Consultative Assembly
1205:Council of Government
283:
270:Napoleonic civil code
183:
164:. However, after the
2593:States with limited
1874:Languages of Europe
1822:Languages of Belgium
1667:Standard High German
1462:World Heritage Sites
1049:Military occupations
987:Austrian Netherlands
757:on 30 September 2013
652:luxembourg.public.lu
79:Keyboard layout
72:German Sign Language
2698:Languages of Europe
2166:States with limited
1452:RTL Télé Lëtzebuerg
1220:Diplomatic missions
1193:Chamber of Deputies
982:Spanish Netherlands
977:House of Luxembourg
679:. pp. 118–119.
266:Chamber of Deputies
142:Duchy of Luxembourg
2306:Minority languages
1693:Northern Low Saxon
1326:Telecommunications
1301:Electricity sector
1140:Luxembourg plateau
1135:Little Switzerland
997:Belgian Revolution
290:
209:region similar to
190:
186:Schengen Agreement
166:Belgian Revolution
2727:
2726:
2642:other territories
2272:
2271:
1840:
1839:
1503:
1502:
1470:
1469:
1339:
1338:
1268:
1267:
1255:Political parties
1230:Foreign relations
1175:
1174:
1012:Luxembourg Crisis
972:Celtic Luxembourg
852:guichet.public.lu
731:on April 16, 2009
677:Walter de Gruyter
572:
571:
488:
487:
105:
104:
2752:
2613:Nagorno-Karabakh
2299:
2292:
2285:
2276:
2204:Dependencies and
2140:Northern Ireland
1881:Sovereign states
1867:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1760:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1711:
1702:
1695:
1676:
1669:
1655:
1648:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1608:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1571:
1564:
1557:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1507:
1483:
1447:Radio Luxembourg
1437:National symbols
1350:
1279:
1210:Council of State
1186:
1079:
1027:Second World War
948:
941:
934:
925:
918:
917:
915:
914:
905:
897:
891:
890:
888:
887:
881:
875:. Archived from
870:
862:
856:
855:
844:
838:
837:
835:
834:
825:
817:
811:
810:
805:. Archived from
799:
793:
792:
790:
788:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
747:
741:
740:
738:
736:
727:. Archived from
721:
715:
714:
712:
711:
696:
690:
687:
681:
680:
668:
662:
661:
659:
658:
644:
638:
637:
635:
628:
620:
614:
613:
602:
533:Second language
513:Native language
490:
449:Second language
429:Native language
406:
305:Luxemburger Wort
239:
205:language of the
200:
184:Memorial to the
93:
18:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2730:
2729:
2728:
2723:
2722:
2688:
2641:
2632:
2618:Northern Cyprus
2594:
2587:
2538:North Macedonia
2466:European states
2465:
2459:
2316:
2309:
2303:
2273:
2268:
2247:
2205:
2199:
2185:Northern Cyprus
2167:
2161:
2055:North Macedonia
1876:
1871:
1841:
1836:
1813:
1782:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1707:
1698:
1691:
1672:
1665:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1604:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1540:
1534:
1504:
1499:
1486:
1479:
1466:
1396:
1335:
1264:
1198:Current members
1171:
1111:Luxembourg City
1068:
1064:Railway history
1022:First World War
1007:1848 Revolution
958:
952:
922:
921:
912:
910:
903:
899:
898:
894:
885:
883:
879:
868:
864:
863:
859:
854:. 3 April 2024.
846:
845:
841:
832:
830:
823:
819:
818:
814:
801:
800:
796:
786:
784:
775:
774:
770:
760:
758:
749:
748:
744:
734:
732:
723:
722:
718:
709:
707:
704:BRF Nachrichten
698:
697:
693:
688:
684:
670:
669:
665:
656:
654:
646:
645:
641:
633:
626:
622:
621:
617:
604:
603:
599:
594:
577:
401:
378:
376:Other languages
370:
362:multilingualism
354:Lycée Classique
333:
286:2015 referendum
284:Ballot for the
278:
272:in Luxembourg.
258:
178:
138:
94:
88:
12:
11:
5:
2758:
2756:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2732:
2731:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2694:
2693:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2645:
2643:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2578:United Kingdom
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2469:
2467:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:Czech Republic
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2311:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2279:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2259:European Union
2255:
2253:
2252:Other entities
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2206:other entities
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2130:United Kingdom
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1943:Czech Republic
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1862:
1855:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1790:
1788:
1787:Sign languages
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1747:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1628:
1625:Belgian French
1616:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1558:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1525:
1518:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1484:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1392:Social welfare
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1321:Stock Exchange
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1262:
1260:Prime Minister
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1201:
1200:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1145:Moselle Valley
1142:
1137:
1127:
1125:Extreme points
1122:
1121:
1120:
1119:
1118:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1059:Jewish history
1056:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
968:
966:
960:
959:
957: articles
953:
951:
950:
943:
936:
928:
920:
919:
892:
857:
839:
812:
809:on 2015-05-20.
794:
768:
742:
716:
691:
682:
663:
639:
636:on 2016-01-06.
615:
596:
595:
593:
590:
589:
588:
583:
576:
573:
570:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
550:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
530:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
510:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
486:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
466:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
446:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
426:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
400:
397:
377:
374:
369:
366:
332:
329:
277:
274:
257:
254:
246:Jerome Lulling
198:LĂ«tzebuergesch
177:
174:
137:
134:
103:
102:
100:
96:
95:
83:
81:
75:
74:
69:
63:
62:
49:
43:
42:
29:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2757:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2659:Faroe Islands
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2644:
2639:
2635:
2629:
2628:South Ossetia
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2518:Liechtenstein
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2307:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2288:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:Faroe Islands
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2190:South Ossetia
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2015:Liechtenstein
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1816:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1768:Luxembourgish
1766:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1738:
1737:Stellingwarfs
1734:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1607:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1585:Kleverlandish
1582:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:Central Dutch
1559:
1556:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1526:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1508:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
969:
967:
965:
961:
956:
949:
944:
942:
937:
935:
930:
929:
926:
909:
908:Eurobarometer
902:
896:
893:
882:on 2016-01-06
878:
874:
867:
861:
858:
853:
849:
843:
840:
829:
822:
816:
813:
808:
804:
798:
795:
782:
778:
772:
769:
756:
752:
746:
743:
730:
726:
720:
717:
705:
701:
695:
692:
686:
683:
678:
674:
667:
664:
653:
649:
643:
640:
632:
625:
619:
616:
611:
607:
601:
598:
591:
587:
584:
582:
579:
578:
574:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
551:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
531:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
511:
507:
504:
501:
498:
496:Luxembourgish
495:
492:
491:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
467:
463:
460:
457:
454:
451:
448:
447:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
427:
423:
420:
417:
414:
412:Luxembourgish
411:
408:
407:
404:
398:
396:
393:
391:
387:
383:
375:
373:
367:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
330:
328:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
310:Luxembourgish
307:
306:
301:
300:
295:
287:
282:
275:
273:
271:
267:
262:
255:
253:
251:
247:
243:
238:
233:
232:Antoine Meyer
229:
228:
222:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
199:
194:
193:Luxembourgish
187:
182:
176:Luxembourgish
175:
173:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
135:
133:
129:
126:
122:
121:Luxembourgish
118:
114:
110:
101:
97:
92:
87:
82:
80:
76:
73:
70:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
50:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
32:Luxembourgish
30:
28:
24:
19:
16:
2638:Dependencies
2623:Transnistria
2583:Vatican City
2195:Transnistria
2157:Vatican City
2024:
1831:
1778:West Frisian
1592:West Flemish
1578:East Flemish
1387:Social class
1371:
1357:Demographics
911:. Retrieved
895:
884:. Retrieved
877:the original
873:Ec.europa.eu
872:
860:
851:
842:
831:. Retrieved
827:
815:
807:the original
797:
785:. Retrieved
780:
771:
759:. Retrieved
755:the original
745:
733:. Retrieved
729:the original
719:
708:. Retrieved
703:
694:
685:
672:
666:
655:. Retrieved
651:
642:
631:the original
618:
610:today.rtl.lu
609:
600:
402:
394:
379:
371:
357:
353:
334:
317:Francophonie
314:
303:
297:
291:
263:
259:
250:spellchecker
225:
223:
191:
139:
130:
125:constitution
106:
15:
2674:Isle of Man
2595:recognition
2563:Switzerland
2420:Netherlands
2233:Isle of Man
2168:recognition
2115:Switzerland
2050:Netherlands
1716:Achterhoeks
1709:Westphalian
1661:High German
1286:Accountancy
1240:LGBT rights
761:28 December
203:Rhinelandic
2734:Categories
2553:San Marino
2533:Montenegro
2513:Kazakhstan
2488:Azerbaijan
2410:Luxembourg
2085:San Marino
2045:Montenegro
2025:Luxembourg
2005:Kazakhstan
1908:Azerbaijan
1773:Papiamento
1687:Low German
1682:Limburgish
1632:Champenois
1606:Stadsfries
1555:Brabantian
1442:Newspapers
1367:Euthanasia
1306:Euro coins
1044:Partitions
1032:Occupation
955:Luxembourg
913:2016-04-21
886:2016-04-21
833:2016-04-21
787:17 January
710:2024-02-28
657:2021-09-06
592:References
399:Statistics
382:Portuguese
146:Burgundian
109:Luxembourg
56:Portuguese
2664:Gibraltar
2405:Lithuania
2308:of Europe
2223:Gibraltar
2020:Lithuania
1674:Ripuarian
1599:Zeelandic
1569:Hollandic
1372:Languages
1362:Education
1331:Transport
1311:RTL Group
1225:Elections
1150:Red Lands
1091:Districts
1074:Geography
1037:Holocaust
553:Combined
469:Combined
331:Education
2684:Svalbard
2669:Guernsey
2603:Abkhazia
2445:Slovenia
2440:Slovakia
2430:Portugal
2335:Bulgaria
2315:European
2243:Svalbard
2228:Guernsey
2175:Abkhazia
2145:Scotland
2100:Slovenia
2095:Slovakia
2070:Portugal
1928:Bulgaria
1730:Sallands
1700:Gronings
1490:Category
1382:Religion
1245:Military
1235:Monarchy
1181:Politics
1130:Guttland
1116:quarters
1101:Communes
575:See also
154:Austrian
27:Official
2573:Ukraine
2523:Moldova
2508:Iceland
2503:Georgia
2493:Belarus
2483:Armenia
2478:Andorra
2473:Albania
2435:Romania
2390:Ireland
2385:Hungary
2375:Germany
2365:Finland
2360:Estonia
2355:Denmark
2340:Croatia
2330:Belgium
2325:Austria
2135:England
2125:Ukraine
2075:Romania
2035:Moldova
1993:Ireland
1988:Iceland
1983:Hungary
1973:Germany
1968:Georgia
1958:Finland
1953:Estonia
1948:Denmark
1933:Croatia
1918:Belgium
1913:Belarus
1903:Austria
1898:Armenia
1893:Andorra
1888:Albania
1744:Tweants
1723:Drèents
1653:Walloon
1639:Lorrain
1614:English
1538:Benelux
1481:Outline
1420:Cuisine
1402:Culture
1345:Society
1296:Benelux
1274:Economy
1096:Cantons
964:History
505:English
421:English
390:Italian
386:English
352:in the
350:Italian
348:and/or
346:Spanish
338:English
321:Romania
219:Moselle
207:Moselle
162:Prussia
150:Spanish
60:Italian
52:English
47:Foreign
2679:Jersey
2608:Kosovo
2568:Turkey
2558:Serbia
2548:Russia
2543:Norway
2528:Monaco
2464:Other
2455:Sweden
2425:Poland
2400:Latvia
2380:Greece
2370:France
2345:Cyprus
2238:Jersey
2180:Kosovo
2120:Turkey
2110:Sweden
2090:Serbia
2080:Russia
2065:Poland
2060:Norway
2040:Monaco
2010:Latvia
1978:Greece
1963:France
1938:Cyprus
1758:Veluws
1751:Urkers
1646:Picard
1619:French
1495:Portal
1415:Cinema
1377:People
1250:Police
1167:Rivers
1162:Éislek
992:ForĂŞts
735:May 2,
508:other
502:German
499:French
424:other
418:German
415:French
325:Greece
211:German
170:Wallon
117:German
113:French
99:Source
86:QWERTZ
84:Swiss
67:Signed
40:German
36:French
2654:Ă…land
2450:Spain
2415:Malta
2395:Italy
2317:Union
2213:Ă…land
2150:Wales
2105:Spain
2030:Malta
2000:Italy
1549:Dutch
1457:Sport
1432:Music
1316:Steel
1106:Towns
904:(PDF)
880:(PDF)
869:(PDF)
824:(PDF)
634:(PDF)
627:(PDF)
342:Latin
215:Dutch
201:), a
1425:Wine
789:2021
763:2013
737:2009
528:12%
493:2005
444:30%
409:2012
388:and
323:and
213:and
2640:and
1410:Art
565:61%
562:92%
559:96%
556:90%
545:60%
542:88%
539:90%
536:13%
516:77%
478:71%
475:96%
461:56%
458:69%
455:80%
435:16%
432:52%
2736::
906:.
871:.
850:.
826:.
779:.
702:.
650:.
608:.
568:—
548:—
525:1%
522:4%
519:6%
484:—
464:—
438:2%
392:.
384:,
358:4e
344:,
327:.
234::
152:,
148:,
115:,
58:,
54:,
38:,
34:,
2298:e
2291:t
2284:v
1866:e
1859:t
1852:v
1529:e
1522:t
1515:v
947:e
940:t
933:v
916:.
889:.
836:.
791:.
765:.
739:.
713:.
660:.
612:.
481:—
472:—
452:—
441:—
195:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
