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which connects to the Dos
Novillos River. This causeway was raised above the surface as a protective measure against flooding. When The Pocora Causeway reaches its southeast extent, it comes to an end intersecting with a small stream known as Santa Emilia. Just before it reaches the stream The Pocora Causeway is flanked by an architectural complex consisting of two low walls with circular halves on the southeast side (R31 & R32), resembling those of the main complex. A set of stairs (R33) between the circular structures, descends to the stream.
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drainage system to reduce the effect of water flow across the road surfaces, however none have been identified. In the area near the stream Santa Emilia a footpath with a width of 3 meters was defined by a linear depression in the land’s surface. This unnamed footpath extends in the same general direction as the road, and was followed as far as 150 m. However, it seems to disappear about 400 meters before reaching
312:), came across a gold artifact at Las Mercedes. This discovery inspired Keith to not only conduct non-scientific excavations at Las Mercedes, but also to collect artifacts from all over Costa Rica. Eventually Mr. Keith collected 16,608 artifacts, some of which were auctioned off after his death. Most of these artifacts, some of which are from Las Mercedes, are now housed by the
435:. His excavation notes indicate that he excavated parts of four cemeteries and one "mound" or platform, and lists off the artifacts found in each excavation. Skinner's description was the first to note the existence of the causeways. He also mentions that others like Alpizar (who worked for Mr. Keith) and J. H. Wilson had excavated at the site.
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Las
Mercedes-1, located between streams and rivers on all sides, has raised the question of whether the sphere of influence of a chiefly political center might be bounded by hydrographic systems. It might have been that these surrounding hydrographic systems served defensive functions as naturally existing barriers.
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With a size of 25 hectares, Las
Mercedes is divided into 3 large complexes: Las Mercedes-1, Las Mercedes-2, and Las Mercedes-3. However, only Las Mercedes-1 has been extensively studied. Recent excavations at Las Mercedes-1 (L-289 LM-1) have revealed that it has an area of 5 hectares and consists of
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The Pocora
Causeways does not communicate directly with another archaeological site, but is aiming towards Williamsburg (L-58Wb) 3.5 km to the southeast of Las Mercedes-1. While the causeway ends 1.5 km before reaching Williamsburg, a footpath has been archaeologically identified that may
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Both the
Iroquois and Pocora causeways offered formalized, controlled, and ceremonial access to the central part of Las Mercedes-1 architectural complex. The roads go in opposite directions from the center of the site along a route perpendicular to the hydrographic system. The geographic context of
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The Pocora
Causeway begins in the main complex and extends for an indefinite distance, going beyond the zone southeast of the complex, where it was not possible to clear vegetation during the 2005 field season. The Pocora Causeway continues for more than 300 m, running parallel to a secondary road,
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during the winter of 1916-1917. Hartman excavated a total of 17 graves in four different circular funerary platforms and
Skinner also excavated in 4 different cemeteries. Both of these excavations revealed rectangular, box-shaped, stone-lined graves, most of which had cobblestone walls with both a
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There may have once been a suspension bridge across Santa Emilia, connecting the two roads and the two architectural complexes. Such suspension bridges may have once also crossed the channels of the rivers Dos
Novillos and Iroquois, too. The researchers think that this road system included a stone
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Three of the 15 platforms have been studied more extensively. Platform R12 is circular, 1 metre tall, and has a 28-metre diameter. Moreover, this platform is accompanied by 7 metre wide, 30 metre long ramp or causeway (R11), which connects to a stone terrace (R10). The second most studied platform
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reserve that contains the site. However, researchers predict that it extended as far as the
Iroquois settlement. Although The Iroquois Causeway has not been followed in its totality, it may be presumed that it is of a comparable length to The Pocora Causeway, based on their similarity in design.
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botanist and anthropologist in 1896. Hartman's descriptions of his various excavations include an early depiction of the architecture around the principal platform, descriptions of the stone figures he uncovered, descriptions of the architecture of 17 graves found in four different platforms, a
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Viewing these roads as part of one extensive construction project sharing the same constructive techniques, it is obvious that the cost of the roads to the former inhabitants of Las
Mercedes-1 must have been great. A lot of time and manpower were required for the preparation of the terrain, the
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for the present-day towns they lead towards from the main architectural complex of the site. With widths ranging between 5 and 8 meters, they follow a northwest to southeast path, running perpendicular to the river drainage system. The research to date has registered much data about The Pocora
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Investigations in this part of the site have determined that the site was occupied from circa 1500 BC to circa AD 1500 and that monumental architecture began being constructed around AD 1000. We know that the former inhabitants of Las Mercedes were still living there at the time of the initial
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conducted an archaeological field-school. Their work focused on a 12-acre (49,000 m) area of the central sector of Las Mercedes. By the end of the field-school, the team's stratigraphic excavations and mapping labors resulted in drawing of a general site plan, digital mapping of the most
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floor and roof. Hartman only found the remains of human bones in one of the graves. Most of the graves he excavated contained ceramic vessels and other burial goods. The ceramics were said to have shown wear marks indicating that they were once employed as cooking utensils or for some other
109:(R9) is actually two conjoined platforms with a figure eight shape. The circular part has a 25-metre diameter and the oblong part measures 22x20 metres. The third of these platforms (R14) has an irregular shape "like a peanut" according to archaeologist Ricardo Vásquez.
349:" of ceramics in a rectangular sunken chamber, details about an area of concentrated worked stone that may have been a stone cutters work place, a description of a clay pit, and detailed listings of the artifacts found in each grave or other excavation area.
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Causeway, whereas our knowledge of The Iroquois Causeway will never be complete due to its alteration and partial destruction over the years. The straight stone-paved Iroquois Causeway has been followed for about 660 m at the edge of the
1015:(2005). "Reporte del análisis de suelos de la temporada 2005 de excavaciones arqueológicas en el sitio Las Mercedes-1". Guácimo, Limón, Costa Rica: Laboratorio de Suelos, Escuela de Agricultura de la Región Tropical Húmeda.
264:. The 2009 excavations also provided evidence contrary to the assertion that all platforms in Costa Rica are circular, because both a figure-eight-shaped platform and a peanut-shaped platform were excavated.
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In the winter of 2009, between January 11 and February 22, a group of archaeologist from the Museo Nacional de Costa Rica and the State University of New York at Albany (UAlbany), led by Ricardo Vásquez and
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In all, Las Mercedes has at least 15 platforms. Three of these platforms are located around a principal/central platform (known as the Hartman Platform), and are united by intra-site causeways.
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188:. The latter indicates that the builders of the grave were alive during the 16th century. Skinner's excavations revealed ceramic vessels in the graves along with such other grave goods as
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Vázquez, Ricardo; Chapdelaine, Claude (2005). "Desarrollo y alcances del poder cacical amerindio en el sur de Centroamérica: el sitio Las Mercedes-1, Caribe Central de Costa Rica".
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Vázquez Leiva, Ricardo; Claude Chapdelaine (2008). "Arquitectura, Caminos Empedrados y CronologĂa del Sector Principal del Sitio Las Mercedes-1, Caribe Central de Costa Rica".
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and the alluvial plain. The site contains a variety of architectural features including platforms, plazas, retaining walls or terraces, funerary areas, ramps, and paved roads.
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quantity of stone, the volume of fill, and the amount of other construction materials that must have been transported for the construction of these magnificent roads.
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All of these platforms, circular or not, are thought to have been covered with conical shaped huts made out of organic materials that have decomposed without a trace.
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outstanding architectonic features, dating the site's earliest occupation to around 3,000 years ago, and the beginnings of carbon 14 based chronology for the site.
477:, conducted further investigation. During this archaeological field school a number of important discoveries were made, which caused Las Mercedes to make the news
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328:. During his life Mr. Keith presented some artifacts to museums. For example, several large stone sculptures were presented to the National Museum in Washington.
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of historic European origin have been found during excavations. This indicated that trade may have occurred between the Las Mercedes inhabitants and the Spanish.
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Vázquez, Ricardo (2006). "PlanimetrĂas de varios sitios arqueolĂłgicos con arqitectura y obras viales de la zona de LĂnea Vieja, Caribe Central de Costa Rica".
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Hurtado de Mendoza, Luis; Maritza Gutiérrez González (2004). "Rescate de información social en áreas con huaqueo intensivo del sitio Las Mercedes, Guácimo".
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After Skinner completed his excavations only a few minor archaeological investigations were conducted at Las Mercedes until 2005. During May and June 2005
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Recent excavations at Las Mercedes are helping archaeologists understand the role it once served to the indigenous peoples of Costa Rica before 1502 when
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Aguilar Bonilla, MĂłnica (2007). "The Pothunter's Livelihood: Huaquerismo and Costa Rican Law in Defense of the National Archaeological Heritage".
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archaeologists are relatively certain that Las Mercedes served as a powerful political center for the region—probably the center of a
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7 platforms, 2 plazas, 6 retaining walls or terraces, 7 walls, 4 funerary areas, 1 ramp, and is where the 2 roads converge.
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who removed two 1.85 male stone male "warrior" figurines among other artifacts. Today these sculptures are housed at the
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Gutiérrez González, Maritza (1985). "Inspección arqueológica en la Finca Las Mercedes, Pocora, Vertiente Atlántica".
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Sitio Las Mercedes, Guácimo de Limón: el otro gran cacicazgo del Caribe central: segunda temporada de campo
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In 1871 Las Mercedes was bisected by the construction of the railroad connecting the country's capital to
63:. Dos Novillos River is 700 m to the southeast and Parismina is 2.5 km to the northeast of the site.
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May and June 2005: Ricardo Vázquez, Claude Chapdelaine, & the University of Montréal Field-School
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arrived in Costa Rica. Archaeologists now believe that Las Mercedes was a political center, like
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utilitarian purpose. Some of the other contents of graves recorded by Hartman include two stone
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January and February 2009: Ricardo Vázquez, Robert M. Rosenswig, & the UAlbany Field-school
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Archaeological Field School in Costa Rica 2009: Las Mercedes (January 11 - February 22, 2009)
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Las Mercedes was first discovered in 1871 during the construction of the railroad to the
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Gutiérrez González, Maritza (1986). "Evaluación arqueológica en la Finca Las Mercedes".
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on the Caribbean coast. Today part of the site is protected within the campus of the
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97:(R1) is 6 metres tall and has a diameter of 30 metres. It was first excavated by
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The Archaeology of Costa Rica: Highlands-Atlantic Period VI (1000 - 1550 A.D.)
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256:-speaking people. After analyzing the artifacts uncovered during the 2009
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commissioned to construct the railroad (and the principle founder of the
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Las Mercedes is the home of two well-documented stone-paved roads, named
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Departamento de AntropologĂa e Historia, Museo Nacional de Costa Rica
921:"Past Research: Central Caribbean Project & Las Mercedes Project"
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Las Mercedes is located 90 m above sea level in Mercedes District,
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1097:(4). New York, NY: Museum of the American Indian Heye Foundation:
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Plan by Hartman for the great mound and walls, Las Mercedes, 1896.
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967:"Sitio Las Mercedes fue capital de importante aldea indĂgena"
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Population history of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas
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Sitio Las Mercedes fue capital de importante aldea indĂgena
863:(Senior honors thesis). Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas.
300:, as it was directly in the path of railroad construction.
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Travel by Land, River, and Sea in Pre-Colonial Costa Rica
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Photo Gallery from the 2009 fieldschool at Las Mercedes
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1871: Minor C. Keith & the Railroad to the Atlantic
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conducted archaeological excavations at Las Mercedes,
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The two big statues on display at the entrance at the
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Painting in the Americas before European colonization
1119:. San José, Costa Rica: Museo Nacional de Costa Rica.
1110:. San José, Costa Rica: Museo Nacional de Costa Rica.
1063:. San José, Costa Rica: Museo Nacional de Costa Rica.
1054:. San José, Costa Rica: Museo Nacional de Costa Rica.
1045:. San José, Costa Rica: Museo Nacional de Costa Rica.
1087:"An Image and an Amulet of Nephrite from Costa Rica"
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Costa Rican Stonework: The Minor C. Keith Collection
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1072:. New York, NY: American Museum. pp. 248–256.
955:"ArqueĂłlogos desempolvan sitio indĂgena en Guácimo"
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Escuela de Agricultura de la RegiĂłn Tropical HĂşmeda
154:extend the rest of the way connecting these sites.
1171:Costa Rica Field School Students Dig into the Past
336:The first archaeological excavations were done by
1141:ArqueĂłlogos desempolvan sitio indĂgena en Guácimo
2665:Ceramics of Indigenous peoples of the Americas
2650:Category: Archaeological sites in the Americas
900:Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation
385:One of the stone statues from the great mound.
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8:
2748:Buildings and structures in LimĂłn Province
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2655:Portal:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
1259:Pre-Columbian civilizations and cultures
723:Vázquez Leiva & Chapdelaine 2009: 29
624:Vázquez Leiva & Chapdelaine 2009: 65
585:Vázquez Leiva & Chapdelaine 2009: 64
519:Vázquez Leiva & Chapdelaine 2009: 37
492:Vázquez Leiva & Chapdelaine 2009: 37
397:More stone figures from the great mound.
1166:Las Mercedes - Joya Patrimonial (video)
1117:Departamento de AntropologĂa e Historia
1108:Departamento de AntropologĂa e Historia
1061:Departamento de AntropologĂa e Historia
1052:Departamento de AntropologĂa e Historia
1043:Departamento de AntropologĂa e Historia
895:The Pottery of Costa Rica and Nicaragua
485:
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166:The first cemeteries were excavated by
1156:Guerrero esculpido en piedra ve la luz
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953:Solano B., Andrea (22 February 2009),
919:National Museum of Costa Rica (2009).
873:Archæological Researches in Costa Rica
455:with a group of his students from the
268:History of Excavations at Las Mercedes
2743:Former populated places in Costa Rica
7:
1136:Las Mercedes, un monumento escondido
939:Las Mercedes, un monumento escondido
798:Vázquez Leiva & Chapdelaine 2008
419:Winter of 1916-1917: Alanson Skinner
184:and a European-manufactured bead of
81:Spanish arrival because a number of
1683:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Venezuela
218:, carved stone statues and tables,
2738:Archaeological sites in Costa Rica
2675:Indigenous cuisine of the Americas
1654:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Colombia
318:American Museum of Natural History
248:. The site is associated with the
23:located on the Caribbean slope of
14:
1666:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Ecuador
1637:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Bolivia
892:Lothrop, Samuel Kirkland (1926).
789:Museo Nacional de Costa Rica 2009
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1659:Archaeological sites in Colombia
1632:Cultures of Pre-Cabraline Brazil
965:Solano B., Andrea (3 May 2009),
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1642:Cultures of Pre-Columbian Chile
923:. National Museum of Costa Rica
423:During the winter of 1916-1917
59:, which are tributaries to the
1:
2586:Spanish Conquest of Guatemala
1647:Archaeological sites in Chile
411:Museum of Ethnography, Sweden
324:in Washington, D.C., and the
103:Museum of Ethnography, Sweden
2680:Mesoamerican writing systems
1676:Archaeological sites in Peru
1181:Archaeologists and Huaqueros
449:Museo Nacional de Costa Rica
447:, an archaeologist from the
326:Ethnography Museum in Sweden
170:in 1896 and subsequently by
2576:Spanish Conquest of Yucatán
1091:Indian Notes and Monographs
877:Royal Ethnographical Museum
832:Anthropology of Work Review
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2602:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
2505:Uaxaclajuun UbĘĽaah KĘĽawiil
816:Solano B. 22 February 2009
332:1896: Carl Vilhelm Hartman
298:Costa Rican Central Valley
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1827:Llanos de Moxos (Bolivia)
1085:Skinner, Alanson (1920).
27:between the foothills of
2714:Civilizations portal
1671:Cultural periods of Peru
1068:Mason, J. Alden (1945).
987:. San José, Costa Rica:
859:Benfer, Adam K. (2009).
19:(L-289-LM) is a complex
2608:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
1454:Mesoamerican chronology
844:10.1525/awr.2007.28.2.8
322:Smithsonian Institution
1311:Archaeological periods
1186:The Hartman Collection
1028:Cite journal requires
936:Segura, Wendy (2009),
457:University of Montréal
2614:List of Conquistadors
2501:KĘĽinich JanaabĘĽ Pakal
1912:Quebrada de Humahuaca
1331:Caddoan Mississippian
869:Hartman, Carl Vilhelm
696:Lothrop 1926: 451-467
669:Lothrop 1926: 451-467
651:Lothrop 1926: 451-467
122:The Iroquois Causeway
2581:Francisco de Montejo
2509:Jasaw Chan KĘĽawiil I
1622:Andean civilizations
1549:Shaft tomb tradition
1161:Las Mercedes Project
807:Solano B. 3 May 2009
705:Solana B. 3 May 2009
433:Costa Rica Farm Site
310:United Fruit Company
246:Guayabo de Turrialba
242:Christopher Columbus
95:The Hartman Platform
2547:Manco Inca Yupanqui
1852:Manteño-Huancavilca
1321:Ancestral Puebloans
1210: /
475:Robert M. Rosenswig
126:The Pocora Causeway
51:between the rivers
21:archaeological site
2670:Columbian exchange
2660:Portal:Mesoamerica
1812:La Tolita (Tumaco)
1627:Indigenous peoples
1366:Hopewell tradition
1293:Indigenous peoples
633:Benfer 2009: 35-37
453:Claude Chapdelaine
345:description of a "
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2591:Pedro de Alvarado
1907:Pucará de Tilcara
1214:10.167°N 83.617°W
320:in New York, the
236:Site Significance
29:Turrialba Volcano
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2597:Spanish Conquest
2572:Spanish Conquest
2561:Spanish Conquest
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222:, and even some
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61:ReventazĂłn River
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2518:Quemuenchatocha
2516:
2507:
2503:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2447:
2316:
2225:
2199:
2188:
2135:Human Sacrifice
2132:
2124:Human Sacrifice
2121:
2095:
2068:Mayan Languages
1996:
1608:
1440:
1297:
1278:Genetic history
1261:
1256:
1219:10.167; -83.617
1218:
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1209:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1197:
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1114:
1105:
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1006:Further reading
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742:Aguilar Bonilla
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314:Brooklyn Museum
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192:, stone disks,
190:incense burners
172:Alanson Skinner
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144:Destierro River
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1125:External links
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338:C. V. Hartman
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294:Caribbean Sea
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168:C. V. Hartman
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99:C. V. Hartman
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34:
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2488:Moctezuma II
2445:Inca history
2370:Andean Music
2314:Architecture
2309:Architecture
2304:Architecture
2299:Architecture
2295:Architecture
2289:Gender Roles
2034:Tenochtitlan
1957:Timoto–Cuica
1952:Tierradentro
1737:Casma–Sechin
1469:Chalcatzingo
1195:
1116:
1107:
1094:
1090:
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1021:cite journal
984:
978:
970:
958:
945:27 September
943:, retrieved
938:
927:27 September
925:. Retrieved
898:. New York:
894:
872:
860:
835:
831:
812:
803:
794:
785:
780:Lothrop 1926
776:
771:Hartman 1901
767:
758:
749:
737:
728:
719:
710:
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692:
687:Hartman 1901
683:
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665:
660:Hartman 1901
656:
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642:Hartman 1901
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442:
429:Anita Grande
422:
373:Large mound.
335:
291:
277:
274:Puerto LimĂłn
271:
258:field school
239:
227:
165:
156:
152:
148:
140:
136:
125:
121:
119:
111:
107:
94:
92:
79:
70:
53:Dos Novillos
38:
17:Las Mercedes
16:
15:
2551:TĂşpac Amaru
2535:Manco Cápac
2484:Moctezuma I
2395:Agriculture
2390:Agriculture
2385:Agriculture
2376:Agriculture
2319:Road System
2208:Mathematics
2073:Muysc Cubun
1927:San AgustĂn
1877:Monte Verde
1554:Teotihuacan
1446:Mesoamerica
1341:Coles Creek
1326:Anishinaabe
1283:Archaeology
1217: /
902:. pp.
838:(2): 8–12.
762:Segura 2009
732:Segura 2009
714:Segura 2009
510:Segura 2009
501:Segura 2009
83:glass beads
67:Description
2732:Categories
2522:Tisquesusa
2496:Cuauhtémoc
2492:Cuitláhuac
1822:Lauricocha
1792:Gran Chaco
1782:Cupisnique
1767:Chinchorro
1742:Chachapoya
1732:Caral–Supe
1574:Tlaxcaltec
1564:Teuchitlán
1479:ChupĂcuaro
1406:Plum Bayou
1401:Plaquemine
1371:Marksville
1336:Chichimeca
823:References
451:, and Dr.
202:greenstone
186:blue glass
76:Chronology
49:Costa Rica
25:Costa Rica
2543:Atahualpa
2539:Pachacuti
2514:Nemequene
2380:Chinampas
2202:Astronomy
2191:Astronomy
2171:Mythology
2166:Mythology
2161:Mythology
2156:Mythology
2152:Mythology
1982:Wankarani
1972:Tuncahuán
1862:Marajoara
1817:Las Vegas
1703:Atacameño
1599:Xochipala
1539:Purépecha
1499:Epi-Olmec
1489:Cuicuilco
1431:Troyville
1421:St. Johns
997:0304-3703
991:: 27–77.
971:La NaciĂłn
959:La NaciĂłn
852:1548-1417
296:from the
232:objects.
205:earspools
196:gravers,
177:limestone
116:Causeways
89:Platforms
57:Parismina
2639:See also
2557:Conquest
2530:Zoratama
2197:Calendar
2186:Calendar
2181:Calendar
2177:Calendar
2146:Religion
2141:Religion
2130:Religion
2119:Religion
2115:Religion
2104:Numerals
2098:Numerals
2059:Language
2039:Multiple
1977:Valdivia
1962:Tiwanaku
1922:Saladoid
1917:Quimbaya
1807:Kuhikugu
1787:Diaguita
1777:Chorrera
1594:Veraguas
1589:Veracruz
1569:Tlatilco
1381:Mogollon
1288:Cultures
1266:Americas
1078:2246/214
980:VĂnculos
871:(1901).
316:and the
306:American
262:chiefdom
254:Chibchan
35:Location
2526:Tundama
2455:Peoples
2440:History
2435:History
2430:History
2426:History
2420:Cuisine
2415:Cuisine
2410:Cuisine
2405:Cuisine
2401:Cuisine
2259:Warfare
2254:Warfare
2249:Warfare
2245:Warfare
2239:Society
2234:Economy
2223:Society
2218:Society
2214:Society
2084:Writing
2078:Quechua
2063:Nahuatl
2030:Capital
1967:Toyopán
1947:Tairona
1857:Mapuche
1772:Chiripa
1747:Chancay
1718:Cañaris
1693:Amotape
1688:El Abra
1604:Zapotec
1584:Totonac
1559:Tepanec
1544:Quelepa
1514:Mezcala
1504:Huastec
1474:Cholula
1464:Capacha
1459:Acolhua
1416:Sinagua
1391:Patayan
1361:Hohokam
1351:Fremont
1205:83°37′W
1202:10°10′N
912:1883006
904:451–467
413:, 2019.
342:Swedish
229:tumbaga
41:Guácimo
2469:Muisca
2464:Mayans
2459:Aztecs
2093:Script
2088:Script
2048:Bacatá
2019:Muisca
1902:Pucará
1897:Piaroa
1892:Paiján
1887:Omagua
1842:Lupaca
1837:Lokono
1802:Kalina
1797:Huetar
1757:ChavĂn
1752:Chango
1727:Nariño
1723:CapulĂ
1713:Calima
1708:Aymara
1698:Arawak
1579:Toltec
1529:Olmecs
1524:Nicoya
1519:Mixtec
1494:Diquis
1396:Picosa
1386:Oshara
1356:Glades
1346:Dorset
995:
910:
885:230595
883:
850:
461:Canada
431:, and
304:, the
250:HĂĽetar
213:copper
2474:Incas
2365:Music
2360:Music
2355:Music
2351:Music
2284:Women
2279:Women
2274:Women
2270:Women
2228:Trade
2109:Quipu
2053:Cusco
2044:Hunza
2009:Aztec
1942:TaĂno
1937:Sican
1932:Shuar
1882:Nazca
1872:Mollo
1867:Moche
1847:Luzia
1762:ChimĂş
1534:Pipil
1509:Izapa
1484:Coclé
1426:Thule
1316:Adena
1101:–113.
1013:EARTH
595:Ibid.
529:Ibid.
481:Notes
347:cache
220:celts
198:flint
182:celts
175:flat
2264:Army
2046:and
2024:Inca
2014:Maya
1992:ZenĂş
1987:Wari
1832:Lima
1034:help
993:ISSN
947:2009
929:2009
908:OCLC
881:OCLC
848:ISSN
744:2007
597:: 43
531:: 27
340:, a
252:, a
224:gold
216:bell
209:jade
124:and
55:and
2345:Art
2340:Art
2335:Art
2330:Art
2326:Art
1099:111
1074:hdl
840:doi
280:or
226:or
2734::
2583:)
1093:.
1089:.
1025::
1023:}}
1019:{{
985:31
983:.
969:,
957:,
906:.
879:.
846:.
836:28
834:.
606:64
567:42
558:41
549:65
540:37
459:,
284:.
207:,
146:.
105:.
47:,
43:,
2627:)
2623:(
2616:)
2612:(
2610:)
2606:(
2604:)
2600:(
2593:)
2589:(
2579:(
2568:)
2564:(
2321:)
2317:(
2230:)
2226:(
2204:)
2200:(
2193:)
2189:(
2137:)
2133:(
2126:)
2122:(
2100:)
2096:(
1725:/
1251:e
1244:t
1237:v
1095:6
1080:.
1076::
1036:)
1032:(
999:.
931:.
914:.
887:.
854:.
842::
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