830:, surgical laser applications are most often used to remove pulmonary metastases and tumors of different primary localizations. Other areas of application are surgical sectioning of the parenchyma, anatomic segmental resections, removal of tumors from the thoracic wall and abrasion of the pleura parietalis. Since the introduction of surgical lasers, the amount of potentially surgically resectable pulmonary nodules has significantly increased. Compared to laser surgery, other conventional surgical methods such as segmental or wedge resections with surgical stapling will normally lead to a bigger loss of lung tissue, especially in patients with multiple pulmonary nodules methods.
487:. The laser surgery for dermatology often bypasses the skin surface. The principle of laser surgery for dermatologic problems is based on SPTL (selective photothermolysis). The laser beam penetrates the skin until it encounters chromophore which absorbs the laser beam. After absorption of the laser beam, heat is generated to induce coagulation, necrosis of the targeted tissue, this results in the removal of unwanted tissue by laser surgery.
1927:
146:
43:
447:
84:
419:(photophrin II) is administered which is taken up by the tumor tissue and later irradiated by laser light resulting in highly toxic substances with resultant necrosis of the tumor. Photodynamic therapy is used in palliation of oesophageal and bronchial carcinoma and ablation of mucosal cancers of Gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder.
818:, despite the fact that it has never been studied in a controlled clinical trial to determine its effectiveness apart from disc decompression. Evidence-based data surrounding the use of lasers in spine surgery is limited and its safety and efficacy were poorly understood as of 2017.
833:
Other advantages of laser surgery compared to conventional methods are that it leads to an improved postoperative lung function and that it gives the additional possibility to histologically analyze the removed material which would otherwise be destroyed through radiation or heat.
371:. There are several different laser wavelengths used in soft tissue surgery. Different laser wavelengths and device settings (such as pulse duration and power) produce different effects on the tissue. Some commonly used lasers types in soft tissue surgery include erbium,
1561:
Rolle A, Pereszlenyi A, Koch R et al. Is surgery for multiple lung metastases reasonable? A total of 328 consecutive patients with multiple-laser metastasectomies with a new 1318-nm :YAG laser. J Thorac
Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 131(6):
558:
is the latest advancement in laser vision correction technology. In SMILE surgery, ZEISS VisuMax femtosecond laser is used to make a small incision and to create a pre-calculated mini lens tissue (or lenticule) inside the cornea.
458:
Surgical laser systems, sometimes called "laser scalpels", are differentiated not only by the wavelength, but also by the light delivery system: flexible fiber or articulated arm, as well as by other factors.
1276:
Gorman, Jack B. (February 1989). "Clinical
Application of the Carbon Dioxide Laser to Podiatric Nail Pathologies: A Definitive Review of the Literature". In Ballow D.P.M., Edward B. (ed.).
1323:
1113:
laser in aesthetic plastic surgery. Presented at the XIII Congress of the
International Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, New York, NY, Sept. 28-Oct. 1, 1995.
1571:
Mineo TC, Cristino B, Ambrogi V et al. Usefulness of the Nd: YAG laser in parenchyma-sparing resection of pulmonary nodular lesions. Tumori 1994; 80(5):365-369
379:. Erbium lasers are excellent cutters, but provide minimal hemostasis. Diode lasers (hot tip) provide excellent hemostasis, but are slow cutters. CO
1061:
610:. They are used to remove benign and malignant tumors, treat bunions, debride ulcers and burns, excise epidermal nevi, blue rubber bleb nevi, and
1887:
1592:
970:
570:
in which a laser is used to cauterize blood vessels in the eye, to treat various conditions. Lasers can be used to repair tears in the
1094:
999:
247:
229:
127:
70:
907:
1626:
815:
811:
under the notion that heating a bulging disc vaporized enough tissue to relieve pressure on the nerves and help alleviate pain.
1543:
Rolle A, Thetter O, Häussinger K. et al. Einsatz des Nd:YAG-Lasers in der
Thoraxchirurgie. Herz Gefäß Thorax Chir 1989; 3:85-91
1796:
356:
167:
163:
109:
56:
210:
1552:
Inderbitzi R, Rolle A. Palliative surgery for primary and secondary thoracic malignancies. Ther Umsch 2001 Jul;58(7) 435-41
1521:"Decompression of the Intervertebral Disc Using Laser Energy (Laser Discectomy) or Radiofrequency Coblation (Nucleoplasty)"
182:
751:
563:
99:
1951:
1852:
1520:
554:, a ring of concentric burns is made in the cornea, which causes its surface to steepen, allowing better near vision.
547:
392:
329:
189:
1160:
Fakhouri, TM; El Tal, AK; Abrou, AE; Mehregan, DA; Barone, F (February 2012). "Laser-assisted lipolysis: a review".
1656:
551:
156:
268:
196:
1956:
688:
498:
431:: this property is used for endoscopic control of bleeding e.g. Bleeding peptic ulcers, oesophageal varices
1826:
1646:
1499:
607:
434:
178:
1714:
665:
1292:
1821:
1704:
1692:
1619:
871:
731:
650:
618:
502:
428:
105:
1062:"Ablation and sulcular debridement utilizing the CO2 laser for denture-induced gingival hyperplasia"
703:
94:
1872:
1791:
1731:
1651:
1439:
Snyder, Laura A.; O'Toole, John; Eichholz, Kurt M.; Perez-Cruet, Mick J.; Fessler, Richard (2014).
879:
808:
727:
654:
587:
483:
are used to treat various skin conditions including scars, vascular and pigmented lesions, and for
1261:
Garoufalis, Matthew G. (February 1989). "Soft Tissue
Lesions". In Ballow D.P.M., Edward B. (ed.).
1227:
Garoufalis, Matthew G. (February 1989). "Soft Tissue
Lesions". In Ballow D.P.M., Edward B. (ed.).
1421:
1185:
883:
695:
555:
422:
62:
31:
1242:
Wynn D.P.M., Michael H. (October 1986). "Soft-Tissue Bunion Repair with a CO2 Surgical Laser".
803:
Laser spine surgery first began seeing clinical use in the 1980s and was primarily used within
1892:
1766:
1741:
1588:
1480:
1462:
1413:
1405:
1370:
1362:
1304:
1177:
1090:
995:
987:
966:
941:
747:
713:
567:
490:
484:
1203:
425:: Used in eye surgeries like band keratoplasty, and endartectomy of peripheral blood vessels.
1961:
1902:
1867:
1847:
1816:
1470:
1452:
1397:
1354:
1169:
1140:
827:
792:
531:
400:
383:
lasers are both efficient at cutting and coagulating. Laser surgery is commonly used on the
310:
706:
of the lumen is done which allows the patient to resume a soft diet and maintain hydration.
542:, and a laser is used to reshape the layers underneath, is used to treat refractive error.
203:
1930:
1811:
1801:
1612:
875:
699:
673:
626:
497:
of a material are dissolved by a laser, a technique invented by aesthetic plastic surgeon
416:
336:
1907:
1897:
1857:
1806:
1724:
1677:
1661:
1475:
1440:
932:
Borzabadi-Farahani A (2017). "The
Adjunctive Soft-Tissue Diode Laser in Orthodontics".
788:
768:
709:
680:
634:
583:
412:
364:
344:
317:
1145:
1124:
1945:
1862:
1842:
1783:
1709:
1358:
1280:(First ed.). International Society of Podiatric Laser Surgery. pp. 109–110.
1173:
787:
as it is reflected by titanium, and thus has been gaining popularity in the field of
658:
638:
494:
396:
1425:
1189:
566:(PTK) in which opacities and surface irregularities are removed from the cornea and
1882:
1751:
1746:
1687:
1265:(First ed.). International Society of Podiatric Laser Surgery. pp. 65–72.
1231:(First ed.). International Society of Podiatric Laser Surgery. pp. 65–72.
887:
784:
772:
352:
340:
325:
1324:"SuperPulse 10.6 µm CO2 laser-assisted, closed flap treatment of peri-implantitis"
814:
Since that time, laser spine surgery has become one of the most marketed forms of
1582:
1084:
960:
274:
1912:
1773:
1756:
1736:
867:
847:
738:
595:
591:
525:
372:
368:
145:
363:
surgical fields. The primary uses of lasers in soft tissue surgery are to cut,
1761:
804:
776:
720:
684:
630:
543:
360:
1466:
1409:
1366:
17:
1877:
1719:
1699:
1682:
851:
744:
723:, and is a relatively popular and non-invasive method of hemorrhoid removal.
513:
384:
348:
1484:
1308:
1181:
945:
1457:
1417:
1374:
1345:
Quigley, M. R.; Maroon, J. C. (1994-01-01). "Laser discectomy: a review".
446:
335:
Soft-tissue laser surgery is used in a variety of applications in humans (
669:
1401:
611:
306:
298:
550:(PRK, LASEK), the cornea is reshaped without first cutting a flap. In
284:
571:
539:
590:
in the artery is excised. Other applications include laser assisted
1441:"The Technological Development of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery"
391:, which is used to correct near and far-sightedness in vision, and
1635:
535:
445:
388:
321:
302:
1123:
Roberts, Thomas L III; Lettieri, John T; Ellis, Laura B. (1996).
562:
Lasers are also used to treat non-refractive conditions, such as
466:
lasers were the dominant soft-tissue surgical lasers as of 2010.
1388:
Ascher, P. W.; Heppner, F. (1984). "CO2-Laser in neurosurgery".
843:
1608:
1139:(2). American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery: 142–148.
479:
A range of lasers such as erbium, dye, Q switch lasers, and CO
139:
77:
36:
395:, a procedure which permanently reshapes the cornea using an
1129:
Laser
Resurfacing: Recognizing and Minimizing Complications"
741:
can be achieved by selective photovaporization of the tumor.
546:
is a variant in which the flap is also cut with a laser. In
1604:
1017:"Essential Surgical Practice". Basic surgical training
992:
614:, and the removal of hypertrophic scars and tattoos.
1835:
1782:
1670:
1086:
Principles and
Practice of Laser Dentistry - E-Book
267:
262:
170:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1109:Roberts, Thomas L III. The emerging role of the CO
771:for virtually all soft-tissue procedures, such as
683:provided they are less than 4 cm and without
415:: clinically referred to as photodynamic therapy.
1204:"ReLEx SMILE Surgery & Procedures in Toronto"
530:Various types of laser surgery are used to treat
538:, in which a knife is used to cut a flap in the
1581:Donald J. Coluzzi; Robert A. Convissar (2007).
959:Noel A. Berger; Peter H. Eeg (9 January 2008).
912:American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery
716:to relieve obstruction and to control bleeding.
994:. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 327–354.
791:. The laser may also be effective in treating
694:Palliative laser therapy is given in advanced
687:involvement. Lasers are also used in treating
679:Lasers can be effectively used to treat early
606:Lasers are used to treat several disorders in
1620:
8:
962:Veterinary Laser Surgery: A Practical Guide
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1627:
1613:
1605:
1474:
1456:
1244:The Journal of Current Podiatric Medicine
1144:
783:10,600 nm wavelength is safe around
248:Learn how and when to remove this message
230:Learn how and when to remove this message
128:Learn how and when to remove this message
1584:Atlas of Laser Applications in Dentistry
512:Lasers are also used for laser-assisted
454:laser used for soft-tissue laser surgery
1888:Multiple-prism grating laser oscillator
899:
1291:Levine, Robert; Vitruk, Peter (2015).
399:to remove a small amount of the human
259:
7:
1322:Linden, Eric; Vitruk, Peter (2015).
1034:. Surgical Clinics of North America.
1030:Schwesinger, WH; Hunter, JG (1992).
526:Eye surgery § Laser eye surgery
168:adding citations to reliable sources
1587:. Quintessence Publishing Company.
1500:"Lasers in Spine Surgery: A Review"
1083:Convissar, Robert A. (2010-05-19).
280:
27:Medical use of laser to cut tissues
1045:Morris, Peter J; Wood, William C.
586:is a technique in which an entire
437:: used in intraluminal lithotripsy
25:
1060:Rosenlicht, J; Vitruk, P (2015).
842:Lasers are used to cut or ablate
316:Types of surgical lasers include
52:This article has multiple issues.
1926:
1925:
1359:10.1097/00007632-199401000-00010
1174:10.1111/j.1524-4725.2011.02168.x
990:. In Fonseca, Raymond J. (ed.).
816:minimally invasive spine surgery
750:is a safer modality compared to
144:
108:has been specified. Please help
82:
41:
475:Dermatology and plastic surgery
155:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
1797:Amplified spontaneous emission
1293:"Laser-Assisted Operculectomy"
986:Strauss, Robert (2017-03-08).
625:) is used in surgery to treat
357:oral and maxillofacial surgery
1:
1445:BioMed Research International
1146:10.1016/S1090-820X(96)70038-9
1019:(4 ed.). pp. 62–65.
779:, and operculectomies. The CO
1498:Stern, Jack (October 2009).
1089:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
752:electrohydraulic lithotripsy
712:therapy is used in advanced
594:and laser-assisted vascular
564:phototherapeutic keratectomy
1853:Chirped pulse amplification
548:photorefractive keratectomy
393:photorefractive keratectomy
330:potassium titanyl phosphate
1978:
1657:List of laser applications
1208:Clearview Vision Institute
1047:Oxford Textbook of Surgery
767:laser is used in oral and
552:laser thermal keratoplasty
523:
387:. Techniques used include
98:to meet Knowledge (XXG)'s
29:
1921:
1642:
1278:Laser Surgery of the Foot
1263:Laser Surgery of the Foot
1229:Laser Surgery of the Foot
1133:Aesthetic Surgery Journal
965:. John Wiley & Sons.
281:
1297:Compend Contin Educ Dent
1032:Laser in General Surgery
934:Compend Contin Educ Dent
493:is a technique in which
305:(in contrast to using a
30:Not to be confused with
759:Oral and dental surgery
689:oral submucous fibrosis
645:Gastro-intestinal tract
1647:List of laser articles
1015:Cuscheri; et al.
866:laser is also used in
719:Laser surgery used in
666:vascular malformations
637:(rams horn nail), and
608:foot and ankle surgery
602:Foot and ankle surgery
499:Thomas L. Roberts, III
455:
435:Photomechanical effect
1525:providers.bcidaho.com
775:, vestibuloplasties,
730:have been done using
726:Laser-assisted liver
449:
1822:Population inversion
1390:Neurosurgical Review
1162:Dermatologic Surgery
940:(eBook 5): e18–e31.
698:with obstruction of
651:Peptic ulcer disease
619:carbon dioxide laser
578:Endovascular surgery
423:Photoablative effect
413:Photochemical effect
164:improve this article
110:improve this article
1873:Laser beam profiler
1792:Active laser medium
1732:Free-electron laser
1652:List of laser types
1458:10.1155/2014/293582
1328:Implant Practice US
1066:Implant Practice US
880:otorhinolaryngology
809:lumbar disc disease
696:oesophageal cancers
655:oesophageal varices
588:atheromatous plaque
429:Photothermal effect
1952:Laser applications
1402:10.1007/bf01780695
734:and Nd:YAG lasers.
714:colorectal cancers
456:
32:laser hair removal
1939:
1938:
1893:Optical amplifier
1742:Solid-state laser
1594:978-0-86715-476-4
972:978-0-470-34412-5
908:"General Surgery"
748:laser lithotripsy
629:(ingrown nails),
568:laser coagulation
491:Laser resurfacing
485:photorejuvenation
292:
291:
258:
257:
250:
240:
239:
232:
214:
138:
137:
130:
100:quality standards
91:This article may
75:
16:(Redirected from
1969:
1929:
1928:
1903:Optical isolator
1868:Injection seeder
1848:Beam homogenizer
1827:Ultrashort pulse
1817:Lasing threshold
1629:
1622:
1615:
1606:
1599:
1598:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1544:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1517:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1478:
1460:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1396:(2–3): 123–133.
1385:
1379:
1378:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1200:
1194:
1193:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1120:
1114:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1012:
1006:
1005:
983:
977:
976:
956:
950:
949:
929:
923:
922:
920:
919:
904:
828:thoracic surgery
822:Thoracic surgery
793:peri-implantitis
737:The ablation of
721:hemorrhoidectomy
532:refractive error
367:, vaporize, and
332:, among others.
285:edit on Wikidata
277:
260:
253:
246:
235:
228:
224:
221:
215:
213:
172:
148:
140:
133:
126:
122:
119:
113:
86:
85:
78:
67:
45:
44:
37:
21:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1942:
1941:
1940:
1935:
1917:
1831:
1812:Laser linewidth
1802:Continuous wave
1778:
1671:Types of lasers
1666:
1638:
1633:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1529:
1527:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1321:
1320:
1316:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1241:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1212:
1210:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1097:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1002:
985:
984:
980:
973:
958:
957:
953:
931:
930:
926:
917:
915:
906:
905:
901:
896:
876:general surgery
865:
860:
840:
824:
801:
782:
766:
761:
681:gastric cancers
664:Coagulation of
647:
641:(fungus nail).
627:onychocryptosis
624:
604:
580:
528:
522:
506:
482:
477:
472:
465:
453:
444:
417:Photosensitizer
409:
382:
378:
337:general surgery
288:
273:
254:
243:
242:
241:
236:
225:
219:
216:
179:"Laser surgery"
173:
171:
161:
149:
134:
123:
117:
114:
103:
87:
83:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1975:
1973:
1965:
1964:
1959:
1957:Laser medicine
1954:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1936:
1934:
1933:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1908:Output coupler
1905:
1900:
1898:Optical cavity
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1858:Gain-switching
1855:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1807:Laser ablation
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1705:Carbon dioxide
1697:
1696:
1695:
1693:Liquid-crystal
1690:
1680:
1678:Chemical laser
1674:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1662:Laser acronyms
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1593:
1573:
1564:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1512:
1490:
1431:
1380:
1337:
1314:
1303:(8): 561–567.
1283:
1268:
1253:
1234:
1219:
1195:
1152:
1126:
1115:
1110:
1102:
1096:978-0323079891
1095:
1075:
1052:
1049:. Vol. 2.
1037:
1022:
1007:
1000:
978:
971:
951:
924:
914:. May 20, 2016
898:
897:
895:
892:
863:
859:
856:
839:
836:
823:
820:
800:
797:
789:periodontology
780:
773:gingivectomies
769:dental surgery
764:
760:
757:
756:
755:
742:
735:
732:carbon dioxide
724:
717:
710:Ablative laser
707:
704:Recanalisation
692:
677:
662:
646:
643:
635:onychogryposis
633:(club nails),
622:
603:
600:
584:endarterectomy
579:
576:
521:
518:
509:in the 1990s.
504:
495:covalent bonds
480:
476:
473:
471:
468:
463:
451:
443:
440:
439:
438:
432:
426:
420:
408:
405:
380:
376:
318:carbon dioxide
290:
289:
282:
279:
278:
271:
265:
264:
256:
255:
238:
237:
152:
150:
143:
136:
135:
106:cleanup reason
90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1974:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1932:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1863:Gaussian beam
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Beam expander
1841:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1784:Laser physics
1781:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1596:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1577:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1546:
1540:
1537:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1513:
1508:
1507:www.Spine.org
1501:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1384:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1341:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1264:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1235:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1209:
1205:
1199:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1168:(2): 155–69.
1167:
1163:
1156:
1153:
1147:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1119:
1116:
1106:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1008:
1003:
1001:9780323444422
997:
993:
989:
982:
979:
974:
968:
964:
963:
955:
952:
947:
943:
939:
935:
928:
925:
913:
909:
903:
900:
893:
891:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
872:genitourinary
869:
858:Other surgery
857:
855:
853:
849:
845:
837:
835:
831:
829:
821:
819:
817:
812:
810:
806:
799:Spine surgery
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
778:
774:
770:
758:
753:
749:
746:
743:
740:
736:
733:
729:
725:
722:
718:
715:
711:
708:
705:
701:
697:
693:
690:
686:
682:
678:
675:
671:
667:
663:
660:
659:photoablation
656:
652:
649:
648:
644:
642:
640:
639:onychomycosis
636:
632:
628:
620:
615:
613:
609:
601:
599:
597:
593:
592:angioplasties
589:
585:
577:
575:
573:
569:
565:
560:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
527:
519:
517:
515:
510:
508:
500:
496:
492:
488:
486:
474:
469:
467:
460:
448:
441:
436:
433:
430:
427:
424:
421:
418:
414:
411:
410:
406:
404:
402:
398:
397:excimer laser
394:
390:
386:
374:
370:
366:
362:
359:) as well as
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
297:is a type of
296:
295:Laser surgery
286:
276:
272:
270:
266:
263:Laser surgery
261:
252:
249:
234:
231:
223:
212:
209:
205:
202:
198:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181: –
180:
176:
175:Find sources:
169:
165:
159:
158:
153:This article
151:
147:
142:
141:
132:
129:
121:
111:
107:
101:
97:
96:
89:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Laser scalpel
1883:Mode locking
1836:Laser optics
1583:
1576:
1567:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1528:. Retrieved
1524:
1515:
1506:
1493:
1448:
1444:
1434:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1353:(1): 53–56.
1350:
1346:
1340:
1331:
1327:
1317:
1300:
1296:
1286:
1277:
1271:
1262:
1256:
1250:(10): 27–28.
1247:
1243:
1237:
1228:
1222:
1211:. Retrieved
1207:
1198:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1136:
1132:
1118:
1105:
1085:
1078:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1046:
1040:
1031:
1025:
1016:
1010:
991:
981:
961:
954:
937:
933:
927:
916:. Retrieved
911:
902:
888:neurosurgery
861:
841:
838:Hard tissues
832:
825:
813:
802:
777:frenectomies
762:
739:liver tumors
668:of stomach,
616:
605:
581:
561:
529:
511:
489:
478:
470:Applications
461:
457:
450:A 40 watt CO
353:orthodontics
341:neurosurgery
334:
326:Nd:YAG laser
315:
301:that uses a
294:
293:
244:
226:
220:January 2012
217:
207:
200:
193:
186:
174:
162:Please help
157:verification
154:
124:
118:January 2012
115:
92:
68:
61:
55:
54:Please help
51:
1913:Q-switching
1774:X-ray laser
1767:Ti-sapphire
1737:Laser diode
1715:Helium–neon
1334:(4): 30–34.
1072:(2): 35–38.
596:anastomosis
556:ReLEx SMILE
520:Eye surgery
112:if you can.
1946:Categories
1530:2017-06-21
1451:: 293582.
1213:2020-05-06
918:2024-08-21
894:References
884:orthopedic
868:gynecology
805:discectomy
745:Endoscopic
728:resections
685:lymph node
631:onychauxis
544:IntraLASIK
524:See also:
361:veterinary
190:newspapers
57:improve it
1878:M squared
1700:Gas laser
1683:Dye laser
1562:1236-1242
1467:2314-6133
1410:0344-5607
1367:0362-2436
852:dentistry
807:to treat
514:lipectomy
442:Equipment
369:coagulate
349:dentistry
309:) to cut
63:talk page
1931:Category
1725:Nitrogen
1485:24967347
1426:23392627
1309:26355439
1190:32295300
1182:22093156
946:28509563
785:implants
670:duodenum
661:is done.
657:- Laser
375:, and CO
93:require
1962:Surgery
1710:Excimer
1476:4055392
1418:6436735
1375:8153804
612:keloids
407:Effects
307:scalpel
299:surgery
275:D053685
204:scholar
95:cleanup
1752:Nd:YAG
1747:Er:YAG
1688:Bubble
1636:Lasers
1591:
1483:
1473:
1465:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1373:
1365:
1307:
1188:
1180:
1093:
998:
969:
944:
886:, and
862:The CO
763:The CO
672:, and
582:Laser
572:retina
540:cornea
507:lasers
501:using
401:tissue
365:ablate
355:, and
328:, and
311:tissue
206:
199:
192:
185:
177:
1757:Raman
1503:(PDF)
1422:S2CID
1347:Spine
1186:S2CID
848:teeth
844:bones
700:lumen
674:colon
536:LASIK
389:LASIK
373:diode
322:argon
303:laser
283:[
211:JSTOR
197:books
1762:Ruby
1589:ISBN
1481:PMID
1463:ISSN
1449:2014
1414:PMID
1406:ISSN
1371:PMID
1363:ISSN
1305:PMID
1178:PMID
1091:ISBN
996:ISBN
988:"24"
967:ISBN
942:PMID
846:and
653:and
269:MeSH
183:news
1720:Ion
1471:PMC
1453:doi
1398:doi
1355:doi
1170:doi
1141:doi
1125:"CO
850:in
826:In
621:(CO
385:eye
345:ENT
166:by
104:No
1948::
1523:.
1505:.
1479:.
1469:.
1461:.
1447:.
1443:.
1420:.
1412:.
1404:.
1392:.
1369:.
1361:.
1351:19
1349:.
1330:.
1326:.
1301:36
1299:.
1295:.
1248:35
1246:.
1206:.
1184:.
1176:.
1166:38
1164:.
1137:16
1135:.
1131:.
1068:.
1064:.
938:37
936:.
910:.
890:.
882:,
878:,
874:,
870:,
854:.
795:.
702:.
617:A
598:.
574:.
534:.
516:.
503:CO
462:CO
403:.
351:,
347:,
343:,
339:,
324:,
320:,
313:.
66:.
1628:e
1621:t
1614:v
1597:.
1533:.
1509:.
1487:.
1455::
1428:.
1400::
1394:7
1377:.
1357::
1332:8
1311:.
1216:.
1192:.
1172::
1149:.
1143::
1127:2
1111:2
1099:.
1070:8
1004:.
975:.
948:.
921:.
864:2
781:2
765:2
754:.
691:.
676:.
623:2
505:2
481:2
464:2
452:2
381:2
377:2
287:]
251:)
245:(
233:)
227:(
222:)
218:(
208:·
201:·
194:·
187:·
160:.
131:)
125:(
120:)
116:(
102:.
73:)
69:(
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
