4251:
121:
4258:
4271:
2074:
503:
576:; and MBLUZ P.5005, a left astragalocalcaneum. Though the choice of a tooth as the type specimen is uncommon for a dinosaur, it was chosen due to being the most distinctive aspect of the anatomy, being a very abundant element of the sample, and the unlikelihood that teeth would be different across sections of the mouth due to the uniformity of the known teeth in related taxa. A later 2021 study by Carlos-Manuel Herrera-Castillo, Sánchez-Villagra, and colleagues described a
4278:
954:
4264:
1990:, growth indicating rings, it was determined that the tibia likely belong to a juvenile around three years old. Contrastingly, the presence of at least nine tightly spaced lines of arrested growth and extensive bone remodelling in the scapula indicated it belonged to a mature adult, likely around ten to twelve years of age. It was noted that all of the specimens lack fibrolamellar bone tissue, associated with high growth rates in ornithischians such as
145:
400:
684:
742:
3429:
2021:
3417:
644:
l elements. Forelimb material was completely absent, and material from the feet was very limited. Much of the material was still unprepared at this time, and it is possible that much more material remains ungathered from the bonebed. Isolated theropod remains were also reported from the bonebed, some
538:
That further material was described in a 2014 paper by a team including
Barrett and Sánchez-Villagra. Through comparisons using newly prepared material as well as new data on the usefulness of identifying features relied on by the 2008 study, it was found that almost all material in the bonebed in
2171:
bonebed remains incompletely studied. The remains are thought to have undergone some degree of low-energy transport, but the lack of any damage to the bones, or signs of plant root damage or insect boring holes, indicate the remains were not exposed for a long time prior to burial. The bonebed is
944:
is wider and lacking in protrusion than other
Jurassic taxa, but is more strongly developed than the shallow crest seen in silesaurs. Similarly, the head of the femur has flat shape as in silesaurs (strongly rounded in other taxa), but projects inwards relative to the femoral shaft as in Jurassic
907:
can be seen in the pelvic anatomy. In addition to its diagnostic features, numerous differences from other individual basal ornithischian taxa were noted, described in detail in the supplementary material of the 2014 description paper. A later 2022 study by David Norman and colleagues concerning
481:
Soon after the transfer of material to the
Universidad SimĂłn BolĂvar, Sánchez-Villagra became aware he was no longer permitted to study it there. He resolved to conduct expeditions to find additional material. The Universidad SimĂłn BolĂvar material has gone unstudied since. A successful trip was
452:
but not to any specific species; this genus, also from the Early
Jurassic, is found in South Africa and Lesotho. Unaware of the French team's discoveries, Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra and colleagues would make their own expeditions into the La Quinta Formation in 1992 and 1993 following initial
776:
run along the entire crown margin (the edge of the exposed tooth). By comparison, the teeth of other primitive ornithischians have a stouter, sub-triangular shape that continues to widen farther up the tooth and only possesses denticles along the top of the crown. Additionally, the teeth of
1071:. A comprehensive study on the classification of early ornithischians by André Fonseca and colleagues found positions within Thyreophora and outside of Genasauria to be plausible, and highlighted the fact the taxon has only received a preliminary description as a factor in its instability.
498:
in London, England, and would bring in Paul
Barrett. He, Novas, Sánchez-Villagra, and colleagues would finally publish on the material in a 2008 paper, identifying a likely new genus of ornithischian among many other indeterminate animals but not naming it until further material was known.
378:. Aspects of its femoral anatomy, possessing only some traits of later relatives, may be demonstrative of an important transitional step in the evolution from earlier types of dinosaur. Regardless of its precise classification, its dating to around 200 million years ago at the start of the
2131:
is thought to have been primarily herbivorous, but the unusually tall structure of the teeth are reminiscent of carnivorous animals, indicating they may have also eaten things like small insects as part of their diet. Similar omnivorous behaviour has been suggested in the fellow primitive
446:(a bone at the back of the skull, articulating with the jaw)—were brought to Paris, with intent to return the material to Venezuela after study, and described by D.E. Russel and colleagues in a 1992 publication. Based on similar cranial anatomy, they were tentatively referred to the genus
2008:, and was suggested to indicate a possible secondary reversal to slower growth relative to ancestral taxa. However, due to the lack of data on ornithischian histology as a whole, as well as the limited sample size available to confirm the lack of that tissue organization in
333:
A small animal, it is thought to have been a lightly built and would not have grown much larger than 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length. One of the first species known to possess the distinctive bird-like hip bone of ornithischians, it would have been a capable
2061:, and its geographic placement in an equatorial region demonstrates early dinosaur presence in equatorial latitudes, as well as such region's role in early dinosaur evolution, something traditionally doubted. Though the genus' presence so soon after the
457:
fossils during the reconnaissance trip, they would go on to rediscover the bonebed during the later expeditions; dinosaur expert James Clark is credited with noticing the locality. A few plaster jackets worth of fossils were recovered and transported to
2035:
hails from the La Quinta
Formation in what is now Colombia and Venezuela, found in the Venezuelan part of the formation. The exact age of the La Quinta Formation was traditionally very unclear, but modern estimates find that the section containing the
474:. Several years later in the late 1990s, Sánchez-Villagra would become aware of the French specimens, which had remained in Paris, and co-ordinate their return to Venezuela as well. They were deposited in the collections of the Museu de BiologĂa de la
2510:
Prasad, Guntupalli V. R.; Parmar, Varun (2020). "First ornithischian and theropod dinosaur teeth from the Middle
Jurassic Kota Formation of India: paleobiogeographic relationships". In Guntupalli V. R. Prasad; Rajeev Patnaik (eds.).
725:
individual could grow to around 1 metre (3.3 ft) in length. However, this individual was a subadult, and more fragmentary remains appear to belong to slightly larger animals. The small size and conservative skeletal anatomy of
584:
that has been prepared and studied since the 2014 paper; at the time of this publication, study and preparation of much material remains ongoing. As it is the oldest reliably dated ornithischian, hailing from the very start of the
547:
derives from the name of the geologic formation and the feminine Greek suffix for lizard; the specific name refers to the country and people of
Venezuela. Among the material, the isolated tooth MBLUZ P.1396 was designated as the
382:
and primitive nature make it a key insight into early ornithischian evolution. Likewise, its discovery was considered significant to the understanding of the geographical distribution of early dinosaurs on the supercontinent of
1985:
of uncertain affinity. Each of these bones were analyzed for indications of age at death; most of the material was found to belong to subadult individual who had not reached skeletal maturity. Based on the presence of only two
319:, where it was discovered and the feminine Greek suffix for lizard, with the specific name referring to the country of Venezuela. It is known from hundreds of fossil elements, all derived from a single extensive
1948:
was studied by Paul Barret and colleagues in 2014, as this could potentially inform on its physiology in life. Six cross-sections of bone were taken from five different specimens, consisting of material from a
323:
locality. Initially discovered by French palaeontologists, numerous expeditions have been conducted to excavate from the bonebed, largely led by
Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra. Once thought to represent remains of
2056:
one of the earliest known members of
Ornithischia, making it important to understanding their early evolution. It provides concrete evidence that they had spread to the northern hemisphere by the start of the
2065:
indicates ornithischians achieved quick expansion in diversity and distribution, its conservative anatomy indicates that increases in body size and anatomical specialization did not occur until later in the
596:, representing a minimum of four individuals and potentially many more. Material that had already been prepared upon publication of the 2014 paper included isolated cranial remains, an abundance of teeth,
2182:. All of this indicates the four or more individuals at the site likely died together and maybe have lived together in life, indicative of social behaviour. Herding is known in ornithischians of the
387:. Previous research had cast doubt on whether dinosaurs lived around the equator during their early evolution, and on when ornithischians first spread to the northern Hemisphere; the discovery of
889:
is inset in the middle from a ventral or posterior view, a derived trait lacking in other primitive taxa, which possess a smooth transition without any notch forming a "step". Finally, the
486:, which produced abundant new material. This was deposited in the MBLUZ, like the original French material. Early preparation of these blocks was reported on at the 1994 conference of the
730:
indicates it had not yet diversified extensively from their ancestral anatomical state. Only later would ornithischians diverge into larger, more specialized animals with traits like
4504:
1027:
outright due to being too fragmentary and lowering the resolution of the results. Some studies, such as that of Matthew G. Baron and David Norman or that of Thomas J. Raven and
423:
remains was first discovered in the 1980s by a team of French palaeontologists conducting a Reconnaissance mission to Venezuela. It was found near a road between the towns of
494:, who had met during the preparation in Buenos Aires, obtained a grant from the Jurassic Foundation to study this material. The project would eventually become based in the
1047:, has been posited as circumstantial evidence of this placement. The analysis of a study on ornithischian phylogeny by P. E. Dieudonné and colleagues in 2021 instead found
338:
runner. Showcasing rather primitive anatomy overall, its most noted characteristics are found in its teeth. Unlike the leaf shaped teeth of related ornithschians, those of
4620:
912:
is the oldest known ornithischian with this trait, which has traditionally been considered a key identifier of the origin of Ornithischia alongside the evolution of the
539:
fact belonged to the previously identified ornithischian taxon. With the entire wealth of material now recognized as belonging to the taxon, they formally named it as
4574:
2127:
also hails from the La Quinta Formation, but is thought to have lived at a later time near the end of the Early Jurassic, around 175 million years ago.
471:
801:. Some teeth are, however, somewhat more recurved than others. Convergently similar anatomy, with a tall tooth construction and striations, does occur
3382:
2545:
4645:
3185:
2269:
Barret, Paul M.; Butlet, Richard J.; Moore-Fay, Scott C.; Novas, Fernando E.; Moody, John M.; Clark, James M.; Sänchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. (2008).
3140:"A sauropod from the Lower Jurassic La Quinta Formation (Dept. Cesar, Colombia) and the initial diversification of eusauropods at low latitudes"
4635:
3461:
3251:
2520:
831:
close to the premaxillo-maxillary suture. Such a high number of premaxillary teeth is uncommon in ornithischians, outside of some members of
2343:
Barrett, Paul M.; Butler, Richard J.; Mundil, Roland; Scheyer, Torsten M.; Irmis, Randall B.; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. (6 August 2014).
703:
animal. The largest femur among the bonebed is 90 millimetres (3.5 in) in length; assuming similar proportions to similar animals like
908:
ornithischian evolution noted features not described in the initial publication. They brought attention to the backward-pointing pubis, as
2194:
would be the first recognized in such an early member of the group (though more recent research has also indicated presence in the genus
839:
elucidates the basal evolution state of Ornithischia, and indicates the species' dental anatomy is very primitive even compared to other
785:
condition of later ornithischians, this dental anatomy is thought to have been uniform throughout the entirety of the mouth, both in the
3047:
2748:
4250:
3179:
Irmis, Randall B.; Mundil, Roland; Mancuso, Adriana Cecilia; Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D.; Ottone, Eduardo; Marsicano, Caudia A. (2022).
3144:
2638:
2480:
2476:"A hidden diversity of ornithischian dinosaurs: U.K. Middle Jurassic microvertebrate faunas shed light on a poorly represented period"
2349:
487:
330:, it was formally named in a 2014 study; much of the abundant material was not yet prepared at the time and research remains ongoing.
2843:(Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Jurassic of southern Africa: implications for basal ornithischian taxonomy and systematics"
4270:
2541:"Taxonomic, palaeobiological and evolutionary implications of a phylogenetic hypothesis for Ornithischia (Archosauria: Dinosauria)"
4640:
3181:"South American Triassic geochronology: Constraints and uncertainties for the tempo of Gondwanan non-marine vertebrate evolution"
4257:
2275:
3138:
RincĂłn, Aldo F.; Raad Pájaro, Daniel A.; JimĂ©nez Velandia, Harold F.; Ezcurra, MartĂn D.; Wilson Mantilla, Jeffrey A. (2022).
1987:
495:
4277:
2634:
Colbert, 1981, from the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation in Arizona Elucidate the Early Evolution of Thyreophoran Dinosaurs"
4625:
4615:
2048:
epoch, around 200 million years ago and potentially as little as one hundred and fifty thousand years from the end of the
1086:
names have been inserted based on definitions established by a paper by Daniel Madzia and colleagues in 2021 for clarity.
4263:
374:
uncertainty has led to conflicting hypotheses that it is either an early diverging ornithischian or part of the subgroup
3280:
2744:(Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) from the Upper Jurassic Shishugou Formation of China and the phylogeny of basal ornithischians"
1975:
1967:
1959:
1951:
938:
914:
891:
883:
875:
863:
855:
817:
795:
787:
638:
630:
622:
614:
606:
598:
578:
570:
562:
515:
507:
440:
344:
144:
4630:
4221:
3378:(Ornithischia: Iguanodontia), and implications for cranial ontogeny, phylogeny, and taxonomy in ornithopod dinosaurs"
4650:
3454:
3407:
2683:
2673:
Breeden III, Benjamin T.; Raven, Thomas J.; Butler, Richard J.; Rowe, Timothy B.; Maidment, Susannah C. R. (2021).
2417:
869:
is highly inflected; in closely related taxa both sides of the ischium form a more continuous, smooth surface. The
2407:
Langer, Max C.; Rincón, Ascanio D.; Ramezani, Jahandar; Solórzano, Andrés; Rauhut, Oliver W.M. (8 October 2014).
660:
3549:
2513:
Biological Consequences of Plate Tectonics: New Perspectives on Post-Gondwana Break-up–A Tribute to Ashok Sahni
773:
2883:
1031:, both in 2017, have found it to be a very early member of the group Thyreophora (armored dinosaurs), as the
987:, but its exact position within this clade are unresolved. The original 2014 description found it in a large
2957:
2891:
2062:
1063:
under alternative nomenclatural schemes), intermediate between the traditional scope of Ornithischia and an
781:
possess uniquely prominent striations on both the inside and outside sides of the tooth. As opposed to the
4529:
3645:
1510:
544:
3373:
2028:
lived, 200 million years ago; as today, Venezuela was located in the northern hemisphere near the equator
4587:
3898:
3447:
1024:
255:
3180:
120:
4561:
4166:
3921:
3307:
Sciscio, Lara; Knoll, Fabien; Bordy, Emese M.; Kock, Michiel O. de; Redelstorff, Ragna (2017-03-01).
3194:
3153:
3139:
3056:
3042:
3010:
2966:
2900:
2739:
2692:
2647:
2629:
2430:
2284:
802:
315:, as well as the first dinosaur to have been identified from Venezuela. The name is derived from the
281:
232:
2475:
4198:
3766:
3285:
1130:
475:
435:
316:
2271:"Dinosaur remains from the La Quinta Formation (Lower or Middle Jurassic) of the Venezuelan Andes"
4483:
4210:
3001:
2926:
2765:
2540:
1064:
467:
139:
4592:
1055:. Similarly, a 2022 study by Baron, Norman, and colleagues found it to be outside of the clade
4579:
4451:
3796:
3354:
3336:
3256:
3223:
3117:
3082:
Madzia, D.; Arbour, V.M.; Boyd, C.A.; Farke, A.A.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Evans, D.C. (2021).
2864:
2816:
2720:
2607:
2516:
2456:
2380:
2232:
Herrera-Castillo, Carlos M.; Carrillo-Briceño, Jorge D.; Sánchez-Villagra, Marcelo R. (2021).
2073:
1028:
769:
711:
2949:"Osteohistology and taphonomy support social aggregation in the early ornithischian dinosaur
4030:
3433:
3421:
3391:
3344:
3326:
3202:
3161:
3107:
3097:
3064:
3018:
2974:
2916:
2908:
2854:
2806:
2796:
2757:
2710:
2700:
2655:
2597:
2587:
2554:
2489:
2446:
2438:
2370:
2362:
2292:
2251:
1496:
1060:
897:
has a broad and deep U-shaped notch on its top surface; a similar V-shaped notch is seen in
741:
4473:
4178:
4046:
3534:
3509:
2001:
668:
274:
225:
2948:
3198:
3157:
3060:
3041:
Fonseca, A.O.; Reid, I.J.; Venner, A.; Duncan, R.J.; Garcia, M.S.; MĂĽller, R.T. (2024).
3014:
2970:
2904:
2696:
2651:
2434:
2345:"A palaeoequatorial ornithischian and new constraints on early dinosaur diversification"
2288:
953:
502:
466:, where Sánchez-Villagra and the team of Guillermo Rougier spent three months partially
4488:
4468:
4419:
4344:
4129:
4039:
3977:
3942:
3862:
3349:
3308:
3112:
3083:
2811:
2784:
2715:
2674:
2602:
2574:"A new early-branching armoured dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic of southwestern China"
2573:
2539:
Norman, David B.; Baron, Matthew G.; Garcia, Mauricio S.; MĂĽller, Rodrigo Temp (2022).
2451:
2408:
2375:
2344:
2270:
2157:
2100:
2045:
1804:
1554:
1360:
1214:
1020:
1011:
959:
904:
899:
840:
806:
656:
491:
432:
359:
355:
30:
2234:"Non-invasive imaging reveals new cranial element of the basal ornithischian dinosaur
939:
864:
399:
4609:
4436:
4386:
4144:
4115:
4101:
4085:
3970:
3963:
3855:
3775:
3699:
3660:
3395:
3228:
2426:
2358:
2183:
2146:
2134:
2079:
1992:
1715:
1271:
999:
811:
717:
705:
651:; sauropod material was also later identified. Dental morphotypes similar to that of
448:
326:
312:
68:
2930:
2769:
2413:-Averostra) from the earliest Jurassic of the La Quinta formation, Venezuelan Andes"
4478:
4429:
4372:
4358:
4351:
4306:
4122:
4077:
4005:
3984:
3887:
3754:
3746:
3722:
3676:
3611:
3598:
3561:
3470:
2679:(Ornithischia: Thyreophora) from the Kayenta Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Arizona"
2123:
2084:
1776:
1739:
1575:
1534:
1452:
1414:
1309:
1107:
1093:
1068:
1056:
1032:
984:
976:
933:
929:
903:, but is less than half as deep. In contrast to these unique traits, ornithischian
832:
683:
459:
303:
296:
205:
3165:
3068:
3023:
2996:
2761:
2659:
2493:
983:
remains somewhat uncertain. It is robustly considered a basal member of the group
4552:
3206:
2558:
764:. The teeth are unusually tall and have their widest point immediately above the
4407:
4379:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4155:
4054:
4019:
3956:
3910:
3835:
3714:
3684:
3637:
3629:
2178:
2140:
2109:
1789:
1673:
1656:
1476:
1294:
1176:
1016:
1005:
968:
850:
647:
553:
523:
375:
364:
43:
915:
892:
818:
788:
639:
579:
4400:
4393:
4187:
4136:
4108:
4093:
4069:
4012:
3991:
3869:
3848:
3824:
3817:
3803:
3789:
3738:
3730:
3706:
2187:
2173:
2152:
2041:
1997:
1632:
1592:
1428:
1247:
1166:
1052:
870:
782:
765:
731:
454:
428:
351:
345:
111:
88:
53:
3340:
2868:
599:
441:
4365:
3998:
3782:
3668:
2164:
1982:
1952:
1941:
856:
796:
761:
735:
664:
631:
571:
516:
463:
371:
311:. It is known for being one of the and most primitive ornithischians in the
156:
93:
37:
3358:
3121:
2995:
Dieudonné, P.E.; Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Godefroit, P.; Tortosa, T. (2021).
2921:
2820:
2724:
2611:
2460:
2384:
2366:
2255:
2020:
884:
623:
615:
607:
470:
the fossils. The fossils were then returned to Venezuela, being brought to
3252:"Tachiraptor admirabilis: New Carnivorous Dinosaur Unearthed in Venezuela"
1968:
1960:
876:
563:
508:
4546:
4316:
3810:
3653:
3518:
3494:
2172:
entirely devoid of microfossils, invertebrates, or plant remains, and is
2118:
2104:
2067:
2058:
2049:
1153:
993:
988:
828:
745:
586:
557:
549:
424:
379:
299:
189:
176:
128:
83:
78:
63:
58:
48:
3102:
3043:"A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis on early ornithischian evolution"
2705:
2592:
2442:
2176:
barren; the only other animal found at the site is the scant remains of
1976:
4444:
3876:
3500:
3331:
2978:
2912:
2801:
2296:
2242:
815:, which nonetheless has a differing tooth shape and denticulation. The
700:
528:
483:
416:
404:
384:
342:
had a distinctive triangular shape, with distinct striations and sharp
335:
320:
98:
73:
2859:
2838:
2738:
Han, Fenglu; Forster, Catherine A.; Xu, Xing; Clark, James M. (2017).
3488:
2233:
1023:. Some later phylogenetic analyses have had to remove the taxon from
166:
4523:
2837:
Baron, Matthew G.; Norman, David B.; Barrett, Paul M. (2017-01-01).
2785:"A new basal ornithopod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China"
438:. These initial French discoveries—two teeth and the fragment of a
3317:
3088:
2578:
2072:
2019:
1083:
952:
925:
740:
682:
501:
398:
4566:
2515:. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland. pp. 1–30.
4062:
843:
4527:
4293:
3596:
3481:
3443:
3439:
2947:
Botha, Jennifer; Choiniere, Jonah N.; Barrett, Paul M. (2022).
2572:
Yao, X.; Barrett, P. M.; Lei, Y.; Xu, X.; Bi, S. (2022-03-15).
853:
also possesses distinguishing traits. The upper surface of the
691:, based on known remains; adults may have grown slightly larger
2675:"The anatomy and palaeobiology of the early armoured dinosaur
2474:
Wills, Simon; Underwood, Charlie J.; Barrett, Paul M. (2024).
695:
Like other early members of Ornithischia, it is assumed that
3218:
3216:
2884:"A new phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria, Ornithischia)"
3084:"The phylogenetic nomenclature of ornithischian dinosaurs"
3313:
with insight into the tooth replacement process and diet"
350:
running down the edges. These may have contributed to an
827:
has seven teeth in each position and does not present a
2783:
Yang, Y.; Wu, W.; Dieudonné, P.; Godefroit, P. (2020).
2227:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2156:
before disappearing in more derived relatives such as
1078:(2017) is shown immediately below, and that of Norman
354:
diet unlike those of later relatives. They would have
4505:
List of stratigraphic units with ornithischian tracks
3405:
592:
Hundreds of individual fossil elements are known for
3309:"Digital reconstruction of the mandible of an adult
4536:
4497:
4461:
4417:
4304:
4209:
4186:
4177:
4154:
4029:
3940:
3909:
3886:
3834:
3765:
3609:
3560:
3533:
636:, pelvic and hindlimb material, and other isolated
589:, its discovery is considered to very significant.
2628:Breeden III, Bejamin T.; Rowe, Timothy B. (2020).
1051:in a more primitive position outside of the clade
391:demonstrated both at a very early point in time.
2990:
2988:
928:anatomy may be intermediate to that of Triassic
849:Though less distinctive than the dentition, the
482:organized in December 1993 with a new team from
3281:"New Fox-Sized Dinosaur Unearthed In Venezuela"
3036:
3034:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2103:, with both arid and humid seasons. The early
2004:. This is similar to small thyreophorans like
3455:
3133:
3131:
2623:
2621:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2316:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2306:
8:
3372:HĂĽbner, Tom R.; Rauhut, Oliver W.M. (2010).
2942:
2940:
2832:
2830:
2534:
2532:
2505:
2503:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2396:
2394:
2138:, as well as more tentatively in taxa like
4524:
4301:
4290:
4183:
3948:
3840:
3621:
3617:
3606:
3593:
3539:
3530:
3478:
3462:
3448:
3440:
2087:; it may have shared omnivorous diet with
2024:Arrangement of the continents at the time
407:in Venezuela, where all known material of
362:and being preyed upon by the contemporary
119:
20:
4621:Early Jurassic dinosaurs of South America
3383:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3348:
3330:
3111:
3101:
3022:
2920:
2858:
2847:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2810:
2800:
2714:
2704:
2601:
2591:
2546:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
2450:
2374:
3186:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
2997:"A new phylogeny of cerapodan dinosaurs"
3412:
2207:
752:, showing its distinct triangular shape
527:, whose remains were found in the same
3224:"New dinosaur discovered in Venezuela"
2882:Raven, T.j.; Maidment, S.C.R. (2017).
2012:, these conclusions remain uncertain.
1067:of animals that traditionally compose
967:may have been an early member of the
7:
2099:lived in is thought to represent an
3048:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
2749:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
1782:
1755:
1731:
1707:
1648:
1624:
1617:
1567:
1560:
1550:
1526:
1502:
1492:
1468:
1444:
1420:
1410:
1287:
1263:
1239:
1189:
1182:
1172:
1145:
1123:
1099:
1089:
671:, more than 30 million years after
453:reconnaissance in 1989. Finding no
3145:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2639:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2481:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2350:Proceedings of the Royal Society B
488:Society of Vertebrate Paleontology
14:
3279:Charles Q. Choi (6 August 2014).
2117:, and likely preyed upon it. The
4276:
4269:
4262:
4256:
4249:
3427:
3415:
3396:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2010.00620.x
3193:: 10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103770.
2052:period. This very old age makes
756:The most distinctive anatomy of
645:of which was later described as
143:
4646:Ornithischians of South America
1082:(2022) is shown at the bottom.
568:; MBLUZ P.5018, a partial left
2238:, Early Jurassic of Venezuela"
924:. Furthermore, they noted its
427:and Seboruco, in the state of
1:
4636:Fossil taxa described in 2014
3376:Dysalotosaurus lettowvorbecki
3166:10.1080/02724634.2021.2077112
3069:10.1080/14772019.2024.2346577
3024:10.1080/08912963.2020.1793979
2762:10.1080/14772019.2017.1369185
2660:10.1080/08912963.2020.1793979
2494:10.1080/02724634.2024.2323646
1039:. Bone histology, similar to
663:in England. They date to the
659:in India as well as from the
655:have been described from the
431:, in rocks pertaining to the
3207:10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103770
2276:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
2113:would have lived alongside
768:; the result of this is an
4667:
3311:Lesothosaurus diagnosticus
2951:Lesothosaurus diagnosticus
2841:Lesothosaurus diagnosticus
2684:Royal Society Open Science
2559:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac062
2418:Royal Society Open Science
2409:"New dinosaur (Theropoda,
16:Extinct genus of dinosaurs
4300:
4289:
4246:
3951:
3843:
3624:
3620:
3605:
3592:
3542:
3529:
3477:
1802:
1787:
1780:
1760:
1753:
1736:
1729:
1712:
1705:
1670:
1653:
1646:
1629:
1622:
1615:
1589:
1572:
1565:
1558:
1548:
1531:
1524:
1507:
1500:
1490:
1473:
1466:
1449:
1442:
1425:
1418:
1358:
1307:
1292:
1285:
1268:
1261:
1244:
1237:
1211:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1170:
1150:
1143:
1128:
1121:
1104:
1097:
1074:The cladogram from Baron
873:at the connection of the
661:White Limestone Formation
472:Universidad SimĂłn BolĂvar
295:is a genus of Venezuelan
261:
254:
140:Scientific classification
138:
127:
118:
23:
2839:"Postcranial anatomy of
2740:"Postcranial anatomy of
2236:Laquintasaura venezuelae
560:MBLUZ P.5017, a partial
541:Laquintasaura venezuelae
308:Laquintasaura venezuelae
268:Laquintasaura venezuelae
133:Laquintasaura venezuelae
4641:Jurassic ornithischians
2091:lost in later relatives
2063:end-Triassic extinction
721:, it was estimated the
490:. Sánchez-Villagra and
358:, living on a seasonal
2677:Scutellosaurus lawleri
2632:Scutellosaurus Lawleri
2367:10.1098/rspb.2014.1147
2256:10.5281/zenodo.5571307
2190:, but its presence in
2092:
2029:
1511:Diodorus scytobrachion
972:
753:
692:
535:
496:Natural History Museum
412:
4588:Paleobiology Database
3374:"A juvenile skull of
2076:
2040:bonebed dates to the
2023:
1025:phylogenetic analyses
956:
920:bone, unpreserved in
744:
686:
505:
402:
4626:Fossils of Venezuela
4616:Ornithischian genera
861:further up than the
835:. The high count in
476:Universidad de Zulia
395:Discovery and naming
302:containing only the
3767:Heterodontosauridae
3286:The Huffington Post
3199:2022JSAES.11603770I
3158:2022JVPal..42E7112R
3103:10.7717/peerj.12362
3061:2024JSPal..2246577F
3015:2021HBio...33.2335D
2971:2022Palgy..6512619B
2905:2017Palgy..60..401R
2706:10.1098/rsos.201676
2697:2021RSOS....801676B
2652:2021HBio...33.2335D
2593:10.7554/eLife.75248
2443:10.1098/rsos.140184
2435:2014RSOS....140184L
2289:2008PalZ...82..163B
2095:The ecosystem that
1131:Heterodontosauridae
436:La Quinta Formation
317:La Quinta Formation
4631:Jurassic Venezuela
4484:Hypsilophodontidae
4222:Pachycephalosauria
4211:Pachycephalosauria
3332:10.7717/peerj.3054
3002:Historical Biology
2979:10.1111/pala.12619
2913:10.1111/pala.12291
2802:10.7717/peerj.9832
2630:"New Specimens of
2297:10.1007/bf02988407
2093:
2030:
973:
754:
693:
536:
413:
247:L. venezuelae
4651:Hettangian genera
4603:
4602:
4530:Taxon identifiers
4521:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4513:
4512:
4452:Serendipaceratops
4285:
4284:
4244:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4231:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3931:
3797:Heterodontosaurus
3588:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3260:. 10 October 2014
3009:(10): 2335–2355.
2860:10.1111/zoj.12434
2756:(14): 1159–1187.
2522:978-3-030-49752-1
2002:marginocephalians
1932:
1931:
1923:
1922:
1914:
1913:
1905:
1904:
1896:
1895:
1887:
1886:
1878:
1877:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1815:
1814:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1684:
1604:
1603:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1389:
1388:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1347:
1346:
1338:
1337:
1329:
1328:
1320:
1319:
1226:
1225:
1029:Susannah Maidment
979:relationships of
940:fourth trochanter
865:obturator process
770:isoceles triangle
712:Heterodontosaurus
288:
287:
235:
4658:
4596:
4595:
4583:
4582:
4570:
4569:
4557:
4556:
4555:
4525:
4302:
4291:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4260:
4254:
4253:
4184:
4031:Thescelosauridae
3949:
3841:
3622:
3618:
3607:
3594:
3540:
3531:
3524:
3523:
3479:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3441:
3432:
3431:
3430:
3420:
3419:
3418:
3411:
3400:
3399:
3369:
3363:
3362:
3352:
3334:
3304:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3276:
3270:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3220:
3211:
3210:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3135:
3126:
3125:
3115:
3105:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3026:
2992:
2983:
2982:
2944:
2935:
2934:
2924:
2888:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2862:
2834:
2825:
2824:
2814:
2804:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2718:
2708:
2670:
2664:
2663:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2605:
2595:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2553:(4): 1273–1309.
2536:
2527:
2526:
2507:
2498:
2497:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2454:
2404:
2389:
2388:
2378:
2340:
2301:
2300:
2266:
2260:
2259:
2229:
2083:, another early
1978:
1970:
1962:
1954:
1783:
1756:
1732:
1708:
1649:
1625:
1618:
1568:
1561:
1551:
1527:
1503:
1497:Sulcimentisauria
1493:
1469:
1445:
1421:
1411:
1288:
1264:
1240:
1190:
1183:
1173:
1146:
1124:
1100:
1090:
1061:Saphornithischia
1019:, and the clade
969:armored dinosaur
941:
917:
894:
886:
878:
866:
858:
820:
798:
790:
760:is found in its
687:Size diagram of
641:
633:
625:
617:
609:
601:
581:
573:
565:
518:
510:
443:
403:Locality of the
347:
270:
266:
224:
217:
204:
148:
147:
123:
110:
40:
29:Temporal range:
21:
4666:
4665:
4661:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4591:
4586:
4578:
4573:
4565:
4560:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4532:
4522:
4509:
4493:
4474:Phytodinosauria
4457:
4413:
4296:
4281:
4268:
4261:
4248:
4228:
4205:
4179:Marginocephalia
4173:
4150:
4047:Changchunsaurus
4025:
3945:
3928:
3905:
3882:
3830:
3761:
3614:
3601:
3576:
3556:
3550:Avemetatarsalia
3535:Avemetatarsalia
3525:
3510:Avemetatarsalia
3484:
3483:
3473:
3468:
3438:
3428:
3426:
3416:
3414:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3371:
3370:
3366:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3291:
3289:
3278:
3277:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3235:
3233:
3232:. 6 August 2014
3222:
3221:
3214:
3178:
3177:
3173:
3152:(1): e2077112.
3137:
3136:
3129:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3040:
3039:
3032:
2994:
2993:
2986:
2946:
2945:
2938:
2886:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2672:
2671:
2667:
2646:(4): e1791894.
2627:
2626:
2619:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2538:
2537:
2530:
2523:
2509:
2508:
2501:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2406:
2405:
2392:
2342:
2341:
2304:
2268:
2267:
2263:
2231:
2230:
2209:
2204:
2174:palynologically
2018:
1980:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1938:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1870:
1861:
1852:
1843:
1834:
1825:
1816:
1695:
1686:
1605:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1227:
951:
943:
919:
896:
888:
880:
868:
860:
822:
807:neornithischian
800:
792:
681:
669:Middle Jurassic
643:
635:
627:
619:
611:
603:
583:
575:
567:
520:
512:
445:
397:
356:lived in groups
349:
284:
272:
264:
263:
250:
223:
215:
202:
142:
114:
109:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
35:
34:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4664:
4662:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4608:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4584:
4571:
4558:
4542:
4540:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4519:
4518:
4515:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4501:
4499:
4498:Other articles
4495:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4489:Jeholosauridae
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4469:Ornithoscelida
4465:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4448:
4441:
4433:
4425:
4423:
4420:Incertae sedis
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4345:Ferganocephale
4341:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4312:
4310:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4287:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4215:
4213:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4192:
4190:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4160:
4158:
4152:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4141:
4133:
4130:Thescelosaurus
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4066:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4040:Albertadromeus
4035:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3981:
3978:Kulindadromeus
3974:
3967:
3960:
3952:
3946:
3943:Neornithischia
3941:
3938:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3892:
3890:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3863:Scutellosaurus
3859:
3852:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3828:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3751:
3743:
3735:
3727:
3719:
3711:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3681:
3673:
3665:
3657:
3650:
3642:
3634:
3625:
3615:
3610:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3553:
3552:
3543:
3537:
3527:
3526:
3522:
3521:
3512:
3503:
3497:
3491:
3482:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3444:
3437:
3436:
3424:
3402:
3401:
3390:(2): 366–396.
3364:
3299:
3271:
3243:
3212:
3171:
3127:
3074:
3055:(1): 2346577.
3030:
2984:
2936:
2899:(3): 401–408.
2874:
2853:(1): 125–168.
2826:
2775:
2742:Yinlong downsi
2730:
2665:
2617:
2564:
2528:
2521:
2499:
2466:
2390:
2302:
2283:(2): 163–177.
2261:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2158:iguanodontians
2132:ornithischian
2101:alluvial plain
2046:Early Jurassic
2017:
2014:
2006:Scutellosaurus
1974:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1903:
1902:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1821:
1818:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1805:Neornithischia
1801:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1720:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1602:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1571:
1566:
1564:
1559:
1557:
1555:Parapredentata
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1506:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1482:
1481:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1424:
1419:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1369:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:Neornithischia
1357:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1267:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1243:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1215:Scutellosaurus
1210:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1088:
1041:Scutellosaurus
1037:Scutellosaurus
1021:Neornithischia
1012:Scutellosaurus
960:Scutellosaurus
950:
949:Classification
947:
937:
934:ornithischians
913:
905:synapomorphies
900:Scutellosaurus
890:
882:
874:
862:
854:
841:Early Jurassic
816:
794:
786:
772:shape. Coarse
736:quadrupedality
680:
677:
657:Kota Formation
637:
629:
621:
613:
605:
597:
577:
569:
561:
552:, forming the
514:
506:
492:Fernando Novas
439:
433:Early Jurassic
411:has been found
396:
393:
360:alluvial plain
343:
286:
285:
273:
259:
258:
252:
251:
243:
241:
237:
236:
213:
209:
208:
200:
193:
192:
187:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
136:
135:
129:Reconstruction
125:
124:
116:
115:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
41:
31:Early Jurassic
28:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4663:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4594:
4589:
4585:
4581:
4576:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4559:
4554:
4548:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4538:Laquintasaura
4535:
4531:
4526:
4506:
4503:
4502:
4500:
4496:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4438:
4437:Dravidosaurus
4434:
4432:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4387:Syngonosaurus
4384:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4299:
4292:
4288:
4279:
4275:
4272:
4265:
4259:
4252:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4176:
4168:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4145:Zephyrosaurus
4142:
4139:
4138:
4134:
4132:
4131:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4120:
4118:
4117:
4116:Oryctodromeus
4113:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4102:Nevadadromeus
4099:
4096:
4095:
4091:
4088:
4087:
4086:Koreanosaurus
4083:
4080:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4003:
4001:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3971:Hypsilophodon
3968:
3966:
3965:
3964:Hexinlusaurus
3961:
3959:
3958:
3954:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3944:
3939:
3923:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3894:
3893:
3891:
3889:
3885:
3879:
3878:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3867:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3856:Scelidosaurus
3853:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3813:
3812:
3808:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3787:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3776:Abrictosaurus
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3700:Lesothosaurus
3697:
3695:
3694:
3693:Laquintasaura
3690:
3687:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3661:Eucoelophysis
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3591:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3520:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3480:
3476:
3472:
3465:
3460:
3458:
3453:
3451:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3435:
3425:
3423:
3413:
3409:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3377:
3368:
3365:
3360:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3303:
3300:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3275:
3272:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3231:
3230:
3229:Royal Society
3225:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3175:
3172:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3075:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2965:(4): e12619.
2964:
2960:
2959:
2958:Palaeontology
2954:
2952:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2922:10044/1/45349
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2892:Palaeontology
2885:
2878:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2831:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2779:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2745:
2743:
2734:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2666:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2633:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2547:
2542:
2535:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2518:
2514:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2470:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2427:Royal Society
2424:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2359:Royal Society
2356:
2352:
2351:
2346:
2339:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2237:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2196:Lesothosaurus
2193:
2192:Laquintasaura
2189:
2185:
2184:Late Jurassic
2181:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2169:Laquintasaura
2166:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2148:
2147:Hypsilophodon
2143:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2135:Lesothosaurus
2130:
2129:Laquintasaura
2126:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2115:Laquintasaura
2112:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2097:Laquintasaura
2090:
2089:Laquintasaura
2086:
2085:ornithischian
2082:
2081:
2080:Lesothosaurus
2075:
2071:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2054:Laquintasaura
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2038:Laquintasaura
2034:
2033:Laquintasaura
2027:
2026:Laquintasaura
2022:
2016:Palaeoecology
2015:
2013:
2011:
2010:Laquintasaura
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1993:Lesothosaurus
1989:
1984:
1979:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1946:Laquintasaura
1943:
1936:Palaeobiology
1935:
1928:
1927:
1919:
1918:
1910:
1909:
1901:
1900:
1892:
1891:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1856:
1855:
1847:
1846:
1838:
1837:
1829:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1811:
1810:
1807:
1806:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1792:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1765:
1764:Laquintasaura
1758:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1718:
1717:
1716:Eucoelophysis
1710:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1690:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1634:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1613:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1529:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1447:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1422:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1393:
1385:
1384:
1376:
1375:
1367:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1334:
1333:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1272:Scelidosaurus
1266:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:Laquintasaura
1192:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1148:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:Laquintasaura
1046:
1045:Lesothosaurus
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1002:
1001:
1000:Lesothosaurus
996:
995:
990:
986:
982:
981:Laquintasaura
978:
970:
966:
965:Laquintasaura
962:
961:
957:Thyreophoran
955:
948:
946:
942:
935:
932:and Jurassic
931:
927:
923:
922:Laquintasaura
918:
911:
910:Laquintasaura
906:
902:
901:
895:
887:
879:
872:
867:
859:
852:
847:
845:
842:
838:
837:Laquintasaura
834:
830:
826:
825:L. venezuelae
821:
814:
813:
812:Hexinlusaurus
808:
804:
799:
791:
784:
780:
779:Laquintasaura
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
758:Laquintasaura
751:
750:Laquintasaura
747:
743:
739:
737:
733:
729:
728:Laquintasaura
724:
723:Laquintasaura
720:
719:
718:Hexinlusaurus
714:
713:
708:
707:
706:Hypsilophodon
702:
698:
697:Laquintasaura
690:
689:Laquintasaura
685:
678:
676:
674:
673:Laquintasaura
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
653:Laquintasaura
650:
649:
642:
634:
628:vertebrae, a
626:
618:
610:
602:
595:
594:Laquintasaura
590:
588:
582:
574:
566:
559:
555:
551:
546:
542:
534:
533:Laquintasaura
530:
526:
525:
519:
511:
504:
500:
497:
493:
489:
485:
479:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
456:
451:
450:
449:Lesothosaurus
444:
437:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:Laquintasaura
418:
410:
409:Laquintasaura
406:
401:
394:
392:
390:
389:Laquintasaura
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
367:
366:
361:
357:
353:
348:
341:
340:Laquintasaura
337:
331:
329:
328:
327:Lesothosaurus
322:
318:
314:
313:fossil record
310:
309:
305:
301:
298:
297:ornithischian
294:
293:
292:Laquintasaura
283:
279:
276:
271:
269:
260:
257:
256:Binomial name
253:
249:
248:
242:
239:
238:
234:
230:
227:
222:
221:
220:Laquintasaura
214:
211:
210:
207:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
146:
141:
137:
134:
130:
126:
122:
117:
113:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
39:
32:
26:
25:Laquintasaura
22:
19:
4537:
4479:Silesauridae
4450:
4443:
4435:
4430:Ajkaceratops
4428:
4418:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4373:Notoceratops
4371:
4364:
4359:Gongbusaurus
4357:
4352:Geranosaurus
4350:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4307:Nomina dubia
4305:
4255:
4143:
4135:
4128:
4123:Parksosaurus
4121:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4092:
4084:
4078:Jeholosaurus
4076:
4068:
4061:
4053:
4045:
4038:
4018:
4011:
4006:Sanxiasaurus
4004:
3997:
3990:
3985:Minimocursor
3983:
3976:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3899:Ankylosauria
3888:Ankylosauria
3875:
3868:
3861:
3854:
3847:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3755:Technosaurus
3753:
3747:Soumyasaurus
3745:
3737:
3729:
3723:Pisanosaurus
3721:
3713:
3705:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3683:
3677:Ignotosaurus
3675:
3667:
3659:
3652:
3644:
3636:
3628:
3612:Ornithischia
3599:Ornithischia
3562:Ornithischia
3514:
3505:
3471:Ornithischia
3387:
3381:
3375:
3367:
3322:
3316:
3310:
3302:
3290:. Retrieved
3284:
3274:
3262:. Retrieved
3255:
3246:
3234:. Retrieved
3227:
3190:
3184:
3174:
3149:
3143:
3093:
3087:
3077:
3052:
3046:
3006:
3000:
2962:
2956:
2950:
2896:
2890:
2877:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2733:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2668:
2643:
2637:
2631:
2583:
2577:
2567:
2550:
2544:
2512:
2485:
2479:
2469:
2422:
2416:
2410:
2361:: 20141147.
2354:
2348:
2280:
2274:
2264:
2247:
2241:
2235:
2195:
2191:
2177:
2168:
2162:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2128:
2124:Perijasaurus
2122:
2114:
2108:
2096:
2094:
2088:
2078:
2053:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2025:
2009:
2005:
1991:
1945:
1939:
1803:
1788:
1777:Prionodontia
1763:
1762:
1761:
1740:Pisanosaurus
1738:
1737:
1714:
1713:
1672:
1671:
1655:
1654:
1631:
1630:
1591:
1590:
1576:Ignotosaurus
1574:
1573:
1535:Technosaurus
1533:
1532:
1509:
1508:
1475:
1474:
1453:Soumyasaurus
1451:
1450:
1427:
1426:
1415:Ornithischia
1359:
1310:Ankylosauria
1308:
1293:
1270:
1269:
1246:
1245:
1213:
1212:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1152:
1151:
1129:
1108:Pisanosaurus
1106:
1105:
1094:Ornithischia
1079:
1075:
1073:
1069:Silesauridae
1057:Prionodontia
1048:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1033:sister taxon
1015:, the clade
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
985:Ornithischia
980:
977:phylogenetic
974:
964:
958:
921:
909:
898:
848:
836:
833:Ankylosauria
824:
810:
803:convergently
778:
757:
755:
749:
727:
722:
716:
710:
704:
699:was a lithe
696:
694:
688:
672:
652:
646:
593:
591:
545:generic name
540:
537:
532:
522:
480:
460:Buenos Aires
447:
420:
414:
408:
388:
370:
363:
339:
332:
325:
307:
306:
304:type species
291:
290:
289:
277:
267:
262:
246:
245:
228:
219:
218:
206:Ornithischia
196:
183:
132:
36:200.91
24:
18:
4408:Trimucrodon
4380:Siluosaurus
4338:Fabrosaurus
4331:Craspedodon
4324:Bienosaurus
4167:Ornithopoda
4156:Ornithopoda
4055:Changmiania
4020:Yandusaurus
3957:Agilisaurus
3922:Stegosauria
3911:Stegosauria
3836:Thyreophora
3715:Lutungutali
3685:Kwanasaurus
3638:Asilisaurus
3630:Amanasaurus
2429:: 140–184.
2179:Tachiraptor
2141:Agilisaurus
2110:Tachiraptor
2044:age of the
1998:ornithopods
1790:Thyreophora
1674:Kwanasaurus
1657:Lutungutali
1477:Asilisaurus
1295:Stegosauria
1177:Thyreophora
1043:but unlike
1017:Thyreophora
1006:Stormbergia
851:postcranium
679:Description
667:age of the
648:Tachiraptor
554:type series
524:Tachiraptor
376:Thyreophora
365:Tachiraptor
4610:Categories
4462:Other taxa
4401:Tichosteus
4394:Tatisaurus
4199:Ceratopsia
4188:Ceratopsia
4137:Yueosaurus
4109:Orodromeus
4094:Nanosaurus
4013:Xiaosaurus
3992:Nanosaurus
3870:Yuxisaurus
3849:Emausaurus
3825:Tianyulong
3818:Pegomastax
3804:Lycorhinus
3790:Fruitadens
3739:Silesaurus
3731:Sacisaurus
3707:Lewisuchus
3571:see below↓
3519:Dinosauria
3501:Sauropsida
3264:August 12,
3096:: e12362.
2586:: e75248.
2202:References
2188:Cretaceous
2153:Orodromeus
2042:Hettangian
1633:Sacisaurus
1593:Silesaurus
1429:Lewisuchus
1248:Emausaurus
1167:Genasauria
1053:Genasauria
916:predentary
893:astragalus
871:epicondyle
819:premaxilla
789:premaxilla
783:heterodont
766:tooth root
640:postcrania
580:premaxilla
478:(MBLUZ).
455:vertebrate
352:omnivorous
190:Dinosauria
112:Hettangian
4553:Q17486753
4366:Laosaurus
3999:Phyllodon
3783:Echinodon
3669:Gamatavus
3487:Kingdom:
3434:Venezuela
3422:Dinosaurs
3341:2167-8359
3325:: e3054.
2869:0024-4082
2795:: e9832.
2250:: 53–60.
2165:taphonomy
2121:dinosaur
2107:dinosaur
2077:Skull of
1983:long bone
1942:histology
1940:The bone
945:species.
930:silesaurs
809:dinosaur
774:denticles
762:dentition
748:tooth of
665:Bathonian
558:paratypes
468:preparing
464:Argentina
419:of known
372:Taxonomic
346:denticles
240:Species:
163:Kingdom:
157:Eukaryota
4567:47460236
4547:Wikidata
4317:Alocodon
4295:See also
3811:Manidens
3654:Eocursor
3646:Diodorus
3495:Chordata
3493:Phylum:
3489:Animalia
3359:28265518
3292:7 August
3257:Sci-News
3236:7 August
3122:34966571
2931:55613546
2821:33194351
2770:90051025
2725:34295511
2612:35289749
2461:26064540
2385:25100698
2357:(1791).
2119:sauropod
2105:theropod
2068:Jurassic
2059:Jurassic
2050:Triassic
1981:, and a
1154:Eocursor
994:Eocursor
989:polytomy
881:and the
829:diastema
793:and the
746:Holotype
600:cervical
587:Jurassic
550:holotype
442:quadrate
425:La Grita
380:Jurassic
300:dinosaur
177:Chordata
173:Phylum:
167:Animalia
153:Domain:
4580:1482153
4445:Jakapil
3877:Jakapil
3499:Class:
3408:Portals
3350:5335715
3195:Bibcode
3154:Bibcode
3113:8667728
3057:Bibcode
3011:Bibcode
2967:Bibcode
2901:Bibcode
2812:7485509
2716:8292774
2693:Bibcode
2648:Bibcode
2603:8929930
2452:4448901
2431:Bibcode
2376:4132680
2285:Bibcode
2243:Anartia
2167:of the
1953:scapula
1059:(known
971:lineage
926:femoral
857:ischium
805:in the
797:maxilla
701:bipedal
675:lived.
632:scapula
572:ischium
529:bonebed
517:ischium
484:Caracas
429:Táchira
417:bonebed
405:bonebed
385:Pangaea
336:bipedal
321:bonebed
275:Barrett
265:†
244:†
226:Barrett
212:Genus:
105:↓
4593:302025
3357:
3347:
3339:
3120:
3110:
2929:
2867:
2819:
2809:
2768:
2723:
2713:
2610:
2600:
2519:
2459:
2449:
2383:
2373:
2150:, and
2000:, and
1988:annuli
1080:et al.
1076:et al.
936:. Its
885:fibula
715:, and
624:caudal
620:, and
616:sacral
608:dorsal
543:. The
278:et al.
229:et al.
4575:IRMNG
3515:Clade
3506:Clade
3318:PeerJ
3089:PeerJ
2927:S2CID
2887:(PDF)
2789:PeerJ
2766:S2CID
2691:(7).
2579:eLife
2488:(5).
2425:(2).
1969:femur
1961:tibia
1084:Clade
1065:grade
991:with
877:femur
732:armor
564:femur
556:with
509:Tibia
197:Clade
184:Clade
4220:see
4197:see
4165:see
4070:Haya
4063:Fona
3920:see
3897:see
3548:see
3355:PMID
3337:ISSN
3294:2014
3266:2022
3238:2014
3118:PMID
2897:2017
2865:ISSN
2817:PMID
2721:PMID
2608:PMID
2517:ISBN
2457:PMID
2411:stem
2381:PMID
2186:and
2163:The
1973:, a
1965:, a
975:The
844:taxa
734:and
513:and
415:The
282:2014
233:2014
44:Preęž’
4562:EoL
3392:doi
3388:160
3345:PMC
3327:doi
3203:doi
3191:116
3162:doi
3108:PMC
3098:doi
3065:doi
3019:doi
2975:doi
2917:hdl
2909:doi
2855:doi
2851:179
2807:PMC
2797:doi
2758:doi
2711:PMC
2701:doi
2656:doi
2598:PMC
2588:doi
2555:doi
2551:196
2490:doi
2447:PMC
2439:doi
2371:PMC
2363:doi
2355:281
2293:doi
2252:doi
2198:).
1977:rib
1944:of
1035:of
823:of
531:as
521:of
462:in
131:of
4612::
4590::
4577::
4564::
4549::
3517::
3508::
3386:.
3380:.
3353:.
3343:.
3335:.
3321:.
3315:.
3283:.
3254:.
3226:.
3215:^
3201:.
3189:.
3183:.
3160:.
3150:42
3148:.
3142:.
3130:^
3116:.
3106:.
3092:.
3086:.
3063:.
3053:22
3051:.
3045:.
3033:^
3017:.
3007:33
3005:.
2999:.
2987:^
2973:.
2963:65
2961:.
2955:.
2939:^
2925:.
2915:.
2907:.
2895:.
2889:.
2863:.
2849:.
2845:.
2829:^
2815:.
2805:.
2791:.
2787:.
2764:.
2754:16
2752:.
2746:.
2719:.
2709:.
2699:.
2687:.
2681:.
2654:.
2644:40
2642:.
2636:.
2620:^
2606:.
2596:.
2584:11
2582:.
2576:.
2549:.
2543:.
2531:^
2502:^
2486:43
2484:.
2478:.
2455:.
2445:.
2437:.
2421:.
2415:.
2393:^
2379:.
2369:.
2353:.
2347:.
2305:^
2291:.
2281:82
2279:.
2273:.
2248:32
2246:.
2240:.
2210:^
2160:.
2144:,
2070:.
1996:,
1957:,
1009:,
1003:,
997:,
963:;
846:.
738:.
709:,
612:,
604:,
368:.
280:,
231:,
199::
186::
94:Pg
38:Ma
33:,
4440:?
4140:?
4097:?
4089:?
4081:?
4073:?
4058:?
4050:?
3758:?
3750:?
3742:?
3734:?
3726:?
3718:?
3710:?
3688:?
3680:?
3672:?
3664:?
3649:?
3641:?
3633:?
3463:e
3456:t
3449:v
3410::
3398:.
3394::
3361:.
3329::
3323:5
3296:.
3268:.
3240:.
3209:.
3205::
3197::
3168:.
3164::
3156::
3124:.
3100::
3094:9
3071:.
3067::
3059::
3027:.
3021::
3013::
2981:.
2977::
2969::
2953:"
2933:.
2919::
2911::
2903::
2871:.
2857::
2823:.
2799::
2793:8
2772:.
2760::
2727:.
2703::
2695::
2689:8
2662:.
2658::
2650::
2614:.
2590::
2561:.
2557::
2525:.
2496:.
2492::
2463:.
2441::
2433::
2423:1
2387:.
2365::
2299:.
2295::
2287::
2258:.
2254::
216:â€
203:â€
99:N
89:K
84:J
79:T
74:P
69:C
64:D
59:S
54:O
49:ęž’
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
