498:
1704:
1642:
1588:
181:
1820:
115:
2312:
436:
features have yet been found that unite the group, although a few have been suggested such as a small coracoid process, a simplified hindgut (reversed in artiodactyls), high intelligence, lack of grasping hands (though mimicry of grasping is observed in felines) and allantoic vessels that are large
953:
O'Leary, Maureen A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Flynn, John J.; Gaudin, Timothy J.; Giallombardo, Andres; Giannini, Norberto P.; Goldberg, Suzann L.; Kraatz, Brian P.; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Meng, Jin; Ni, Xijun; Novacek, Michael J.; Perini, Fernando A.; Randall, Zachary S.; Rougier, Guillermo W.; Sargis, Eric J.;
1383:
Murphy, William J.; Eizirik, Eduardo; O'Brien, Stephen J.; Madsen, Ole; Scally, Mark; Douady, Christophe J.; Teeling, Emma; Ryder, Oliver A.; Stanhope, Michael J.; de Jong, Wilfried W.; Springer, Mark S. (2001). "Resolution of the Early
Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics".
553:) until genetic research instead showed their kinship with the other laurasiatheres. The studies conflicted in terms of the exact placement of Chiroptera, however, with it being linked most closely to groups such as order Eulipotyphla in the clade
1492:
1437:
1328:
Burger, Benjamin J., (2015.) "The systematic position of the saber-toothed and horned giants of the Eocene: the
Uintatheres (order Dinocerata)", Utah State University Uintah Basin Campus, Vernal, Utah
847:
Arnason U., Adegoke J. A., Gullberg A., Harley E. H., Janke A., Kullberg M. (2008.) "Mitogenomic relationships of placental mammals and molecular estimates of their divergences." Gene.; 421(1–2):37–51
1182:
Pumo, Dorothy E.; Finamore, Peter S.; Franek, William R.; Phillips, Carleton J.; Tarzami, Sima; Balzarano, Darlene (1998). "Complete
Mitochondrial Genome of a Neotropical Fruit Bat,
580:, historically lumping together several lineages based on superficial attributes and assumed relations to modern mammals. In some cases, these orders have turned out to either be
501:
Phylogenetic position of laurasiatherians (in green) among placentals in a genus-level molecular phylogeny of 116 extant mammals inferred from the gene tree information of 14,509
1595:
Nikolaev, Sergey; Montoya-Burgos, Juan I.; Margulies, Elliott H.; NISC Comparative
Sequencing Program; Rougemont, Jacques; Nyffeler, Bruno; Antonarakis, Stylianos E. (2007).
859:"Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls based on insertions of short and long interpersed elements: Hippopotamuses are the closest extant relatives of whales"
863:
1649:
Kitazoe, Yasuhiro; Kishino, Hirohisa; Waddell, Peter J.; Nakajima, Noriaki; Okabayashi, Takahisa; Watabe, Teruaki; Okuhara, Yoshiyasu (2007). Hahn, Matthew (ed.).
2414:
1711:
Goloboff, Pablo A.; Catalano, Santiago A.; Mirande, J. Marcos; Szumik, Claudia A.; Arias, J. Salvador; Källersjö, Mari; Farris, James S. (2009).
929:
954:
Silcox, Mary T.; Simmons, Nancy B.; Spaulding, Michelle; Velazco, Paúl M.; Weksler, Marcelo; Wible, John R.; Cirranello, Andrea L. (2013).
1852:
1188:
1019:
dos Reis, Mario; Inoue, Jun; Hasegawa, Masami; Asher, Robert J.; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Yang, Ziheng (7 September 2012).
180:
1078:"Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Interordinal Relationships and Rapid Diversification of the Laurasiatherian Mammals"
576:
Laurasiatheria is also posited to include several extinct orders and superorders. At least some of these are considered
1135:"OrthoMaM v10: Scaling-up orthologous coding sequence and exon alignments with more than one hundred mammalian genomes"
2465:
461:
1021:"Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny"
2419:
2302:
472:
The name of this superorder derives from the theory that this group of mammals originated on the supercontinent of
497:
2460:
1541:
Kriegs, Jan Ole; Churakov, Gennady; Kiefmann, Martin; Jordan, Ursula; Brosius, Jürgen; Schmitz, Jürgen (2006).
1486:
Wildman, Derek E.; Chen, Caoyi; Erez, Offer; Grossman, Lawrence I.; Goodman, Morris; Romero, Roberto (2006).
2455:
429:
1703:
1641:
1587:
2328:
441:
2427:
1845:
706:
2388:
2375:
1717:
1664:
1501:
1446:
1395:
1197:
967:
872:
810:
537:. Based on morphological grounds, bats (order Chiroptera) had long been classified in the superorder
127:
2366:
1824:
1280:
Morgan, C. C.; Foster, P. G.; Webb, A. E.; Pisani, D.; McInerney, J. O.; O'Connell, M. J. (2013).
1754:
1419:
1221:
1076:
Zhou, Xuming; Xu, Shixia; Xu, Junxiao; Chen, Bingyao; Zhou, Kaiya; Yang, Guang (1 January 2012).
1001:
756:
279:
175:
2432:
2213:
1799:
1766:
Churakov, G.; Kriegs, J. O.; Baertsch, R.; Zemann, A.; Brosius, J. R.; Schmitz, J. R. (2009).
1746:
1692:
1630:
1576:
1529:
1474:
1411:
1386:
1361:
1311:
1262:
1213:
1164:
1115:
1097:
1058:
1040:
993:
935:
925:
900:
775:
577:
526:
123:
919:
2234:
1975:
1912:
1838:
1789:
1781:
1736:
1726:
1682:
1672:
1620:
1610:
1566:
1556:
1519:
1509:
1464:
1454:
1403:
1351:
1301:
1293:
1252:
1205:
1154:
1146:
1105:
1089:
1048:
1032:
983:
975:
890:
880:
828:
818:
765:
584:
assemblages, or to be composed of mammals now understood not to be laurasiatherians at all.
518:
421:
317:
591:(paraphyletic in relation to true ungulates, possibly polyphyletic since some forms may be
573:, indicating that Eulipotyphla might be the sister group to all other Laurasiatheria taxa.
2127:
2028:
1996:
1772:
1133:
Scornavacca C, Belkhir K, Lopez J, Dernat R, Delsuc F, Douzery EJ, Ranwez V (April 2019).
438:
135:
2245:(Rats, guinea pigs, squirrels, beavers, chinchillas, porcupines, capybaras and relatives)
2224:(Pigs, camels, hippos, deer, buffalo, gazelles, giraffes, whales, dolphins and relatives)
1597:"Early History of Mammals is Elucidated with the ENCODE Multiple Species Sequencing Data"
529:
for extant laurasiatherians, primarily due to disagreement about the placement of orders
1668:
1505:
1450:
1399:
1201:
971:
876:
833:
814:
794:
2380:
2316:
2119:
2020:
2004:
1794:
1767:
1687:
1650:
1625:
1596:
1571:
1542:
1524:
1487:
1306:
1281:
1159:
1134:
1110:
1077:
1053:
1020:
720:
716:
625:
534:
477:
445:
405:
167:
131:
1469:
1432:
955:
2449:
2164:
2036:
1731:
1712:
1601:
1431:
Springer, Mark S.; Murphy, William J.; Eizirik, Eduardo; O'Brien, Stephen J. (2003).
1005:
895:
858:
711:
652:
502:
425:
232:
72:
1758:
1423:
1225:
644:
to perissodactyls, though in recent studies this clade was found to be polyphyletic)
437:
to moderate in size. The
Laurasiatheria clade is based on DNA sequence analyses and
2181:
2111:
2012:
1967:
1547:
1543:"Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals"
1340:"Out of Africa: A New Afrotheria Lineage Rises From Extinct South American Mammals"
688:
641:
630:
588:
581:
413:
401:
385:
270:
163:
147:
1677:
1615:
1561:
1186:, and a New Hypothesis of the Relationships of Bats to Other Eutherian Mammals".
2401:
2360:
2221:
2143:
2061:
609:
554:
409:
381:
143:
47:
1819:
1651:"Robust Time Estimation Reconciles Views of the Antiquity of Placental Mammals"
1239:
Tsagkogeorga, G; Parker, J; Stupka, E.; Cotton, J. A.; Rossiter, S. J. (2013).
608:(order closely related to Carnivora, now polyphyletic and split in two orders:
2250:
2103:
1946:
1903:
1887:
1257:
1240:
679:
647:
619:
613:
592:
570:
566:
514:
506:
417:
389:
377:
264:
151:
92:
57:
1365:
1356:
1339:
1101:
1044:
939:
885:
17:
2258:
2205:
2082:
2074:
1954:
1920:
1514:
1459:
1407:
1297:
1150:
1093:
979:
770:
751:
605:
596:
562:
546:
510:
397:
393:
192:
159:
155:
114:
97:
2351:
2277:(Lorises, lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes (including humans) and relatives)
1803:
1750:
1713:"Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups"
1696:
1634:
1580:
1533:
1478:
1415:
1315:
1266:
1168:
1119:
1062:
1036:
997:
904:
779:
1785:
1217:
2345:
2197:
2053:
1881:
1655:
956:"The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals"
724:
599:
558:
538:
481:
473:
453:
449:
212:
139:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
1241:"Phylogenomic analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of bats"
823:
2274:
2151:
1983:
1893:
1830:
1741:
1488:"Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis"
1433:"Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary"
1282:"Heterogeneous models place the root of the placental mammal phylogeny"
1209:
752:"Towards Resolving the Interordinal Relationships of Placental Mammals"
636:
542:
457:
433:
102:
77:
2406:
988:
2266:
2242:
2090:
1937:
1875:
1862:
550:
222:
202:
2322:
2311:
2135:
496:
464:
is supposed to have lived between ca. 76 to 90 million years ago.
2393:
416:
perspectives, it is subdivided into order
Eulipotyphla and clade
2326:
1834:
2189:
530:
362:
347:
335:
799:(Desmostylia) from the Skooner Gulch Formation of California"
750:
Waddell, Peter J.; Okada, Norihiro; Hasegawa, Masami (1999).
323:
622:(natural order suggested to be closely related to ungulates)
359:
344:
1768:"Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals"
368:
365:
353:
350:
338:
332:
1025:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
650:(natural clade, though several members, such as genus
2300:
329:
428:. Laurasiatheria was discovered on the basis of the
326:
320:
2335:
2233:
2172:
2163:
2102:
2073:
2052:
1995:
1966:
1945:
1936:
1911:
1902:
857:Nikaido, M.; Rooney, A. P. & Okada, N. (1999).
341:
2216:(Horses, zebras, donkeys, rhinoceroses and tapirs)
476:. In contrast, extinct primitive mammals called
1493:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1438:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
918:Groves, Colin; Grubb, Peter (1 November 2011).
864:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1846:
745:
743:
741:
739:
8:
656:, are now thought to belong in other groups)
444:. The superorder originated on the northern
1338:Avilla, Leonardo S.; Mothé, Dimila (2021).
2323:
2169:
2070:
1963:
1942:
1908:
1853:
1839:
1831:
432:shared by the mammals belonging to it; no
113:
33:
1793:
1740:
1730:
1686:
1676:
1624:
1614:
1570:
1560:
1523:
1513:
1468:
1458:
1355:
1305:
1256:
1158:
1109:
1052:
987:
894:
884:
832:
822:
769:
408:), and all their extinct relatives. From
2184:(Hedgehogs, shrews, moles and relatives)
384:that groups together true insectivores (
2307:
735:
557:. Two 2013 studies retrieve that bats,
525:Uncertainty still exists regarding the
505:. The other major clades are colored:
7:
795:"New evidence for the antiquity of
793:Matsui, K.; Pyenson, N. D. (2023).
1344:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
424:with which it forms the magnorder
146:. Representing the living orders:
25:
480:existed in the supercontinent of
2310:
1818:
1732:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x
1702:
1640:
1586:
316:
179:
1286:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1139:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1189:Journal of Molecular Evolution
723:named after supercontinent of
1:
628:(Collagen sequences found in
170:, comprising Laurasiatheria.
1678:10.1371/journal.pone.0000384
1616:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030002
1562:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040091
488:Classification and phylogeny
290:(Matsui & Pyenson, 2023)
376:; "laurasian beasts") is a
2482:
2253:(Rabbits, hares and pikas)
2208:(Dogs, cats and relatives)
2114:(Tenrecs and golden moles)
803:Royal Society Open Science
420:. It is a sister group to
2039:(Kangaroos and relatives)
1870:
1258:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.014
924:. JHU Press. p. 27.
285:
278:
257:
252:
176:Scientific classification
174:
121:
112:
36:
2031:(Bilbies and bandicoots)
1357:10.3389/fevo.2021.654302
886:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10261
640:indicate this to be the
400:), even-toed ungulates (
1923:(Platypus and echidnas)
1515:10.1073/pnas.0511344103
1460:10.1073/pnas.0334222100
1408:10.1126/science.1067179
980:10.1126/science.1229237
404:), odd-toed ungulates (
2154:(Dugongs and manatees)
2093:(Anteaters and sloths)
1037:10.1098/rspb.2012.0683
522:
452:, after it split from
430:similar gene sequences
2428:Paleobiology Database
2023:(Quolls and dunnarts)
1786:10.1101/gr.090647.108
1298:10.1093/molbev/mst117
1151:10.1093/molbev/msz015
1094:10.1093/sysbio/syr089
771:10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1
707:Mammal classification
500:
442:presence/absence data
1184:Artibeus jamaicensis
503:coding DNA sequences
493:History of phylogeny
462:last common ancestor
300:Laurasiaplacentalia
247:Waddell et al., 1999
1669:2007PLoSO...2..384K
1506:2006PNAS..103.3203W
1451:2003PNAS..100.1056S
1400:2001Sci...294.2348M
1394:(5550): 2348–2351.
1202:1998JMolE..47..709P
1031:(1742): 3491–3500.
972:2013Sci...339..662O
877:1999PNAS...9610261N
871:(18): 10261–10266.
824:10.1098/rsos.221648
815:2023RSOS...1021648M
694:(true insectivores)
122:From top to right:
2466:Mammal superorders
2007:(Monito del monte)
1210:10.1007/PL00006430
1082:Systematic Biology
757:Systematic Biology
523:
2443:
2442:
2329:Taxon identifiers
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2225:
2217:
2209:
2201:
2193:
2185:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2122:(Elephant shrews)
2115:
2094:
2086:
2067:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2032:
2024:
2016:
2015:(Marsupial moles)
2013:Notoryctemorphia
2008:
1987:
1979:
1976:Paucituberculata
1960:
1932:
1931:
1924:
1251:(22): 2262–2267.
966:(6120): 662–667.
931:978-1-4214-0093-8
921:Ungulate Taxonomy
541:(e.g. along with
527:phylogenetic tree
382:placental mammals
309:
308:
248:
128:Lyle's flying fox
124:European hedgehog
16:(Redirected from
2473:
2436:
2435:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2409:
2397:
2396:
2384:
2383:
2371:
2370:
2369:
2356:
2355:
2354:
2324:
2315:
2314:
2306:
2276:
2268:
2260:
2252:
2244:
2235:Euarchontoglires
2223:
2215:
2207:
2199:
2191:
2183:
2170:
2153:
2145:
2137:
2129:
2121:
2113:
2092:
2084:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2057:
2038:
2030:
2029:Peramelemorphia
2022:
2014:
2006:
1985:
1984:Didelphimorphia
1978:(Shrew opossums)
1977:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1950:
1943:
1922:
1913:Australosphenida
1909:
1855:
1848:
1841:
1832:
1823:Data related to
1822:
1807:
1797:
1762:
1744:
1734:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1690:
1680:
1645:
1644:
1638:
1628:
1618:
1591:
1590:
1584:
1574:
1564:
1537:
1527:
1517:
1500:(9): 3203–3208.
1482:
1472:
1462:
1445:(3): 1056–1061.
1427:
1370:
1369:
1359:
1335:
1329:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1292:(9): 2145–2256.
1277:
1271:
1270:
1260:
1236:
1230:
1229:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1162:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1113:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1056:
1016:
1010:
1009:
991:
950:
944:
943:
915:
909:
908:
898:
888:
854:
848:
845:
839:
838:
836:
826:
790:
784:
783:
773:
747:
693:
684:
672:
578:wastebasket taxa
519:Euarchontoglires
422:Euarchontoglires
375:
374:
371:
370:
367:
364:
361:
356:
355:
352:
349:
346:
343:
340:
337:
334:
331:
328:
325:
322:
303:
297:
296:(Goldfuss, 1820)
291:
246:
184:
183:
117:
107:
44:
43:Paleocene–Recent
40:Temporal range:
34:
29:Clade of mammals
21:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2470:
2461:Mammal taxonomy
2446:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2426:
2418:
2413:
2405:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2379:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2359:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2331:
2321:
2309:
2301:
2299:
2282:
2229:
2214:Perissodactyla
2159:
2098:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2044:
2021:Dasyuromorphia
2005:Microbiotheria
1997:Australidelphia
1991:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1928:
1898:
1866:
1859:
1815:
1810:
1773:Genome Research
1765:
1710:
1701:
1648:
1639:
1594:
1585:
1540:
1485:
1430:
1382:
1378:
1376:Further reading
1373:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1245:Current Biology
1238:
1237:
1233:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1018:
1017:
1013:
952:
951:
947:
932:
917:
916:
912:
856:
855:
851:
846:
842:
792:
791:
787:
749:
748:
737:
733:
703:
692:(Waddell, 1999)
691:
683:(Waddell, 1999)
682:
671:(Waddell, 1999)
670:
663:
495:
490:
470:
439:retrotransposon
358:
319:
315:
302:(Arnason, 2008)
301:
295:
289:
245:
178:
136:Indian pangolin
108:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
42:
41:
38:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2479:
2477:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2456:Laurasiatheria
2448:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2437:
2424:
2411:
2398:
2385:
2381:Laurasiatheria
2372:
2367:Laurasiatheria
2357:
2341:
2339:
2337:Laurasiatheria
2333:
2332:
2327:
2320:
2319:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2272:
2264:
2256:
2248:
2239:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2178:
2176:
2174:Laurasiatheria
2167:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2149:
2141:
2133:
2128:Tubulidentata
2125:
2120:Macroscelidea
2117:
2108:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2079:
2077:
2068:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:Diprotodontia
2034:
2026:
2018:
2010:
2001:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
1981:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1917:
1915:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1884:
1878:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1843:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1827:at Wikispecies
1825:Laurasiatheria
1814:
1813:External links
1811:
1809:
1808:
1780:(5): 868–875.
1763:
1725:(3): 211–230.
1708:
1646:
1592:
1538:
1483:
1428:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1330:
1321:
1272:
1231:
1196:(6): 709–717.
1174:
1145:(4): 861–862.
1125:
1068:
1011:
945:
930:
910:
849:
840:
785:
734:
732:
729:
728:
727:
721:Mammaliaformes
717:Gondwanatheria
714:
709:
702:
699:
698:
697:
696:
695:
685:
668:Laurasiatheria
662:
659:
658:
657:
645:
626:Meridiungulata
623:
617:
603:
535:Perissodactyla
494:
491:
489:
486:
478:Gondwanatheria
469:
466:
460:broke up. Its
446:supercontinent
406:perissodactyls
386:eulipotyphlans
312:Laurasiatheria
307:
306:
305:
304:
298:
292:
288:Eurasiatheria
283:
282:
276:
275:
274:
273:
267:
255:
254:
250:
249:
243:Laurasiatheria
240:
236:
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220:
216:
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210:
206:
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196:
195:
190:
186:
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172:
171:
168:Perissodactyla
132:Siberian tiger
119:
118:
110:
109:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
45:
39:
37:Laurasiatheria
28:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2478:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
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2255:
2249:
2247:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2226:
2222:Artiodactyla
2220:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2186:
2182:Eulipotyphla
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Boreoeutheria
2162:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2142:
2140:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2112:Afrosoricida
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2080:
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2072:
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2055:
2051:
2041:
2035:
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2019:
2017:
2011:
2009:
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2002:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1974:
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1965:
1962:
1956:
1948:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1905:
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1895:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1864:
1856:
1851:
1849:
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1837:
1836:
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1796:
1791:
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1602:PLOS Genetics
1598:
1593:
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1353:
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1136:
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1038:
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804:
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746:
744:
742:
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726:
722:
719:– a clade of
718:
715:
713:
712:Boreoeutheria
710:
708:
705:
704:
700:
690:
686:
681:
677:
674:
673:
669:
665:
664:
660:
655:
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653:Andrewsarchus
649:
646:
643:
639:
638:
633:
632:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
611:
607:
604:
601:
598:
594:
590:
587:
586:
585:
583:
579:
574:
572:
569:form a clade
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
492:
487:
485:
483:
479:
475:
467:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:
435:
431:
427:
426:Boreoeutheria
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
396:, pangolins (
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
373:
313:
299:
293:
287:
286:
284:
281:
277:
272:
268:
266:
262:
259:
258:
256:
251:
244:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:Boreoeutheria
231:
228:
227:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
208:
207:
204:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
182:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
116:
111:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
35:
32:
27:
19:
18:Laurasiathere
2336:
2261:(Treeshrews)
2173:
2144:Proboscidea
2085:(Armadillos)
1968:Ameridelphia
1921:Monotremata
1777:
1771:
1722:
1716:
1660:
1654:
1606:
1600:
1552:
1548:PLOS Biology
1546:
1497:
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1436:
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1347:
1343:
1333:
1324:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1248:
1244:
1234:
1193:
1187:
1183:
1177:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1028:
1024:
1014:
963:
959:
948:
920:
913:
868:
862:
852:
843:
806:
802:
796:
788:
761:
755:
689:Eulipotyphla
675:
667:
666:Superorder:
651:
642:sister taxon
635:
631:Macrauchenia
629:
614:Oxyaenodonta
595:or even non-
593:afrotherians
589:Condylarthra
582:paraphyletic
575:
524:
515:afrotherians
471:
414:phylogenetic
402:artiodactyls
390:chiropterans
311:
310:
271:Eulipotyphla
260:
242:
239:Superorder:
164:Artiodactyla
148:Eulipotyphla
31:
26:
2402:iNaturalist
2361:Wikispecies
2267:Dermoptera
2259:Scandentia
2251:Lagomorpha
2200:(Pangolins)
2190:Chiroptera
2146:(Elephants)
2136:Hyracoidea
2130:(Aardvarks)
1892:(unranked)
1742:11336/78055
1663:(4): e384.
797:Desmostylus
610:Hyaenodonta
567:euungulates
563:carnivorans
555:Insectivora
517:(red), and
511:xenarthrans
509:(magenta),
410:systematics
394:carnivorans
229:Magnorder:
144:white rhino
2450:Categories
2206:Carnivora
2198:Pholidota
2104:Afrotheria
2083:Cingulata
2064:inclusive)
1986:(Opossums)
1957:inclusive)
1947:Metatheria
1904:Yinotheria
1888:Vertebrata
1886:Subphylum
1718:Cladistics
1555:(4): e91.
989:11336/7302
764:(1): 1–5.
731:References
680:Scrotifera
648:Mesonychia
620:Dinocerata
600:eutherians
571:Scrotifera
547:treeshrews
531:Chiroptera
513:(orange),
507:marsupials
434:anatomical
418:Scrotifera
398:pholidotes
378:superorder
294:Hoplopoda
265:Scrotifera
253:Subgroups
152:Chiroptera
2275:Primates
2269:(Colugos)
2243:Rodentia
2138:(Hyraxes)
2075:Xenarthra
2062:Placental
1955:Marsupial
1609:(1): e2.
1366:2296-701X
1102:1063-5157
1045:0962-8452
1006:206544776
940:708357723
606:Creodonta
597:placental
559:pangolins
468:Etymology
388:), bats (
199:Kingdom:
193:Eukaryota
160:Pholidota
156:Carnivora
2394:40103843
2346:Wikidata
2152:Sirenia
2054:Eutheria
1882:Chordata
1876:Animalia
1874:Kingdom
1804:19261842
1759:84401375
1751:34879616
1697:17440620
1656:PLOS ONE
1635:17206863
1581:16515367
1534:16492730
1479:12552136
1424:34367609
1416:11743200
1316:23813979
1267:24184098
1226:22900642
1169:30698751
1120:21900649
1063:22628470
998:23393258
905:10468596
834:10264998
780:12078634
725:Gondwana
701:See also
661:Taxonomy
543:primates
539:Archonta
482:Gondwana
474:Laurasia
454:Gondwana
450:Laurasia
280:Synonyms
223:Mammalia
213:Chordata
209:Phylum:
203:Animalia
189:Domain:
140:red deer
2317:Mammals
2091:Pilosa
1894:Amniota
1880:Phylum
1861:Extant
1795:2675975
1688:1849890
1665:Bibcode
1626:1761045
1572:1395351
1525:1413940
1502:Bibcode
1447:Bibcode
1396:Bibcode
1387:Science
1307:3748356
1218:9847413
1198:Bibcode
1160:6445298
1111:3243735
1054:3396900
968:Bibcode
960:Science
873:Bibcode
811:Bibcode
687:Order:
637:Toxodon
551:colugos
521:(blue).
458:Pangaea
269:Order:
219:Class:
2420:314145
2407:848324
2352:Q27379
2303:Portal
2192:(Bats)
1938:Theria
1865:orders
1863:mammal
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1755:S2CID
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1002:S2CID
896:17876
676:Clade
456:when
261:Clade
2415:NCBI
1800:PMID
1747:PMID
1693:PMID
1631:PMID
1577:PMID
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1475:PMID
1412:PMID
1362:ISSN
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1165:PMID
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1098:ISSN
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