487:
1693:
1631:
1577:
170:
1809:
104:
2301:
425:
features have yet been found that unite the group, although a few have been suggested such as a small coracoid process, a simplified hindgut (reversed in artiodactyls), high intelligence, lack of grasping hands (though mimicry of grasping is observed in felines) and allantoic vessels that are large
942:
O'Leary, Maureen A.; Bloch, Jonathan I.; Flynn, John J.; Gaudin, Timothy J.; Giallombardo, Andres; Giannini, Norberto P.; Goldberg, Suzann L.; Kraatz, Brian P.; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Meng, Jin; Ni, Xijun; Novacek, Michael J.; Perini, Fernando A.; Randall, Zachary S.; Rougier, Guillermo W.; Sargis, Eric J.;
1372:
Murphy, William J.; Eizirik, Eduardo; O'Brien, Stephen J.; Madsen, Ole; Scally, Mark; Douady, Christophe J.; Teeling, Emma; Ryder, Oliver A.; Stanhope, Michael J.; de Jong, Wilfried W.; Springer, Mark S. (2001). "Resolution of the Early
Placental Mammal Radiation Using Bayesian Phylogenetics".
542:) until genetic research instead showed their kinship with the other laurasiatheres. The studies conflicted in terms of the exact placement of Chiroptera, however, with it being linked most closely to groups such as order Eulipotyphla in the clade
1481:
1426:
1317:
Burger, Benjamin J., (2015.) "The systematic position of the saber-toothed and horned giants of the Eocene: the
Uintatheres (order Dinocerata)", Utah State University Uintah Basin Campus, Vernal, Utah
836:
Arnason U., Adegoke J. A., Gullberg A., Harley E. H., Janke A., Kullberg M. (2008.) "Mitogenomic relationships of placental mammals and molecular estimates of their divergences." Gene.; 421(1–2):37–51
1171:
Pumo, Dorothy E.; Finamore, Peter S.; Franek, William R.; Phillips, Carleton J.; Tarzami, Sima; Balzarano, Darlene (1998). "Complete
Mitochondrial Genome of a Neotropical Fruit Bat,
569:, historically lumping together several lineages based on superficial attributes and assumed relations to modern mammals. In some cases, these orders have turned out to either be
490:
Phylogenetic position of laurasiatherians (in green) among placentals in a genus-level molecular phylogeny of 116 extant mammals inferred from the gene tree information of 14,509
1584:
Nikolaev, Sergey; Montoya-Burgos, Juan I.; Margulies, Elliott H.; NISC Comparative
Sequencing Program; Rougemont, Jacques; Nyffeler, Bruno; Antonarakis, Stylianos E. (2007).
848:"Phylogenetic relationships among cetartiodactyls based on insertions of short and long interpersed elements: Hippopotamuses are the closest extant relatives of whales"
852:
1638:
Kitazoe, Yasuhiro; Kishino, Hirohisa; Waddell, Peter J.; Nakajima, Noriaki; Okabayashi, Takahisa; Watabe, Teruaki; Okuhara, Yoshiyasu (2007). Hahn, Matthew (ed.).
2403:
1700:
Goloboff, Pablo A.; Catalano, Santiago A.; Mirande, J. Marcos; Szumik, Claudia A.; Arias, J. Salvador; Källersjö, Mari; Farris, James S. (2009).
918:
943:
Silcox, Mary T.; Simmons, Nancy B.; Spaulding, Michelle; Velazco, Paúl M.; Weksler, Marcelo; Wible, John R.; Cirranello, Andrea L. (2013).
1841:
1177:
1008:
dos Reis, Mario; Inoue, Jun; Hasegawa, Masami; Asher, Robert J.; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Yang, Ziheng (7 September 2012).
169:
1067:"Phylogenomic Analysis Resolves the Interordinal Relationships and Rapid Diversification of the Laurasiatherian Mammals"
565:
Laurasiatheria is also posited to include several extinct orders and superorders. At least some of these are considered
1124:"OrthoMaM v10: Scaling-up orthologous coding sequence and exon alignments with more than one hundred mammalian genomes"
2454:
450:
1010:"Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny"
2408:
2291:
461:
The name of this superorder derives from the theory that this group of mammals originated on the supercontinent of
486:
2449:
1530:
Kriegs, Jan Ole; Churakov, Gennady; Kiefmann, Martin; Jordan, Ursula; Brosius, Jürgen; Schmitz, Jürgen (2006).
1475:
Wildman, Derek E.; Chen, Caoyi; Erez, Offer; Grossman, Lawrence I.; Goodman, Morris; Romero, Roberto (2006).
2444:
418:
1692:
1630:
1576:
2317:
430:
2416:
1834:
695:
2377:
2364:
1706:
1653:
1490:
1435:
1384:
1186:
956:
861:
799:
526:. Based on morphological grounds, bats (order Chiroptera) had long been classified in the superorder
116:
2355:
1813:
1269:
Morgan, C. C.; Foster, P. G.; Webb, A. E.; Pisani, D.; McInerney, J. O.; O'Connell, M. J. (2013).
1743:
1408:
1210:
1065:
Zhou, Xuming; Xu, Shixia; Xu, Junxiao; Chen, Bingyao; Zhou, Kaiya; Yang, Guang (1 January 2012).
990:
745:
268:
164:
2421:
2202:
1788:
1755:
Churakov, G.; Kriegs, J. O.; Baertsch, R.; Zemann, A.; Brosius, J. R.; Schmitz, J. R. (2009).
1735:
1681:
1619:
1565:
1518:
1463:
1400:
1375:
1350:
1300:
1251:
1202:
1153:
1104:
1086:
1047:
1029:
982:
924:
914:
889:
764:
566:
515:
112:
908:
2223:
1964:
1901:
1827:
1778:
1770:
1725:
1715:
1671:
1661:
1609:
1599:
1555:
1545:
1508:
1498:
1453:
1443:
1392:
1340:
1290:
1282:
1241:
1194:
1143:
1135:
1094:
1078:
1037:
1021:
972:
964:
879:
869:
817:
807:
754:
573:
assemblages, or to be composed of mammals now understood not to be laurasiatherians at all.
507:
410:
306:
580:(paraphyletic in relation to true ungulates, possibly polyphyletic since some forms may be
562:, indicating that Eulipotyphla might be the sister group to all other Laurasiatheria taxa.
2116:
2017:
1985:
1761:
1122:
Scornavacca C, Belkhir K, Lopez J, Dernat R, Delsuc F, Douzery EJ, Ranwez V (April 2019).
427:
124:
2234:(Rats, guinea pigs, squirrels, beavers, chinchillas, porcupines, capybaras and relatives)
2213:(Pigs, camels, hippos, deer, buffalo, gazelles, giraffes, whales, dolphins and relatives)
1586:"Early History of Mammals is Elucidated with the ENCODE Multiple Species Sequencing Data"
518:
for extant laurasiatherians, primarily due to disagreement about the placement of orders
1657:
1494:
1439:
1388:
1190:
960:
865:
822:
803:
783:
2369:
2305:
2108:
2009:
1993:
1783:
1756:
1676:
1639:
1614:
1585:
1560:
1531:
1513:
1476:
1295:
1270:
1148:
1123:
1099:
1066:
1042:
1009:
709:
705:
614:
523:
466:
434:
394:
156:
120:
1458:
1421:
944:
2438:
2153:
2025:
1720:
1701:
1590:
1420:
Springer, Mark S.; Murphy, William J.; Eizirik, Eduardo; O'Brien, Stephen J. (2003).
994:
884:
847:
700:
641:
491:
414:
221:
61:
1747:
1412:
1214:
633:
to perissodactyls, though in recent studies this clade was found to be polyphyletic)
426:
to moderate in size. The
Laurasiatheria clade is based on DNA sequence analyses and
2170:
2100:
2001:
1956:
1536:
1532:"Retroposed Elements as Archives for the Evolutionary History of Placental Mammals"
1329:"Out of Africa: A New Afrotheria Lineage Rises From Extinct South American Mammals"
677:
630:
619:
577:
570:
402:
390:
374:
259:
152:
136:
1666:
1604:
1550:
1175:, and a New Hypothesis of the Relationships of Bats to Other Eutherian Mammals".
2390:
2349:
2210:
2132:
2050:
598:
543:
398:
370:
132:
36:
1808:
1640:"Robust Time Estimation Reconciles Views of the Antiquity of Placental Mammals"
1228:
Tsagkogeorga, G; Parker, J; Stupka, E.; Cotton, J. A.; Rossiter, S. J. (2013).
597:(order closely related to Carnivora, now polyphyletic and split in two orders:
2239:
2092:
1935:
1892:
1876:
1246:
1229:
668:
636:
608:
602:
581:
559:
555:
503:
495:
406:
378:
366:
253:
140:
81:
46:
1354:
1345:
1328:
1090:
1033:
928:
874:
2247:
2194:
2071:
2063:
1943:
1909:
1503:
1448:
1396:
1286:
1139:
1082:
968:
759:
740:
594:
585:
551:
535:
499:
386:
382:
181:
148:
144:
103:
86:
2340:
2266:(Lorises, lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes (including humans) and relatives)
1792:
1739:
1702:"Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups"
1685:
1623:
1569:
1522:
1467:
1404:
1304:
1255:
1157:
1108:
1051:
1025:
986:
893:
768:
1774:
1206:
2334:
2186:
2042:
1870:
1644:
945:"The Placental Mammal Ancestor and the Post–K-Pg Radiation of Placentals"
713:
588:
547:
527:
470:
462:
442:
438:
201:
128:
76:
71:
56:
51:
41:
1230:"Phylogenomic analyses elucidate the evolutionary relationships of bats"
812:
2263:
2140:
1972:
1882:
1819:
1730:
1477:"Evolution of the mammalian placenta revealed by phylogenetic analysis"
1422:"Placental mammal diversification and the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary"
1271:"Heterogeneous models place the root of the placental mammal phylogeny"
1198:
741:"Towards Resolving the Interordinal Relationships of Placental Mammals"
625:
531:
446:
422:
91:
66:
2395:
977:
2255:
2231:
2079:
1926:
1864:
1851:
539:
211:
191:
2311:
2300:
2124:
485:
453:
is supposed to have lived between ca. 76 to 90 million years ago.
2382:
405:
perspectives, it is subdivided into order
Eulipotyphla and clade
2315:
1823:
2178:
519:
351:
336:
324:
788:(Desmostylia) from the Skooner Gulch Formation of California"
739:
Waddell, Peter J.; Okada, Norihiro; Hasegawa, Masami (1999).
312:
611:(natural order suggested to be closely related to ungulates)
348:
333:
1757:"Mosaic retroposon insertion patterns in placental mammals"
357:
354:
342:
339:
327:
321:
1014:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society B: Biological Sciences
639:(natural clade, though several members, such as genus
2289:
318:
417:. Laurasiatheria was discovered on the basis of the
315:
309:
2324:
2222:
2161:
2152:
2091:
2062:
2041:
1984:
1955:
1934:
1925:
1900:
1891:
846:Nikaido, M.; Rooney, A. P. & Okada, N. (1999).
330:
2205:(Horses, zebras, donkeys, rhinoceroses and tapirs)
465:. In contrast, extinct primitive mammals called
1482:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1427:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
907:Groves, Colin; Grubb, Peter (1 November 2011).
853:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1835:
734:
732:
730:
728:
8:
645:, are now thought to belong in other groups)
433:. The superorder originated on the northern
1327:Avilla, Leonardo S.; Mothé, Dimila (2021).
2312:
2158:
2059:
1952:
1931:
1897:
1842:
1828:
1820:
421:shared by the mammals belonging to it; no
102:
22:
1782:
1729:
1719:
1675:
1665:
1613:
1603:
1559:
1549:
1512:
1502:
1457:
1447:
1344:
1294:
1245:
1147:
1098:
1041:
976:
883:
873:
821:
811:
758:
397:), and all their extinct relatives. From
2173:(Hedgehogs, shrews, moles and relatives)
373:that groups together true insectivores (
2296:
724:
546:. Two 2013 studies retrieve that bats,
514:Uncertainty still exists regarding the
494:. The other major clades are colored:
7:
784:"New evidence for the antiquity of
782:Matsui, K.; Pyenson, N. D. (2023).
1333:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
413:with which it forms the magnorder
135:. Representing the living orders:
14:
469:existed in the supercontinent of
2299:
1807:
1721:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00255.x
1691:
1629:
1575:
305:
168:
1275:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1128:Molecular Biology and Evolution
1178:Journal of Molecular Evolution
712:named after supercontinent of
1:
617:(Collagen sequences found in
159:, comprising Laurasiatheria.
1667:10.1371/journal.pone.0000384
1605:10.1371/journal.pgen.0030002
1551:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040091
477:Classification and phylogeny
279:(Matsui & Pyenson, 2023)
365:; "laurasian beasts") is a
2471:
2242:(Rabbits, hares and pikas)
2197:(Dogs, cats and relatives)
2103:(Tenrecs and golden moles)
792:Royal Society Open Science
409:. It is a sister group to
2028:(Kangaroos and relatives)
1859:
1247:10.1016/j.cub.2013.09.014
913:. JHU Press. p. 27.
274:
267:
246:
241:
165:Scientific classification
163:
110:
101:
25:
2020:(Bilbies and bandicoots)
1346:10.3389/fevo.2021.654302
875:10.1073/pnas.96.18.10261
629:indicate this to be the
389:), even-toed ungulates (
1912:(Platypus and echidnas)
1504:10.1073/pnas.0511344103
1449:10.1073/pnas.0334222100
1397:10.1126/science.1067179
969:10.1126/science.1229237
393:), odd-toed ungulates (
2143:(Dugongs and manatees)
2082:(Anteaters and sloths)
1026:10.1098/rspb.2012.0683
511:
441:, after it split from
419:similar gene sequences
2417:Paleobiology Database
2012:(Quolls and dunnarts)
1775:10.1101/gr.090647.108
1287:10.1093/molbev/mst117
1140:10.1093/molbev/msz015
1083:10.1093/sysbio/syr089
760:10.1093/sysbio/48.1.1
696:Mammal classification
489:
431:presence/absence data
1173:Artibeus jamaicensis
492:coding DNA sequences
482:History of phylogeny
451:last common ancestor
289:Laurasiaplacentalia
236:Waddell et al., 1999
1658:2007PLoSO...2..384K
1495:2006PNAS..103.3203W
1440:2003PNAS..100.1056S
1389:2001Sci...294.2348M
1383:(5550): 2348–2351.
1191:1998JMolE..47..709P
1020:(1742): 3491–3500.
961:2013Sci...339..662O
866:1999PNAS...9610261N
860:(18): 10261–10266.
813:10.1098/rsos.221648
804:2023RSOS...1021648M
683:(true insectivores)
111:From top to right:
2455:Mammal superorders
1996:(Monito del monte)
1199:10.1007/PL00006430
1071:Systematic Biology
746:Systematic Biology
512:
2432:
2431:
2318:Taxon identifiers
2287:
2286:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2259:
2251:
2243:
2235:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2174:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2112:
2111:(Elephant shrews)
2104:
2083:
2075:
2056:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2013:
2005:
2004:(Marsupial moles)
2002:Notoryctemorphia
1997:
1976:
1968:
1965:Paucituberculata
1949:
1921:
1920:
1913:
1240:(22): 2262–2267.
955:(6120): 662–667.
920:978-1-4214-0093-8
910:Ungulate Taxonomy
530:(e.g. along with
516:phylogenetic tree
371:placental mammals
298:
297:
237:
117:Lyle's flying fox
113:European hedgehog
2462:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2411:
2399:
2398:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2358:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2313:
2304:
2303:
2295:
2265:
2257:
2249:
2241:
2233:
2224:Euarchontoglires
2212:
2204:
2196:
2188:
2180:
2172:
2159:
2142:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2110:
2102:
2081:
2073:
2060:
2055:
2054:
2046:
2027:
2019:
2018:Peramelemorphia
2011:
2003:
1995:
1974:
1973:Didelphimorphia
1967:(Shrew opossums)
1966:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1939:
1932:
1911:
1902:Australosphenida
1898:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1821:
1812:Data related to
1811:
1796:
1786:
1751:
1733:
1723:
1696:
1695:
1689:
1679:
1669:
1634:
1633:
1627:
1617:
1607:
1580:
1579:
1573:
1563:
1553:
1526:
1516:
1506:
1489:(9): 3203–3208.
1471:
1461:
1451:
1434:(3): 1056–1061.
1416:
1359:
1358:
1348:
1324:
1318:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1298:
1281:(9): 2145–2256.
1266:
1260:
1259:
1249:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1151:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1005:
999:
998:
980:
939:
933:
932:
904:
898:
897:
887:
877:
843:
837:
834:
828:
827:
825:
815:
779:
773:
772:
762:
736:
682:
673:
661:
567:wastebasket taxa
508:Euarchontoglires
411:Euarchontoglires
364:
363:
360:
359:
356:
353:
350:
345:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
317:
314:
311:
292:
286:
285:(Goldfuss, 1820)
280:
235:
173:
172:
106:
96:
33:
32:Paleocene–Recent
29:Temporal range:
23:
18:Clade of mammals
2470:
2469:
2465:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2460:
2459:
2450:Mammal taxonomy
2435:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2402:
2394:
2389:
2381:
2376:
2368:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2320:
2310:
2298:
2290:
2288:
2271:
2218:
2203:Perissodactyla
2148:
2087:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2033:
2010:Dasyuromorphia
1994:Microbiotheria
1986:Australidelphia
1980:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1917:
1887:
1855:
1848:
1804:
1799:
1762:Genome Research
1754:
1699:
1690:
1637:
1628:
1583:
1574:
1529:
1474:
1419:
1371:
1367:
1365:Further reading
1362:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1234:Current Biology
1227:
1226:
1222:
1170:
1169:
1165:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1007:
1006:
1002:
941:
940:
936:
921:
906:
905:
901:
845:
844:
840:
835:
831:
781:
780:
776:
738:
737:
726:
722:
692:
681:(Waddell, 1999)
680:
672:(Waddell, 1999)
671:
660:(Waddell, 1999)
659:
652:
484:
479:
459:
428:retrotransposon
347:
308:
304:
291:(Arnason, 2008)
290:
284:
278:
234:
167:
125:Indian pangolin
97:
95:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
31:
30:
27:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2468:
2466:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2445:Laurasiatheria
2437:
2436:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2413:
2400:
2387:
2374:
2370:Laurasiatheria
2361:
2356:Laurasiatheria
2346:
2330:
2328:
2326:Laurasiatheria
2322:
2321:
2316:
2309:
2308:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2280:
2277:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2228:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2167:
2165:
2163:Laurasiatheria
2156:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2117:Tubulidentata
2114:
2109:Macroscelidea
2106:
2097:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2077:
2068:
2066:
2057:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2026:Diprotodontia
2023:
2015:
2007:
1999:
1990:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1970:
1961:
1959:
1950:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1906:
1904:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1867:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1839:
1832:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1816:at Wikispecies
1814:Laurasiatheria
1803:
1802:External links
1800:
1798:
1797:
1769:(5): 868–875.
1752:
1714:(3): 211–230.
1697:
1635:
1581:
1527:
1472:
1417:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1319:
1310:
1261:
1220:
1185:(6): 709–717.
1163:
1134:(4): 861–862.
1114:
1057:
1000:
934:
919:
899:
838:
829:
774:
723:
721:
718:
717:
716:
710:Mammaliaformes
706:Gondwanatheria
703:
698:
691:
688:
687:
686:
685:
684:
674:
657:Laurasiatheria
651:
648:
647:
646:
634:
615:Meridiungulata
612:
606:
592:
524:Perissodactyla
483:
480:
478:
475:
467:Gondwanatheria
458:
455:
449:broke up. Its
435:supercontinent
395:perissodactyls
375:eulipotyphlans
301:Laurasiatheria
296:
295:
294:
293:
287:
281:
277:Eurasiatheria
272:
271:
265:
264:
263:
262:
256:
244:
243:
239:
238:
232:Laurasiatheria
229:
225:
224:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
189:
185:
184:
179:
175:
174:
161:
160:
157:Perissodactyla
121:Siberian tiger
108:
107:
99:
98:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
45:
40:
35:
34:
28:
26:Laurasiatheria
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2467:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2379:
2375:
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2366:
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2329:
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2297:
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2268:
2262:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2238:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2215:
2211:Artiodactyla
2209:
2207:
2201:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2175:
2171:Eulipotyphla
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2154:Boreoeutheria
2151:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2123:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2107:
2105:
2101:Afrosoricida
2099:
2098:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2044:
2040:
2030:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2014:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1945:
1937:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1853:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1815:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
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1625:
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1616:
1611:
1606:
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1593:
1592:
1591:PLOS Genetics
1587:
1582:
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1483:
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1473:
1469:
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1377:
1370:
1369:
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1347:
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1323:
1320:
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1306:
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1101:
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1072:
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1004:
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950:
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912:
911:
903:
900:
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886:
881:
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871:
867:
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859:
855:
854:
849:
842:
839:
833:
830:
824:
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814:
809:
805:
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797:
793:
789:
787:
778:
775:
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756:
752:
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735:
733:
731:
729:
725:
719:
715:
711:
708:– a clade of
707:
704:
702:
701:Boreoeutheria
699:
697:
694:
693:
689:
679:
675:
670:
666:
663:
662:
658:
654:
653:
649:
644:
643:
642:Andrewsarchus
638:
635:
632:
628:
627:
622:
621:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
600:
596:
593:
590:
587:
583:
579:
576:
575:
574:
572:
568:
563:
561:
558:form a clade
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
481:
476:
474:
472:
468:
464:
456:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:
424:
420:
416:
415:Boreoeutheria
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
385:, pangolins (
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
362:
302:
288:
282:
276:
275:
273:
270:
266:
261:
257:
255:
251:
248:
247:
245:
240:
233:
230:
227:
226:
223:
222:Boreoeutheria
220:
217:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
200:
197:
196:
193:
190:
187:
186:
183:
180:
177:
176:
171:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
105:
100:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
24:
21:
16:
2325:
2250:(Treeshrews)
2162:
2133:Proboscidea
2074:(Armadillos)
1957:Ameridelphia
1910:Monotremata
1766:
1760:
1711:
1705:
1649:
1643:
1595:
1589:
1541:
1537:PLOS Biology
1535:
1486:
1480:
1431:
1425:
1380:
1374:
1336:
1332:
1322:
1313:
1278:
1274:
1264:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1182:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1131:
1127:
1117:
1074:
1070:
1060:
1017:
1013:
1003:
952:
948:
937:
909:
902:
857:
851:
841:
832:
795:
791:
785:
777:
750:
744:
678:Eulipotyphla
664:
656:
655:Superorder:
640:
631:sister taxon
624:
620:Macrauchenia
618:
603:Oxyaenodonta
584:or even non-
582:afrotherians
578:Condylarthra
571:paraphyletic
564:
513:
504:afrotherians
460:
403:phylogenetic
391:artiodactyls
379:chiropterans
300:
299:
260:Eulipotyphla
249:
231:
228:Superorder:
153:Artiodactyla
137:Eulipotyphla
20:
15:
2391:iNaturalist
2350:Wikispecies
2256:Dermoptera
2248:Scandentia
2240:Lagomorpha
2189:(Pangolins)
2179:Chiroptera
2135:(Elephants)
2125:Hyracoidea
2119:(Aardvarks)
1881:(unranked)
1731:11336/78055
1652:(4): e384.
786:Desmostylus
599:Hyaenodonta
556:euungulates
552:carnivorans
544:Insectivora
506:(red), and
500:xenarthrans
498:(magenta),
399:systematics
383:carnivorans
218:Magnorder:
133:white rhino
2439:Categories
2195:Carnivora
2187:Pholidota
2093:Afrotheria
2072:Cingulata
2053:inclusive)
1975:(Opossums)
1946:inclusive)
1936:Metatheria
1893:Yinotheria
1877:Vertebrata
1875:Subphylum
1707:Cladistics
1544:(4): e91.
978:11336/7302
753:(1): 1–5.
720:References
669:Scrotifera
637:Mesonychia
609:Dinocerata
589:eutherians
560:Scrotifera
536:treeshrews
520:Chiroptera
502:(orange),
496:marsupials
423:anatomical
407:Scrotifera
387:pholidotes
367:superorder
283:Hoplopoda
254:Scrotifera
242:Subgroups
141:Chiroptera
2264:Primates
2258:(Colugos)
2232:Rodentia
2127:(Hyraxes)
2064:Xenarthra
2051:Placental
1944:Marsupial
1598:(1): e2.
1355:2296-701X
1091:1063-5157
1034:0962-8452
995:206544776
929:708357723
595:Creodonta
586:placental
548:pangolins
457:Etymology
377:), bats (
188:Kingdom:
182:Eukaryota
149:Pholidota
145:Carnivora
2383:40103843
2335:Wikidata
2141:Sirenia
2043:Eutheria
1871:Chordata
1865:Animalia
1863:Kingdom
1793:19261842
1748:84401375
1740:34879616
1686:17440620
1645:PLOS ONE
1624:17206863
1570:16515367
1523:16492730
1468:12552136
1413:34367609
1405:11743200
1305:23813979
1256:24184098
1215:22900642
1158:30698751
1109:21900649
1052:22628470
987:23393258
894:10468596
823:10264998
769:12078634
714:Gondwana
690:See also
650:Taxonomy
532:primates
528:Archonta
471:Gondwana
463:Laurasia
443:Gondwana
439:Laurasia
269:Synonyms
212:Mammalia
202:Chordata
198:Phylum:
192:Animalia
178:Domain:
129:red deer
2306:Mammals
2080:Pilosa
1883:Amniota
1869:Phylum
1850:Extant
1784:2675975
1677:1849890
1654:Bibcode
1615:1761045
1561:1395351
1514:1413940
1491:Bibcode
1436:Bibcode
1385:Bibcode
1376:Science
1296:3748356
1207:9847413
1187:Bibcode
1149:6445298
1100:3243735
1043:3396900
957:Bibcode
949:Science
862:Bibcode
800:Bibcode
676:Order:
626:Toxodon
540:colugos
510:(blue).
447:Pangaea
258:Order:
208:Class:
2409:314145
2396:848324
2341:Q27379
2292:Portal
2181:(Bats)
1927:Theria
1854:orders
1852:mammal
1791:
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1744:S2CID
1409:S2CID
1211:S2CID
991:S2CID
885:17876
665:Clade
445:when
250:Clade
2404:NCBI
1789:PMID
1736:PMID
1682:PMID
1620:PMID
1566:PMID
1519:PMID
1464:PMID
1401:PMID
1351:ISSN
1301:PMID
1252:PMID
1203:PMID
1154:PMID
1105:PMID
1087:ISSN
1048:PMID
1030:ISSN
983:PMID
925:OCLC
915:ISBN
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765:PMID
623:and
601:and
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538:and
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37:PreꞒ
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2365:ADW
1779:PMC
1771:doi
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1662:doi
1610:PMC
1600:doi
1556:PMC
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1509:PMC
1499:doi
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1454:PMC
1444:doi
1432:100
1393:doi
1381:294
1341:doi
1291:PMC
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1195:doi
1144:PMC
1136:doi
1095:PMC
1079:doi
1038:PMC
1022:doi
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