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under the protection of coastal vegetation, and line the nest with plant material. They lay two olive-colored and well-camouflaged eggs that take 32 days to incubate. They generally nest close to calm water, often near lagoons. Breeding appears to be opportunistic and is not restricted to a single season. Young birds fledge at 55 days and continue to be cared for by the adults for several weeks.
294:
31:
289:
consists of a sooty brown to black head, which unlike other dark hooded gulls doesn't vary by season. The wings are dark gray with a contrasting white line on the leading edge, thought to play a function in displays and camouflage. Its dark gray body contrasts with a paler gray belly. The uppertail
347:
Unlike most gulls which nest close together and sometimes touching, lava gulls are solitary nesters, rarely nesting closer than 100 meters apart. They are highly territorial, defending breeding territories of roughly 2000 sq. meters (70 m diameter) from conspecifics. They nest on the ground, often
380:, capitalizing on the botched attempts by these frigatebirds to steal fish from various nesting seabirds. Potential nest predators include owls, frigatebirds and other lava gulls, as well as introduced mammals.
290:
is white and grey lower down. The bill and legs are black, and the inside of the mouth is scarlet. It has white upper and lower eyebrows, with red lids. Immature gulls are generally dark brown.
326:. Previously its population was estimated at 300–400 pairs; this estimate was revised downwards to 300-600 individuals in 2015. It is currently considered the rarest gull in the world.
1537:
1447:
578:
511:
Pons, J.M.; Hassanin, A. & Crochet, P.A. (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the
Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers".
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They are omnivores like most Larus gulls, generally scavenging or stealing from nests and from fishers, but will also catch
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The lava gull is a distinctive gull, 51 to 55 cm (20–22 in) and weighs 380 g (13 oz). The adult
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376:. They also feed on sea lion placenta. On Genovesa they exploit the kleptoparasitic behavior of the
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because it exists in small numbers and though the population is stable, it faces numerous threats.
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and a member of the "hooded gull" group. It is most closely related to the
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Snow, B.K.; Snow, D.W. (1969). "Observations on the Lava Gull (
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in the Galápagos. The species is sometimes placed in the genus
579:"Observations on the breeding and distribution of Lava Gull
471:
del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.).
247:
and is the rarest gull in the world. It is endemic to the
817:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
388:
The lava gull is categorized as "vulnerable" by the
1370:
1161:
1110:
1092:
1074:
1049:
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1013:
932:
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577:Grant, K.T.; Estes, O.E. & Estes, G.B. (2015).
437:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694452A132552501.en
310:where it is found predominantly on the islands of
691:(†indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
650:
8:
1149:
869:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
657:
643:
635:
195:
48:
29:
20:
435:
273:. It is possibly closely related to the
401:
1538:Endemic birds of the Galápagos Islands
970:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
513:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
263:in 1841 from a specimen collected on
7:
474:Handbook of Birds of the World Alive
477:. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions.
423:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
306:The entire population lives on the
564:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1969.tb01602.x
14:
1528:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
73:
1543:Galápagos Islands coastal fauna
1:
525:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011
1569:
625:BirdLife Species Factsheet
1128:
430:: e.T22694452A132552501.
210:
203:
194:
175:
168:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
1553:Taxa named by John Gould
832:Lesser black-backed gull
760:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
255:Taxonomy and systematics
1548:Birds described in 1841
1360:Leucophaeus-fuliginosus
1193:Leucophaeus fuliginosus
1163:Leucophaeus fuliginosus
755:Great black-backed gull
596:: 22–37. Archived from
581:Leucophaeus fuliginosus
384:Status and conservation
378:Magnificent frigatebird
228:Leucophaeus fuliginosus
179:Leucophaeus fuliginosus
1138:Hybridisation in gulls
1061:Black-legged kittiwake
483:10.2173/bow.lavgul1.01
410:BirdLife International
344:
298:
802:American herring gull
797:European herring gull
342:
296:
231:), also known as the
1066:Red-legged kittiwake
765:Glaucous-winged gull
364:, and newly hatched
235:, is a medium-sized
1120:Swallow-tailed gull
995:Slender-billed gull
259:First described by
161:L. fuliginosus
40:Conservation status
879:Mediterranean gull
807:Yellow-legged gull
775:Yellow-footed gull
345:
343:Lava gull nestling
299:
297:Lava Gull standing
1515:
1514:
1401:larus-fuliginosus
1372:Larus fuliginosus
1342:Open Tree of Life
1155:Taxon identifiers
1146:
1145:
1133:Gull eggs as food
990:Black-headed gull
985:Brown-headed gull
980:Black-billed gull
965:Brown-hooded gull
827:Slaty-backed gull
740:Short-billed gull
725:Black-tailed gull
630:Darwin Foundation
548:Larus fuliginosus
416:Larus fuliginosus
308:Galapagos Islands
249:Galapagos Islands
219:
218:
213:Larus fuliginosus
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1000:Bonaparte's gull
745:Ring-billed gull
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1005:Saunders's gull
960:Hartlaub's gull
949:Red-billed gull
935:Chroicocephalus
928:
914:Franklin's gull
888:
859:White-eyed gull
843:
750:California gull
730:Heermann's gull
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245:Franklin's gull
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127:Charadriiformes
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16:Species of bird
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874:Audouin's gull
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837:Heuglin's gull
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715:Belcher's gull
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619:External links
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519:(3): 686–699.
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1102:Sabine's gull
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909:Laughing gull
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822:Armenian gull
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790:Thayer's gull
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787:
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780:Glaucous gull
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603:on 2015-04-18
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390:IUCN Red List
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321:
320:San Cristobal
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275:laughing gull
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241:Laughing gull
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170:Binomial name
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1093:
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1033:Rhodostethia
1032:
1015:Hydrocoloeus
1014:
954:Huahine gull
933:
918:
904:Dolphin gull
893:
848:
812:Caspian gull
785:Iceland gull
770:Western gull
720:Olrog's gull
710:Pacific gull
699:
686:
605:. Retrieved
598:the original
593:
589:
580:
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558:(1): 30–35.
555:
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494:. Retrieved
473:
441:. Retrieved
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302:Distribution
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147:
18:
1533:Leucophaeus
1487:SeaLifeBase
1316:Neotropical
1277:iNaturalist
1187:Wikispecies
1041:Ross's gull
1023:Little gull
975:Andean gull
944:Silver gull
895:Leucophaeus
884:Relict gull
850:Ichthyaetus
735:Common gull
496:25 December
443:4 September
362:crustaceans
281:Description
148:Leucophaeus
1522:Categories
1355:Xeno-canto
1084:Ivory gull
864:Sooty gull
672:: Laridae)
607:2015-04-18
396:References
312:Santa Cruz
261:John Gould
233:dusky gull
55:Vulnerable
24:Lava gull
1387:Q25649193
1076:Pagophila
924:Grey gull
919:Lava gull
491:240874885
330:Behaviour
223:lava gull
155:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
1479:22694452
1453:10855805
1414:22694452
1409:BirdLife
1381:Wikidata
1172:Wikidata
1112:Creagrus
533:16054399
412:(2018).
360:, small
335:Breeding
324:Genovesa
205:Synonyms
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
1440:2481200
1321:lavgul1
1269:6065848
1256:1049306
1243:lavgul1
1217:lavgul1
1202:Avibase
1178:Q596917
688:Species
590:Cotinga
374:turtles
370:iguanas
366:lizards
316:Isabela
287:plumage
189:, 1841)
143:Genus:
137:Laridae
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
1505:343909
1466:176852
1396:ARKive
1347:704183
1308:328047
1295:824080
1282:144516
670:family
531:
489:
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