1165:— This component measures the time it takes to deliver orders to industrial companies. Vendor performance leads the business cycle because an increase in delivery time can indicate rising demand for manufacturing supplies. Vendor performance is measured by a monthly survey from the National Association of Purchasing Managers (NAPM). This diffusion index measures one-half of the respondents reporting no change and all respondents reporting slower deliveries.
51:
1400:
878:
1052:
1477:
866:
1025:
1308:
1189:
1248:
Lagging indicators are indicators that usually change after the economy as a whole does. Typically the lag is a few quarters of a year. The unemployment rate is a lagging indicator: employment tends to increase two or three quarters after an upturn in the general economy.. In a performance measuring
1149:— The CB reverses the value of this component from positive to negative because a positive reading indicates a loss in jobs. The initial jobless-claims data is more sensitive to business conditions than other measures of unemployment, and as such leads the monthly unemployment data released by the
1159:— This component is considered a leading indicator because increases in new orders for consumer goods and materials usually mean positive changes in actual production. The new orders decrease inventory and contribute to unfilled orders, a precursor to future revenue.
1174:— As stated above, new orders lead the business cycle because increases in orders usually mean positive changes in actual production and perhaps rising demand. This measure is the producer's counterpart of new orders for consumer goods/materials component (#3).
1217:
have been the most accurate predictors of downturns in the economic cycle. This is particularly true when the curve becomes inverted, that is, when the longer-term returns are expected to be less than the short
1140:— Adjustments to the working hours of existing employees are usually made in advance of new hires or layoffs, which is why the measure of average weekly hours is a leading indicator for changes in unemployment.
1330:
Coincident indicators change at approximately the same time as the whole economy, thereby providing information about the current state of the economy. There are many coincident economic indicators, such as
1607:
1043:
Economic indicators can be classified into three categories according to their usual timing in relation to the business cycle: leading indicators, lagging indicators, and coincident indicators.
1249:
system, profit earned by a business is a lagging indicator as it reflects a historical performance; similarly, improved customer satisfaction is the result of initiatives taken in the past.
1224:— This is the only component of the leading indicators that is based solely on expectations. This component leads the business cycle because consumer expectations can indicate future
1566:
1795:, retrieved November 2009. This was the source of "procyclic", "acyclic", etc., as well as confirmation of "leading", "lagging", etc., and the source of some of the examples.
1335:, industrial production, personal income and retail sales. A coincident index may be used to identify, after the fact, the dates of peaks and troughs in the business cycle.
1186:— Equity market returns are considered a leading indicator because changes in stock prices reflect investors' expectations for the future of the economy and interest rates.
1452:
are those with little or no correlation to the business cycle: they may rise or fall when the general economy is doing well, and may rise or fall when it is not doing well.
1203:- a composite index developed by the Conference Board consisting of six financial indicators such as yield spreads, loan survey information and investor sentiment
1008:
is the principal fact-finding agency for the U.S. government in the field of labor economics and statistics. Other producers of economic indicators includes the
1105:
2993:
2949:
908:
840:
1118:
Leading indicators are indicators that usually, but not always, change before the economy as a whole changes. They are therefore useful as short-term
1853:
1461:
Local governments often need to project future tax revenues. The city of San
Francisco, for example, uses the price of a one-bedroom apartment on
1213:
spread is often referred to as the yield curve and implies the expected direction of short-, medium- and long-term interest rates. Changes in the
1127:
1788:
1001:
1997:
1920:
1119:
1887:
1747:
1422:
move in the same direction as the general economy: they increase when the economy is doing well; decrease when it is doing badly.
1635:
1429:
1416:
901:
1882:
2431:
1465:, weekend subway ridership numbers, parking garage usage, and monthly reports on passenger landings at the city's airport.
2612:
2401:
2391:
2084:
1581:
1482:
501:
239:
3018:
2551:
2524:
1763:
1526:
1122:
of the economy. Leading indicators include the index of consumer expectations, building permits, and credit conditions.
2978:
2959:
2536:
2381:
2347:
2332:
2311:
2306:
1861:
1013:
1009:
850:
70:
60:
2953:
2529:
2219:
2209:
1496:
1005:
894:
844:
374:
364:
2099:
1506:
978:
254:
2983:
2929:
2672:
2627:
2466:
2337:
2214:
1576:
1571:
1150:
823:
561:
516:
369:
138:
82:
2687:
576:
1130:
consisting of ten indicators designed to predict activity in the U. S. economy six to nine months in future.
2637:
2471:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2179:
2169:
2129:
2119:
1992:
1913:
1511:
962:
526:
334:
324:
284:
274:
181:
104:
1364:
The
Philadelphia Federal Reserve produces state-level coincident indexes based on 4 state-level variables:
2807:
2652:
2512:
2455:
2411:
2374:
2124:
2064:
2039:
2009:
1982:
1893:
1621:
1546:
1541:
1423:
1332:
1229:
1145:
1032:
974:
941:. Economic indicators include various indices, earnings reports, and economic summaries: for example, the
696:
541:
279:
219:
176:
123:
2622:
1237:
511:
2939:
2597:
2582:
2556:
2495:
2174:
2114:
2094:
2089:
1691:
1063:
966:
954:
830:
486:
471:
329:
269:
249:
244:
2988:
2692:
2436:
2406:
2359:
2322:
2248:
2199:
2164:
2104:
2069:
2004:
1987:
1586:
1536:
1516:
1315:
1284:
1253:
1123:
1086:
1071:
1055:
958:
950:
581:
403:
354:
319:
259:
224:
128:
118:
65:
3023:
2918:
2727:
2587:
2546:
2446:
2426:
2386:
2342:
2327:
2283:
2224:
2149:
2139:
2109:
2032:
1833:
807:
616:
476:
438:
379:
304:
294:
264:
191:
99:
1805:
1785:
1256:, a non-governmental organization, which determines the value of the index from seven components.
2973:
2944:
2902:
2707:
2416:
2396:
2364:
2278:
2273:
2253:
2204:
2144:
2134:
2079:
2074:
1906:
1639:
1311:
835:
791:
596:
433:
428:
408:
359:
299:
289:
234:
229:
201:
196:
166:
34:
1665:
1651:
2837:
2812:
2762:
2722:
2602:
2490:
2293:
2229:
2194:
2184:
2054:
1743:
1436:
1374:
1225:
1059:
726:
701:
651:
611:
491:
448:
384:
349:
339:
171:
133:
89:
27:
Measure, which allows statements about the economic situation in general of national economies
2887:
2832:
2817:
2802:
2787:
2767:
2717:
2697:
2677:
2632:
2239:
2189:
2159:
2154:
2044:
1970:
1735:
1643:
1036:
776:
721:
706:
691:
676:
656:
606:
586:
566:
521:
394:
344:
314:
309:
1848:
1338:
There are four economic statistics comprising the Index of
Coincident Economic Indicators:
50:
2998:
2892:
2857:
2822:
2757:
2682:
2667:
2561:
2517:
2354:
2288:
2263:
2258:
2234:
1965:
1950:
1865:
1792:
1561:
1408:
1348:
870:
781:
746:
711:
646:
571:
556:
443:
418:
413:
389:
161:
156:
17:
1870:
2912:
2897:
2862:
2847:
2827:
2797:
2647:
2617:
2268:
1977:
1945:
1876:
1521:
1095:
946:
938:
801:
786:
751:
736:
716:
686:
536:
506:
423:
113:
109:
3012:
2877:
2867:
2842:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2752:
2742:
2712:
2702:
2607:
2507:
2480:
2244:
1644:
1551:
1531:
1491:
1319:
1210:
1170:
997:
766:
756:
731:
671:
666:
661:
641:
631:
601:
591:
496:
399:
1730:
Yamarone, Richard (2012). "Indexes of
Leading, Lagging, and Coincident Indicators".
2907:
2852:
2747:
2737:
2732:
2657:
2502:
2027:
1955:
1692:"Using a Leading Credit Index to Predict Turning Points in the U.S. Business Cycle"
1407:(arguably) as countercyclical, but also as a lagging indicator with respect to the
1380:
1271:
982:
970:
942:
882:
796:
741:
636:
626:
621:
546:
94:
1399:
2882:
2872:
2662:
2541:
2485:
1960:
1501:
1443:
are countercyclic: in the short run they rise when the economy is deteriorating.
1214:
986:
771:
761:
551:
186:
2792:
2592:
2369:
1739:
1472:
1462:
1446:
1440:
1404:
1358:
1300:
1051:
937:
of future performance. One application of economic indicators is the study of
934:
681:
481:
2642:
2572:
2019:
1937:
1929:
1556:
930:
926:
531:
462:
42:
1024:
1858:
1476:
865:
2421:
1307:
1133:
Components of the
Conference Board's Leading Economic Indicators Index:
1343:
1188:
1888:
United States
Economic Indicators (current and historical, open data)
1873:
Monthly analysis from
American Institute for Economic Research (AIER)
990:
1187:
1050:
1028:
1023:
1838:
1716:
Smith, Charles Emrys, "Economic
Indicators", in Wankel, C. (ed.)
1650:. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. p.
1392:
There are also three terms that describe an economic indicator's
933:. Economic indicators allow analysis of economic performance and
1278:
1902:
1193:
1859:
International
Conference on Indicators and Survey Methodology
1898:
1435:
move in the opposite direction to the general economy. The
1296:
The ratio of consumer credit outstanding to personal income
1228:
or tightening. The data for this component comes from the
1293:
The ratio of manufacturing and trade inventories to sales
1843:
1383:
deflated by the consumer price index (U.S. city average)
1252:
The Index of
Lagging Indicators is published monthly by
1232:'s Survey Research Center, and is released once a month.
1192:
Corporate equities as leading indicator with respect to
1163:
Vendor performance (slower deliveries diffusion index)
1157:
Manufacturers' new orders for consumer goods/materials
1567:
List of economic reports by U.S. government agencies
1266:
The components on the Conference Board's index are:
1240:
may also be useful as a leading economic indicator.
2928:
2570:
2304:
2053:
2018:
1936:
1277:The value of outstanding commercial and industrial
996:The leading business cycle dating committee in the
1396:relative to the direction of the general economy:
1209:(10-year Treasury vs. Federal Funds target) — The
945:rate, quits rate (quit rate in American English),
1734:. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 47–63.
1622:"What Does the Producer Price Index Tell You?"
1914:
1879:Top Economic Indicators Grouped by Categories
1732:The Trader's Guide to Key Economic Indicators
902:
8:
1290:The change in labour cost per unit of output
1806:"A Fresh Approach To Measuring The Economy"
1236:Economist D.W. Mackenzie suggests that the
1921:
1907:
1899:
1849:The Conference Board - Economic Indicators
1169:Manufacturers' new orders for non-defense
1144:Average weekly initial jobless claims for
909:
895:
29:
1786:A Beginner's Guide to Economic Indicators
1718:Encyclopedia of Business in Today's World
1398:
1342:Number of employees on non-agricultural
1306:
1608:"The impact of an inverted yield curve"
1599:
41:
1766:. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia
1371:Average hours worked in manufacturing
1238:ratio of private to public employment
7:
1138:Average weekly hours (manufacturing)
1002:National Bureau of Economic Research
1998:Agent-based computational economics
1411:as procyclical indicator in the US
25:
1184:Stock prices of 500 common stocks
2456:neoclassical–Keynesian synthesis
1475:
1263:changes in the overall economy.
876:
864:
49:
1877:Top Economic Indicators History
1844:U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
1646:Economics: Principles in Action
1426:(GDP) is a procyclic indicator.
151:Concepts, theory and techniques
1839:Economic Indicators Mobile App
1222:Index of consumer expectations
1180:for new private housing units.
979:broadband internet penetration
1:
2392:Critique of political economy
1483:Business and economics portal
1854:FED101 - Economic Indicators
1527:Cost-weighted activity index
1035:as coincident, and business
1014:Bureau of Economic Analysis
1010:United States Census Bureau
3040:
2530:Real business-cycle theory
1764:"State Coincident Indexes"
1582:Purchasing Managers' Index
1497:Bureau of Labor Statistics
1368:Nonfarm payroll employment
1006:Bureau of Labor Statistics
18:Leading economic indicator
2970:
1740:10.1002/9781118532461.ch2
1507:Consumer confidence index
1314:in the US lagging behind
1883:U.S. Economic Indicators
1834:OECD Economic Indicators
1696:www.conference-board.org
1670:www.conference-board.org
1577:Misery index (economics)
1572:Macroeconomic indicators
1270:The average duration of
1151:U.S. Department of Labor
1020:Classification by timing
998:United States of America
139:JEL classification codes
2170:Industrial organization
1993:Computational economics
1894:GPO Economic Indicators
1720:(2009). California, US.
1666:"US LEADING INDICATORS"
1512:Consumer leverage ratio
963:consumer leverage ratio
325:Industrial organization
182:Computational economics
2375:Modern monetary theory
2040:Experimental economics
2010:Pluralism in economics
1983:Mathematical economics
1547:Gross domestic product
1542:Genuine Progress Index
1424:Gross domestic product
1412:
1351:less transfer payments
1333:Gross Domestic Product
1322:
1230:University of Michigan
1196:
1146:unemployment insurance
1128:Leading Economic Index
1126:publishes a composite
1115:
1040:
975:gross domestic product
177:Experimental economics
1402:
1354:Industrial production
1326:Coincident indicators
1310:
1191:
1054:
1027:
967:industrial production
2249:Social choice theory
2005:Behavioral economics
1988:Complexity economics
1587:The Conference Board
1537:Fundamental analysis
1517:Consumer price index
1316:capacity utilization
1285:Consumer Price Index
1254:The Conference Board
1207:Interest rate spread
1201:Leading Credit Index
1124:The Conference Board
1039:as lagging indicator
959:Inverted yield curve
951:consumer price index
404:Social choice theory
3019:Economic indicators
2333:American (National)
2033:Economic statistics
1871:Economic Indicators
1640:Sheffrin, Steven M.
1259:The Index tends to
871:Business portal
192:Operations research
172:National accounting
1864:2017-06-22 at the
1791:2009-08-31 at the
1636:O'Sullivan, Arthur
1413:
1357:Manufacturing and
1323:
1312:Federal Funds Rate
1283:The change in the
1244:Lagging indicators
1197:
1116:
1047:Leading indicators
1041:
1012:and United States
923:economic indicator
202:Industrial complex
197:Middle income trap
3006:
3005:
2537:New institutional
1437:unemployment rate
1375:Unemployment rate
1226:consumer spending
1060:leading indicator
989:, and changes in
931:economic activity
919:
918:
16:(Redirected from
3031:
2210:Natural resource
2045:Economic history
1971:Mechanism design
1923:
1916:
1909:
1900:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1802:
1796:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1727:
1721:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1649:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1604:
1485:
1480:
1479:
1457:Local indicators
1379:Wage and salary
1303:charged by banks
1178:Building permits
1112:
1103:
1093:
1084:
1078:
1069:
911:
904:
897:
883:Money portal
881:
880:
879:
869:
868:
365:Natural resource
157:Economic systems
53:
30:
21:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3009:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2999:Business portal
2966:
2965:
2964:
2924:
2688:von Böhm-Bawerk
2576:
2575:
2566:
2338:Ancient thought
2316:
2315:
2309:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2049:
2014:
1966:Contract theory
1951:Decision theory
1932:
1927:
1866:Wayback Machine
1830:
1825:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1793:Wayback Machine
1783:
1779:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1750:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1715:
1711:
1701:
1699:
1698:. December 2011
1690:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1672:. July 20, 2023
1664:
1663:
1659:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1562:Lipstick effect
1481:
1474:
1471:
1459:
1430:Countercyclical
1409:employment rate
1390:
1349:Personal income
1328:
1246:
1114:
1110:
1108:
1101:
1099:
1091:
1089:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1067:
1049:
1022:
1000:is the private
953:(a measure for
939:business cycles
915:
877:
875:
863:
856:
855:
826:
816:
815:
814:
813:
577:von Böhm-Bawerk
465:
454:
453:
215:
207:
206:
162:Economic growth
152:
144:
143:
85:
83:classifications
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3037:
3035:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3011:
3010:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2474:
2464:
2459:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2402:Disequilibrium
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2377:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2317:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2215:Organizational
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2024:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1978:Macroeconomics
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1946:Microeconomics
1942:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1911:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1828:External links
1826:
1823:
1822:
1797:
1777:
1755:
1748:
1722:
1709:
1683:
1657:
1627:
1624:. 3 June 2021.
1613:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1522:Core inflation
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1470:
1467:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1444:
1433:
1427:
1420:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1384:
1377:
1372:
1369:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1352:
1346:
1327:
1324:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1281:
1275:
1245:
1242:
1234:
1233:
1219:
1204:
1198:
1181:
1175:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1141:
1113: Core PCE
1109:
1100:
1090:
1081:
1079: Core PPI
1075:
1066:
1062:, CPI and PCE
1048:
1045:
1021:
1018:
947:housing starts
917:
916:
914:
913:
906:
899:
891:
888:
887:
886:
885:
873:
858:
857:
854:
853:
848:
838:
833:
827:
822:
821:
818:
817:
812:
811:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
474:
468:
467:
466:
460:
459:
456:
455:
452:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
370:Organizational
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
307:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
216:
214:By application
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
136:
131:
126:
121:
116:
107:
102:
97:
92:
86:
80:
79:
76:
75:
74:
73:
68:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3036:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:de Mandeville
2581:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2525:New classical
2523:
2519:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:Malthusianism
2479:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2442:Institutional
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2245:Public choice
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2220:Participation
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Institutional
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2130:Expeditionary
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2120:Environmental
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1924:
1919:
1917:
1912:
1910:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1781:
1778:
1765:
1759:
1756:
1751:
1749:9781118532461
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1603:
1600:
1593:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1552:Hemline index
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1532:Economic data
1530:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1492:Big Mac Index
1490:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1456:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1395:
1387:
1382:
1381:disbursements
1378:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1366:
1365:
1360:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1325:
1321:
1320:manufacturing
1317:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1282:
1280:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1257:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1211:interest rate
1208:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1171:capital goods
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1107:
1097:
1088:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
912:
907:
905:
900:
898:
893:
892:
890:
889:
884:
874:
872:
867:
862:
861:
860:
859:
852:
849:
846:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
828:
825:
820:
819:
810:
809:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
768:
765:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
483:
480:
478:
475:
473:
472:de Mandeville
470:
469:
464:
458:
457:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
401:
400:Public choice
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
375:Participation
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
336:
335:Institutional
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
285:Expeditionary
283:
281:
278:
276:
275:Environmental
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
217:
211:
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188:
185:
183:
180:
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168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
148:
147:
140:
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
125:
122:
120:
117:
115:
111:
108:
106:
105:International
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:Branches and
78:
77:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
58:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
2994:Publications
2950:Publications
2917:
2513:Neoclassical
2503:Mercantilism
2412:Evolutionary
2274:Sociological
2247: /
2145:Geographical
2125:Evolutionary
2100:Digitization
2065:Agricultural
2028:Econometrics
1956:Price theory
1890:(quandl.com)
1814:. Retrieved
1812:. 2010-04-11
1809:
1800:
1780:
1768:. Retrieved
1758:
1731:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1700:. Retrieved
1695:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1669:
1660:
1645:
1630:
1616:
1602:
1460:
1393:
1391:
1388:By direction
1363:
1337:
1329:
1299:The average
1287:for services
1272:unemployment
1265:
1260:
1258:
1251:
1247:
1235:
1221:
1206:
1200:
1183:
1177:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1143:
1137:
1132:
1117:
1042:
1031:as leading,
995:
993:conditions.
983:retail sales
971:bankruptcies
943:unemployment
922:
920:
841:Publications
806:
429:Sociological
402: /
300:Geographical
280:Evolutionary
255:Digitization
220:Agricultural
124:Mathematical
95:Econometrics
2788:von Neumann
2557:Supply-side
2542:Physiocracy
2486:Marginalism
2175:Information
2115:Engineering
2095:Development
2090:Demographic
1961:Game theory
1938:Theoretical
1784:About.com,
1502:CAPRI model
1417:Procyclical
1215:yield curve
987:price index
935:predictions
677:von Neumann
330:Information
270:Engineering
250:Development
245:Demographic
187:Game theory
129:Methodology
3024:Indicators
3013:Categories
2945:Economists
2818:Schumacher
2723:Schumpeter
2693:von Wieser
2613:von Thünen
2573:Economists
2472:Circuitism
2437:Humanistic
2432:Historical
2407:Ecological
2397:Democratic
2370:Chartalism
2360:Behavioral
2323:Mainstream
2284:Statistics
2279:Solidarity
2200:Managerial
2165:Humanistic
2160:Historical
2105:Ecological
2070:Behavioral
1816:2010-04-20
1594:References
1463:Craigslist
1449:indicators
1441:wage share
1432:indicators
1419:indicators
1405:wage share
1359:trade sale
1301:prime rate
1274:(inverted)
1120:predictors
836:Economists
707:Schumacher
612:Schumpeter
582:von Wieser
502:von Thünen
463:economists
439:Statistics
434:Solidarity
355:Managerial
320:Humanistic
315:Historical
260:Ecological
225:Behavioral
119:Mainstream
2863:Greenspan
2828:Samuelson
2808:Galbraith
2778:Tinbergen
2718:von Mises
2713:Heckscher
2673:Edgeworth
2552:Stockholm
2547:Socialist
2447:Keynesian
2427:Happiness
2387:Classical
2348:Mutualism
2343:Anarchist
2328:Heterodox
2225:Personnel
2185:Knowledge
2150:Happiness
2140:Financial
2110:Education
2085:Democracy
2020:Empirical
1930:Economics
1770:4 October
1702:17 August
1676:17 August
1557:Inflation
1447:Acyclical
1394:direction
955:inflation
929:about an
927:statistic
752:Greenspan
717:Samuelson
697:Galbraith
667:Tinbergen
607:von Mises
602:Heckscher
562:Edgeworth
380:Personnel
340:Knowledge
305:Happiness
295:Financial
265:Education
240:Democracy
134:Political
100:Heterodox
43:Economics
2974:Category
2954:journals
2940:Glossary
2893:Stiglitz
2858:Rothbard
2838:Buchanan
2823:Friedman
2813:Koopmans
2803:Leontief
2783:Robinson
2668:Marshall
2518:Lausanne
2422:Georgism
2417:Feminist
2365:Buddhist
2355:Austrian
2254:Regional
2230:Planning
2205:Monetary
2135:Feminist
2080:Cultural
2075:Business
1862:Archived
1789:Archived
1642:(2003).
1469:See also
1439:and the
1344:payrolls
1029:Equities
845:journals
831:Glossary
782:Stiglitz
747:Rothbard
727:Buchanan
712:Friedman
702:Koopmans
692:Leontief
672:Robinson
557:Marshall
461:Notable
409:Regional
385:Planning
360:Monetary
290:Feminist
235:Cultural
230:Business
35:a series
33:Part of
2989:Outline
2960:Schools
2952: (
2913:Piketty
2908:Krugman
2773:Kuznets
2763:Kalecki
2738:Polanyi
2628:Cournot
2623:Bastiat
2608:Ricardo
2598:Malthus
2588:Quesnay
2491:Marxian
2382:Chicago
2312:history
2307:Schools
2294:Welfare
2264:Service
2055:Applied
851:Schools
843: (
802:Piketty
797:Krugman
662:Kuznets
652:Kalecki
627:Polanyi
517:Cournot
512:Bastiat
497:Ricardo
487:Malthus
477:Quesnay
449:Welfare
419:Service
90:Applied
66:Outline
61:History
2898:Thaler
2878:Ostrom
2873:Becker
2868:Sowell
2848:Baumol
2753:Myrdal
2748:Sraffa
2743:Frisch
2733:Knight
2728:Keynes
2703:Fisher
2698:Veblen
2683:Pareto
2663:Menger
2658:George
2653:Jevons
2648:Walras
2638:Gossen
2562:Thermo
2240:Public
2235:Policy
2190:Labour
2155:Health
1746:
1261:follow
1218:rates.
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787:Thaler
767:Ostrom
762:Becker
757:Sowell
737:Baumol
642:Myrdal
637:Sraffa
632:Frisch
622:Knight
617:Keynes
592:Fisher
587:Veblen
572:Pareto
552:Menger
547:George
542:Jevons
537:Walras
527:Gossen
395:Public
390:Policy
345:Labour
310:Health
167:Market
2984:Lists
2979:Index
2930:Lists
2903:Hoppe
2888:Lucas
2853:Solow
2843:Arrow
2833:Simon
2798:Lange
2793:Hicks
2768:Röpke
2758:Hayek
2708:Pigou
2678:Clark
2593:Smith
2508:Mixed
2467:Post-
2289:Urban
2269:Socio
2259:Rural
1279:loans
1058:is a
925:is a
824:Lists
792:Hoppe
777:Lucas
742:Solow
732:Arrow
722:Simon
687:Lange
682:Hicks
657:Röpke
647:Hayek
597:Pigou
567:Clark
482:Smith
444:Urban
424:Socio
414:Rural
114:Macro
110:Micro
71:Index
2919:more
2643:Marx
2633:Mill
2618:List
2496:Neo-
2452:Neo-
1772:2010
1744:ISBN
1704:2023
1678:2023
1403:The
1096:Core
808:more
532:Marx
522:Mill
507:List
2883:Sen
2603:Say
2462:New
2195:Law
1810:NPR
1736:doi
1652:314
1318:in
1194:GDP
1106:PCE
1098:CPI
1087:CPI
1072:PPI
1064:lag
1056:PPI
1033:GDP
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772:Sen
492:Say
350:Law
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